CAMBIUM, meristem, heartwood, and lenticel are

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "CAMBIUM, meristem, heartwood, and lenticel are"

Transcription

1 Examining the Structures of a Tree CAMBIUM, meristem, heartwood, and lenticel are some terms that may be new to you. These terms are used to describe various tree structures. Not surprisingly, many terms are associated with a tree. After all, a tree is a complex multi-cellular organism with specialized tissues. Objective: Identify the major tree parts and their functions. Key Terms: apical meristem bud scales bud scale scars cambium cork cambium crown epidermis fibrous root system heartwood inner bark internode lateral bud leaf scar lenticels node outer bark phloem primary root root cap root hairs roots sapwood secondary root taproot system terminal bud tree trunk twig xylem The Parts of a Tree and Their Functions A tree is a woody plant with one well-defined stem and a formed crown. The roots, the trunk, and the crown are the three major tree parts. Page 1

2 ROOTS The roots are the part of the tree typically found below the soil surface. Tree health is closely tied to the tree roots. For example, when the roots are weak or diseased, the whole tree suffers. The following are functions of the root system. The roots absorb all of the water and minerals that a plant needs to live. The roots anchor the plant to the ground and support the above-ground part of the tree. The roots store food that has been made through photosynthesis. This food can be used later when a tree needs it to grow or survive. Primary and Secondary Roots When a plant seed germinates, the first structure to emerge from the seed is a root. This root becomes the primary root; on some plants, the primary root remains the most important root in the whole root system. However, other roots (secondary roots) eventually branch out from the primary root. At the tip of the root, there is an area where new cells develop called the apical meristem. This area is easily damaged. Therefore, it has a root cap over the top of it to protect it from damage as it grows through the large and sometimes coarse soil particles. The surface of the root is covered with a skin of cells (epidermis). The epidermis is where the water and minerals enter the root through osmosis and diffusion. The larger the surface area of the epidermis, the better able the plant is to bring in water and minerals. So the epidermis cells begin to elongate and grow hair-like projections (root hairs) to increase the surface area of the root. To stay healthy and to produce new root hairs, the roots need to be constantly growing. Root Systems FIGURE 1. Some trees have roots that are partially above ground level. Two basic types of tree root systems exist: tap and fibrous. A root system that is composed of one main primary root and many secondary roots branching off of the primary root is a taproot system. Oak, pine, and beech have taproot systems. A system with no dominant primary root that is made of many primary and secondary roots of similar size is a fibrous root system. For example, magnolias and tulip poplar have fibrous root systems. Page 2

3 TRUNK The trunk is the main structural element of a tree. It serves a number of important functions. The trunk supports the leaves. It holds the leaves in the most efficient position to collect sunlight, allowing the plant to produce as much food as possible. Water, minerals, and manufactured food are transported through the trunk between the roots and the crown. A trunk that is green in color helps produce food through photosynthesis. While this is not usually the primary food production, it can provide sugars in addition to those manufactured in the leaves. A trunk stores food manufactured by the tree. The trunk also produces the bulk of the useful wood in a tree. The trunk is comprised of a series of rings. Under normal conditions, one ring is produced each year, and each section of the ring has a specific purpose in the FIGURE 2. Annual rings are found in the interior of a tree. life of the tree. In large trees, the center portion of the trunk is darker and is known as heartwood. Cells in the heartwood are dead and are filled with gums, pigments, resins, and tannins to provide strength to the tree and to keep it upright. Outward from the heartwood is the lighter wood that is known as sapwood or xylem. The xylem is made of tube-like cells that grow together to conduct liquids. This is the living portion of the tree and the means by which minerals and water are carried from the roots to the crown. The sapwood also serves as the storage area for some of the food made in the leaves. Outside of the sapwood is the cambium, which consists of an active layer of cells that divide. The cambium is responsible for lateral growth of the tree. Cells to the center of the tree become xylem and those to the outside become phloem (inner bark). The phloem cells form tubes, and the phloem tissue carries food made in the leaves to the branches, trunk, and roots. The phloem is protected by the outer bark. This bark is formed by the cork cambium a thin layer of cells between the phloem and the bark (composed of dead cells). It protects the trunk. The age of a tree can be determined by counting annual growth rings made from the new cells formed during a growing season. However, the rate of growth impacts the growth rings. During rapid growth, the cells of the wood are thin walled and large in diameter. As growth Page 3

4 UNDER INVESTIGATION LAB CONNECTION: Twig Collection In late fall, winter, and early spring, it can be challenging to identify deciduous trees. The bark, evidence of fruit, and the growth habit of the tree can offer distinguishing characteristics. However, the twig often provides the best clues for positive identification. The arrangement and shape of the leaf scars, twig color, buds, twig thickness, pith, and lenticels can be used in tree identification. An activity can be conducted to improve your ability to identify trees by studying twigs. In the fall or winter, collect twigs from trees that have been positively identified. The twigs should include material from the previous season s growth and some two-year-old wood. Usually, the materials range from 6 to 12 inches in length. Select samples that are representative and that are from an actively growing area. Label the twigs with a piece of tape, and use the twigs for study. slows during mid- to late summer, the wood cells become smaller and have thicker walls. The differences in the types of cells made give the appearance of rings. CROWN The crown is the top part of the tree, including the branches, twigs, buds, and leaves. A major role of the crown is to hold leaves so sunlight can be collected and photosynthesis can occur. Also, seeds, fruits, nuts, and berries are produced in this section of the tree. Twig Structure A twig is a small terminal branch that bears leaves, buds, flowers, and fruit. Some significant external structures are on a twig. For instance, the growing point at the tip (the apical meristem) is contained inside of the bud at the end of the stem Crown Trunk (bole) Roots Heartwood Sapwood Cambium Inner bark Outer bark Annual rings Tap root (some species) Surface roots FIGURE 3. This diagram displays the major parts of a tree. Page 4

5 the terminal bud. The apical meristem is the same type of structure as the root tip and is responsible for plant elongation. Each leaf is attached to the stem at a node. Meanwhile, the area between leaves is an internode. A side bud always exists at the node just above where the leaf is attached; this is the lateral bud. On the outside of terminal and lateral buds are small protective structures called bud scales. When the leaf falls off of the stem, a small scar (leaf scar) remains just below the lateral bud. When the buds sprout each spring, the bud scales fall off, leaving behind a ring of scars (the bud scale scars). The distance between bud scale scars represents one year of stem growth. Lenticels are small spots, on the stem, that allow a stem to exchange gases with the environment. Summary: A tree is a woody plant with one well-defined stem and a formed crown. Three major tree parts are the roots, trunk, and crown. A tree s health is very closely tied to its roots. The roots absorb all of the water and minerals, anchor the plant to the ground, support the above-ground part of the tree, and store food. The trunk is the main structural element of a tree. It supports the leaves; transports water, minerals, and manufactured food; may produce food through photosynthesis; and stores food. The trunk also produces the bulk of the useful wood in a tree. The crown is the top part of the tree and includes branches, twigs, buds, and leaves. The crown holds leaves to collect sunlight so photosynthesis can occur. It is in this section that seeds, fruits, nuts, and berries are produced. Checking Your Knowledge: 1. What are the three major parts of a tree? 2. What are the functions of the roots? 3. What are the functions of the trunk? 4. What are the functions of the crown? 5. What are the major structures found on a twig? Page 5

6 Expanding Your Knowledge: Closely examine the structures of a tree discussed in this unit. Compare the structures of different trees. Recognizing many of these structures is the first step in being able to understand how a tree grows. Web Links: Roots Plant Shoot System Parts of a Tree Parts of a Tree Page 6

WHAT DO you think of when you

WHAT DO you think of when you Stem Anatomy WHAT DO you think of when you think of a stem? Do you think of a flower stalk, the trees in your area, or a soybean stalk? Most people probably visualize something like the flower or the bean

More information

Plant Organs. Roots & Stems

Plant Organs. Roots & Stems Plant Organs Roots & Stems I. Roots A. F(x)s = grow underground 1. Absorb water & nutrients from soil 2. Anchor plant in the soil 3. Make hormones important for growth & development I. Roots B. Structure

More information

The three principal organs of seed plants are roots, stems, and leaves.

The three principal organs of seed plants are roots, stems, and leaves. 23 1 Specialized Tissues in Plants Seed Plant Structure The three principal organs of seed plants are roots, stems, and leaves. 1 of 34 23 1 Specialized Tissues in Plants Seed Plant Structure Roots: absorb

More information

Botany Physiology. Due Date Code Period Earned Points

Botany Physiology. Due Date Code Period Earned Points Botany Physiology Name C/By Due Date Code Period Earned Points Bot Phys 5N5 Stem Forms Bot Phys 5-05 Identify the major forms of stems in plants I. Identify the major forms of stems in plants A. internal

More information

Tree Physiology. Sara Rose

Tree Physiology. Sara Rose Tree Physiology Sara Rose What is a Tree? U.S. Forest Service Woody plants that have well-developed stems and that usually are more than 12 feet tall at maturity. Merriam-Webster A woody perennial plant

More information

Chapter 23 Notes Roots Stems Leaves

Chapter 23 Notes Roots Stems Leaves Chapter 23 Notes Roots Stems Leaves I. Specialized tissue in plants - effective way to ensure the plant s survival A. Seed plant structure 1. Roots - a. Absorbs water and dissolves nutrients b. anchors

More information

Stems and Transport in Vascular Plants. Herbaceous Stems. Herbaceous Dicot Stem 3/12/2012. Chapter 34. Basic Tissues in Herbaceous Stems.

Stems and Transport in Vascular Plants. Herbaceous Stems. Herbaceous Dicot Stem 3/12/2012. Chapter 34. Basic Tissues in Herbaceous Stems. Bud scale Terminal bud Stems and Transport in Plants One year's growth Terminal bud scale scars Axillary bud Leaf scar Node Internode Node Chapter 34 Lenticels Terminal bud scale scars Bundle scars A Woody

More information

Name: Plant stems and leaves (p. 1 of )

Name: Plant stems and leaves (p. 1 of ) Name: Plant stems and leaves (p. 1 of ) Introduction: Plants have a variety of configurations but the same basic structures. The three main parts of a plant are the roots, stems, and leaves. The tracheids

More information

PLANTS FORM AND FUNCTION PLANT MORPHOLOGY PART I: BASIC MORPHOLOGY. Plant Form & Function Activity #1 page 1

PLANTS FORM AND FUNCTION PLANT MORPHOLOGY PART I: BASIC MORPHOLOGY. Plant Form & Function Activity #1 page 1 AP BIOLOGY PLANTS FORM AND FUNCTION ACTIVITY #1 NAME DATE HOUR PLANT MORPHOLOGY PART I: BASIC MORPHOLOGY Plant Form & Function Activity #1 page 1 PART II: ROOTS 1. Examine the examples of the two root

More information

SESSION 6: SUPPORT AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN PLANTS PART 1

SESSION 6: SUPPORT AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN PLANTS PART 1 SESSION 6: SUPPORT AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN PLANTS PART 1 KEY CONCEPTS In this session we will focus on summarising what you need to know about: - Anatomy of dicotyledonous plants Root and stem: distribution

More information

ARE YOU familiar with the sayings Get to

ARE YOU familiar with the sayings Get to Root Anatomy ARE YOU familiar with the sayings Get to the root of the problem or the root of all evil? Both these sayings suggest that the root is an essential part of something. With plants, the essential

More information

Forms strands that conduct water, minerals, and organic compounds. Much of the inside of nonwoody parts of plants. Includes roots, stems, and leaves

Forms strands that conduct water, minerals, and organic compounds. Much of the inside of nonwoody parts of plants. Includes roots, stems, and leaves Biology II Vascular plants have 3 tissue systems: Dermal Protective outer layer of plant Vascular Forms strands that conduct water, minerals, and organic compounds Ground Much of the inside of nonwoody

More information

NOTES: CH 35 - Plant Structure & Growth

NOTES: CH 35 - Plant Structure & Growth NOTES: CH 35 - Plant Structure & Growth In their evolutionary journey, plants adapted to the problems of a terrestrial existence as they moved from water to land ANGIOSPERMS (flowering plants) -most diverse

More information

STEMS Anytime you use something made of wood, you re using something made from the stem of a plant. Stems are linear structures with attached leaves

STEMS Anytime you use something made of wood, you re using something made from the stem of a plant. Stems are linear structures with attached leaves STEMS OUTLINE External Form of a Woody Twig Stem Origin and Development Stem Tissue Patterns Herbaceous Dicotyledonous Stems Woody Dicotyledonous Stems Monocotyledonous Stems Specialized Stems Wood and

More information

Plant Structure. Objectives At the end of this sub section students should be able to:

Plant Structure. Objectives At the end of this sub section students should be able to: Name: 3.2 Organisation and the Vascular Structures 3.2.1 Flowering plant structure and root structure Objectives At the end of this sub section students should be able to: 1. Label a diagram of the external

More information

Secondary growth in stems

Secondary growth in stems Secondary growth in stems Secondary growth Some of the meristematic cells in plants with secondary growth keep their meristematic state and become cells of the cambium. The addition of secondary vascular

More information

WSU and UI Master Gardeners March 1, 2016 Philip Shinn

WSU and UI Master Gardeners March 1, 2016 Philip Shinn WSU and UI Master Gardeners March 1, 2016 Philip Shinn What is a Woody Plant? Tree Biology CODIT Planting & Pruning Tree Triage C 9 H 10 O 2 Strengthens cell walls in Xylem Sequesters carbon 30% of

More information

Roots and leaves together are sufficient to take up all essential resources, so why make stems?

Roots and leaves together are sufficient to take up all essential resources, so why make stems? STEMS Roots and leaves together are sufficient to take up all essential resources, so why make stems? Stem functions 1. Support leaves 2. Conductance (connect root and leaf vasculature) 3. Storage (some

More information

The plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues, and cells. Plants, like multicellular animals:

The plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues, and cells. Plants, like multicellular animals: Chapter 28 The plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues, and cells Plants, like multicellular animals: o Have organs composed of different tissues, which are in turn composed of cells 3 basic organs:

More information

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development Plant Structure, Growth, and Development Plant hierarchy: Cells Tissue: group of similar cells with similar function: Dermal, Ground, Vascular Organs: multiple kinds of tissue, very diverse function Organ

More information

Plant Anatomy: roots, stems and leaves

Plant Anatomy: roots, stems and leaves Plant Anatomy: roots, stems and leaves The plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues and cells Plants, like animals, have organs composed of different tissues, which are composed of cells. Tissue is

More information

PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Read pages Re-read and then complete the questions below.

PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Read pages Re-read and then complete the questions below. PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Read pages 600-602. Re-read and then complete the questions below. 1. PLANT TISSUES - plant tissues are made up of 3 basic cell types: Parenchyma, Collenchyma or Sclerenchyma

More information

ROOTS. Syllabus Theme A Plant Structure and Function. Root systems. Primary Growth of Roots. Taproot system. Fibrous root system.

ROOTS. Syllabus Theme A Plant Structure and Function. Root systems. Primary Growth of Roots. Taproot system. Fibrous root system. Syllabus Theme A lant Structure and Function A2: Structure and function of the basic plant organs ampbell & Reece hap. 35 Selected page numbers ROOTS Functions Anchors the vascular plant Absorbs minerals

More information

Plant Tissues and Organs. Topic 13 Plant Science Subtopics , ,

Plant Tissues and Organs. Topic 13 Plant Science Subtopics , , Plant Tissues and Organs Topic 13 Plant Science Subtopics 13.1.2, 13.1.3, 13.1.4 Objectives: List and describe the major plant organs their structure and function List and describe the major types of plant

More information

Chapter 29: Plant Tissues

Chapter 29: Plant Tissues Chapter 29: Plant Tissues Shoots and Roots Shoots (Leaves and Stem) Produce food by photosynthesis Carry out reproductive functions Roots Anchor the plant Penetrate the soil and absorb water and dissolved

More information

Honors Biology I Ch 29 Plant Structure & Function

Honors Biology I Ch 29 Plant Structure & Function 3 Basic types of plant cells Honors Biology I Ch 29 Plant Structure & Function 1) Parenchyma cells- loosely packed or cells with a and thin, Involved in metabolic functions 2) Collenchyma cells- thicker

More information

Tree Biology. Keith Wood Colorado State Forest Service. (Modified for CMVFS 9/13/16 Donna Davis)

Tree Biology. Keith Wood Colorado State Forest Service. (Modified for CMVFS 9/13/16 Donna Davis) Tree Biology This session will cover tree anatomy (structure) and tree physiology (function) including how a tree is put together, how it grows in its environment and Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees

More information

Plant Structure and Function Extension

Plant Structure and Function Extension Plant Structure and Function Extension NGSSS: SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes. (AA) Part 1A: Leaves The leaf of a plant serves

More information

Plants. Plant Form and Function. Tissue Systems 6/4/2012. Chapter 17. Herbaceous (nonwoody) Woody. Flowering plants can be divided into two groups:

Plants. Plant Form and Function. Tissue Systems 6/4/2012. Chapter 17. Herbaceous (nonwoody) Woody. Flowering plants can be divided into two groups: Monocots Dicots 6/4/2012 Plants Plant Form and Function Chapter 17 Herbaceous (nonwoody) In temperate climates, aerial parts die back Woody In temperate climates, aerial parts persist The Plant Body Functions

More information

Chapter 29. Table of Contents. Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues. Section 2 Roots. Section 3 Stems. Section 4 Leaves. Plant Structure and Function

Chapter 29. Table of Contents. Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues. Section 2 Roots. Section 3 Stems. Section 4 Leaves. Plant Structure and Function Plant Structure and Function Table of Contents Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues Section 2 Roots Section 3 Stems Section 4 Leaves Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues Objectives Describe the three basic types

More information

Plant Structure. Lab Exercise 24. Objectives. Introduction

Plant Structure. Lab Exercise 24. Objectives. Introduction Lab Exercise Plant Structure Objectives - Be able to identify plant organs and give their functions. - Learn distinguishing characteristics between monocot and dicot plants. - Understand the anatomy of

More information

Plants. Tissues, Organs, and Systems

Plants. Tissues, Organs, and Systems Plants Tissues, Organs, and Systems Meristematic cells Specialized cells that are responsible for producing specialized cells, they produce three types of tissue in the body of a plant. Meristematic Cells

More information

Plant Growth and Development Part I. Levels of Organization

Plant Growth and Development Part I. Levels of Organization Plant Growth and Development Part I Levels of Organization Whole Plant Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Macromolecules Levels of Organization Whole Plant Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Macromolecules 1

More information

Plant Anatomy AP Biology

Plant Anatomy AP Biology Plant Anatomy 2006-2007 Basic plant anatomy 1 root root tip root hairs Roots 1 Roots anchor plant in soil, absorb minerals & water, & store food fibrous roots (1) mat of thin roots that spread out monocots

More information

Chapter #35~ Plant Structure and Growth

Chapter #35~ Plant Structure and Growth Chapter #35~ Plant Structure and Growth What part of a plant is represented by each of these: Carrot Celery Red Pepper Tomato Lettuce Garbanzo Bean Angiosperm structure Three basic organs: Roots (root

More information

Plant Anatomy: roots, stems and leaves

Plant Anatomy: roots, stems and leaves Plant Anatomy: roots, stems and leaves The plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues and cells Plants, like animals, have organs composed of different tissues, which are composed of cells. Tissue is

More information

2/25/2013. o Plants take up water and minerals from below ground o Plants take up CO2 and light from above ground THREE BASIC PLANT ORGANS ROOTS

2/25/2013. o Plants take up water and minerals from below ground o Plants take up CO2 and light from above ground THREE BASIC PLANT ORGANS ROOTS o Plants take up water and minerals from below ground o Plants take up CO2 and light from above ground THREE BASIC PLANT ORGANS o Roots o Stems o Leaves ROOTS o Anchor plant o Absorb water and minerals

More information

Roots anchor plants and absorb mineral nutrients from soil.

Roots anchor plants and absorb mineral nutrients from soil. Thu 3/30 Activities Learning Target Describe the forms and functions of plant roots and stems. (21.3) Describe the structures that are common to most leaves. (21.4) Identify the adaptations that allow

More information

Botany Basics. Botany is...

Botany Basics. Botany is... Botany Basics John Punches Oregon State University Botany is... The study of plants. 1 Plants in our Ecosystem Capture sun s energy Food source Replenish atmospheric oxygen Participate in water cycle Moderate

More information

Plant Structure And Growth

Plant Structure And Growth Plant Structure And Growth The Plant Body is Composed of Cells and Tissues Tissue systems (Like Organs) made up of tissues Made up of cells Plant Tissue Systems Ground Tissue System Ø photosynthesis Ø

More information

Levels of Organization

Levels of Organization Plant Growth and Development Part I Levels of Organization Whole Plant Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Macromolecules Levels of Organization Whole Plant Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Macromolecules Plant

More information

Plant Structure and Function (Ch. 23)

Plant Structure and Function (Ch. 23) Plant Structure and Function (Ch. 23) Basic plant anatomy 1 root root tip root hairs Roots Roots anchor plant in soil, absorb minerals & water, & store food fibrous roots (1) mat of thin roots that spread

More information

Plant Anatomy and Tissue Structures

Plant Anatomy and Tissue Structures Plant Anatomy and Tissue Structures The Two Major Plant Systems Reproductive shoot (flower) Terminal bud Node Internode Angiosperm plants have threse major organs: Roots Stems Leaves & Flowers Terminal

More information

Name Date Block. Plant Structures

Name Date Block. Plant Structures Name Date Block What are the Functions of Roots, Stems, and Leaves? Plant Structures Each part of a plant plays an important role in its structure and function. Roots, stems, and leaves are just three

More information

Basic Tree Biology a quick look

Basic Tree Biology a quick look Basic Tree Biology a quick look Jeff Ward, Chief Scientist Forestry and Horticulture Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Objectives What are trees cool facts What do trees need How do trees grow

More information

Chapter 35~ Plant Structure and Growth

Chapter 35~ Plant Structure and Growth Chapter 35~ Plant Structure and Growth Plant Organization Plant morphology is based on plant s evolutionary history Need to draw in nutrients from the ground and the air Plant Organs Root system = roots

More information

2 sentences. Why your first answer was wrong Why your new answer is correct

2 sentences. Why your first answer was wrong Why your new answer is correct 2 sentences Why your first answer was wrong Why your new answer is correct Which biochemical process is outlined in the diagram? A. Anaerobic Respiration B. Aerobic Respiration C. Photosynthesis D. Transpiration

More information

Division Ave. High School AP Biology

Division Ave. High School AP Biology Monocots & dicots Angiosperm are divide into 2 classes dicots (eudicot) 2 cotyledons (seed leaves) leaves with network of veins woody plants, trees, shrubs, beans monocots 1 cotyledon leaves with parallel

More information

AP Biology. Basic anatomy. Chapter 35. Plant Anatomy. Shoots. Expanded anatomy. Roots. Modified shoots root shoot (stem) leaves

AP Biology. Basic anatomy. Chapter 35. Plant Anatomy. Shoots. Expanded anatomy. Roots. Modified shoots root shoot (stem) leaves Chapter 35. Basic anatomy root shoot (stem) leaves Plant Anatomy Expanded anatomy root root tip root hairs shoot (stem) nodes internodes apical buds axillary buds flowers leaves veins Shoots Shoots consist

More information

Anatomy of dicotyledonous plants

Anatomy of dicotyledonous plants Anatomy of dicotyledonous plants Differences between Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons All plants are classified as producing seeds or not producing seeds. Those that produce seeds are divided into flowering

More information

(A) Buds (B) Lateral meristem (C) Apical meristem (D) Stem (E) Trichomes

(A) Buds (B) Lateral meristem (C) Apical meristem (D) Stem (E) Trichomes AP Biology - Problem Drill 17: Plant Structure Question No. 1 of 10 1. What are hair-like outgrowths that protect and absorb nutrients? Question #01 (A) Buds (B) Lateral meristem (C) Apical meristem (D)

More information

What is a TREE? Woody plant (stems, branches, roots) Long lived (typically 100 s of yrs. sometimes 10

What is a TREE? Woody plant (stems, branches, roots) Long lived (typically 100 s of yrs. sometimes 10 What is a TREE? Woody plant (stems, branches, roots) Long lived (typically 100 s of yrs. sometimes 10 s or 1000 s) Single main axis (stem, trunk, bole) Typically 20-30 tall at maturity (note variability)

More information

Chapter C3: Multicellular Organisms Plants

Chapter C3: Multicellular Organisms Plants Chapter C3: Multicellular Organisms Plants Multicellular Organisms Multicellular organisms have specialized cells of many different types that allow them to grow to a larger size than single-celled organisms.

More information

23 Structure of Flowering Plants

23 Structure of Flowering Plants 23 Structure of Flowering Plants Flowering plants first evolved around 125 million years ago. www.mrcbiology.com 1 23 Structure of Flowering Plants www.mrcbiology.com 2 24 Structure of Flowering Plants

More information

Life Science Chapter 11 SEED PLANTS PART 2

Life Science Chapter 11 SEED PLANTS PART 2 Life Science Chapter 11 SEED PLANTS PART 2 Advanced Seed Producing Advanced Seed Producing Vascular Plants Class: Gymnospermae Class: Angiospermae» Subclass: Monocotyledoneae» Subclass: Dicotyledoneae

More information

Tree Anatomy. Arlington and Alexandria Tree Stewards Jim McGlone Urban Forest Conservationist Virginia Department of Forestry

Tree Anatomy. Arlington and Alexandria Tree Stewards Jim McGlone Urban Forest Conservationist Virginia Department of Forestry Tree Anatomy Arlington and Alexandria Tree Stewards Jim McGlone Urban Forest Conservationist Virginia Department of Forestry Tree Structure https://thelandscapebelowground.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/poster-tree-100dpi-black-and-white.jpg

More information

Today: Plant Structure Exam II is on F March 31

Today: Plant Structure Exam II is on F March 31 Next few lectures are on plant form and function Today: Plant Structure Exam II is on F March 31 Outline Plant structure I. Plant Cells structure & different types II. Types of meristems Apical meristems:

More information

Plant Structure and Function

Plant Structure and Function Plant Structure and Function A Meridian Biology AP Study Guide by John Ho and Tim Qi Plant Terms Growth: Growth Types Type Location Description Primary Primary Vertical growth (up-down), dominant direction

More information

Topic 2: Plant Structure & Growth Ch. 35 Angiosperms are the most complex plants. They are composed of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems.

Topic 2: Plant Structure & Growth Ch. 35 Angiosperms are the most complex plants. They are composed of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. Topic 2: Plant Structure & Growth Ch. 35 Angiosperms are the most complex plants. They are composed of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. Fig. 35.8 Plant Cells pp.798-802 Types of plant cells Include:

More information

Basic Principles of Plant Science EXAMINING PLANT STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS

Basic Principles of Plant Science EXAMINING PLANT STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Basic Principles of Plant Science EXAMINING PLANT STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Cellular Structure of Plants Cells are the structural basis of all living organisms. A cell is a tiny structure that forms the

More information

THE STEMS. Botany nomenclature cards #24 - #34. 3 x 5 cards, blank labels, black pen. 2. Refer to 'The Plant' wall chart and point out the stem.

THE STEMS. Botany nomenclature cards #24 - #34. 3 x 5 cards, blank labels, black pen. 2. Refer to 'The Plant' wall chart and point out the stem. THE STEMS Materials A full stem (Ficus, Schefflera) collected by the teacher and/or the children Botany nomenclature cards #24 - #34 Magnifying glasses 3 x 5 cards, blank labels, black pen Group Presentation:

More information

Page 1. Gross Anatomy of a typical plant (Angiosperm = Flowering Plant): Gross Anatomy of a typical plant (Angiosperm = Flowering Plant):

Page 1. Gross Anatomy of a typical plant (Angiosperm = Flowering Plant): Gross Anatomy of a typical plant (Angiosperm = Flowering Plant): Chapter 43: Plant Form and Function Gross Anatomy of a typical plant (Angiosperm = Flowering Plant): Root System Anchor plant Absorb water / nutrients Store surplus sugars Transport materials from / to

More information

23 2 Roots Slide 2 of 36

23 2 Roots Slide 2 of 36 2 of 36 Types of Roots Types of Roots What are the two main types of roots? 3 of 36 Types of Roots The two main types of roots are: taproots, which are found mainly in dicots, and fibrous roots, which

More information

Structures of Seed Plants

Structures of Seed Plants CHAPTER 12 SECTION 4 Introduction to Plants Structures of Seed Plants BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What are the functions of roots and stems?

More information

Plant Organization. Learning Objectives. Angiosperm Tissues. Angiosperm Body Plan

Plant Organization. Learning Objectives. Angiosperm Tissues. Angiosperm Body Plan Plant Organization Learning Objectives 1. List and give the major function of the three main types of plant tissues 2. Identify a monocot verses a eudicot plant by observing either root, stem, leaf, or

More information

Lecture 4 Root Put line under your answer! There is only one correct answer in the multiple choice questions

Lecture 4 Root Put line under your answer! There is only one correct answer in the multiple choice questions Lecture 4 Root Put line under your answer! There is only one correct answer in the multiple choice questions 1. The perception of gravity by a root is thought to take place in a) root hairs b) the region

More information

Scientific Identification & Classification

Scientific Identification & Classification Scientific Identification & Classification Plant Parts Leaves Stems Roots Flowers Leaves-External Petiole-leaf stalk or part that connects the leaf to the stem Blade-the large, flat part of the leaf Midrib-the

More information

Roots and Soil Chapter 5

Roots and Soil Chapter 5 Roots and Soil Chapter 5 Plant Organs Plant organs are groups of several types of tissues that together perform a particular function. Vegetative organs roots, stems, leaves make and use food, absorb water

More information

Biology Slide 1 of 36

Biology Slide 1 of 36 Biology 1 of 36 2 of 36 Types of Roots Types of Roots What are the two main types of roots? 3 of 36 Types of Roots The two main types of roots are: taproots, which are found mainly in dicots, and fibrous

More information

13.2 The Vascular Plant Body (textbook p )

13.2 The Vascular Plant Body (textbook p ) 13.2 The Vascular Plant Body (textbook p544 550) Learning Goal: Label and explain the anatomy of the Vascular Plant and it's Tissue Types Plants are classified into two main groups: and. Vascular plants

More information

Partnerships Implementing Engineering Education Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester Public Schools

Partnerships Implementing Engineering Education Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester Public Schools Partnerships Implementing Engineering Education Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester Public Schools Supported by: National Science Foundation Life Sciences: 4.E.4 Seeds Part 1 of 3 Grade Level 4 Sessions

More information

The Plant Kingdom If you were to walk around a forest, what would you see? Most things that you would probably name are plants.

The Plant Kingdom If you were to walk around a forest, what would you see? Most things that you would probably name are plants. INTRODUCTION TO PLANTS The Plant Kingdom If you were to walk around a forest, what would you see? Most things that you would probably name are plants. Plants are abundant in almost every environment that

More information

DEPARTMENT OF LIFE AND CONSUMER SCIENCES. Plant Structure BOT1501. Semester I: Assignment no. 2 Memorandum

DEPARTMENT OF LIFE AND CONSUMER SCIENCES. Plant Structure BOT1501. Semester I: Assignment no. 2 Memorandum University Examinations DEPARTMENT OF LIFE AND CONSUMER SCIENCES Plant Structure BOT1501 Semester I: Assignment no. 2 Memorandum 2018 QUESTION 1 1.1 Primary growth is the production of new primary tissues

More information

PLANT TISSUES 12 MARCH 2014

PLANT TISSUES 12 MARCH 2014 PLANT TISSUES 12 MARCH 2014 Lesson Description In this lesson we: Identify the different types of plant tissue Be able to relate the different structures with the different functions Plant Tissue Summary

More information

Objective: To teach students the basic anatomy of trees and how different cells function to promote tree survival.

Objective: To teach students the basic anatomy of trees and how different cells function to promote tree survival. Objective: To teach students the basic anatomy of trees and how different cells function to promote tree survival. Materials: Paper Markers/Crayons Tree Anatomy Labels Tree Cookie examples White Paper

More information

The secondary meristem result in growth in a lateral direction, such as the increase in girth of a tree.

The secondary meristem result in growth in a lateral direction, such as the increase in girth of a tree. Chapter 9b-Stems and Material Transport Woody plants produce wood tissue and bark through the activity of secondary meristems: The secondary meristem result in growth in a lateral direction, such as the

More information

Directed Reading A. Section: Structures of Seed Plants ROOTS. Skills Worksheet

Directed Reading A. Section: Structures of Seed Plants ROOTS. Skills Worksheet Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Structures of Seed Plants Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. 1. What supplies a seed plant with the things it needs to survive? a.

More information

Fun with Botany 2009

Fun with Botany 2009 Fun with Botany 2009 Fun with Botany April, 2002 Plant Uses and Types Gymnosperms Angiosperms Monocots Dicots Gymnosperms Keep leaves which are either needles or flat scales Seeds are not enclosed Give

More information

Big Advantage!:Vegetative reproduction is a faster way to reproduce compared to sexual reproduction if the environment is favorable.

Big Advantage!:Vegetative reproduction is a faster way to reproduce compared to sexual reproduction if the environment is favorable. DAY 5 OF CHAPTER 25 NOTES http://www.toto.com/misha/mavica/folliage2.jpg Asexual reproduction in plants is also known as vegetative reproduction. Methods of vegetative reproduction include plant structures

More information

The Plant body has a hierarch of organs, tissues, and cells. [2]

The Plant body has a hierarch of organs, tissues, and cells. [2] GUIDED READING - Ch. 35 PLANT STRUCTURE NAME: Please print out these pages and HANDWRITE the answers directly on the printouts. Typed work or answers on separate sheets of paper will not be accepted. Importantly,

More information

Chapter 15 PLANT STRUCTURES AND TAXONOMY

Chapter 15 PLANT STRUCTURES AND TAXONOMY Chapter 15 PLANT STRUCTURES AND TAXONOMY Chapter 15: Parts of a plant Manufactures food by photosynthesis Attracts insects for pollination Contains seeds Supports branches and transports food and water

More information

UNIT 6 - STRUCTURES OF FLOWERING PLANTS & THEIR FUNCTIONS

UNIT 6 - STRUCTURES OF FLOWERING PLANTS & THEIR FUNCTIONS 6.1 Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells with common function, structures or both. In plants we can find 2 types of tissues: Meristem Permanent tissues Meristem is found in regions with continuous

More information

Stems BI 103: Plant & Animal A & P. Learning Objectives

Stems BI 103: Plant & Animal A & P. Learning Objectives Stems BI 103: Plant & Animal A & P Outline: 1. Stems: monocots vs dicots--handout 2. Woody plant growth 3. Discussion problems 4. Monocots & soutside Learning Objectives What are the differences between

More information

Biology 2 Chapter 21 Review

Biology 2 Chapter 21 Review Biology 2 Chapter 21 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is not a tissue system of vascular plants? a. vascular

More information

today finish up cell division Continue intro to plant anatomy main plant organs basic anatomy: monocots versus dicots How to tell the organs apart

today finish up cell division Continue intro to plant anatomy main plant organs basic anatomy: monocots versus dicots How to tell the organs apart Download as an RTF file Download as a PDF file Biology 20 Fall 2001 Lecture #4 Jan 18, 2001 What did we get from last lecture? Plant anatomy introduction Tissue Types in plants Four basic tissue: meristem,

More information

Non Permanent Tissues - Meristematic Tissue

Non Permanent Tissues - Meristematic Tissue PLANT TISSUES Non Permanent Tissues - Meristematic Tissue Undifferentiated plant cells that are continually dividing by mitosis Large thin walled cells No vacuole Dense cytoplasm Large nucleus Found at

More information

Bring Your Text to Lab!!!

Bring Your Text to Lab!!! Bring Your Text to Lab!!! Vascular Plant Anatomy: Flowering Plants Objectives: 1. To observe what the basic structure of vascular plants is, and how and where this form originates. 2. To begin to understand

More information

Materials: 3 sets of cards, a teacher key, vocabulary list or glossary ((Vocabulary list is also available online below the corresponding program))

Materials: 3 sets of cards, a teacher key, vocabulary list or glossary ((Vocabulary list is also available online below the corresponding program)) I Have, Who Has? An Interactive Vocabulary Game Woodland Ecosystem Study Vocabulary Grades 4 th -8th Introduction: Below is a collection of cards that connect to the Woodland Ecosystem Study Vocabulary

More information

UNIT A: Basic Principles of Plant Science with a focus on Field Crops. Lesson 1: Examining Plant Structures and Functions

UNIT A: Basic Principles of Plant Science with a focus on Field Crops. Lesson 1: Examining Plant Structures and Functions UNIT A: Basic Principles of Plant Science with a focus on Field Crops Lesson 1: Examining Plant Structures and Functions 1 Terms Alternate leaf arrangement Bulb Cell Cell specialization Cladophyll Compound

More information

Plant Vocabulary. Define

Plant Vocabulary. Define Define Plant Vocabulary 1. Photosynthesis 2. Eukaryotic 3. Monocot 4. Dicot 5. Cotyledon 6. Roots 7. Stems 8. Leaves 9. Xylem 10. Phloem 11. Capillary action 12. Meristem 13. Apical meristem 14. Vascular

More information

PLANT TERMS Buds [V. Max Brown]

PLANT TERMS Buds [V. Max Brown] PLANT TERMS Buds A Bud is a vegetative shoot or flower (or both) that has not yet developed. It is a growing region (meristematic tissue) that is often enclosed by undeveloped (immature) or special protective

More information

Answer Key. Vocabulary Practice. 1. guard cell 2. parenchyma cell 3. sclerenchyma cell 4. collenchyma cell 5. All are types of plant cells

Answer Key. Vocabulary Practice. 1. guard cell 2. parenchyma cell 3. sclerenchyma cell 4. collenchyma cell 5. All are types of plant cells Answer Key Vocabulary Practice A. Choose the Right Word 1. guard cell 2. parenchyma cell 3. sclerenchyma cell 4. collenchyma cell 5. All are types of cells 6. meristem 7. ground tissue 8. dermal tissue

More information

Question 1: State the location and function of different types of meristem. Meristems are specialised regions of plant growth. The meristems mark the regions where active cell division and rapid division

More information

ISA Arborist Certification Training Chapter 1 Tree Biology

ISA Arborist Certification Training Chapter 1 Tree Biology ISA Arborist Certification Training Chapter 1 Tree Biology Illinois Arborist Association Arborist Certification Training September 1, 2015 Presented by: Ben Reynoso & Eva Saunders What is Tree Biology?

More information

Exchanging Materials in Plants

Exchanging Materials in Plants Exchanging Materials in Plants 1 of 23 Boardworks Ltd 2012 2 of 23 Boardworks Ltd 2012 3 of 23 Boardworks Ltd 2012 All living things need to exchange materials Plants need to obtain certain materials for

More information

Chapter 28 Active Reading Guide Plant Structure and Growth

Chapter 28 Active Reading Guide Plant Structure and Growth Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Chapter 28 Active Reading Guide Plant Structure and Growth In this unit on plants, the challenge for students will be to learn the new vocabulary. As we work through this unit,

More information

Lesson 2. Objectives: ocus: Subjects: Vocabulary: VOCABULARY

Lesson 2. Objectives: ocus: Subjects: Vocabulary: VOCABULARY Lesson 2 The Nature of Trees Objectives: 1. To understand what parts make up a tree. 2. To understand what function each part serves. 3. To understand the relationship between the function and parts of

More information

13.4 Roots Figure 2 primary root: primary root secondary root: secondary root taproots fibrous taproots: roots. fibrous roots: adventitious roots

13.4 Roots Figure 2 primary root: primary root secondary root: secondary root taproots fibrous taproots: roots. fibrous roots: adventitious roots 10. Why is it not surprising that many hydrophytes have little or no tissue? 11. The leaves of many underwater plants are finely divided, dramatically increasing the surface area that is in contact with

More information

Grade Level Suggestion: Grades 4 th to 5 th. Time Frame: minutes.

Grade Level Suggestion: Grades 4 th to 5 th. Time Frame: minutes. I Have, Who Has? An Interactive Vocabulary Game Woodland Ecosystem Study Vocabulary Grades 4 th -8th Introduction: Below is a collection of cards that connect to the Woodland Ecosystem Study Vocabulary

More information

The Anatomy of a Giant

The Anatomy of a Giant The Anatomy of a Giant ACTIVITY SUMMARY Students learn the basic anatomy of a redwood tree in the classroom. They then study the anatomy of a real redwood tree. CONCEPTS TO BE LEARNED 1. Plants such as

More information