II. REGIONAL GEOLOGY
|
|
- Gilbert Blair
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 II. REGIONAL GEOLOGY 2.1. Regional Plate Tectonic Setting The geological history of the East Java basin is closely related to tectonic activity of the Southeast Asia especially the Western Indonesia region. The tectonic activity in this area is believed to be pretty much controlled by interactions of three major plates; Indo-Australia oceanic plate that moves northward; westward moving Philippine-Pacific oceanic plate and the relatively stable Eurasian plate. There are many tectonic models that were trying to explain the complex tectonic history of the area (Figure 2.1); Non Rotational Model- Hamilton, 1979; Indentation Tectonics-Tapponier, 1986; Clockwise Rotation Model-Daly et al., 1991; Counter Clockwise Rotation Model-Hall, 1996, Micro Continent Model-Parkinson et al., 1998; Micro Continent Model-Wakita et al., 1999 and East Java Micro Continent Model-Sribudiyani et al., Figure-2.1: The tectonic models of Southeast Asia and Indonesian region As the consequence, the tectonic evolution of East Java basin is still subject to the ongoing debate as well. However, in general based on those existing tectonic models they can be grouped to two main ideas; the first one suggested II-1
2 that the East Java area is part of the Sundaland from time to time while the second idea mentioned that East Java area is a continental fragment detached from the Gondwana super-continent drifted north-eastward and collided with the eastern margin of Sundaland in Late Cretaceous-Early Eocene. This collision was believed to be one of the tectonic development main controls in this area Basement and Basin Configuration Hamilton (1979) and Barber (1985) mentioned that three types of crust are present in vicinity of Java; continental, intermediate and oceanic crusts. However, there are many opinions about the dominant basement composition floored the East Java Basin, in 1996 Pertamina BPPKA team, drawn a map showing that the East Java basement dominantly composed by oceanic and/or highly extended continental crust. Tognini et al., (2007) mentioned that the basement composition of East Java basin is dominantly comprised of a mélange of low and high grade metamorphic, meta-igneous rocks, slightly metamorphosed sediments, volcanic and rafts of sialic material (Figure-2.2). Figure-2.2. East Java Basin basement composition (Tognini et al. 2007). Meanwhile the un-published Robertson Research study results in 2002 believed that East Java Basin is dominantly floored by micro-continental granitic basement. The same idea has also stated by Sribudiyani et al. (2003). In fact, some II-2
3 of wells in the area penetrated the granitic basement such as: JS8-1, JS44A-1, and NSA-1C proved that the East Java Basin has a strong continental affinity basement. The complex tectonic development in this area controlled the basement grain which influenced the basin trends. In the eastern part of East Java Basin the dominant basement grain is E-W, as can be particularly well observed controlling the Kendeng and Madura Troughs. Another type of basin configuration developed at the collision zone oriented NE-SW, parallel to the direction of the collisional suture along Lok Ulo Meratus Complexes (Sribudiyani et al., 2003). The research area is located in the East-West trending of basement grain structures lineament (Figure-2.3). Figure-2.3: Tectonic elements of East Java Basin (Sribudiyani et al., 2003). East Java basin as a whole encompasses a total area of approximately 250,000 square kilometers onshore and offshore covering East Java and Madura, the Madura Straits and the East Java Sea. To the west, it is bordered by Karimunjawa Arc and Sunda Shelf, to the north by Meratus High, and to the east by Masalembo-Doang High. Java volcanic belt forms the southern boundary. The configuration of basin, basement high and lows are basically controlled by tectonic strain which is different from one area to another. Pertamina-BPPKA team divided the basin into there major distinct structural provinces; Northern II-3
4 Platform, Central High and Southern Basin. The NE Java (Kujung)-Madura- Kangean-Lombok High is grouped as the Central High, The Bawean Arch-JS-1 Ridge-Northern Madura/Kangean platform is defined as the Northern platform and the Rembang-Madura Strait-Lombok Sub-basin is determined as the Southern Basin. Furthermore Sribudiyani et al., in 2003 made a more detailed structural provinces division as it shown in previous figure-2.3. East Java Basin has many different geometric configurations in each area, Pireno and Mudjiono (2001). drawn a map of East Java Basin regional configuration. From this map it can be inferred there are three main Paleogene rift trends in NE-SW, NW-SE and E-W orientation (Figure-2.4a). In the Camar area, Southern Basin area, Central Deep, Lombok sub-basin and etc, those rift or inverted rift geometries were obvious observed. However, this rift geometry is not shown in other part of the basin, such as in area near to the Madura Island, Northern Platform area and etc. As an example, this situation can be seen in a NW SE cross-section reconstruction from Camar area to the Madura Island (Figure-2.4b). Figure-2.4: a. The East Java Basin regional configuration and b. NW-SE crosssection reconstruction from Camar area to Madura Island (Pireno and Mudjiono, 2001). II-4
5 This fact was lead to the multi interpretation about the basin formation mechanism and basin classification, for example Pertamina-BPPKA team (1996) and many others mentioned that the East Java basin is a rift basin while in another hand Robert Hall (2003) stated that it is not a rift basin but a volcano flexural loading basin. The research area is located in so called the Lombok sub-basin, the southeastern portion of East Java Basin. Based on regional mapping of top basement as well as gravity data interpretation, Tognini et al (2007) mentioned that the Bali-Lombok sub-basin is interpreted to be the site of an extremely thick Tertiary depocentre (up to 9000 m) and it is a part of an extensive rift system that developed during Paleocene and Middle Eocene. The author illustrated the architecture of East Java and the Bali-Lombok sub-basin in a long regional cross section and inferred that the basin appears as a series of half graben and basement highs showing a predominantly eastern polarity. The thickest depocentre is located between the Baluran 1 and the ST Alpha-1 wells. The synrift section is thicker in the east but thins out moving westward from the immediate vicinity of Baluran-1 (Figure-2.5). Figure-2.5: The Bali-Lombok sub-basin gravity map (a) and regional crossection (b) (Tognini et al., 2007). II-5
6 2.3. Tectono-stratigraphy of East Java Basin The East Java Basin is an area at the present considered to be a back-arc basin; however the geologic complexity of the basin has lead to the multiinterpretation about the timing of basin initiation, basin formation and development as well as the stratigraphy. Bransden & Matthews (1992) believed that the East Java basin development is started in as a response to plate margin processes since Cretaceous. Their interpretation about the East Java Tectonostratigraphic history (figure 2.6) is summarized as follow; Pre-Tertiary (Megasequence I) Based on outcrop, seismic and well constraints, Bransden & Matthews postulated the important Pre-Tertiary tectonic event in the area as a collision between an East Java Sea micro plate and the southeastern part of the Eurasian Plate occurred in late Cretaceous. This collisional event produced of a widespread heterogeneous accretionary basement complex and followed by some local marginal basins formation deposited the well bedded Upper Cretaceous sediment (Megasequences I). The Upper Cretaceous Sediments (Megasequence I) shown a fairly widespread and thickly developed. The sediments sub-crop the basal Tertiary reflector at a high angle, and internally are well bedded. Numerous wells in the area penetrate highly indurate and thermally over mature (%Ro 1.3 to 1.8) sediments with overall section showing a mud-dominated, with lesser siltstone and some tightly cemented, lithic to sub-lithic sandstone inter-beds. The stratigraphic relationships are unclear; however the broad correlation suggests lower sequences are grey to grey-black in color, with rare late Cretaceous marine microfossils. Several wells penetrate red beds which appear to be higher stratigraphically. Seismic interpretation has not demonstrated stratigraphic breaks in the unit; some well data suggests however that the pre-ngimbang Fm (Phillips, 1991) may represent a separate sequence of possible Tertiary age. The accretionary complex beneath the base of the Tertiary considered as the effectively acoustic basement, whereas the bedded Cretaceous represents economic basement. II-6
7 Paleogene (Megasequence II) Following the accretion of the East Java Sea micro plate during the late Cretaceous, active subduction proceeded around the margin of the newly modified SE Eurasian Plate. The reduction in convergence rate around the SE Eurasian Plate, possibly resulting in subduction roll-back, is a plausible mechanism for back-arc extension around the margins of the SE Eurasian Plate. Localized extension was underway and the onset of rifting occurred in early to mid Eocene (P9/ P10 or older) and rifting was very widespread by late Eocene. During the Paleogene, sedimentation was relatively restricted aerially and concentrated in axial rift zones, with thinner sediment deposited on the relatively stable flanking platforms. The vertical facies development of this sediment is transgressive with a gradation from non-marine (fluvial and ephemeral lacustrine), to coastal plain (frequently with coals), and marginal marine. Ngimbang Clastics is the current litho-stratigraphic term incorporates all Eocene aged clastics followed by the deposition of Ngimbang Carbonate which is currently the only regionally recognizable seismic marker within the Ngimbang Fm Neogene (Megasequence III) The next tectonic even in the region is a collision of the Australian continent with a northerly island arc initiated in the early Miocene. As results, major thrusts were occurred and considered as the principal driving mechanism of inversion in the East Java Sea. The Neogene inversion history is most simply explained by fault movement reversal with the location of the major uplifts reflecting the location of the main Paleogene depocentres, this being a function of the Paleogene fault geometry and linkage. All the Neogene uplift structures currently interpreted can be explained by dominantly dip-slip reverse motion and subsidiary lateral motion on pre-existing Paleogene structures, with local generation of new contractional faults. Neogene s inversion led to a reversal in basin geometry but not polarity (i.e. clastic sediment input remained from the west). Major reverse movement on the controlling faults led to the sediment thick being inverted, and new Neogene depocentres forming to north and south of the inversion zone. These locally have II-7
8 foreland basin geometry, notably in the Madura Strait and Kangean and Lombok Southern Basins, where locally over 6 second TWT of Neogene is developed. Reworking of exposed parts of the inversion trend provided some of the sediment fill. In eastern areas the erosion products were largely mud-prone, whereas in the west some sands may have been reworked. Despite the complex inversion history, the eustatic and sediment supply controls on Neogene basin fill can be resolved from the sequence stratigraphy of more stable areas, such as the northern platforms which remained net-extensional during the inversion phase. Figure-2.6: The East Java basin megasequence chrono-stratigraphy, litho-stratigraphy and petroleum distribution (Bransden & Matthews, 1992) 2.4. Pre-Ngimbang and Ngimbang Formations As mentioned in the previous section, there are many other interpretations which tried to describe the East Java basin development scenario, however based on the literature studies, these differences were mostly triggered by the different point of view about the geology of Pre-Ngimbang and Ngimbang Formations, especially in age of the formation and the differences definition about those formations. II-8
9 Based on some well reports summary, the Pre-Ngimbang age were reported ranging from Cretaceous to Middle Eocene, with sandstones, siltstone, shale, coal, and limestone intercalation as its dominant lithologies. The depositional environment varies from deltaic lacustrine, marginal marine, deltaic, outer shelf and bathyal. While Ngimbang clastic is ranging from Middle to Late Eocene in age, dominated by the sandstone, siltstone, shale, coal, and limestone streak lithologies with the depositional environment varies from the alluvial plain, marginal marine, deltaic, outer shelf and bathyal. Another aspect that leads to the multi-interpretations controversy is the geometries of seismic reflection overlaid directly above the basement which believed to be the Pre-Ngimbang/Ngimbang package. For example in Kangean, Lombok and surrounding area, some of the seismic lines showing a distinctive of highly folded geometry at the lower part were truncated by an angular unconformity on top of it and overlaid by continuous and parallel reflector packages (Figure-2.7). Figure-2.7: The seismic reflection geometries of Pre-Ngimbang/Ngimbang (Modified from Bransden & Matthews, 1992) Those limited well reports and those seismic geometries were used by authors as a basic fact for their interpretations. Some author interpreted those II-9
10 highly folded geometry at the base as part of Pre-Tertiary section, while the top of angular unconformity considered as the top of pre-tertiary section horizon and the sediment above it was consider to be the earliest deposit of the East Java Tertiary basin, called the Pre-Ngimbang (Paleocene sediment) which next overlaid by Ngimbang (Eocene sediment). Another authors defined that the folded-truncated packages as the Pre-Ngimbang unit which is Cretaceous in age and the relative continues-parallel package above is as the Ngimbang Clastic unit. It appears that the dispute about the Pre-Ngimbang and Ngimbang units were because each author has own definition about those formation. Indeed, there is still considerable uncertainty regarding the existence and distribution of the Pre-Ngimbang sediment throughout the East Java area since up to now the Paleogene geologic information in this area were scare; there is no Pre-Ngimbang outcrop present anywhere in East Java, in addition the seismic and well data are also limited (Sribudiyani et. al, 2003). However, refers back to the history of the Pre-Ngimbang term, Harper in 1989 defined the Pre-Ngimbang Formation as: The Paleocene to middle Eocene Pre-Ngimbang Formation of the Northern Platform-Central High in the Kangean and Sepanjang PSC s comprises a sequence of sandstone, siltstones and shales which uncomformably overlies Cretaceous basement and is unconformably overlain by the Late Eocene Ngimbang Clastics. This is the earliest documented Tertiary sediments in this region and it is defined as synrift deposits which mostly consist of inter-bedded thin sands and shales, with some coals. The Fluvial-deltaic clastics part filled in depositional lows, approximately during Paleocene-Middle Eocene time. It overlies unconformably the Cretaceous but generally absent on Cretaceous paleo-highs (Pertamina-BPPKA, 1996). In the eastern of the East Java Basin, the top of the Pre-Ngimbang is picked typically at the base of the last clean sand of the Ngimbang Clastics and the base by a sharp jump in vitrinite values from 0.5 to 1.2 and greater and by an angular unconformity recognized from dipmeter (Phillips, et. al., 1991; op.cit. Pertamina-BPPKA, 1996). II-10
Sedimentary Cycle Best Practice: Potential Eo-Oligocene Sediments in Western Indonesia*
Sedimentary Cycle Best Practice: Potential Eo-Oligocene Sediments in Western Indonesia* Mellinda Arisandy 1 and I Wayan Darma 1 Search and Discovery Article #11008 (2017)** Posted November 6, 2017 *Adapted
More informationChapter 3. Geology & Tectonics
Chapter 3 Geology & Tectonics 3.1 Geology The general geological features of Indonesia are shown in Figure 3.1. The basement formation is metamorphic and it is intruded with plutonic formations. They are
More informationBALOCHISTAN FOLDBELT BASIN
INTRODUCTION BALOCHISTAN FOLDBELT BASIN The Kharan-3 block is located in the Kharan Trough of Balochistan Basin. GEOLOGICAL SETTING The Balochistan Province is an Upper Cretaceous to Recent structurally
More informationDATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
III. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 3.1. Rift Geometry Identification Based on recent analysis of modern and ancient rifts, many previous workers concluded that the basic structural unit of continental
More informationStratigraphic Plays in Active Margin Basin: Fluvio-Deltaic Reservoir Distribution in Ciputat Half Graben, Northwest Java Basin*
Stratigraphic Plays in Active Margin Basin: Fluvio-Deltaic Reservoir Distribution in Ciputat Half Graben, Northwest Java Basin* Ary Wahyu Wibowo 1, Astri Pujianto 1, Wisnu Hindadari 1, Arief Wahidin Soedjono
More information7 Sedimentation and tectonics at a mid- Ordovician to Silurian active margin
80 Mountain Building in Scotland 7 Sedimentation and tectonics at a mid- Ordovician to Silurian active margin 7.1 Introduction In mid-ordovician to Silurian times, the Grampian mountains underwent exhumation,
More informationI. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background and Problem Statement
I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background and Problem Statement The declining of global oil and gas reserves has encouraged the exploration campaign to both the frontier area and the revisit to the mature basins.
More informationDepositional History and Petroleum Potential of Ombilin Basin, West Sumatra - Indonesia, Based on Surface Geological Data*
Depositional History and Petroleum Potential of Ombilin Basin, West Sumatra - Indonesia, Based on Surface Geological Data* Yahdi Zaim 1, Litto Habrianta 2, Chalid I. Abdullah 1, Aswan 1, Yan Rizal 1, Nurcahyo
More informationHorizontal Well Injector/Producer Pair Platong Field, Pattani Basin, Thailand*
Horizontal Well Injector/Producer Pair Platong Field, Pattani Basin, Thailand* Abhiphat Pakdeesirote 1, Sonchawan Ackagosol 3, Sarayoot Geena 3, Nualjun Kitvarayut 3, Kenneth Lewis 2, Tom Tran 3, Nancy
More informationGlobal Tectonics. Kearey, Philip. Table of Contents ISBN-13: Historical perspective. 2. The interior of the Earth.
Global Tectonics Kearey, Philip ISBN-13: 9781405107778 Table of Contents Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Historical perspective. 1.1 Continental drift. 1.2 Sea floor spreading and the birth of plate tectonics.
More informationBlocks 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 & 36/03 Southeast Offshore Vietnam
Blocks 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 & 36/03 Southeast Offshore Vietnam Block 31 32 33 34 35 36/03 Area (km 2) 5,036 4,440 4,630 4,700 4,630 2,950 Sea level (m) 20 20-30 30-40 50 50 50 Seismic 2D (km) 1,294 685 431
More informationContinental Margin Geology of Korea : Review and constraints on the opening of the East Sea (Japan Sea)
Continental Margin Geology of Korea : Review and constraints on the opening of the East Sea (Japan Sea) Han-Joon Kim Marine Satellite & Observation Tech. Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute
More informationThe Mesozoic. Wednesday, November 30, 11
The Mesozoic Periods of the Mesozoic Triassic- First period of the Mesozoic era Jurassic Cretaceous- Last period of the Mesozoic era Breakup of Pangaea Stage one (Triassic) Rifting and volcanism, normal
More informationEvolution of Continents Chapter 20
Evolution of Continents Chapter 20 Does not contain complete lecture notes. Mountain belts Orogenesis the processes that collectively produce a mountain belt Includes folding, thrust faulting, metamorphism,
More informationA) B) C) D) 4. Which diagram below best represents the pattern of magnetic orientation in the seafloor on the west (left) side of the ocean ridge?
1. Crustal formation, which may cause the widening of an ocean, is most likely occurring at the boundary between the A) African Plate and the Eurasian Plate B) Pacific Plate and the Philippine Plate C)
More informationControls on clastic systems in the Angoche basin, Mozambique: tectonics, contourites and petroleum systems
P2-2-13 Controls on clastic systems in the Angoche basin, Mozambique: tectonics, contourites and petroleum systems Eva Hollebeek, Olivia Osicki, Duplo Kornpihl Schlumberger, London, UK Introduction Offshore
More informationFOOT OF THE CONTINENTAL SLOPE IN ARTICLE 76
FOOT OF THE CONTINENTAL SLOPE IN ARTICLE 76 Vaughan Stagpoole, Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, v.stagpoole@gns.cri.nz Ray Wood, Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences,
More informationChapter 10: Deformation and Mountain Building. Fig. 10.1
Chapter 10: Deformation and Mountain Building Fig. 10.1 OBJECTIVES Describe the processes of rock deformation and compare and contrast ductile and brittle behavior in rocks. Explain how strike and dip
More informationEGAS. Ministry of Petroleum
EGAS Ministry of Petroleum EGAS Ministry of Petroleum About The Block Location: N. El Arish offshore block is located in the extreme eastern part of the Egypt s economic water border and bounded from the
More informationNorth America subducted under Rubia. Are there modern analogs for Hildebrand s model of North America subducting under Rubia?
North America subducted under Rubia Are there modern analogs for Hildebrand s model of North America subducting under Rubia? In the Geological Society of America Special Papers Did Westward Subduction
More informationPre-Feasibility Report
Pre-Feasibility Report Project Details: The Block MB-OSN-2005/1 is a Saurashtra shallow water block situated between GS-OSN- 2003/1(NELP-V) in the west, C-37/C-43 PEL in the east and Saurashtra - Dahanu
More informationStrike-Slip Faults. ! Fault motion is parallel to the strike of the fault.
Strike-Slip Faults! Fault motion is parallel to the strike of the fault.! Usually vertical, no hanging-wall/footwall blocks.! Classified by the relative sense of motion. " Right lateral opposite block
More informationPlate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth
Plate Tectonics Structure of the Earth The Earth can be considered as being made up of a series of concentric spheres, each made up of materials that differ in terms of composition and mechanical properties.
More informationGLY 155 Introduction to Physical Geology, W. Altermann. Press & Siever, compressive forces. Compressive forces cause folding and faulting.
Press & Siever, 1995 compressive forces Compressive forces cause folding and faulting. faults 1 Uplift is followed by erosion, which creates new horizontal surface. lava flows Volcanic eruptions cover
More informationMUHAMMAD S TAMANNAI, DOUGLAS WINSTONE, IAN DEIGHTON & PETER CONN, TGS Nopec Geological Products and Services, London, United Kingdom
Geological and Geophysical Evaluation of Offshore Morondava Frontier Basin based on Satellite Gravity, Well and regional 2D Seismic Data Interpretation MUHAMMAD S TAMANNAI, DOUGLAS WINSTONE, IAN DEIGHTON
More information12. The diagram below shows the collision of an oceanic plate and a continental plate.
Review 1. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below, which shows the boundary between two lithospheric plates. Point X is a location in the continental lithosphere. The depth
More informationSeismic stratigraphy, some examples from Indian Ocean, interpretation of reflection data in interactive mode
Seismic stratigraphy, some examples from Indian Ocean, interpretation of reflection data in interactive mode K. S. Krishna National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004. krishna@nio.org Seismic
More informationChapter 02 The Sea Floor
Chapter 02 The Sea Floor Multiple Choice Questions 1. One of the following is not one of the world's major ocean basins: A. Atlantic Ocean B. Arctic Ocean C. Indian Ocean D. Antarctic Ocean E. Pacific
More informationEGAS. Ministry of Petroleum
EGAS Ministry of Petroleum EGAS Ministry of Petroleum About The Block Location: N. Thekah offshore block is located at about 56 km to the north of the Mediterranean shore line, 85 km to the north west
More informationSEDIMENTARY BASINS BASIN TYPES ACCORDING TO TECTONIC. by Prof. Dr. Abbas Mansour
SEDIMENTARY BASINS BASIN TYPES ACCORDING TO TECTONIC by Prof. Dr. Abbas Mansour B. Convergent plate margins 10. STABLE CONTINENTAL INTERIOR BASIN E.g. Lake Eyre Basin Intracratonic (= within stable continental
More informationStructural Styles and Geotectonic Elements in Northwestern Mississippi: Interpreted from Gravity, Magnetic, and Proprietary 2D Seismic Data
Structural Styles and Geotectonic Elements in Northwestern Mississippi: Interpreted from Gravity, Magnetic, and Proprietary 2D Seismic Data Nick Loundagin 1 and Gary L. Kinsland 2 1 6573 W. Euclid Pl.,
More informationPetroleum geology framework, West Coast offshore region
Petroleum geology framework, West Coast offshore region James W. Haggart* Geological Survey of Canada, Vancouver, BC jhaggart@nrcan.gc.ca James R. Dietrich Geological Survey of Canada, Calgary, AB and
More informationSAND DISTRIBUTION AND RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS NORTH JAMJUREE FIELD, PATTANI BASIN, GULF OF THAILAND
SAND DISTRIBUTION AND RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS NORTH JAMJUREE FIELD, PATTANI BASIN, GULF OF THAILAND Benjawan KIinkaew Petroleum Geoscience Program, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
More informationBasin Analysis. Stra-graphy
Basin Analysis Stra-graphy Basin Analysis Basin analysis integrates program sedimentological, stra-graphic, and tectonic principals to develop a full understanding of the rocks that fill sedimentary basins.
More informationRegional Paleogeography and Implications for Petroleum Prospectivity, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand*
Regional Paleogeography and Implications for Petroleum Prospectivity, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand* Dominic P. Strogen 1, Kyle J. Bland 1, Jan R. Baur 1,2, and Peter R. King 1 Search and Discovery Article
More informationStructural Geology of the Mountains
Structural Geology of the Mountains Clinton R. Tippett Shell Canada Limited, Calgary, Alberta clinton.tippett@shell.ca INTRODUCTION The Southern Rocky Mountains of Canada (Figure 1) are made up of several
More informationThe Lithosphere and the Tectonic System. The Structure of the Earth. Temperature 3000º ºC. Mantle
The Lithosphere and the Tectonic System Objectives: Understand the structure of the planet Earth Review the geologic timescale as a point of reference for the history of the Earth Examine the major relief
More informationBulletin of Earth Sciences of Thailand
Quantitative Seismic Geomorphology of Early Miocene to Pleistocene Fluvial System of Northern Songkhla Basin, Gulf of Thailand Oanh Thi Tran Petroleum Geoscience Program, Department of Geology, Faculty
More informationSequence Stratigraphy. Historical Perspective
Sequence Stratigraphy Historical Perspective Sequence Stratigraphy Sequence Stratigraphy is the subdivision of sedimentary basin fills into genetic packages bounded by unconformities and their correlative
More informationPetroleum Potential of the Application Area L12-4
Petroleum Potential of the Application Area L12-4 The Application Area (L12-4) is underlain by the western Officer Basin, beneath the Gunbarrel Basin. The general basin architecture is outlined in Figure
More informationBulletin of Earth Sciences of Thailand. Controls on Reservoir Geometry and Distribution, Tantawan Field, Gulf of Thailand.
Controls on Reservoir Geometry and Distribution, Tantawan Field, Gulf of Thailand Atchara Praidee Petroleum Geoscience Program, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok
More informationOIL INDIA LIMITED, GEOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT, DULIAJAN, ASSAM.
J. P. Singh, M. K. Gupta & Akshaya Kumar, Oil India Limited, Duliajan. jpsingh@oilindia.in Summary Oil exploration in Upper Assam commenced with the discovery of the Digboi oilfield more than 100 years
More informationFluvial-Estuarine and Deltaic Reservoirs, Shelf Margin Delta and Slope Reservoir Characteristics Philip Sedore 2015
Fluvial-Estuarine and Deltaic Reservoirs, Shelf Margin Delta and Slope Reservoir Characteristics Philip Sedore 2015 Introduction The offshore Columbus Basin and the onshore Southern Basin of Trinidad are
More informationBiostratigraphic and Lithostratigraphic Correlation of Sedimentary Strata in the Atlantic Coastal Plain
Biostratigraphic and Lithostratigraphic Correlation of Sedimentary Strata in the Atlantic Coastal Plain Introduction to the Atlantic Coastal Plain (Please read this page prior to doing the lab) The Atlantic
More informationGeology 300, Physical Geology Spring 2019 Quiz Ch 19, Plate Tectonics Name
Geology 300, Physical Geology Spring 2019 Quiz Ch 19, Plate Tectonics Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The portion of a fracture
More informationCopyright McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education
Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education Tibetan Plateau and Himalaya -southern Asia 11.00.a VE 10X
More informationCrustal Activity. Plate Tectonics - Plates - Lithosphere - Asthenosphere - Earth s surface consists of a major plates and some minor ones
Name: Date: Period: Tectonics The Physical Setting: Earth Science CLASS NOTES Tectonics - s - Lithosphere - Asthenosphere - Earth s surface consists of a major plates and some minor ones The plates are
More informationAnswers: Internal Processes and Structures (Isostasy)
Answers: Internal Processes and Structures (Isostasy) 1. Analyse the adjustment of the crust to changes in loads associated with volcanism, mountain building, erosion, and glaciation by using the concept
More informationMesozoic Earth History
Mesozoic Earth History The Mesozoic Era 251-66 MYA Breakup of Pangea Changes in air and oceanic currents Evolution of new terrestrial and marine life Opening of the Atlantic Ocean Basin Rocky Mountains
More informationRevised reservoir model for the Paleocene mounds of the Utsira High, North Sea, Norway John Wild (1) & Nowell Briedis (2)
Revised reservoir model for the Paleocene mounds of the Utsira High, North Sea, Norway John Wild (1) & Nowell Briedis (2) (1) Mobil North Sea LLC (2) Esso Exploration & Production Norway A/S (ExxonMobil
More informationGeology (Mellow) Hike, Santa Lucia Memorial Park February 16, I. Overview of Santa Lucia Range geology and tectonic history
Geology (Mellow) Hike, Santa Lucia Memorial Park February 16, 2015 I. Overview of Santa Lucia Range geology and tectonic history A. Basement Rocks 1. Salinian Block Rocks Sierra Nevada Type, continental
More informationBulletin of Earth Sciences of Thailand. Evaluation of the Petroleum Systems in the Lanta-Similan Area, Northern Pattani Basin, Gulf of Thailand
Evaluation of the Petroleum Systems in the Lanta-Similan Area, Northern Pattani Basin, Gulf of Thailand Sirajum Munira Petroleum Geoscience Program, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
More informationA TRIP THROUGH VIRGINIA GEOLOGY FROM AN ENGINEER S PERSPECTIVE
A TRIP THROUGH VIRGINIA GEOLOGY FROM AN ENGINEER S PERSPECTIVE Bob Moss, PE Principal Engineer ECS Mid Atlantic, LLC The Engineer Parent WHY IS AN UNDERSTANDING OF LOCAL GEOLOGY IMPORTANT? It provides
More informationContinental Landscapes
Continental Landscapes Landscape influenced by tectonics, climate & differential weathering Most landforms developed within the last 2 million years System moves toward an equilibrium Continental Landscapes
More informationSection 2: How Mountains Form
Section 2: How Mountains Form Preview Objectives Mountain Ranges and Systems Plate Tectonics and Mountains Types of Mountains Objectives Identify the types of plate collisions that form mountains. Identify
More informationThe tectonic evolution history of Borneo is complicated and had been hotly debated
Chapter 2: General Geology & Structure 2.1 REGIONAL GEOLOGY The tectonic evolution history of Borneo is complicated and had been hotly debated by different geologists such as C.S. Hutchison (2005), and
More information2.1. Central Indus Basin:
14 2.1. Central Indus Basin: Research area lies in the Central Indus Basin of Pakistan. Central Indus Basin may be divided into following broad tectonic divisions from east to west (Kadri, 1995) (1) Punjab
More informationThe Kingfisher Field, Uganda - A Bird in the Hand! S R Curd, R Downie, P C Logan, P Holley Heritage Oil plc *
A Bird in the Hand! EXTENDED ABSTRACT The Kingfisher Field, Uganda - A Bird in the Hand! Heritage Oil plc * The Kingfisher Field lies on Uganda s western border beneath Lake Albert, situated in the western
More information3. PLATE TECTONICS LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: PLATES
LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: PLATES 3. PLATE TECTONICS The outer layers of the Earth are divided into the lithosphere and asthenosphere. The division is based on differences in mechanical properties
More informationPlate Tectonics Tutoiral. Questions. Teacher: Mrs. Zimmerman. Plate Tectonics and Mountains Practice Test
Teacher: Mrs. Zimmerman Print Close Plate Tectonics and Mountains Practice Test Plate Tectonics Tutoiral URL: http://www.hartrao.ac.za/geodesy/tectonics.html Questions 1. Fossils of organisms that lived
More informationDynamic Crust Practice
1. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section represents the distance and age of ocean-floor bedrock found on both sides
More informationStructural Evolution of Banda Arc, Eastern Indonesia: As a Future Indonesian Main Oil and Gas Development*
Structural Evolution of Banda Arc, Eastern Indonesia: As a Future Indonesian Main Oil and Gas Development* Zaenal Holis 1, Agung Shirly Ponkarn 2, Agung Gunawan 2, Shinta Damayanti 2, and Brahmantyo K.
More informationRed Sea Basins. by Prof. Dr. Abbas Mansour
Red Sea Basins TECTONO-SEDIMENTARY EVOLUTION OF THE NW PARTS OF THE RED SEA The pre-rift rift by Prof. Dr. Abbas Mansour 1.a. The Precambrian basement and the inherited structural pattern of the rift
More informationBeneath our Feet: The 4 Layers of the Earty by Kelly Hashway
Beneath our Feet: The 4 Layers of the Earty by Kelly Hashway The Earth is more than a giant ball made up of dirt, rocks, and minerals. The Earth may look like a giant ball from when looking at it from
More informationcaribbean basins, tectonics and hydrocarbons university of texas institute for geophysics
Copyright by Trevor John Aitken 2005 CENOZOIC STRATIGRAPHIC AND TECTONIC HISTORY OF THE GRENADA AND TOBAGO BASINS AS DETERMINED FROM MARINE SEISMIC DATA, WELLS, AND ONLAND GEOLOGY by Trevor John Aitken,
More informationStructural Style and Tectonic Evolution of the Nakhon Basin, Gulf of Thailand
Structural Style and Tectonic Evolution of the Nakhon Basin, Gulf of Thailand Piyaphong Chenrai Petroleum Geoscience Program, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok
More informationConvergent plate boundaries. Objective to be able to explain the formation and key features of these zones.
Convergent plate boundaries Objective to be able to explain the formation and key features of these zones. Destructive plate margins When plates collide due to convection currents/slab pull in the asthenosphere
More information6. In the diagram below, letters A and B represent locations near the edge of a continent.
1. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section represents the distance and age of ocean-floor bedrock found on both sides
More informationStructure of the western Brooks Range fold and thrust belt, Arctic Alaska
Trabajos de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, 29 : 218-222 (2009) Structure of the western Brooks Range fold and thrust belt, Arctic Alaska J. DE VERA 1* AND K. MCCLAY 2 1Now at: Shell, Rijswijk, Netherlands.
More information1. Name at least one place that the mid-atlantic Ridge is exposed above sea level.
Interpreting Tectonic and Bathymetric Maps. The purpose of this lab is to provide experience interpreting the bathymetry of the seafloor in terms of tectonic and geologic settings and processes. Use the
More informationSection 10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions This section discusses volcanic eruptions, types of volcanoes, and other volcanic landforms.
Chapter 10 Section 10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions This section discusses volcanic eruptions, types of volcanoes, and other volcanic landforms. Reading Strategy Previewing Before you read the section,
More informationPlate Tectonics: A Unifying Theory
Plate Tectonics: A Unifying Theory What is Plate Tectonics? - 7 large tectonic plates and many smaller ones that break up the lithosphere - Plates are brittle and float on asthenosphere and glide past
More informationPractice Questions: Plate Tectonics
Practice Questions: Plate Tectonics 1. Base your answer to the following question on The block diagram below shows the boundary between two tectonic plates. Which type of plate boundary is shown? A) divergent
More informationMaturity Modeling of Gomin and South Gomin fields Southern Pattani Basin, Gulf of Thailand
Maturity Modeling of Gomin and South Gomin fields Southern Pattani Basin, Gulf of Thailand Patinya Jaithan Petroleum Geoscience Program, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University,
More informationMinistry of Oil and Minerals Petroleum Exploration & Production Authority BLOCK 6 (Iryam)
Ministry of Oil and Minerals Petroleum Exploration & Production Authority BLOCK 6 (Iryam) The Iryam Block (6) occupies an area of 3,911 km 2 in the Sabatayn Basin in the province of Shabwah in central
More informationA comparison of structural styles and prospectivity along the Atlantic margin from Senegal to Benin. Peter Conn*, Ian Deighton* & Dario Chisari*
A comparison of structural styles and prospectivity along the Atlantic margin from Senegal to Benin Overview Peter Conn*, Ian Deighton* & Dario Chisari* * TGS, Millbank House, Surbiton, UK, KT6 6AP The
More informationBefore Plate Tectonics: Theory of Continental Drift
Before Plate Tectonics: Theory of Continental Drift Predecessor to modern plate tectonics Shape and fit of the continents was the initial evidence Snider-Pelligrini (1858) Taylor (1908) Wegner (1915) Fig.
More informationMinistry of Oil and Minerals Petroleum Exploration & Production Authority BLOCK 85 (Al Uqlah North)
Ministry of Oil and Minerals Petroleum Exploration & Production Authority BLOCK 85 (Al Uqlah North) The Al Uqlah North Block (85) occupies an area of 597 km 2 in the Sabatayn Basin in the province of Shabwah
More informationRelinquishment Report. for. Licence P1605, Block 220/27
Relinquishment Report for Licence P1605, Block 220/27 November 2013 Licence P.1605 Relinquishment Report August 2012 1 of 11 CONTENT 1 Introduction 2 - Exploration Summary 2.1 Exploration Activity 2.2
More informationThe Sea Floor. Chapter 2
The Sea Floor Chapter 2 Geography of the Ocean Basins World ocean is the predominant feature on the Earth in total area Northern Hemisphere = 61% of the total area is ocean. Southern Hemisphere = about
More informationFigure 1 Extensional and Transform Fault Interaction, Influence on the Upper Cretaceous Hydrocarbon System, Equatorial Margin, West Africa.
Figure 1 Extensional and Transform Fault Interaction, Influence on the Upper Cretaceous Hydrocarbon System, Equatorial Margin, West Africa. Presented to the 10th PESGB/HGS Conference on Africa E + P September
More informationEvaluation of Neocomian Shale source rock In Komombo Basin, Upper Egypt
Evaluation of Neocomian Shale source rock In Komombo Basin, Upper Egypt Abdelhady, A. 1, Darwish, M. 2, El Araby, A. 3 and Hassouba, A. 4 1 DEA Egypt, Cairo, Egypt 2 Geology Department, Faculty of Science,
More informationTHE NORTH SUMATERA BASIN : GEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK & PETROLEUM SYSTEM REVIEW
THE NORTH SUMATERA BASIN : GEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK & PETROLEUM SYSTEM REVIEW By the Delegation of Indonesia : Bambang Wicaksono TM* Jonathan Setyoko H* Hermes Panggabean** * Lemigas ** PSG Krabi, 12-15 May
More informationPlate Tectonics. entirely rock both and rock
Plate Tectonics I. Tectonics A. Tectonic Forces are forces generated from within Earth causing rock to become. B. 1. The study of the origin and arrangement of Earth surface including mountain belts, continents,
More informationHydrocarbon Exploration of Mesozoic in Kutch Offshore Area
6 th International Conference & Exposition on Petroleum Geophysics Kolkata 2006 Hydrocarbon Exploration of Mesozoic in Kutch Offshore Area Ram Krishna Singh 1, R.C. Agrawalla 2, D. P. Verma 3, A. K. Goel
More informationTopic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice
Name: Topic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice 1. Earth s outer core is best inferred to be A) liquid, with an average density of approximately 4 g/cm 3 B) liquid, with an average density of approximately 11
More informationSouth Pyrenean foreland basin
South Pyrenean foreland basin 1 7 South Pyrenean foreland basin 1 8 South-Pyrenean Foreland basin S N Fore-bulge deformation Piggy-back B. Thrust nappes Basement Vergés & al, 2002 decollement Syntectonic
More informationNAME HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT #4 MATERIAL COVERS CHAPTERS 19, 20, 21, & 2
NAME HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT #4 MATERIAL COVERS CHAPTERS 19, 20, 21, & 2 Assignment is due the beginning of the class period on December 14, 2004. Mark answers on a scantron sheet, which will be provided.
More informationBasin & Range / Mojave Desert
Basin & Range / Mojave Desert Basin & Range vs. Great Basin 1 2/20/2016 An overview of the last horst Basin and Range / Mojave Desert Summary: Granitic, volcanic, marine sedimentary, non marine sedimentary,
More informationCaptain s Tryouts 2017
Captain s Tryouts 2017 Dynamic Planet Test Written by: Araneesh Pratap (Chattahoochee High School) Name: Date: Answer all questions on the answer sheet. Point values are given next to each question or
More informationPROCEEDINGS, INDONESIAN PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION Twenty Seventh Annual Convention & Exhibition, October 1999
IPA99-G-046 PROCEEDINGS, INDONESIAN PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION Twenty Seventh Annual Convention & Exhibition, October 1999 THE CENOZOIC EVOLUTION OF THE LARIANG AND KARAMA BASINS, SULAWESI Stephen J. Calvert*
More informationGeology of the Batemans Bay region. Geological evolution. The Lachlan Orogen
Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 1 The word orogen is derived from the ancient Greek language word for mountain building. The Lachlan Orogen The rocks exposed in the Batemans Bay are part of the geological
More informationBlock 43B - Onshore Oman
Block 43B - Onshore Oman SUMMARY Block 43B is an 11,967 km 2 area located along the coastal area of Oman north of the Hajar Mountains. This is an unexplored region, both geographically and stratigraphically.
More informationSeismic Stratigraphy of the Fang Basin, Chiang Mai, Thailand Rungsun Nuntajun
Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2009; 36(1) 77 Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2009; 36(1) : 77-82 www.science.cmu.ac.th/journal-science/josci.html Contributed Paper Seismic Stratigraphy of the Fang Basin, Chiang Mai, Thailand
More informationMountain Building. Mountain Building
Mountain Building Mountain building has occurred during the recent geologic past American Cordillera the western margin of the Americas from Cape Horn to Alaska Includes the Andes and Rocky Mountains Alpine
More informationPlate Tectonics Lab II: Background Information
Plate Tectonics Lab II: Background Information This lab is based on a UW ESS101 Lab. Note: Hand in only the Answer Sheet at the back of this guide to your Instructor Introduction One of the more fundamental
More informationDeepwater Niger Delta fold-and-thrust belt modeled as a critical-taper wedge: The influence of a weak detachment on styles of fault-related folds
Deepwater Niger Delta fold-and-thrust belt modeled as a critical-taper wedge: The influence of a weak detachment on styles of fault-related folds Frank Bilotti 1, Chris Guzofski 1, John H. Shaw 2 1 Chevron
More informationPlay fairway mapping in the Northeast Atlantic Margin Comparison between mature and immature basins. David Mudge, Joanne Cranswick
Play fairway mapping in the Northeast Atlantic Margin Comparison between mature and immature basins David Mudge, Joanne Cranswick Contents Ternan North Sea Play fairway mapping Tertiary case study Northeast
More informationANOTHER MEXICAN EARTHQUAKE! Magnitude 7.1, Tuesday Sept. 19, 2017
ANOTHER MEXICAN EARTHQUAKE! Magnitude 7.1, Tuesday Sept. 19, 2017 Why is there no oceanic crust older than 200 million years? SUBDUCTION If new oceanic crust is being continuously created along the earth
More informationAs compaction and cementation of these sediments eventually occur, which area will become siltstone? A) A B) B C) C D) D
1. A student obtains a cup of quartz sand from a beach. A saltwater solution is poured into the sand and allowed to evaporate. The mineral residue from the saltwater solution cements the sand grains together,
More information