South Pyrenean foreland basin
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1 South Pyrenean foreland basin 1 7 South Pyrenean foreland basin 1 8
2 South-Pyrenean Foreland basin S N Fore-bulge deformation Piggy-back B. Thrust nappes Basement Vergés & al, 2002 decollement Syntectonic sediments Decollement Basement/cover interface 1 9 Subsidence history Water depth Total Subs. Tectonic Subs. Outward migration of onset of subsidence from Vergés & al, 1999 Water depth Tectonic Subs. Total Subs. 2 0 ne
3 Sedimentation evolution from Vergés & al, 1999 Distribution & facies temporal evolution 2 1 Sedimentary facies evolution South South Pyrenean Foreland Basin M1 - Field trip (April) Alluvial fans North Carbonate platform Slope marls & blackshales Delta Basinal Turbidites 2 2
4 Chronostratigraphic diagram of S. Pyrenean foreland B. Proximal facies = thrust migration south Vergés & al, 2002 north 2 3 Chronostratigraphic diagram of foreland basins Facies distribution migrates with time forebulge Alluvial fans Orogen Time-line Hiatus (basement) Delta-fluvial thrusts turbidites Carbonate platform Facies distribution = landscape Hiatus (basement) 2 4
5 Facies distribution Alluvial fans Fluvial deltaic offshore Carbonate platform Western USA foreland basin, restored in Cretaceous time Modified from Armstrong, Facies distribution Alluvial fans Fluvial deltaic offshore Carbonate platform H.L. Levin, Western USA foreland basin, restored in Cretaceous time 2 6
6 Foreland basin synthetic log faible forte faible forte inversion Sed > Acc Acc >> Sed Acc = Sed subs. max. flexure 2 7 Tectonic-sedimentation in foreland basins Progressive unconformities (Sant Llorenç S. Pyrenean Freland B.) 2 8
7 Progressive unconformities in map-view x Sant Llorenç Eocene Alluvial Fans 2 9 x map X-section Sedim > Accomm Sedim = Accomm Sedim < Accomm Progressive unconformities record active tectonics at thrusted basin margin 3 0
8 Growth structures : Po Plain foreland basin N 10km Progressive unconformities = growth structures Dating thrusts activity = outward migration 31 10km S Present-day growth structures : Mongolia rgi ng thr ust Alluvial fan Gro win ga nti clin e Sabkha Mongolia Model of syn-tectonic sedimentation 32 Em e Drainage area (erosion)
9 Po Basin + Adriatic Sea = Apennine Foreland Basins Bertello & al 2008, 2 opposite orogens 3 3 Apennin foreland Basin Early Pliocene-Quaternary Syn-Orogenic deposits Meso-Cenozoic passive margin sequences Top Lower Pleistocene Top Upper Pliocene Top Middle Pliocene Top Messian Top Albian Top Lower Lias Top Norian Top Carnian Near base Lower Trias - Permian 0 5 km Spinello 1 Enigma 1 Silvana 1 Edgar 2 Projected from 7.5 km SE Projected from 2 km SE Projected from 3.5 km NW Projected from 11 km NW SW Shallow water carbonates SW Evaporites Hemi-pelagites, and turbidites Evaporites Hemi-pelagites, and turbidites Marls, and pelagic limestones Cherty limestones, and marls Apennine Detachment Clastic, carbonates and evaporites Outer shelf to basin plain deposits A B C Salt Pillow? Salt Diapir D NE TWT 0 s 2 s 4 s 6 s NE TWT 0 s 2 s 4 s 6 s 3 4
10 Relation flexure/tectonics/erosion/sedimentation (example : Siwalik / Ganges) (exple : Great Plains USA / Mississippi + Missouri) 3 5 Basins due to subduction : West-Pacific Back-arc B. Fore-arc B. Accretionary prism Trench 3 6
11 Trench Accretionary Prism In-sequence thrusts Accretionnary prism Turbidites (onlap) Nankai Trough Oceanic sediment (draped pelagic) Oceanic crust In-sequence thrusting Calabria-Ionian Trough Basins linked to subduction example: NW Columbia margin Slope Forearc Basin Accretionnary Prism Oceanic basin
12 Example: Sinù accretionnary prism 50km Sinù River Accretionnary prism offshore NW Colombia Thrusting and syn-tectonic sedimentation => Slope-basins w/turbidites Vinnels & al 2010, M&PG 3 9 Exampe: Sumatra Forearc Basin BGR Accretionnary prism S.S. Faults SW-NE seismic line: bgr Data courtesy: BGR Crustal basement 4 0
13 Subduction roll-back NW Mediterranean Subduction roll-back Fixe d Trench migration Fixe d Séranne, 1999 Accretionary prism Synrift basin Oceanic or thin cont. crust Volcanic arc Continental crust a Physical model of subduction roll-back Pyrenees Iberia Europe? Prov. NPFZ C S B Ca K M-L.Eocene Apulia Séranne 1999 b Slab roll-back W. European Rifts Priabonian 35Ma 4 1 Accretionary prism Synrift basin Oceanic or thin cont. crust Volcanic arc Continental crust a Pyrenees Iberia Europe M-L.Eocene Priabonian Subduction 35Ma NPFZ Metamorphic C Back-arc S basin: NW Mediterranean core complex B K Prov. Ca? Apulia b W. European Rifts Thrusting Normal faulting Direction of extension c Africa NBTZ K? L. Rupelian 30Ma d VT Aquitanian 22-24Ma Subduction Accretionary prism Thrusting Synrift basin Normal Oceanic faulting or thin cont. crust Metamorphic core Volcanic complex arc Continental Direction crust of extension Direction of compression Subduction Africa-Europe convergence Thrusting Normal Intraplate faultingalkaline volcanism Subduction-related Metamorphic (Calcalkaline) core complex volcanism pluton Direction of (calcalkaline) extension Direction of compression Africa-Europe convergence Intraplate alkaline volcanism a c Pyrenees Iberia c e ge Africa Europe Prov.? NPFZ? C S B Ca K K NBTZ Africa NBTZ K M-L.Eocene L. Rupelian 30Ma Burdigalian L Ma Rupelian 30Ma? Apulia Burdigalian Tortonian Messinian 20-17Ma 9-5Ma b d d f fh VT VT W. European Rifts Direction of compression Priabonian 35Ma Aquitanian 22-24Ma Africa-Europe convergence Intraplate alkaline volcanism Subduction-related (Calcalkaline) volcanism pluton (calcalkaline) Langhian-E.Serravalian Aquitanian 22-24Ma 15-11Ma 500km Langhian-E.Serravalian L. Pliocene Recent 15-11Ma 2-0Ma c e g NBTZ K L. Rupelian Burdigalian 20-17Ma 30Ma? Tortonian Messinian 9-5Ma d f h VT Aquitanian 22-24Ma Langhian-E.Serravalian 15-11Ma L. Pliocene Recent 2-0Ma Séranne, Subduction-related (Calcalkaline) volcanism 500km pluton (calcalkaline) g Tortonian Messinian h L. Pliocene Recent
14 Back-arc basins (NW Mediterranean) European continent Large terrigenous Sediment flux 1300 C Stretched margin Back-arc basin Volcano-clastic sediment Sardinia Volcanic Arc Roll-back NW Mediterranean Subduction roll-back Séranne
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