Dendrology FOR 219. Instructor: Dr. Jeremy Stovall. Lecture 3: Anatomy I: Vegetative Morphology
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1 Dendrology FOR 219 Instructor: Dr. Jeremy Stovall Lecture 3: Anatomy I: Vegetative Morphology
2 Tree Life Cycle Seed Seed Production Germination THIS CLASS Reproductive Tree Seedling Flowering Tree Vegetative Growth 2
3 How Do Trees Grow? 3
4 How Do Trees Grow? 4
5 How Do Trees Grow? Primary Growth: Elongate from buds (put on new twigs) Secondary Growth: Wood is added to existing shoot 5
6 Types of Primary Growth FIXED GROWTH Determinate Cells formed when bud sets Elongate next spring Forms new bud for following year Last year s conditions determine this year s growth potential Straight twigs True terminal buds RECURRENTLY FLUSHING FREE GROWTH Indeterminate New cells forming as twigs elongate Growth continues until it can t (freeze, short days) This year s conditions determine this year s growth potential Zig zag twigs (but not always) Pseudo terminal buds 6
7 Types of Primary Growth FIXED GROWTH Maples Walnut Yellow Poplar RECURRENTLY FLUSHING Southern yellow pines FREE GROWTH Elms Birches Black Locust 7
8 This Occurs in Buds 8
9 Primary Growth Cells Dividing Growth Cells Elongating 9
10 Buds Are on Twigs Only previous year s growth (not branch) Fresh = more features 10
11 Buds Can Be Classified by Position Terminal vs. Lateral Terminal = Apical Lateral = Axillary Collateral vs. Superimposed 11
12 Buds Can Be Classified by Type Flower Vegetative Mixed Leaf dogwood vegetative bud dogwood flower bud 12
13 Other Bud Terms Adventitious Dormant Resting Bud Resting 13
14 Bud Scales (or not) Valvate Two Scales Imbricate Overlapping Scales Naked No Scales 14
15 Other Twig Features 15
16 Pith Chambered Chambered Diaphragmed 16
17 Lenticels 17
18 Leaf Scar 18
19 Bundle Trace Scar 19
20 Bud Scale Scar 20
21 Internode vs. Node Internodes Nodes 21
22 Thorns & Spines Thorns = modified Twigs Spines = modified Stipules 22
23 Prickles 23
24 Bark 24
25 Bark Types Smooth, Unbroken Visible Lenticels Peeling Horizontally in Curly Strips Vertical Cracks or Seams Scales Plates Vertical Strips Ridges and Furrows 25
26 Bark Types Smooth, Unbroken Visible Lenticels Peeling Horizontally in Curly Strips Vertical Cracks or Seams Scales Plates Vertical Strips Ridges and Furrows 26
27 Bark Types Smooth, Unbroken Visible Lenticels Peeling Horizontally in Curly Strips Vertical Cracks or Seams Scales Plates Vertical Strips Ridges and Furrows 27
28 Bark Types Smooth, Unbroken Visible Lenticels Peeling Horizontally in Curly Strips Vertical Cracks or Seams Scales Plates Vertical Strips Ridges and Furrows 28
29 Bark Types Smooth, Unbroken Visible Lenticels Peeling Horizontally in Curly Strips Vertical Cracks or Seams Scales Plates Vertical Strips Ridges and Furrows 29
30 Bark Types Smooth, Unbroken Visible Lenticels Peeling Horizontally in Curly Strips Vertical Cracks or Seams Scales Plates Vertical Strips Ridges and Furrows 30
31 Bark Types Smooth, Unbroken Visible Lenticels Peeling Horizontally in Curly Strips Vertical Cracks or Seams Scales Plates Vertical Strips Ridges and Furrows 31
32 Bark Types Smooth, Unbroken Visible Lenticels Peeling Horizontally in Curly Strips Vertical Cracks or Seams Scales Plates Vertical Strips Ridges and Furrows Intersecting or Anastomosing Horizontally Broken Unbroken 32
33 Bark Types Smooth, Unbroken Visible Lenticels Peeling Horizontally in Curly Strips Vertical Cracks or Seams Scales Plates Vertical Strips Ridges and Furrows Intersecting or Anastomosing Horizontally Broken Unbroken 33
34 Bark Types Smooth, Unbroken Visible Lenticels Peeling Horizontally in Curly Strips Vertical Cracks or Seams Scales Plates Vertical Strips Ridges and Furrows Intersecting or Anastomosing Horizontally Broken Unbroken 34
35 Other Bark Features Warts Prickles Thorns 35
36 No Growth Without Leaves! 36
37 Parts of a Leaf 37
38 Leaf Complexity Simple Fan Palm Palmately Compound Trifoliate Pinnately Compound Bi Tri 38
39 Compound Leaf Morphology 39
40 Leaf Arrangement Alternate Opposite Whorled 40
41 Leaf Shapes 41
42 Leaf Lobing 42
43 Leaf Margins 43
44 Leaf Apices 44
45 Leaf Bases 45
46 Leaf Venation 46
47 Conifer Leaves 47
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