SOIL EXCURSION TO WESTERN RUSSIA

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1 SOIL EXCURSION TO WESTERN RUSSIA (Moskow Volgograd Moskow) 09 th to 26 th August 2009 Flora and Vegetation of seven vegetation zones compiled by Monika Wulf (Photo: M. Wulf) (Latin plant species names are checked and some remarks are made by Vladimir Skvortzov, University of Moskow)

2 List of the seven vegetation zones according to BOHN et al Zone of hemiboreal and nemoral pine forests (südliche Taiga) (see zone D in BOHN et al. 2003) 2 Zone of mesophytic deciduous broad-leaved and mixed coniferous-broad-leaved forests (Laubwaldzone) (see zone F in BOHN et al. 2003) 3 Zone of forest steppes (Waldsteppe) (see zone L in BOHN et al. 2003) 4 Zone of herb-rich grass steppes (grasreiche Steppe/Steinsteppe) (see zone M1 in BOHN et al. 2003) 5 Zone of desert steppes (Trockensteppe) (see zone M2 in BOHN et al. 2003) 6 Zone of deserts and inland halophytic vegetation (Halbwüste/Wüste; binnenländische Salzvegetation) (see zone O and P in BOHN et al. 2003) 7 Zone of floodplains (estuaries and freshwater polder) (see zone U in BOHN et al. 2003) Reference: BOHN, U., Gollub, G., Hettwer, C., Neuhäuslová, Z., Schlüter, H. & Weber, H Karte der natürlichen Vegetation Europas. Maßstab 1: Map of the Natural Vegetation of Europe. Scale 1: Landwirtschaftsverlag GmbH, Münster-Hiltrup (Germany). ISBN Zone of hemiboreal and nemoral pine forests (südliche Taiga) (zone D in BOHN et al. 2003) Monday, southern taiga (10 km south of Verbilki and 15 km southeastern of Dmitrov) According to the map of BOHN et al the region 80 km north of Moscow belongs to the zone of hemiboreal and nemoral pine forests, partly with broad-leaved trees (lowland type). The zone is usually characterised by the dominance of Picea species mixed with Betula pendula, B. pubescens and/or Populus tremula. In the southern part of this zone also Acer platanoides, Quercus robur, Tilia cordata and Ulmus glabra may occur. In the herb layer occur holarctic and eurasiatic plant species with a wide habitat range from slightly acidic soils with a low nutrient level to soils with higher level of basic cations and nutrients. Forest vegetation here not typical since the trees had been planted about years ago. List of plant species presented by Vladimir Skvortzov, added by some plant species found by Monika Wulf in parentheses) Tree / shrub layer: Picea abies Pinus sylvestris Shrub species: Frangula alnus (Quercus robur) Sorbus aucuparia

3 Herb layer: (Calamagrostis epigeios) Calluna vulgaris (remark Vladimir: a dwarf shrub) Dyoptheris carthusiana Equisetum hyemale (Festica ovina) (Impatiens noli-tangere) (Luzula pilosa) Lycopodium annotinum (Maianthemum bifolium) (Melampyrum nemorosum) (Melampyrum pratense) Monotropa hypopitys (Oxalis acetosella) (Rubus idaeus) Solidago virgaurea (Trientalis europaea) Vaccinium myrtillus (remark Vladimir: a dwarf shrub) Vaccinium vitis-idea (remark Vladimir: a dwarf shrub) Mosses: Dicranum scoparium (remark Vladimir: or longisetum, which is probably more correct) Hylocomium splendens Pleurozium schreberi Ptilium crista-castrensis Tuesday, fallow land (Brachflächen) between Kuzyaevo and Jakot Tree layer: Betula pendula Populus tremula Herb layer: (Achillea millefolium) (Aegopodium podagraria) Agrostis tenuis (capillaris in German literature) (Artemisia vulgaris) (Chelidonium majus) Cirsium arvense Cynosurus cristatus Dactylis glomerata Deschampsia cespitosa (Equisetum arvense) Gnaphalium uliginosum Hypericum maculatum Juncus bufonius Lotus corniculatus Phleum pratense (Silene dioica) Spergula arvensis Trifolium pratense (Tussilago farfara) Veronica chamaedrys Vicia cracca Wednesday, Exhibition of plant species in the museum of soil science in Moscow Agropyron repens Amygdalus nana

4 Artemisia incana (remark Vladimir: I ve never been to the museum and am not sure the name is correct) Artemisia austriaca Artemisia sericea Avenastrum desertorum (remark Vladimir: Helictotrichon is more common in Russian literature) Caragana frutex (remark Vladimir: an alient plant) Carex humilis Cynodon dactylon Ferinac sulcata (remark Vladimir: Festuca? If so then = F. valesiaca) Glycyrrhiza glabra Koeleria gracilis (remark Vladimir: = cristata) Phlomis pungens Poa bulbosa Pyrethrum alchemillifolia Serratula nitida Spiraea hypericifolia Stipa capillata Stipa joannis Stipa lessingiana Stipa stenophylla Stipa ucrainia Friday, Tula Plantation of fruit trees (Obstplantagen) Only very few selected herbaceous species: Amaranthus retroflexus Echinochloa crus-gallii Setaria glauca or viridis Stachys palustris 2 Zone of mesophytic deciduous broad-leaved and mixed coniferous-broad-leaved forests (Laubwaldzone) (zone F in BOHN et al. 2003) The second excursion point is located in the zone of mesophytic deciduous broad-leaved and mixed coniferous-broad-leaved forests (BOHN et al. 2003). In the (Umgebung) surrounding of Tula we found especially lime-oak-forests (Quercos robur, Tilia cordata) as potential natural vegetation, partly mixed with Acer campestre, A. platanoides as well as Ulmus glabra. Friday, Tula-slash belts: zone of temperate tree species Tree layer: Acer platanoides Larix decidua (remark Vladimir: cultivated) Fraxinus excelsior Quercus robur Tilia cordata Ulmus glabra Ulmus laevis Shrub layer: Acer campestre Corylus avellana Euonymus verrucosus Lonicera xylosteum Prunus avium Herb layer: Aegopodium podagraria Asarum europaeum

5 (Carex sylvatica) (Circaea lutetiana) Dryopteris filix-mas Galium odoratum (Geum urbanum) (Lamiastrum galeobdolon) Mattheucia strutiopteris Mercurialis perennis Paris quadrifolia Polygonatum multiflorum Pulmonaria obscura Stachys sylvatica (Stellaria holostea) Urtica dioica 3 Zone of forest steppes (Waldsteppe) (zone L in BOHN et al. 2003) The Divnogor je region is located in the zone of forest steppes. Forest steppes here are sub-continental meadow steppes and dry grasslands with Festuca and Stipa species alternating with oak forests (Quercus robur) or scrubs. In the tree layer also Acer-, Carpinus, Fraxinus- and Tilia species may occur. Sunday, Protected area Divnogorje (chalk rocks) Herb layer: Agropyron cristatum Androsacae koso-poljanskii (= taurica subsp. koso-poljanskii) Astragalus albicaulis Cephalaria litvinovii Crambe tatarica (Falcaria vulgaris) Melampyrus argyrcomum Linum cretaticum Orobanche libanotis Pimpinella titanophila Stipa pennata Thymus cretatius Trinia multicaulis Monday, experimental station and museum (Research Institute of the Central Chernozem region, Dokuchaev-Institute) More information about Dokuchaev (also written as Dokutschajew, ) see: Forest stripes without herb layer and grassland with some typical plant species of the steppe zone. In the tree layer of the forest stripes: Acer platanoides Fraxinus excelsior Quercus robur Quercus rubra Tilia cordata Ulmus glabra Herb layer of the grassland between the forest stripes: Artemisia pontica Calamagrostis epigeios Centaurea scabiosa

6 Clematis integrifolia Cytisus ruthenicus Festuca sulcata(= valesiaca) Hieracium virosum Lavatera thuringiaca Salvia verticillata Seseli annuum Seseli libanotis Verbascum lychnitis Tuesday, Novoanninski: alluvial forests in the floodplain of the river Buzuluk Tree and shrub species: Acer tataricum Caragana arborescens (remark Vladimir: alien plant species) Fraxinus americana (remark Vladimir: introduced / planted) Lonicera tatarica Quercus robur Rhamnus cathartica Ulmus campestris Herbaceous plant species tolerating salt: Galatella rossica (= punctata) Limonium speciosum Plantago maxima Senecio grandidentatus Typical herbaceous plant species of the steppe: Aristolochia clematitis (remark Vladimir: a floodplain species) Artemisia abrothanum (remark Vladimir: a floodplain species) Centaurea microlepis Cirsium arvense (remark Vladimir: special race of the alluvial forests) Echinops ritro Eryngium planum Galatella rossica Galium rubioides (remark Vladimir: a floodplain species) Melampyrum arvense Peucedanum alsaticum Sedum purpureum Sedum telephium Serratula coranata (remark Vladimir: a floodplain & steppe species) Silaum silaus Veronica longifolia (remark Vladimir: a floodplain species) 4 Zone of herb-rich grass steppes (grasreiche Steppe/Steinsteppe) (zone M1 in BOHN et al. 2003) The region surrounding Busuluk belongs to the zone of herb-rich grass steppes, that is usually characterised by grasses, especially various Stipa species and Festuca valesiaca, but som Bromus and Poa species occurred, too. Among the forbs geophytes are typical steppe plants, e.g. Gagea species and Tulipa sylvestris. Wednesday, Busuluk relatively near Volgograd Grassland with a complex of hollows-and-gentle-hills-vegetation coincided with Solonetz-complexes, whereas in the hollows Artemisia species are dominant and on the gentle hills different of the plant species listed below.

7 Alchemilla millefolium Artemisia lerchiana (remark Vladimir: tolerant to salt) Artemisia pauciflora Cichorium intybus Dianthus campestris Eryngium planum Festuca sulcata (remark Vladimir: a local race) Galium humifusum Geranium columbinum Juncus gerardii tolerant to salt Koeleria cristata tolerant to salt Limonium speciosum (remark Vladimir: tolerant to salt) Linaria vulgaris Lotus corniculatus Plantago maxima tolerant to salt Plantago salsa (remark Vladimir: tolerant to salt, often occurs on marine coasts) Psatyrostachys juncea (remark Vladimir: tolerant to salt) Salvia tesquiquola Sedum telephium tolerant to salt Senecio grandidentatus (remark Vladimir: tolerant to salt) Taraxacum serotinum Tragopogon orientalis 5 Zone of desert steppes (Trockensteppe) (zone M2 in BOHN et al. 2003) Near the river Don the vegetation belongs to the zone of desert steppes and is usually characterised by xerophytic plant species like various Agropyron, Artemisia and Stipa species as well as some Chenopodiaceae (Gänsefußgewächse). Thursday, River Don Grassland/Fallow land near a plantation of apple trees Agropyron desertorum Artemisia lerchiana Cephalaria uralensis Chenopodium album (remark Vladimir: as a weed) Chondrilla juncea Euphorbia seguieriana Festuca sulcata (remark Vladimir: = valesiaca) Goniolium tartaricum Jurinea volgensis (remark Vladimir: = multicaulis) Kochia prostrata Koeleria cristata Limonium sareptanum Limonium speciosum (remark Vladimir: typical, but we didn t see the plant species) Linaria genistifolia Linoseris villosa Potentilla bifurca Scabiosa isetensis Silene volgensis (remark Vladimir: Otites volgensis is used by some Russian authors) Spiraea hypericifolia Stipa capillata Stipa lessingiana Tulipa (flowering in April) (remark Vladimir: probably biebersteiniana)

8 6 Zone of deserts and inland halophytic vegetation (Halbwüste/Wüste; binnenländische Salzvegetation) (zone O and P in BOHN et al. 2003) The salt lake Baskunchak is located about 5-6 km apart from the boundary to Kazakhstan and vegetation is characterised by plant species adapted to saline soils. Among others, many plant species belongs to the genera Chenopodiaceae (Gänsefußgewächse, e.g. the genus Salicornia) and Plumbaginaceae (Bleiwurzgewächse, e.g. the genus Limonium). Saturday, Salt lake Baskunchak Atrafaxus volgensis Bassia sedoides Calligonum dshungaricum Halocnemum strobilaceum (a succulent halophyte) Halotis caspica Salicornia herbacea (europaea) Tamarix caspica Phragmites australis (remark Vladimir: somewhere in abundance) 7 Zone of floodplains (estuaries and freshwater polder) (zone U in BOHN et al. 2003) In the azonal vegetation zone of floodplains woody species are dominant, especially tree species of the genera Alnus, Fraxinus, Populus, Prunus, Quercus, Salix and Ulmus. The herb layer is characterised by hemicryptophytes and geophytes adapted to the high spatial and temporal dynamic of the water level. Sunday, Achtuba-Area (east of Volzhskij, nea the small town Srednjaja) Azonal Vegetation (alluvial vegetation) Tree and shrub species: Crataegus spec. (remark Valdimir: monogyna at least) Eleagnus argentea Prunus domesticus Quercus robur Rubus caesius Salix alba Ulmus campestris Acroptilon picris Atriplex nitens Cucubalus baccifer Cynanchium acutum Datura stramonium Equisetum ramosissimum Euphorbia chamaejasme Euphorbia palustris Glycyrrhiza echinata Glycyrrhiza glabra Humulus lupulus Lathyrus palustris Phalaris arundinacea Phragmites australis

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