Wednesday October 22, VIII The Spread of Homo sapiens sapiens E. Colonization of the New World IX Broad Spectrum Hunting and Gathering
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1 Wednesday October 22, 2014 VIII The Spread of Homo sapiens sapiens E. Colonization of the New World IX Broad Spectrum Hunting and Gathering
2 1-2 paragraph Summary On the Human Prehistory Part of the Film Due Nov. 3 in Class
3 Controversial Issues Related to Colonization of the New World
4 Alternative Routes of Entry: Coastal Corridor (Paleocoastal) Clovis Hunters via The Ice Free Corridor Coastal Route Interior Route
5 Stanford and Bradley: Colonization from Europe?
6 Solutrean Tools Europe 17,000 BP
7 Paul S. Martin and the Pleistocene Overkill Hypothesis Or Blitzkreig
8 Alternative: Terminal Pleistocene Climate Change (warming) PLEISTOCENE HOLOCENE
9 Also: Combined Overkill and Climate Warming
10 Extraterrestrial Impact in northern North America 12,900 years ago? Roy Firestone et al. 2007, Douglas and James Kennett
11 Terminal Pleistocene Climate Change Younger Dryas= 12,900-11,500 BP PLEISTOCENE HOLOCENE
12 Other Impact Events: Tunguska 1908 eastern Russia
13 An estimated 80 million trees over 830 square miles
14 K-T Impact 65 million years ago (Cretaceous-Tertiary) Crater 110 miles across
15 Evidence for the YDB Impact: The Black Mat, Murray Springs Arizona BLACK MAT 12,900 B.P. 13,000 B.P.
16 The Coastal Route: Late Pleistocene Sites on the California Coast Avila Beach Point Arguello Santa Barbara Point Conception Ventura San Miguel Island Arlington Canyon Santa Cruz Island Anacapa Island Santa Rosa Island N
17 The nanodiamonds that we found at all six locations exist only in sediments associated with the Younger Dryas Boundary layers, not above it or below it. These discoveries provide strong evidence for a cosmic impact event at approximately 12,900 years ago that would have had enormous environmental consequences for plants, animals and humans across North America. Douglas Kennett 2009
18 Nanodiamonds= Microscopic diamond produced By a detonation or explosion
19 Black Layer 12,900 BP In Belgium
20 Science September 3, 2010
21 Isabel Alcantara and colleagues PNAS 2012
22
23 Kinzie et al. Journal Of Geology 2014
24 Warming and Extraterrestrial Overkill Gradual Warming Overkill Impact
25
26 IX Adaptations at the End of the Pleistocene A. Climatic Events PLEISTOCENE HOLOCENE
27 Disappearance of Glaciers
28 4. Younger-Dryas (12,900-11,500 BP) PLEISTOCENE HOLOCENE
29 5. Mid-Holocene Warm Period Mid Holocene Warm Period Thousands of Years B.P. Pleistocene Holocene
30 6. Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA) AD Medieval Climatic Anomaly Thousands of Years B.P. Pleistocene Holocene
31 7. Little Ice Age AD Little Ice Age Thousands of Years B.P. Pleistocene Holocene
32 B. Dating and Nomenclature: Paleolithic=Old Stone Age--Stone tools, Narrow Spectrum hunting and gathering (Specialized)
33 Upper Paleolithic Big Game Hunting (Narrow Spectrum) Well What the..! I thought I smelled something!
34 Nomenclature: Paleolithic=Old Stone Age--Stone tools, Narrow Spectrum hunting and gathering (Pleistocene) New Terms: 1. Neolithic= Farming (Holocene)
35 Nomenclature: 1. Neolithic= Farming (Holocene) 2. Mesolithic= Broad-spectrum hunting and Gathering (In the Old World)
36 Nomenclature: 1. Neolithic= Farming (Holocene) 2. Mesolithic= Broad-spectrum hunting and Gathering (In the Old World) 3. Archaic = Broad-spectrum hunting and Gathering (In the New World)
37 Dating: Geological and Cultural Time Periods Geologic Time Western Europe SW Asia North America Late Holocene (5000 B.C.- present) Neolithic Neolithic Varied Early-Middle Holocene ( B.C.) Mesolithic Neolithic Archaic Early Holocene (10, B.C.) Mesolithic Neolithic Paleoindian Terminal Pleistocene (10,500 10, 000 B.C.) Mesolithic Paleoindian
38 Holocene Adaptations Broad Spectrum Hunting and Gathering Highly mobile Sedentary (Complex) Farming
39 Highly mobile hunting and gathering (Ethnographic) Shoshone Aborigines
40 Complex Hunter-Gatherers (Ethnographic) NW Coast California Indians Including Chumash Ainu
41 Complex Hunter-Gatherers (Archaeological) Mesolithic Natufians Jomon
42 Farming (Domestication) Adaptations A.D (Shown in lime green)
43 Highly mobile hunting and gathering Shoshone Aborigines
44 Broad spectrum, highly mobile foragers: Shoshone of the American Great Basin
45 Great Basin
46 Shoshone of the American Great Basin: Seasonal Round Spring Camp
47
48
49 Bow and Arrow Used to Hunt Wide range Of Animals
50 Basketry: Important to Foraging Economies
51 Hunter-Gatherer Societies ca. A.D Shoshone Ainu Aborigines
52 Ethnoarchaeological Research With Australian Aborigines
53
54
55 Gatecliff Shelter : 5000 years of Mobile Foraging
56 Complex Hunter-Gatherers (Ethnographic and Prehistoric) Ainu
57 Ainu of Hokkaido
58 Complex Hunter-Gatherers (Ethnographic and Prehistoric) California Indians Mesolithic Natufians Ainu
59 D. Complex Foragers 2. California Indians and California Prehistory Sources: Early Diaries Salvage Ethnography
60 Salvage Ethnography in the Western U.S. (Early 20 th century) John P. Harrington and Rosario Cooper 1916, Arroyo Grande, California
61 The California Archaeological Record Coastal Route Interior Route
62 Clovis in California: 13,300-12,900 BP
63 Clovis in SLO County
64 The Coastal Route: Arlington Man 11,000 B.C., Santa Rosa Island
65 Daisy Cave, San Miguel Island 12,000 BP
66 California Milling Stone Culture The California Milling Stone Culture
67 Cross Creek, SLO County, 8000 B.C.
68 Avila Beach CROSS CREEK SITE Point Arguello Point Conception Santa Barbara Ventura San Miguel Island Santa Rosa Island Santa Cruz Island Anacapa Island N
69 The Cross Creek Site, SLO County
70
71
72
73 . Windmiller Culture B.C.
74 Windmiller Culture B.C.
75 Windmiller Culture Sacramento Valley
76 Windmiller Charmstones : B.C.
77
78
79 Windmiller Culture: Phallic Charmstones
80 Hunting Culture B.C.
81
82 Hunting Culture: Stone mortars
83 Pestles
84 ATLATL
85
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