Class updates. Ch 10 Middle Pleistocene hominins and Neandertal

Transcription

1 Class updates Ch 10 Middle Pleistocene hominins and Neandertal 1

2 Class updates Quiz 2 - Next Wednesday, May 16 Need: Scantron 882-E (big one) and note paper for short answer questions Topics: End of chapter 8, chapter 9, chapters 10, a little of chapter 11 Short answer questions and study guide will be on the website this wednesday. Essay 2 Questions are harder! 2

3 Practice: Identify that hominin 3

4 Practice: Identify that hominin 4

5 Practice: Identify that hominin 5

6 Practice: Identify that hominin 6

7 Middle Pleistocene setting Middle Pleistocene: kya; the "Ice Age" -Time when numerous glacial and interglacials occurred -Hominins in Africa, Europe, and Asia were all affected by climatic oscillations Late Pleistocene: kya -last glaciations -Neandertal emerges in Europe 7

8 Middle Pleistocene hominins -Europe becomes more permanently and densely populated -Middle Pleistocene hominins remained and expanded ranges of H. erectus 8

9 Middle Pleistocene setting *In Africa Interglacial periods = more rainfall Glacial periods = more arid 9

10 Middle Pleistocene setting *In Europe Interglacial periods = Europe accessible to migrating hominins through Eurasia Glacial periods = colder and inaccessible to migrating hominins through Eurasia 10

11 Homo heidelbergensis Homo heidelbergensis -group Homo sapiens and Neandertal descended from -Widely dispersed in Africa, Europe, and Asia 11

12 H. heidelbergensis Morphological characteristics -large face, projected brows, low forehead, and thick cranial vault, -increased brain size, rounded braincase 12

13 H. heidelbergensis *In general H. heidelbergensis in Europe gave rise to Neandertal H. heidelbergensis in Africa gave rise to Homo sapiens 13

14 Middle Pleistocene hominin culture -Used Acheulian tools until the end of the Middle Pleistocene *Levallois tool-making technique -More control over flake size and shape -Suggests increased cognitive capabilities 14

15 Middle Pleistocene hominins sites Africa *Bodo; 600 kya; ancestral features -Earliest evidence of Homo heidelbergensis Europe *Atapuerca, Spain; kya; -80% of all Middle Pleistocene hominins come from this site -early evidence of Neandertal traits found on some specimens 15

16 Neandertal -Late Pleistocene hominin kya; -majority of fossils found in Europe and no evidence is found in Africa 16

17 Neandertal Neandertal morphological traits *Cranium -brain cases with an occipital bun. -vertical forehead v H erectus, -arched rather than straight brow ridge Notable: face projects forward 17

18 Neandertal Neandertal morphological traits *Postcranial -robust, muscular -short limbs *Morphology due to adapting to the colder climate in Europe 18

19 Middle Pleistocene hominins and Neandertal Mousterian tool industry -wide-spread and used by premodern Homo sapiens and Neandertal -More flake tools used versus core tools like bifaces 19

20 Neandertal Other behaviors -Continued to live in caves and open-air sites -Temporary structures -Diet based on more food resources: fruits, vegetables, fish, seeds, nuts, bird eggs, and Unique: now exploiting marine resources 20

21 Neandertal culture and behavioral characteristics -experienced injuries while hunting 21

22 Neandertal culture and behavioral characteristics Buried their dead -Intentional burials with individuals surrounded by tools and animal bones -capable of symbolic behavior 22

23 Neandertal sites Western Asia *Shanidar, Iraq; kya -Neandertal find in southwestern Asia -Intentional burial of elderly, disabled man who most likely needed care to have healed wounds Europe *Krapina, Croatia; kya -Earliest evidence of intentional burials 23

24 Neandertal culture and behavioral characteristics -experienced injuries while hunting -buried their dead -capable of symbolic behavior -adapted to cold climates No evidence of language capabilities equivalent to modern humans 24