8 th Grade Earth Science Brookhaven Academy
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1 8 th Grade Earth Science Brookhaven Academy
2 Science Question What factors effect lava flows on Mars?
3 Why is this question interesting and important? By studying lava flows on Mars the geology of Mars can be revealed. This research provides an accurate comparison between Earth s features and Mar s features. By understanding the slope and altitude of a volcano, it can determine if these factors affect lava flows.
4 Hypothesis If the slope of a volcano is steep, then the lava will flow more quickly. If the lava flow measures short, then the lava must be more viscous.
5 Background Olympus Mons, one of the youngest shield volcanoes, is the largest volcano in the Mars solar system. The lava is sticky and tears when it moves. Ulysses Patera, buried by Pavonis Mon s lava, is located at the middle of Tharsis volcanism. Its striking features are its old age and the two large impact craters located on it. Ceraunius Tholus is a basaltic shield volcano located in the Tharsis quadrangle. The slopes are steep with many radial erosion channels and pitted valleys. Arsia Mons is the southernmost volcano on the Tharsis bulge. Its name comes from albedo feature, the Roman forest of Arsia Silva.
6 Definitions Shield volcanoes- Type of volcano usually built almost of fluid lava flows Altitude- The height of an object above sea level Slope- Surface of which one end or side is higher than the other Lava Flows- Streams of molten rock that pour or ooze from an erupting vent
7 Definitions Atmosphere- A layer of gases that may surround a material body of sufficient mass Caldera- A cauldron-like volcanic feature usually formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption Olympus Mons- Shield volcano, 14 miles high, tallest mountain in the solar system, 370 miles wide, the summit has 6 nested calderas, 2 miles deep
8 Image of Lava Flows on Mars format=jpeg&quality=60&width=400&height=1000&image =/mars/images/special/themis/iotd/v png
9 Lava Flow Formation on Earth Streams of molten rocks ooze from an erupting vent and the lava cools. The lava flow speed depends on many factors. For example, the type of lava that erupts and the viscosity of the lava affect the lava flow pace. When traveling down a steep slope, lava flows are capable of moving 10 kilometers an hour. Viscous andesite flows move very slowly, and usually do not extend more than 8 kilometers away from their vents. Because of the lack of information on the formation of lava flows on Mars, researchers assume the lava flow formations on Mars are very similar to the lava flow formations on Earth.
10 Geographic Locations Olympus Mons: Ulysses Patera: elevation: 22 km slope: 2-5 degrees width: 550 km latitude: 18.4 north longitude: 226 east elevation: 2-3 km slope: 2-7 degrees width: 2.24 km latitude: 2.7 north longitude: 121 west
11 Geographic Locations Arsia Mons: Ceraunius Tholus: elevation: 18.1 km slope: 7 degrees width: 110 km latitude: 10 south longitude: 239 east elevation: 5.5 km slope: 8 degrees width: 130 km latitude: north longitude: 262 east
12 Geographic Locations Olympus Mons elevation: 22 km slope: 2-5 degrees width: 550 km latitude: 18.4 north longitude: 226 east Ulysses Patera elevation: 2-3 km slope: 2-7 degrees width: 2.24 km latitude: 2.7 north longitude:121 west
13 Geographic Locations Arsia Mons elevation: 18.1 km slope: 7 degrees width: 110 km latitude: 10 south longitude: 239 east Ceraunius Tholus elevation: 5.5 km slope: 8 degrees width: 130 km latitude:24.25 north longitude: 262 east
14 Experimental Design In this research we will use THEMIS images from Mars Odyssey We will also use MOLA images found in JMARS This study will focus on lava flows on 4 volcanoes on Mars. Data will be collected to determine if altitude and slope have any effect on lava flows on Mars Numerous lava flows will be measures on these volcanoes. Length and width of the lava flow will be used to infer viscosity of the flow.
15 Analysis Plan A bar graph will be created to plot height, slope, length and width of lava flows Using the volcanoes Olympus Mons, Ulysses Paters, Ceranunius Thollus, and Arsia Mons a graph will be created of the length and width of multiple lava flows. We will graph how altitude and slope of these volcanoes effect lava flows Pictures of lava flows will be included.
16 Websites Mola shaded relief images planet_volcano/mars/cones/ulyses.html
17 Themis Images Many Themis Images are needed with this research.
18 Science Question: Conclusion What factors effect lava flows on Mars Hypothesis: If the slope of a volcano is steep, then the lava will flow more quickly. If the lava flow measures short, then the lava must be more viscous. Importance of Research: Our research project is important to shed light on how slope and altitude might effect lava flows. The THEMIS camera will be used to collect data on these factors. By using the camera we will be able to measure lava flows on our chosen volcanoes.
19 References Watt, K. (2002). Mars Student Imaging Project: Resource Manuel. Retrieved January 14, 2013, from Arizona State University, Mars Student Imaging Project Web site:
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