Plants. It is all about colonizing land Multi-cellular Chlorophyll = Make their own food Vascular Tissue Specialized structures/adaptations
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1 Plants It is all about colonizing land Multi-cellular Chlorophyll = Make their own food Vascular Tissue Specialized structures/adaptations Roots Shoots Reproductive structures
2
3 Plant Structures
4 Plant Parts Roots to anchor and collect water/nutrients Stems to support the leaves Leaves (sun-catchers) to photosynthesize Conducting tissue to send essentials around the plant body Epidermis to prevent water loss Protection of the reproductive cells
5 Plant Cell
6 Plant Cell Components
7 Plant Cell Components Nucleus: command center; stores DNA (the blueprints) Chloroplast: sugar factory Mitochondria: powerhouse Vacuole: storage of water, dissolved material Ribosomes: protein synthesis
8 Plant Cell Components Golgi apparatus: shipping center Plasma membrane: filtering, traffic cop Cell wall: protection Peroxisome: break down fats, clean up toxins Cytoplasm: the goo that surrounds other organelles
9 Woody Plants: Tree, Shrub, Groundcover TREE Larger than a human, maybe 10 ft minimum Usually one main trunk (Can be dwarf trees)
10 Tree, Shrub, Groundcover SHRUB Larger or smaller than a human Usually many-stemmed
11 Tree, Shrub, Groundcover GROUNDCOVER Usually knee-high or lower Many-stemmed, creeping, etc.
12 Overall Tree Form One main stem like most conifers Repeatedly forked stems like most hardwoods Palm-like Yucca-like
13
14 Herbaceous Plants: not woody ANNUAL plant generally lives for just one season BIENNIAL plant lives for two seasons PERENNIAL plant lives for more than two seasons
15 Herbaceous Monocots (corn) one seed leaf
16 Herbaceous dicot stem (bean): two seed leaves
17 Dicots and Monocots
18 What s a Vascular Bundle? Vascular bundles are like the circulatory system of a plant. They carry water up from the root, and sugars down from the leaves. Leaf veins are vascular bundles.
19 Vascular Bundles have Xylem carries water throughout the plant. Phloem carries dissolved sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant. xylem and phloem
20 Woody Plants Pith is at the center of a woody stem Wood is made of xylem tissue A vascular cambium produces new xylem (toward the center) and new phloem (toward the bark) each year
21 Woody Plants
22 Woody Plants
23 Twigs: Surface features Twigs Buds Lateral vs. Terminal Scaly vs. naked Leaf scars
24 Which way is up??
25 Woody Stem Anatomy Twigs are stems Node Internode Terminal bud Lateral bud Leaf scar Terminal bud scar (is the same as bud scale scar) Lenticel
26 Woody Stem: bud scale scars, terminal bud scars Terminal bud scars Bud scale scar
27 Leaf Anatomy Leaves General Structure Blade Petiole Sessile (no petiole) Stipules Deciduous Evergreen
28 Leaf Type or Complexity Simple vs. compound
29 Leaf Type or Complexity Leaf Complexity Simple Compound Pinnately Odd or even Palmately Trifoliolate
30 Leaf Type or Complexity Leaf Complexity Simple Compound Pinnately Odd or even Palmately Trifoliate
31 Leaf Arrangement (on stem) Leaf Arrangement Opposite Alternate Irregular Whorled Rosette
32 Leaf Venation (arrangement of veins)
33 Leaf Features
34
35 Conifer Leaves Needle like Pinus, Larix, Cedrus Linear Awl Abies, Picea, Tsuga, Sequoia, Taxodium Juniper, Cupressaceae, Sequoiadendron Scale Calocedrus, Cupressus, Thuja, Chamaecyparis
36 Bark From smooth to deeply furrowed Habitat for many organisms (lichens, insects, etc.) Images: Red alder with white lichen; ponderosa pine, incense cedar, conifer with wolf lichen
37 Time Check
38 Angiosperms - covered seed Supply nearly all of our food, medicines, and much of our fiber and building materials. Evolution of the flower and fruit help account for the great success of the angiosperms % of all plants (~250,000 species)
39 or Pistil Male parts Female parts Know the parts of a flower! Bat Pollinating Agave Plant Bee Pollinating
40 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Flowers are specialized for sexual reproduction!!!
41
42 Head Inflorescence Sunflowers
43
44 How does pollen move from one plant to another? Wind Animals Insect: beetles, bees, wasps, flies, butterflies and moths Birds: hummingbirds, honey creepers Mammals: bats, lemurs, mice
45 Wind Pollinated
46 Flowers lure animals by: COLOR (primarily targets birds) bee-eye view (UV light)
47 Flowers lure animals by: ODOR & NECTAR (usually insects)
48 Flowers lure animals by: SHAPE
49 The life cycle of an angiosperm Plant Fertilization Seed Development Fruit Development Flowering Plant Life Cycle (time lapse)
50 Fruit Is a ripened ovary with a seed or many seeds inside. Helps protect the seed and aides in seed dispersal. Is a major food source for animals.
51 Fruits encase seeds. Fruit tissue is derived from flower parts, including the ovary and other tissue surrounding it.
52 Fleshy Fruits Accessory fruits Achenes
53 Multiple Fruits Jack Fruit Pineapple Fleshy Fruits Osage Orange
54 Fleshy Fruits Aggregate Fruits
55 Berry
56 Pepo (Berry with a thick exocarp (rind))
57 Hesperidium (Berry with a rind that has oil glands)
58 Pome
59 Drupe
60 Do the dry fruits split open Dehiscent Fruits at maturity? YES
61 Do the dry fruits split open at maturity? NO Indehiscent Fruits
62 Pericarp Legume
63 Nut
64 Achene
65 Samara
66 Caryopses
67 Capsule
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LESSON 10 PLANTS. Pteridophytes.(Cormophytes) Ferns: have woody vascular conduicts.
LESSON 10 PLANTS The plant kingdom. Plants originated as part of a group of green algae approximately 500 million years ago. They were the first living beings to colonize the Earth. Plants are multi-cellular(eucariotyc)living