Improvement of navigation conditions on the Danube (Calarasi-Braila and Lower Danube) - Ecological concerns?
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1 Improvement of navigation conditions on the Danube (Calarasi-Braila and Lower Danube) - Ecological concerns? Georg Rast, Christine Bratrich, Orieta Hulea WWF Germany/DCPO
2 Topics of the presentation Major pressures and threats on Danube River system relating to improvement of navigation Typical structural interventions and ecological concerns of ISPA project Calarasi-Braila Recommendations and request for action 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 2
3 Major pressures or threats Improvement of navigation conditions Sturgeon at risk of extinction Ensuring and improving flood protection Deficit in sediment balance Additional structural interventions Implementation of EU-Regulation Climate change 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 3
4 Improvement of navigation conditions Enlargement of fairway dimensions - Increase of draught, esp. at low flow stages Increase in transport volume - Increase in frequency of waterway traffic - Size of transport units (no. of barges, length?) Improvement of reliability of fairway conditions - River Information System - Restrictions for morpho-dynamic processes? Other non-structural approaches? 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 4
5 Conservation of sturgeon Lower Danube provides best remaining habitat for sturgeons in the whole Balck Sea region Sturgeons sensible to hydro-morphological alterations - Preservation of migration paths (long memory?) - Sturgeons avoid hydraulic structures - Sturgeons prefer to move in deeper water Specific requirements for spawning habitat - Coarse sediment particles with open cavities 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 5
6 Ensuring and improving flood protection Ensurance of conveyance capacity - Maintenance of hydraulic capacity of all river arms - Preservation of hydro-morphological processes - Local relocation of flood protection dykes Restoring retention areas - Relocation of dykes and creation of retention basins (polder) Flood risk management - Control flood risk development (ports?) 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 6
7 Deficit in sediment balance Dredging of river sediments over decades far beyond natural transport volume - River bed incision all along free flowing Danube river Damming of Danube main stem and major tributaries on large sections - Reduction of natural transport volume Rectification and embankment on large free flowing sections - Prevention of lateral morphodynamics and recharge of sediments 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 7
8 Sediment extraction and channel incision along the Danube and selected tributaries 25 June 2007Fischer, Workshop2: Kloep, Joint Wilczek, Statement Pusch IWT&Env. (2005) Sustainability Biogeochemistry in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 8
9 Estimated bedload less than 0,5 Mill. m3 25 June 2007Fischer, Workshop2: Kloep, Joint Wilczek, Statement Pusch IWT&Env. (2005) Sustainability Biogeochemistry in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 9
10 Additional structural interventions Additional river sections with plans to improve navigation conditions Extension of Nuclear Power Plants - Availability of cooling water (Cernavoda), damming of side arms (Belene?) Other infrastructure - Canals and Ports - Bridges 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 10
11 Example of plans on Lower Danube along RO-BG Severe irreversible impact on river ecosystem Belene island section Belene NPP with weir 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 11
12 River training measures and effects HWL MWL LWL (former) Side arm Systematic bank protection and/or groyns Damming of side arms for concentration of flow in main riverbed loss of flood water conveyance capacity, further increase of flood water levels and decrease of low water levels 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 12
13 Rhine river - Waal branch near Nijmegen 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 13
14 Implementation of EU-Regulations Water Framework Directive - No deterioration clause for all water bodies, also relevant for water dependant protected areas (floodplains, delta) Fauna-Flora-Habitat- and Birds-Directive - Habitats and species, indirectly processes - Sturgeons (priority interest) Conventions (ESPOO, Transboundary Waters, Black Sea, Biodiversity,..) 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 14
15 Central channel sediments the river s liver Bottom sediments swiftly overflown by river water form a hot spot of microbial activity Fischer, Kloep, Wilczek, Pusch (2005) Biogeochemistry Fischer, Kloep, Wilczek, Pusch (2005) Biogeochemistry 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 15
16 Climate change Prolongation of low flow periods (most likely also reduction of low flow) - Deteriorating navigation conditions Increase of water temperatures - Water quality problems, esp. in stagnant waterbodies Most likely increase in flow dynamics (changes accelerated, higher floods) - Unexpected morphological alterations? Changes in sediment transport - Less coarse sediment, more suspended solids? 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 16
17 ISPA Project Danube Calarasi-Braila - 4 types of measures: Alteration of bi-furcation with guiding wall and bottom sill (crest level: ENR 1.8m, av. Q 5 m) Restriction of flow in side arms with/without bottom culverts, pipes at 1 m diam. (crest av. Q) Narrowing of main branch (guiding walls) (crest av. Q) Bank reinforcement 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 17
18 25 June 2007Fischer, Workshop2: Kloep, Joint Wilczek, Statement Pusch IWT&Env. (2005) Sustainability Biogeochemistry in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 18
19 25 June 2007Fischer, Workshop2: Kloep, Joint Wilczek, Statement Pusch IWT&Env. (2005) Sustainability Biogeochemistry in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 19
20 Water levels (2003 & mbsc) Izvoarele (on Dunarea Veche) MW Guiding wall 11,06 m Bottom sill 4,43 m 0,77 Max ? Min Water column above the bottom sill at low water levels = 0,77 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 20
21 25 June 2007Fischer, Workshop2: Kloep, Joint Wilczek, Statement Pusch IWT&Env. (2005) Sustainability Biogeochemistry in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 21
22 25 June 2007Fischer, Workshop2: Kloep, Joint Wilczek, Statement Pusch IWT&Env. (2005) Sustainability Biogeochemistry in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 22
23 Recommendations Avoid structural impacts - Non-structural prior to structural measures, whole range to be considered Keep the ecosystem alive - Maintenance of key ecological functions Work with natural river structures, not against - (e.g. orientation on planform, islands, pool-riffle-system) Keep this decision making process open - Measures implemented keep alternative options feasible 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 23
24 Request for action 1. Hold implementation of this ISPA project and development of further, similar proposals 2. Do not modify major bi-furcations (i.e. Bala-Borcea) 3. Make assessment of alternative solutions accessible and transparent (acc. WFD Art. 4.7) 4. If not available/sufficient, complete assessment 5. Make analysis of long term effects on morphology and flood protection accessible and transparent 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 24
25 Request for action (cont.) 6. Make analysis acc. to WFD/FFH/Birds-Directive and other relevant regulation accessible and transparent 7. Re-assess impacts on sturgeons involving international institutions 8. Modify dredging practise (no net extraction from riverbed) 9. Do not build further bank reinforcement (exc. for safety reasons) 10.Apply near-natural island structures for narrowing river bed sections 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 25
26 Thank you for attention 25 June 2007 Workshop2: Joint Statement IWT&Env. Sustainability in DRB Improvement of navigation Ecological concerns Page: 26
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