GEOL 10: Environmental Geology Mid Term II Study Guide

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Griffin Oliver
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1 (1) 10 pts. Use the seismographs below, along with the travel time plot for California, and the location map for seismographs in this region to do the following: a. Determine the origin time for the earthquake in GMT. Each record starts at 03:00:00 and each line lasts 90 seconds b. Determine the epicentral location for this earthquake. 1 P age

For the following 5 questions refer to the figure on the right. (2) 2 pts. Which is the earthquake fault scarp? c) L d) M (3) 2 pts. Which is the earthquake epicenter? c) L d) M (4) 2 pts.

2 For the following 5 questions refer to the figure on the right. (2) 2 pts. Which is the earthquake fault scarp? c) L d) M (3) 2 pts. Which is the earthquake epicenter? c) L d) M (4) 2 pts. Which is the earthquake hypocenter? c) L d) M (5) 2 pts. Which is the earthquake slip area? c) L d) M (6) 2 pts. What are multiplied by each other to determine the earthquake magnitude? a) L & M b) K & M c) J & M d) J & K (7) 2 pts. What is the difference between earthquake magnitude and earthquake intensity a) earthquake magnitude is a measure of the ground shaking and earthquake intensity is a measure of energy release b) earthquake intensity is a measure of the ground shaking and earthquake magnitude is a measure of energy release c) earthquake magnitude is a measure of the amount of fault slip and earthquake intensity is a measure of energy release d) earthquake magnitude is a measure of the ground shaking and earthquake intensity is a measure of fault slip (8) 2 pts. Which wave is the last to reach the seismograph station? A) P waves B) S waves C) Surface waves D) Body waves E) All of the waves reach the station at the same time (9) 2 pts. Which of the following is true about seismographs taken far from the epicenter of the earthquake as compared to those that are closer? A) There will not be any P waves detected B) There will not be any S waves detected C) The P and S waves will be closer together D) The P and S waves will be further apart 2 P age

3 Use the plot to the right for the next 2 questions. There are two sets of data plotted, one on the left and one on the right. (10) 2 pts. What are the different data sets, in order, from left to right? A. P wave, Love wave B. Raleigh wave, P wave C. S wave, P wave D. S wave, Love wave (11) 2 pts. What does the plot on the left tell us about the outer core? A. The outer core is liquid and P waves cannot travel through liquid. B. The outer core is liquid and S waves cannot travel through liquid. C. The outer core is solid and P waves cannot travel through solid. D. The outer core is solid and P waves cannot travel through solid. (12) 2 pts. Using the plot at the right, choose the correct names for the seismic waves labeled a, b, and c. i. Surface waves, P wave, S wave ii. P wave, S wave, Surface waves iii. S wave, P wave, Surface waves iv. P wave, Surfacewaves, S wave (13) 2 pts. In the Figure below, where would you expect the worst shaking to occur? a. A b. B c. C d. D (14) 2 pts. In the same Figure, where would you expect the least shaking to occur? a. A b. B c. C d. D 3 P age

4 (15) 2 pts. A body wave that will not travel through a liquid is a. a. Gravity wave b. P wave c. S wave d. none of these is correct (16) 2 pts. The Elastic Rebound Theory is made up of four parts. Which of the following is in the correct sequential order? a. stress, rebound, rupture, strain b. rebound, rupture, stress, strain c. stress, strain, rupture, rebound d. none of these is correct (17) 2 pts. (Tsunamis travel across open oceans as a gravity wave (a gravitational oscillation ), often obtaining speeds in deep oceans of: a. 10 mph b. 100 mph c. 500 mph d. 1,500 mph. (18) 2 pts. A is a record of a tsunami written on a tide gage. a. monogram b. marigram c. sonogram d. mammogram The following questions refer to the figure shown on the right. (19) 2 pts. What is the period of the tsunami wave arrivals? a. 40 minutes b. 70 minutes c. 20 minutes d. 10 minutes (20) 2 pts. What was the maximum displacement between any peak and trough? a. 12 feet b. 15 feet c. 8 feet d. 6 feet (21) 2 pts. About how long was the tsunami a problem in this harbor? a. 3 hrs b. longer than 11 hrs c. 2 days d. 2 minutes (22) 2 pts. What plate boundary is associated with tsunami hazards? A. convergent B) divergent C) transform (23) 10 pts. You found some sandy sediment in a core collected along Humboldt Bay. The sandy sediment is deposited above an organic peat layer and deposited underneath some muddy sediment. (a) what do you think is responsible for the deposition of that sand? tsunami (b) why do you think this? Humboldt Bay is near the Cascadia subduction zone, capable of generating tsunami The mud overlying the peat may represent coseismic subsidence 4 P age

(c) how would you test your hypothesis? I would look for beach/ocean diatoms in the sand, high marsh or freshwater diatoms in the peat, and subtidal or low marsh diatoms in the overlying mud.

c) O d) N (26) 2 pts. Which type of volcano is the source for the Columbia River Flood Basalts? a) N b) J c) L d) O (27) 2 pts. Which rocks are sorted properly, from low Si to high Si content?

5 (c) how would you test your hypothesis? I would look for beach/ocean diatoms in the sand, high marsh or freshwater diatoms in the peat, and subtidal or low marsh diatoms in the overlying mud. For the following 3 questions, use the figure below. (24) 2 pts. Which type of volcano erupts with lava low in Si? a) L b) N c) O d) J (25) 2 pts. Which has the form of a stratovolcano? c) O d) N (26) 2 pts. Which type of volcano is the source for the Columbia River Flood Basalts? a) N b) J c) L d) O (27) 2 pts. Which rocks are sorted properly, from low Si to high Si content? a) Rhyolite, Dacite, Andesite, Basalt b) Basalt, Andesite, Dacite, Rhyolite c) Basalt, Dacite, Andesite, Rhyolite d) Basalt, Rhyolite, Andesite, Dacite (28) 2 pts. Which volcano type is associated with the correct rock? a) fissure flow rhyolite b) shield volcano granite c) caldera rhyolite d) shield volcano basalt (29) 5 pts. In the diagram below, label each illustration where you would find each type of volcano: Shield Volcano, Rift Volcano, Stratovolcano, Fissure Volcano (30) 2 pts. Kilauea and Mauna Loa are. a) explosive, rhyolitic volcanoes b) andesitic stratovolcanoes c) basaltic shield volcanoes d) small, basaltic cinder cones 5 P age

(31) 2 pts. Which Cascade volcanoes has the most frequent eruptions? a) Mt. St. Helens b) Mt. Adams c) Mt. Hood d) Mt. Ranier (32) 2 pts. What is the range in time that the CRBs erupted?

6 (31) 2 pts. Which Cascade volcanoes has the most frequent eruptions? a) Mt. St. Helens b) Mt. Adams c) Mt. Hood d) Mt. Ranier (32) 2 pts. What is the range in time that the CRBs erupted? a) Ma b) 17 6 Ma c) Ma d) 15 Ma 2 Ma (33) 2 pts. Why do magmas rise toward Earth's surface? a) Magmas are more viscous than solid rocks in the crust and upper mantle. b) Most magmas are richer in silica than most crustal and upper mantle rocks. c) Magmas are mainly liquid and contain dissolved fluids such as water; most are less dense than the adjacent solid rock. d) all of the above (34) 2 pts. Extrusive igneous rocks are typically finer grained than intrusive igneous rocks. Why? a) Intrusive magma is cooler because it is well insulated by the surrounding rock. b) Intrusive magma flows onto the Earth's surface and cools very slowly, allowing many small mineral grains to grow. c) The extrusive magma cools quickly so the mineral grains do not have time to grow. d) The extrusive magma, because it is deep below the surface, cools very slowly producing very small mineral grains. 6 P age

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Part A GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET VOLCANOES. Name

Part A GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET VOLCANOES. Name GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET VOLCANOES Name Part A 1. The rough, jumbled blocky or jagged surface of a lava flow is called a. pahoehoe b. lahar c. aa d. phreatic 2. The Cascade volcanoes like Mt. St.