Earth Science, (Tarbuck/Lutgens) Chapter 10: Mountain Building

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1 Earth Science, (Tarbuck/Lutgens) Chapter 10: Mountain Building 1) A(n) fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks. A) stick slip B) oblique slip C) strike slip D) dip slip 2) In a(n) fault, the hanging wall block moves up with respect to the footwall block. A) normal B) inverse C) reverse D) abnormal 3) In thrust faulting,. A) grabens develop on the footwall block B) the crust is shortened and thickened C) horizontal, tensional stresses drive the deformation D) the hanging wall block slips downward along the thrust fault 4) A graben is characterized by. A) a hanging wall block that has moved up between two reverse faults B) a footwall block that has moved up between two normal faults C) a hanging wall block that has moved down between two normal faults D) a footwall block that has moved down between two reverse faults 5) The mountains and valleys of the Basin and Range Province of the western United States formed in response to. A) strike- slip faulting and hanging wall block uplifts B) reverse faults and large displacement, thrust faulting C) tensional stresses and normal- fault movements D) normal faulting and horizontal compression 6) In a normal fault. A) the hanging wall block below an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block B) the footwall block below an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block C) the hanging wall block above an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block D) the footwall block above an inclined fault plane moves upward relative to the other block 1

2 7) A thrust fault is best described as. A) a steeply inclined, oblique- slip fault B) a low- angle, reverse fault C) a vertical, normal fault D) a near vertical, strike- slip fault 8) A horst is. A) an uplifted block bounded by two normal faults B) a downdropped block bounded by two reverse faults C) an uplifted block bounded by two reverse faults D) a downdropped block bounded by two normal faults 9) A syncline is. A) a fold in which the strata dip away from the axis B) a fold with only one limb C) a fold in which the strata dip toward the axis D) a fold characterized by recumbent limbs 10) The Black Hills of South Dakota are a good example of a(n). A) anticline B) syncline C) basin D) dome 11) Large circular downwarped structures are called. A) anticlines B) synclines C) basins D) domes 12) Tensional forces normally cause which one of the following? A) strike- slip faults B) reverse faults C) normal faults D) thrust faults 13) The in California is the boundary between the North American and Pacific plates. A) Sierra Nevada frontal fault B) San Andreas strike- slip fault C) San Luis Obispo thrust fault D) San Francisco normal fault 2

3 14) A(n) is a thick accumulation of sediments and small, tectonic blocks formed of material scraped off a descending, lithospheric plate. A) mass movement complex B) continental shelf, terrain complex C) accretionary- wedge complex D) subterranean- accumulation complex 15) The Sierra Nevada, California, and Teton, Wyoming, ranges are examples of. A) fault blocks uplifted by late Tertiary to Quaternary normal faulting B) folding, compression, and thickening of Paleozoic strata in Jurassic time C) isostatic uplift of crust overthickened in early Paleozoic time D) uplifted blocks bounded by Quaternary reverse faults 16) A good example of a present- day, passive continental margin is the. A) north flank of the East Pacific Rise B) west coast of South America C) east coast of the Japanese Islands D) east coast of North America 17) The are a geologically old mountain range folded and deformed during the Paleozoic. A) Cascades in the northwestern United States B) Rockies in the western United States C) Appalachians in the eastern United States D) Alps in Europe 18) The term refers specifically to geologic mountain building. A) orogneisses B) orogenesis C) orthogeny D) orthogonal 19) The is (are) characterized by terrane accretion that has been active throughout most of Mesozoic and Cenozoic time. A) western margin of Africa B) southern margins of India and Australia C) western margin of North America D) western margin of the Mid- Atlantic Ridge 20) Folded limestones that occur high in the Himalayas were originally deposited as sediments in a. A) marine basin between India and Eurasia B) Cenozoic fault basin between Africa and Arabia C) deep ocean trench along the southern margin of India D) late Paleozoic syncline north of the Tibetan Plateau 3

4 21) The concept that rocks of the crust and upper mantle are floating in gravitational balance is known as. A) isotropy B) isostasy C) isobration D) isomonism 22) Which one of the following is an example of an isostatic movement? A) stream downcutting following a drop in sea level B) arching of strata at the center of a dome C) numerous aftershocks associated with deep- focus earthquakes D) uplift of areas recently covered by thick, continental ice sheets 23) In a reverse fault, the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block. 24) Normal faults form in response to horizontal, tensional stresses that stretch or elongate the rocks. 25) Basin and range topography, like that in the western and southwestern United States, indicates that compressive folding is active today or was active very recently, geologically speaking. 26) Plastic deformation occurs more readily in warm rock than in cool rock. 27) Horizontal, compressive deformation involves shortening and thickening of the crust. 28) Accretionary wedges develop along subduction zones where sediments and other rocks are scraped off a descending plate and piled against the leading edge of the overriding plate. 29) Fractures in rock that have not involved any fault slippage are called joints. 30) A(n) syncline has strata on both limbs dipping inward toward the axis. 4

5 31) Michigan is located in a basin. 32) A normal fault develops in response to horizontal, compressional stresses in crustal rocks. 33) A circular to elliptical structure developed by downwarping of the central strata is a dome. 34) The east coast of North America is a good example of an active tectonic margin. 35) The Appalachian Mountains in North America were formed by a continent- continent collision in the Paleozoic. 5

Essentials of Geology, 11e

Essentials of Geology, 11e Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building Chapter 17 Instructor Jennifer Barson Spokane Falls Community College Geology 101 Stanley Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Jennifer