The Great Ice Ages. Copyright abcteach.com 2001 Graphics from Art Today

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Great Ice Ages. Copyright abcteach.com 2001 Graphics from Art Today"

Transcription

1 The Great Ice Ages The Great Ice Ages occurred during the Pleistocene epoch. The word epoch means time period. This period began about 2.5 million years ago and ended roughly 10,000 years ago. During the Pleistocene epoch, great continental glaciers covered about ¼ of the land area in the world. Continental glaciers are also known as ice sheets. A continental glacier covers Antarctica today. While the northern regions of the earth experienced ice and snow, the southern regions of the earth experienced increased rainfall. The area in Africa now known as the Sahara Desert was not a desert during the Pleistocene epoch. Much of the Sahara Desert was green and fertile, or able to grow things, during this time. Today, the Sahara is mostly rocks and sand except for areas near the Nile River. The continental glaciers of the Great Ice Age changed the land beneath them. They scraped over areas of land and deposited loads of glacial till along their paths and at their ends. Glacial till is the rocks, gravel, topsoil and sand carried along with the glacier. The glacial till produced some of the fertile farmland that exists in the northern latitudes today.

2 What Caused the Great Ice Ages? There are many theories, or ideas, about what caused the Great Ice Ages. No one is exactly certain what caused them, but one thing is agreed upon by most scientists: The climate of the entire Earth became about 10 degrees cooler. This caused winters to become longer and colder and summers to become shorter and cooler. Therefore, the snow that built up in the winter did not have time to entirely melt in the summer. Over time, ice sheets began to form in the arctic regions and crept slowly down the face of the Earth. Almost ¼ of the earth s surface was covered by continental glaciers during the Ice Ages. Continental glaciers did not cover the Earth for the entire Pleistocene epoch. At least four times during this period, the climate of the Earth warmed and the glaciers melted and retreated back into the arctic regions. These periods of time were known as interglacial periods. Interglacial means between glaciations. Glaciations are times when glaciers covered the land. When glaciers melted, sea levels rose and covered coastal areas of North America and other areas in the world.

3 How did the Ice Ages Affect Life on the Earth? Animal and plant life had to adapt to the colder climate that existed during the ice ages. Many animals migrated to the southern latitudes, as they could not survive in the bitter cold. Much of the land bordering the ice sheets was tundra and steppes (grassy plains), followed by pine forests. A land bridge existed between Alaska and Siberia when the sea levels dropped and the continental glaciers covered the land. Animals and man migrated freely back and forth across the land bridge. Camels and horses were animals that lived in North America and traveled across the land bridge to Siberia. Caribou, bison, mammoths and musk oxen were among those who traveled across the bridge from Siberia to North America. The mammoth migrated to North America from Siberia. They are extinct today, but were related to elephants.

4 Name: Comprehension Sheet for the Great Ice Ages Directions: Use the reading sheet to answer the following questions: 1. What does the word epoch mean? 2. What is another name for continental glaciers? 3. How were the effects of the ice ages in the southern regions of the Earth different from the effects in the northern regions? 4. What is glacial till?

5 Name: Comprehension Sheet: What Caused the Great Ice Ages? Directions: Use the reading sheet to answer the questions: 1. Although scientists are not certain exactly what caused the ice ages, what one thing do most agree upon? 2. List the four steps that caused ice sheets to cover about ¼ of the Earth s surface: 3. What are theories? 4. Explain the difference between a glaciation and an interglacial period:

6 Name: Comprehension Sheet for How Did the Ice Ages Affect Life on Earth? Directions: Use the reading sheet to answer the questions: 1. What did animals that could not survive in the bitter cold do during the ice ages? 2. When did the land bridge between Alaska and Siberia appear? 3. Why was the land bridge important? 4. List two animals that traveled from North America to Siberia across the land bridge: 5. List four animals that traveled from Siberia to Alaska across the land bridge:

ATOC OUR CHANGING ENVIRONMENT

ATOC OUR CHANGING ENVIRONMENT ATOC 1060-002 OUR CHANGING ENVIRONMENT Class 22 (Chp 15, Chp 14 Pages 288-290) Objectives of Today s Class Chp 15 Global Warming, Part 1: Recent and Future Climate: Recent climate: The Holocene Climate

More information

How do glaciers form?

How do glaciers form? Glaciers What is a Glacier? A large mass of moving ice that exists year round is called a glacier. Glaciers are formed when snowfall exceeds snow melt year after year Snow and ice remain on the ground

More information

Glacial Modification of Terrain

Glacial Modification of Terrain Glacial Modification Part I Stupendous glaciers and crystal snowflakes -- every form of animate or inanimate existence leaves its impress upon the soul of man. 1 -Orison Swett Marden Glacial Modification

More information

Social Studies - Read the article "The Earliest Americans" and complete the Build Your Map Skills page and Extinct Animals of North America page.

Social Studies - Read the article The Earliest Americans and complete the Build Your Map Skills page and Extinct Animals of North America page. Day 2 Social Studies - Read the article "" and complete the Build Your Map Skills page and Extinct Animals of North America page. Language Arts - Draw a self-portrait of yourself in the center of a piece

More information

The Distribution of Cold Environments

The Distribution of Cold Environments The Distribution of Cold Environments Over 25% of the surface of our planet can be said to have a cold environment, but defining what we actually mean by that can be very challenging. This is because cold

More information

SAMPLE PAGE. pulses. The Ice Age By: Sue Peterson

SAMPLE PAGE. pulses. The Ice Age By: Sue Peterson Page 61 Objective sight words (pulses, intermittent, isotopes, chronicle, methane, tectonic plates, volcanism, configurations, land-locked, erratic); concepts (geological evidence and specific terminology

More information

Question #1: What are some ways that you think the climate may have changed in the area where you live over the past million years?

Question #1: What are some ways that you think the climate may have changed in the area where you live over the past million years? Reading 5.2 Environmental Change Think about the area where you live. You may see changes in the landscape in that area over a year. Some of those changes are weather related. Others are due to how the

More information

Climate Change. Unit 3

Climate Change. Unit 3 Climate Change Unit 3 Aims Is global warming a recent short term phenomenon or should it be seen as part of long term climate change? What evidence is there of long-, medium-, and short- term climate change?

More information

GSC 107 Lab # 3 Calculating sea level changes

GSC 107 Lab # 3 Calculating sea level changes GSC 107 Lab # 3 Calculating sea level changes Student name Student ID Background Glacial-Interglacial Cycles Climate-related sea-level changes of the last century are very minor compared with the large

More information

4 Changes in Climate. TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why is more land exposed during glacial periods than at other times?

4 Changes in Climate. TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why is more land exposed during glacial periods than at other times? Name Class CHAPTER 3 Date Climate 4 Changes in Climate SECTION National Science Education Standards BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: ES 1k, 2a

More information

forest tropical jungle swamp marsh prairie savanna pampas Different Ecosystems (rainforest)

forest tropical jungle swamp marsh prairie savanna pampas Different Ecosystems (rainforest) Different Ecosystems forest A region of land that is covered with many trees and shrubs. tropical jungle (rainforest) swamp A region with dense trees and a variety of plant life. It has a tropical climate.

More information

Chapter 1 Section 2. Land, Water, and Climate

Chapter 1 Section 2. Land, Water, and Climate Chapter 1 Section 2 Land, Water, and Climate Vocabulary 1. Landforms- natural features of the Earth s land surface 2. Elevation- height above sea level 3. Relief- changes in height 4. Core- most inner

More information

Chapter 6, Part Colonizers arriving in North America found extremely landscapes. It looked different to region showing great.

Chapter 6, Part Colonizers arriving in North America found extremely landscapes. It looked different to region showing great. Social Studies 9 Unit 1 Worksheet Chapter 6, Part 1. 1. Colonizers arriving in North America found extremely landscapes. It looked different to region showing great. 2. The Earth is years old and is composed

More information

Unit 2: Geology of Tsikw aye (Mesa Prieta)

Unit 2: Geology of Tsikw aye (Mesa Prieta) Unit 2 page 9 Name: Date: GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF MESA PRIETA: Student Information Sheet: Activity 2 Looking at Mesa Prieta today, with its tumbled black basalt boulders, prickly pear cacti and an occasional

More information

Tropical Moist Rainforest

Tropical Moist Rainforest Tropical or Lowlatitude Climates: Controlled by equatorial tropical air masses Tropical Moist Rainforest Rainfall is heavy in all months - more than 250 cm. (100 in.). Common temperatures of 27 C (80 F)

More information

World Geography Chapter 3

World Geography Chapter 3 World Geography Chapter 3 Section 1 A. Introduction a. Weather b. Climate c. Both weather and climate are influenced by i. direct sunlight. ii. iii. iv. the features of the earth s surface. B. The Greenhouse

More information

Chapter Introduction. Earth. Change. Chapter Wrap-Up

Chapter Introduction. Earth. Change. Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Climates of Earth Chapter Wrap-Up Climate Cycles Recent Climate Change What is climate and how does it impact life on Earth? What do you think? Before you

More information

Weather and Climate Change

Weather and Climate Change Weather and Climate Change What if the environmental lapse rate falls between the moist and dry adiabatic lapse rates? The atmosphere is unstable for saturated air parcels but stable for unsaturated air

More information

Outline 23: The Ice Ages-Cenozoic Climatic History

Outline 23: The Ice Ages-Cenozoic Climatic History Outline 23: The Ice Ages-Cenozoic Climatic History Continental Glacier in Antarctica Valley Glaciers in Alaska, note the moraines Valley Glaciers in Alaska, note the moraines Mendenhall Glacier, Juneau,

More information

Lecture Outline Lecture Outline Monday April 9-16, 2018 Questions? Announcements:

Lecture Outline Lecture Outline Monday April 9-16, 2018 Questions? Announcements: Lecture Outline Lecture Outline Monday April 9-16, 2018 Questions? Announcements: Geology 101 Night Video: The Day After Tomorrow Hollywood disaster movie about the onset of a glacial period When: Monday

More information

Glaciers and Ice Ages

Glaciers and Ice Ages ES 106 Glaciers and Ice Ages I. Glacier thick mass of ice accumulated over years, decades, centuries A. Function of recrystallization of fallen snow B. Types 1. alpine valley: a. high elevations worldwide

More information

Global Climate Change

Global Climate Change Global Climate Change Overview: Students will learn about global climate change, what causes global warming, and scientific projections about climate change in the near future. Levels V-VI Grades 9-12

More information

Bell Work. REVIEW: Our Planet Earth Page 29 Document A & B Questions

Bell Work. REVIEW: Our Planet Earth Page 29 Document A & B Questions 9.12.16 Bell Work REVIEW: Our Planet Earth Page 29 Document A & B Questions Intro to Climate & Weather https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhgyoa70q7y Weather vs. Climate Video Climate & Weather 3.1 Weather

More information

3 Temperate and Polar Zones

3 Temperate and Polar Zones CHAPTER 3 3 Temperate and Polar Zones SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What biomes are found in the temperate zone? What biomes

More information

Glaciers that swept over north america

Glaciers that swept over north america Glaciers that swept over north america Search Arctic : Arctic, northernmost region of the Earth, centred on the North Pole and characterized by distinctively polar conditions of climate, plant and animal

More information

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures? CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ

More information

Chapter 2: Physical Geography

Chapter 2: Physical Geography Chapter 2: Physical Geography Pg. 39-68 Learning Goals for Chp2: q q q q q Explain how the Earth moves in space and why seasons change. Outline the factors that influence climate and recognize different

More information

History. Late 18 th /early 19 th century Europeans observed that erratic boulders dispersed due to the retention of glaciers caused by climate chance

History. Late 18 th /early 19 th century Europeans observed that erratic boulders dispersed due to the retention of glaciers caused by climate chance Ice ages What is an ice age? Geological period of long-term reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere which results in the formation and expansion of continental ice sheets, polar

More information

Climate Alert Seas Falling, Glaciers Growing... By Viv Forbes, July 2018

Climate Alert Seas Falling, Glaciers Growing... By Viv Forbes, July 2018 Climate Alert Seas Falling, Glaciers Growing... By Viv Forbes, July 2018 To view the whole article plus images click: http://carbon-sense.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/global-cooling.pdf The climate alarm

More information

STAAR Science Tutorial 48 TEK 8.11C: Effects of Environmental Change

STAAR Science Tutorial 48 TEK 8.11C: Effects of Environmental Change Name: Teacher: Pd. Date: STAAR Science Tutorial 48 TEK 8.11C: Effects of Environmental Change TEK 8.11C: Explore how short- and long-term environmental changes affect organisms and traits in subsequent

More information

Mesozoic Era 251 m.y.a 65.5 m.y.a

Mesozoic Era 251 m.y.a 65.5 m.y.a Mesozoic Cenozoic notes.notebook Mesozoic & Cenozoic 251 m.y.a Present at the end of the Permian, 90% of marine organisms and more than 70% of land organisms died. because resources and space were readily

More information

Global climate change

Global climate change Global climate change What is climate change? This winter was really cold! Temp difference ( C): Jan 2004 vs. Jan 2002-2003 Make your own maps at: http://www.giss.nasa.gov/data/update/gistemp/maps/ 1 What

More information

Pleistocene Glaciation (Ch.14) Geologic evidence Milankovitch cycles Glacial climate feedbacks

Pleistocene Glaciation (Ch.14) Geologic evidence Milankovitch cycles Glacial climate feedbacks Pleistocene Glaciation (Ch.14) Geologic evidence Milankovitch cycles Glacial climate feedbacks End of last ice-age rise of human civilization Modern ice-ages begin Asteroid impact end of dinosaurs Cambrian

More information

Glaciers Earth 9th Edition Chapter 18 Glaciers: summary in haiku form Key Concepts Glaciers Glaciers Glaciers Glaciers

Glaciers Earth 9th Edition Chapter 18 Glaciers: summary in haiku form Key Concepts Glaciers Glaciers Glaciers Glaciers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Earth 9 th Edition Chapter 18 : summary in haiku form Ten thousand years thence big glaciers began to melt - called "global warming." Key Concepts and types of glaciers.

More information

Geologic Time. The Cenozoic Era. 7. Mammals evolved after dinosaurs became extinct.

Geologic Time. The Cenozoic Era. 7. Mammals evolved after dinosaurs became extinct. Geologic Time The Cenozoic Era Key Concepts What major geologic events occurred during the Cenozoic era? What does fossil evidence reveal about the Cenozoic era? What do you think? Read the two statements

More information

Chapter 5: Glaciers and Deserts

Chapter 5: Glaciers and Deserts I. Glaciers and Glaciation Chapter 5: Glaciers and Deserts A. A thick mass of ice that forms over land from the compaction and recrystallization of snow and shows evidence of past or present flow B. Types

More information

The Great Lakes. Beyond the Book. FOCUS Book

The Great Lakes. Beyond the Book. FOCUS Book Build a model to show how the Great s formed. Use soil and large pieces of ice to model the role of ice sheets as they carved out the Great s Basin and then filled it with water. How will you make the

More information

1 Earth s Oceans. TAKE A LOOK 2. Identify What are the five main oceans?

1 Earth s Oceans. TAKE A LOOK 2. Identify What are the five main oceans? CHAPTER 13 1 Earth s Oceans SECTION Exploring the Oceans BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What affects the salinity of ocean water? What affects

More information

Chapter 6 Vocabulary. Environment Population Community Ecosystem Abiotic Factor Biotic Factor Biome

Chapter 6 Vocabulary. Environment Population Community Ecosystem Abiotic Factor Biotic Factor Biome Biomes Chapter 6 Vocabulary Environment Population Community Ecosystem Abiotic Factor Biotic Factor Biome How Are Organisms On Earth Connected? All living things on Earth share resources, such as air,

More information

Early Human Migration to North America

Early Human Migration to North America Early Human Migration to North America 300 MILLION YEARS AGO: Coal-age swamps cover most of the continent. 250 MILLION YEARS AGO: North America, along with Europe and Asia, is part of the Laurasian supercontinent.

More information

Name Date Class. growth rings of trees, fossilized pollen, and ocean. in the northern hemisphere.

Name Date Class. growth rings of trees, fossilized pollen, and ocean. in the northern hemisphere. Lesson Outline LESSON 2 A. Long-Term Cycles 1. A(n) climate cycle takes much longer than a lifetime to complete. a. To learn about long-term climate cycles, scientists study natural records, such as growth

More information

Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore

Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore CO NTINENTAL SHEL F For the complete encyclopedic entry with media

More information

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By Brett Lucas

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By Brett Lucas PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY By Brett Lucas GLACIAL PROCESSES Glacial Processes The Impact of Glaciers on the Landscape Glaciations Past and Present Types of Glaciers Glacier Formation and Movement The Effects of

More information

Landscape evolution. An Anthropic landscape is the landscape modified by humans for their activities and life

Landscape evolution. An Anthropic landscape is the landscape modified by humans for their activities and life Landforms Landscape evolution A Natural landscape is the original landscape that exists before it is acted upon by human culture. An Anthropic landscape is the landscape modified by humans for their activities

More information

Glaciers. (Shaping Earth s Surface, Part 6) Science 330 Summer 2005

Glaciers. (Shaping Earth s Surface, Part 6) Science 330 Summer 2005 Glaciers (Shaping Earth s Surface, Part 6) Science 330 Summer 2005 1 Glaciers Glaciers are parts of two basic cycles Hydrologic cycle Rock cycle Glacier a thick mass of ice that originates on land from

More information

Fossil Clues Teacher s Notes

Fossil Clues Teacher s Notes Fossils are the remains of living things which have been changed into rock. The father of modern geology, James Hutton, said that we can interpret the nature of creatures from the past and the environment

More information

Lecture 21: Glaciers and Paleoclimate Read: Chapter 15 Homework due Thursday Nov. 12. What we ll learn today:! Learning Objectives (LO)

Lecture 21: Glaciers and Paleoclimate Read: Chapter 15 Homework due Thursday Nov. 12. What we ll learn today:! Learning Objectives (LO) Learning Objectives (LO) Lecture 21: Glaciers and Paleoclimate Read: Chapter 15 Homework due Thursday Nov. 12 What we ll learn today:! 1. 1. Glaciers and where they occur! 2. 2. Compare depositional and

More information

Diversity, Change and Continuity. History of Life

Diversity, Change and Continuity. History of Life Diversity, Change and Continuity History of Life Change throughout the history of Life. A summary of content covered 1 2 3 4 Changes in the atmosphere Changes in climate Geological events Biogeography

More information

Monday, December 4, 2017 The Pleistocene Glaciations (Chapter 14) Week 14 Assessment, closes Wednesday Dec 6

Monday, December 4, 2017 The Pleistocene Glaciations (Chapter 14) Week 14 Assessment, closes Wednesday Dec 6 Monday, December 4, 2017 The Pleistocene Glaciations (Chapter 14) Week 14 Assessment, closes Wednesday Dec 6 Week 15 Assessment will be last one, closes Wednesday Dec 13 Homework 5 due Wednesday, Dec 6

More information

Earth s Changing Continents

Earth s Changing Continents 2 What You Will Learn Earth s continents have moved around Earth s surface throughout Earth s history and have only recently arrived at their current locations. Rocks and fossils provide evidence of continental

More information

Name Test Date Hour. forms that lived only during certain periods. abundant and widespread geographically. changes to the surface of Earth.

Name Test Date Hour. forms that lived only during certain periods. abundant and widespread geographically. changes to the surface of Earth. Name Test Date Hour Earth Processes#3 - Notebook Earth s History LEARNING TARGETS I can explain the lack of evidence about the Precambrian Time. I can describe possible causes for the mass extinction in

More information

Biomes There are 2 types: Terrestrial Biomes (on land) Aquatic Biomes (in the water)

Biomes There are 2 types: Terrestrial Biomes (on land) Aquatic Biomes (in the water) Biomes There are 2 types: Terrestrial Biomes (on land) Aquatic Biomes (in the water) Terrestrial Biomes Grassland, Desert, and Tundra Biomes: Savanna Temperate grassland Chaparral Desert Tundra Chapter

More information

Lesson 2: Terrestrial Ecosystems

Lesson 2: Terrestrial Ecosystems Lesson 2: Terrestrial Ecosystems A terrestrial ecosystem is a land ecosystem. Terrestrial ecosystems include tundra, forests, grasslands, deserts, and rainforests. 1 The arctic tundra is earth s coldest

More information

What is the IPCC? Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

What is the IPCC? Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC WG1 FAQ What is the IPCC? Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change The IPCC is a scientific intergovernmental body set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and by the United Nations

More information

2 Earth s Changing Continents

2 Earth s Changing Continents CHAPTER 9 SECTION The History of Life on Earth 2 Earth s Changing Continents California Science Standards 7.4.a, 7.4.e, 7.4.f BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these

More information

Science 20. Unit C: The Changing Earth. Assignment Booklet C3

Science 20. Unit C: The Changing Earth. Assignment Booklet C3 Science 20 Unit C: The Changing Earth Assignment Booklet C3 FOR TEACHER S USE ONLY Summary Teacher s Comments Chapter 3 Assignment Total Possible Marks 45 Your Mark Science 20 Unit C: The Changing Earth

More information

Name Date Class. well as the inland, found near the Tropics. 4. In the, or the regions near the Equator, you may find a lush

Name Date Class. well as the inland, found near the Tropics. 4. In the, or the regions near the Equator, you may find a lush WATER, CLIMATE, AND VEGETATION Vocabulary Activity DIRECTIONS: Fill in the Blanks Select a term from below to complete each of the following sentences. CHAPTER 1. The constant movement of water, a process

More information

Glaciers form wherever snow and ice can accumulate High latitudes High mountains at low latitudes Ice temperatures vary among glaciers Warm

Glaciers form wherever snow and ice can accumulate High latitudes High mountains at low latitudes Ice temperatures vary among glaciers Warm The Cryosphere Glaciers form wherever snow and ice can accumulate High latitudes High mountains at low latitudes Ice temperatures vary among glaciers Warm (temperate) glaciers: at pressure melting point,

More information

Our climate system is based on the location of hot and cold air mass regions and the atmospheric circulation created by trade winds and westerlies.

Our climate system is based on the location of hot and cold air mass regions and the atmospheric circulation created by trade winds and westerlies. CLIMATE REGIONS Have you ever wondered why one area of the world is a desert, another a grassland, and another a rainforest? Or have you wondered why are there different types of forests and deserts with

More information

Chapter 2 Planet Earth

Chapter 2 Planet Earth Chapter 2 Planet Earth Section Notes Earth and the Sun s Energy Water on Earth The Land Close-up The Water Cycle World Almanac Major Eruptions in the Ring of Fire Quick Facts Chapter 2 Visual Summary Video

More information

Elements of weather and climate Temperature Range of temperature Seasonal temperature pattern Rainfall

Elements of weather and climate Temperature Range of temperature Seasonal temperature pattern Rainfall Climate Earth Science Chapter 20 Pages 560-573 Elements of weather and climate Temperature Range of temperature Seasonal temperature pattern Rainfall Overall rainfall Seasonal distribution of rainfall

More information

Natural Climate Variability: Longer Term

Natural Climate Variability: Longer Term Natural Climate Variability: Longer Term Natural Climate Change Today: Natural Climate Change-2: Ice Ages, and Deep Time Geologic Time Scale background: Need a system for talking about unimaginable lengths

More information

Glacial processes and landforms NGEA01, 2014

Glacial processes and landforms NGEA01, 2014 Glacial processes and landforms NGEA01, 2014 Cecilia Akselsson Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Geomorphological processes and landforms all over the world Periglacial

More information

Geologic Time. What have scientists learned about Earth s past by studying rocks and fossils?

Geologic Time. What have scientists learned about Earth s past by studying rocks and fossils? Name Geologic Time What have scientists learned about Earth s past by studying rocks and fossils? Before You Read Before you read the chapter, think about what you know about geologic time Record your

More information

Glaciers. Valley and Piedmont Glaciers. Glaciers, Gloobal Warming El Niño and the Southern Oscillation. Ice Age Sea Level on North America

Glaciers. Valley and Piedmont Glaciers. Glaciers, Gloobal Warming El Niño and the Southern Oscillation. Ice Age Sea Level on North America Glaciers, Gloobal Warming El Niño and the Southern Oscillation Glaciers Earth Science: Ch 20, p. 573-581 STM: Ch 25, p. 545-568 Earth Science Chapter 6 p. 154-159, 168-173 Southern Hemisphere Northern

More information

Module 11: Meteorology Topic 3 Content: Climate Zones Notes

Module 11: Meteorology Topic 3 Content: Climate Zones Notes Introduction Latitude is such an important climate factor that you can make generalizations about a location's climate based on its latitude. Areas near the equator or the low latitudes are generally hot

More information

Bell Ringer. Are soil and dirt the same material? In your explanation be sure to talk about plants.

Bell Ringer. Are soil and dirt the same material? In your explanation be sure to talk about plants. Bell Ringer Are soil and dirt the same material? In your explanation be sure to talk about plants. 5.3 Mass Movements Triggers of Mass Movements The transfer of rock and soil downslope due to gravity is

More information

lecture 12 Paleoclimate

lecture 12 Paleoclimate lecture 12 Paleoclimate OVERVIEW OF EARTH S CLIMATIC HISTORY Geologic time scales http://www.snowballearth.org/index.html Features of the climate during the Cretaceous period the land-sea distribution

More information

6. What has been the most effective erosive agent in the climate system? a. Water b. Ice c. Wind

6. What has been the most effective erosive agent in the climate system? a. Water b. Ice c. Wind Multiple Choice. 1. Heinrich Events a. Show increased abundance of warm-water species of planktic foraminifera b. Show greater intensity since the last deglaciation c. Show increased accumulation of ice-rafted

More information

How to Use This Presentation

How to Use This Presentation How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select View on the menu bar and click on Slide Show. To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or

More information

Last Time. Submarine Canyons and Fans. Turbidites. MAS 603: Geological Oceanography. Lecture 16: Greenhouse vs. Icehouse Earths

Last Time. Submarine Canyons and Fans. Turbidites. MAS 603: Geological Oceanography. Lecture 16: Greenhouse vs. Icehouse Earths UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA Last Time MAS 603: Geological Oceanography Lecture 16: Greenhouse vs. Icehouse Earths Submarine Fans Definition and morphology Transport mechanisms (density currents) Submarine

More information

8. Climate changes Short-term regional variations

8. Climate changes Short-term regional variations 8. Climate changes 8.1. Short-term regional variations By short-term climate changes, we refer here to changes occurring over years to decades. Over this timescale, climate is influenced by interactions

More information

Ecosystems Chapter 4. What is an Ecosystem? Section 4-1

Ecosystems Chapter 4. What is an Ecosystem? Section 4-1 Ecosystems Chapter 4 What is an Ecosystem? Section 4-1 Ecosystems Key Idea: An ecosystem includes a community of organisms and their physical environment. A community is a group of various species that

More information

Wednesday, November 15, 2017

Wednesday, November 15, 2017 Wednesday, November 15, 2017 Northern Europe: Physical Geography Objective: Locate and describe the various traditional regions of Western Europe. Outline how the physical geography varies from region

More information

The Pleistocene Ice Ages

The Pleistocene Ice Ages The Pleistocene Ice Ages 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 EPOCH QART PLIO CRETACEOUS PALEOCENE EOCENE OLIGOCENE MIOCENE Nalma * Irving./RLB Blancan Hemphillian Clarendonian Barstovian Hemingfordian Arikareean Whitneyan

More information

PLEISTOCENE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

PLEISTOCENE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 1 PLEISTOCENE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS The Pleistocene is a remarkable epoch in the geological calendar of the earth marked by the appearance of man and great climatic events. The high latitudinal areas of

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 7 Glaciers, Desert, and Wind 7.1 Glaciers Types of Glaciers A glacier is a thick ice mass that forms above the snowline over hundreds or thousands of

More information

Tropical Climates Zone

Tropical Climates Zone Tropical Climates Zone RAIN FOREST CENTRAL AFRICA, SOUTH AMERICA (AMAZON), CENTRAL AMERICA, S.E. ASIA HUMID/WARM ANNUAL RAINFALL 200 CM TYPE #1: TROPICAL DESERT N. AFRICA (SAHARA) & S.W. ASIA < 25 CM

More information

ERS 121 Study Guide for Exam 1. Lecture 1. Ice Age Theory 1. Where did the ice age theory originate?

ERS 121 Study Guide for Exam 1. Lecture 1. Ice Age Theory 1. Where did the ice age theory originate? Lecture 1. Ice Age Theory 1. Where did the ice age theory originate? ERS 121 Study Guide for Exam 1 2. Where did J. P. Perraudin live? What did he suggest? 3. Who was Ignace Venetz? 4. Who was Jean de

More information

Weathering, Erosion and Deposition

Weathering, Erosion and Deposition Weathering, Erosion and Deposition Shaping the Earth s Surface Weathering the process of breaking down rocks into smaller fragments Erosion the transport of rock fragments from one location to another

More information

Florida s Changing Shape

Florida s Changing Shape Florida s Changing Shape Background: For much of its history, Florida was underwater. At first, Florida consisted solely of the Florida Platform, a limestone base formed from the calcium carbonate remains

More information

Terrestrial Climate Change Variables

Terrestrial Climate Change Variables Terrestrial Climate Change Variables Content Terrestrial Climate Change Variables Surface Air Temperature Land Surface Temperature Sea Level Ice Level Aerosol Particles (acid rain) Terrestrial Climate

More information

1 Vocabulary. Chapter 5 Ecology. Lesson

1 Vocabulary. Chapter 5 Ecology. Lesson 1 Vocabulary Symbiosis a close, long-term relationship between organisms that benefits at least one of the organisms Decomposer living thing that breaks down waste and things that have died Energy pyramid

More information

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas. The Road To Plate Tectonics

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas. The Road To Plate Tectonics Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas The Road To Plate Tectonics Alfred Wegener and the Continental Drift hypothesis: Up until the early 1900s, long-held tradition in the earth sciences stated that continents

More information

EQ: Discuss main geographic landforms of the U.S. & Canada and examine varied landforms in relation to their lifestyles.

EQ: Discuss main geographic landforms of the U.S. & Canada and examine varied landforms in relation to their lifestyles. EQ: Discuss main geographic landforms of the U.S. & Canada and examine varied landforms in relation to their lifestyles. Places & Terms for Discussion Appalachian Mountains Great Plains Canadian Shield

More information

The Geology of Sebago Lake State Park

The Geology of Sebago Lake State Park Maine Geologic Facts and Localities September, 2002 43 55 17.46 N, 70 34 13.07 W Text by Robert Johnston, Department of Agriculture, Conservation & Forestry 1 Map by Robert Johnston Introduction Sebago

More information

3.13Glaciers past and present

3.13Glaciers past and present 3.13Glaciers past and present We start with a headline from The Scotsman newspaper that rocked Britain s scientific establishment on the morning of 7 October 1840: 3 Discovery of the Former Existence of

More information

Name: Period: Date: ID: A. Circle the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question and write the letter on the blank.

Name: Period: Date: ID: A. Circle the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question and write the letter on the blank. Name: Period: _ Date: _ ID: A Unit 7 Practice Circle the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question and write the letter on the blank. 1. What term describes the movement of rock

More information

Plio-Pleistocene Geology

Plio-Pleistocene Geology UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Plio-Pleistocene Geology Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time A) Cenozoic Tectonics Western North American tectonic provinces Plateaus and canyons

More information

Welcome to ATMS 111 Global Warming.

Welcome to ATMS 111 Global Warming. Welcome to ATMS 111 Global Warming http://www.atmos.washington.edu/2010q1/111 Isotopic Evidence 16 O isotopes "light 18 O isotopes "heavy" Evaporation favors light Rain favors heavy Cloud above ice is

More information

What is Climate? Understanding and predicting climatic changes are the basic goals of climatology.

What is Climate? Understanding and predicting climatic changes are the basic goals of climatology. What is Climate? Understanding and predicting climatic changes are the basic goals of climatology. Climatology is the study of Earth s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climatic

More information

Biomes Section 1. Chapter 6: Biomes Section 1: What is a Biome? DAY ONE

Biomes Section 1. Chapter 6: Biomes Section 1: What is a Biome? DAY ONE Chapter 6: Biomes Section 1: What is a Biome? DAY ONE What is a Biome? Biomes are large regions characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plant and animal communities. The climate

More information

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures? CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ

More information

CLIMATE CHANGE AND OIL IN THE ARCTIC

CLIMATE CHANGE AND OIL IN THE ARCTIC CLIMATE CHANGE AND OIL IN THE ARCTIC What is Climate Change? Rising temperatures Changes in weather Warm acidic oceans Melting ice caps Rising sea levels Photo from uab.edu A Way Forward: Facing Climate

More information

netw rks Guided Reading Activity Essential Question: How does geography influence the way people live? Earth's Physical Geography

netw rks Guided Reading Activity Essential Question: How does geography influence the way people live? Earth's Physical Geography Guided Reading Activity Lesson 1 Earth and the Sun Essential Question: How does geography influence the way people live? Looking at Earth Directions: What are the layers that make up Earth? Use your textbook

More information

Module 2, Investigation 4: Log 1 Our coasts

Module 2, Investigation 4: Log 1 Our coasts Module 2, Investigation 4: Log 1 Our coasts The coast is where the ocean meets land. Coastlines are always changing their shape. They are being worn away in some places and built up in others. Coasts can

More information

NOTES 1. Fossils. The BIG Idea Rocks, fossils, and other types of natural evidence tell Earth s story.

NOTES 1. Fossils. The BIG Idea Rocks, fossils, and other types of natural evidence tell Earth s story. Name Period Date UNIT 6 NOTES 1 Fossils Objectives Identify and describe the types of fossils. Define fossils Explain fossil formation Explain how different kinds of fossils show traces of life from Earth

More information

The Continental Drift Hypothesis

The Continental Drift Hypothesis Lesson 1 The Continental Drift Hypothesis Scan Lesson 1. Then write three questions that you have about continental drift in your Science Journal. Try to answer your questions as you read. Pangaea Define

More information

Chapter 2 Earth s Interlocking Systems pg The Earth and Its Forces pg

Chapter 2 Earth s Interlocking Systems pg The Earth and Its Forces pg Chapter 2 Earth s Interlocking Systems pg. 24 55 2 1 The Earth and Its Forces pg. 27 33 Connecting to Your World and Internal Forces Shaping the Earth The Earth is unique in the solar system because it

More information

CARD #1 The Shape of the Land: Effects of Crustal Tilting

CARD #1 The Shape of the Land: Effects of Crustal Tilting CARD #1 The Shape of the Land: Effects of Crustal Tilting When we look at a birds-eye view of the Great Lakes, it is easy to assume the lakes are all at a similar elevation, but viewed in this way, we

More information