C. MARDARI * Introduction

Transcription

1 Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul L, fasc. 2, s. a. Biologie vegetală, 2009 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF EGETAL COMMUNITIES FROM QUERCO FAGETEA BR.BL. ET LIEGER IN LIEGER 97 FROM NEAGRA BROŞTENILOR RIER BASIN (EASTERN CARPATHIANS) C. MARDARI * Abstract: Two vegetal associations from Querco Fagetea Br.Bl. et lieger in lieger 97 vegetation class identified in Neagra Broştenilor river basin are presented in this paper: Telekio speciosae Alnetum incanae Coldea 990 and Poo nemoralis Tilietum cordatae Firbas et Sigmond 928. Each vegetal association has been described by phytosociological tables and analyzed from bioforms, floristic elements and ecological indices perspectives. Key words: QuercoFagetea, vegetation, Neagra Broşteni. Introduction QuercoFagetea vegetation class groups together both pure forests edified by deciduous species and also mixed forests edified by deciduous and coniferous species. In Neagra Broştenilor river basin we have identified only phytoceonoses edified by deciduous species: Alnus sp., Fraxinus sp. and Ulmus sp. from Alno Fraxinetalia (Oberd. 9) Passarge et Hoffmann 968 and Tilia sp. from Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawlowski in Pawlowski et al. 928 orders. Material and methods egetal communities from QuercoFagetea have been characterized through phytosociological relevées used as sampling method. Each plant species has been quantified in field using Braun Blanquet scale presenting the abundancedominance indices from to. Phytosociological relevées have been ordered and grouped in vegetal associations on the basis of characteristic, dominant and differential species [], [], [9], [0]. The biological forms and floristic elements for each species are those that have been given by. Ciocârlan [2] and the values used for ecological analysis (for light, temperature, humidity, soil ph and nitrogen content of soil) have been established by Ellenberg [4]. Information regarding the habitat type including these communities have been given by Gafta & Mountford [] and by Habitats Directive 92/4/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora Results and discussions. As. Telekio speciosae Alnetum incanae Coldea 990 Chorology: Telekio speciosae Alnetum incanae Coldea 990 association includes phytocoenoses edified by Alnus incana (gray alder) having Telekia speciosa as characteristic species in the herbaceous layer. These phytocoenoses are installed on plane or * Anastasie Fătu Botanic Garden, Iaşi

2 slightly inclined (2º) terrains, situated nearby water courses, with various aspects, on humid soils, situated between 0900 m altitudes. Besides the typicum subassociation (previously reported in literature: Lungu [7], Seghedin [] and Mititelu [8]) we have identified a new subassociation from this area: matteuccietosum struthiopteris Chifu et Zamfirescu 200. Floristic and phytocenotic composition: Floristic composition is varied. Trees stratum, characterized by a covering degree varying from 6 to 8%, is dominated by Alnus incana nearby sporadically appears Frangula alnus, Ulmus minor, Fraxinus excelsior, Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, Picea abies, Sorbus aucuparia etc. Shrubs layer includes a reduced number of species, presents decreased covering degrees (up to 0%) its composition including more frequently species as Sambucus racemosa, Daphne mezereum, Ribes uvacrispa, Lonicera xylosteum, Spiraea chamaedryfolia, Rubus idaeus etc. Herbaceous layer is the most diversified, presents variable covering degrees (08%), among the component species there are Stellaria nemorum, Impatiens nolitangere, Cirsium oleraceum, Salvia glutinosa, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Oxalis acetosella, Lysimachia nummularia, Eupatorium cannabinum etc. By phytosociological perspective, incresed constancy has been observed for the species characteristic to Alnion incanae alliance, Alno Fraxinetalia (Impatiens nolitangere, Stachys sylvatica, Geum rivale, Evonymus nanus, Solanum dulcamara, Fraxinus excelsior etc.) and Fagetalia sylvaticae orders (Mercurialis perennis, Daphne mezereum, Salvia glutinosa, Scrophularia nodosa, Euphorbia amygdaloides etc.) and also for QuercoFagetea vegetation class (Acer pseudoplatanus, Dryopteris filixmas, Tilia cordata, Spiraea chamaedryfolia etc.). Besides these species, in the phytocoenoses edified by Alnus incana grows other species, some of them characteristic to acciniopiceetea (Picea abies, Sorbus aucuparia, Oxalis acetosella, Streptopus amplexifolius etc.), other species from the meadows of MolinioArrhenatheretea (Filipendula ulmaria, Prunella vulgaris, Leucanthemum vulgare, Trifolium repens etc.), or from Epilobietea angustifolii (Galeopsis speciosa, Senecio ovatus, Fragaria vesca, Chamerion angustifolium etc.), MulgedioAconietea (Silene dioica, Polygonatum verticillatum, Hypericum maculatum etc.) and PhragmitiMagnocaricetea (Lycopus europaeus, Myosotis scorpioides) (Table I). Bioforms spectrum: presents the numeric preponderance of hemicryptophyte (H 6%) and phanerophyte (Ph20%) species. Geophyte (G%), hemitherophyte (Ht6%), therophyte (T4%) and chamaephyte (Ch%) species are present in reduced proportions. Floristic elements spectrum: is dominated by the eurasiatic species (Euras.6%). Significant proportions present also the European (Eur.4%), circumpolar (Circ.%) and central European (Eur. centr.2%) species. Reduced percentages have been registered for cosmopolite (Cosm.6%) species. Ecological indices spectrum: presents almost the same presence of the light (%), semishadow (2%) and shadow (28%) species. Most of the species from this association can tolerate large variations of the temperature values (are indifferent40%) or prefer temperate submountainous areas (4%) and have the main spreading area in Central Europe (8%). Also, most of the species prefers moderate humid (0%) or humid (2%), neutral (2%) and presenting variable nitrogen contents soils. For soil ph and soil nitrogen content can be observed significant proportions of species tolerating wide variations of the values of previous environmental factors (R x 8% and N x 20%). 6

3 Matteuccietosum struthiopteris subassociation Chifu et Zamfirescu 200 is characterized by the presence and dominance in the herbaceous layer (covering up to 6%) of the differential species Matteuccia struthiopteris. A comparison of the ecological indices values characterizing the species from the floristic compositions of the typicum and matteuccietosum subassociations does not point out significant differences between species requests for light and humidity. If temperature, soil ph and nitrogen content of soil are considered, it has been observed for the matteuccietosum subassociation increased proportions of species preferring more temperate areas, neutral and even alkaline soils, richer in nitrogen. Habitat type including presented coenotaxa: 9E0* Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (AlnoPadion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae). 2. As. Poo nemoralis Tilietum cordatae Firbas et Sigmond 928 Chorology: Phytocoenosis of Poo nemoralis Tilietum cordatae association have been identified on the left side of Neagra Brostenilor river, presenting almost a continuous distribution from the confluence point between Neagra Brostenilor and Negrisoara rivers and Neagra Brosteni locality. These phytocoenosis are edified by Tilia cordata (limetree), have Poa nemoralis as characteristic species in the herbaceous layer and are installed on slopes presenting inclinations varying from to 20º, preponderant eastern aspects, on neutral soils, at low altidudes ( m). They have been previously reported in literature by. Leandru [6] and T. Seghedin []. Floristic and phytocenotic composition: Trees layer, characterized by a covering degree varying between 89%, is dominated by the edifying species Tilia cordata nearby sporadically appears Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer platanoides, Ulmus glabra, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, Sorbus aucuparia, Picea abies etc. Shrubs layer presents covering degrees varying from 0 to 2%, in its composition more frequently can be met: Corylus avellana, Lonicera xylosteum, Daphne mezereum, Spiraea chamaedryfolia, Sambucus racemosa, Rubus idaeus etc. Herbaceous layer is the most diversified, presents variable covering degrees (040%) and includes numerous species as: eronica urticifolia, Polystichum aculeatum, Dactylis polygama, Salvia glutinosa, Milium effusum, Scrophularia nodosa, Galium schultesii, Hepatica nobilis, Lilium martagon, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Digitalis grandiflora etc. Regarding the phytosociological composition, increased constancy was observed for species of Tilio platyphyllaeacerion pseudoplatani alliance (Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer platanoides, Ulmus glabra etc.), Fagetalia sylvaticae order (Asarum europaeum, Isopyrum thalictroides, Milium effusum, Campanula rapunculoides, Lathyrus vernus etc.) and QuercoFagetea vegetation class (Corylus avellana, Mycelis muralis, Dryopteris filixmas, Moehringia trinervia etc.). Besides these species, in the mountainous forests edified by lime trees also can be found species characteristic to the conifer forests from acciniopiceetea (Sorbus aucuparia, Oxalis acetosella, Picea abies, Clematis alpina, Calamagrostis arundinacea etc.), from Epilobietea angustifolii (Fragaria vesca, Galeopsis speciosa, Senecio ovatus etc.) Galio Urticetea (Geranium phaeum, Urtica dioica etc.), MulgedioAconietea (Silene dioica, Polygonatum verticillatum, Hypericum maculatum etc.) or Asplenietea trichomanis (Polypodium vulgare, aleriana tripteris) (Table ). 7

4 Bioforms spectrum presents the numeric preponderance of hemicryptophyte (H 9%) and phanerophyte (Ph20%) species. Geophyte (G%), therophyte (T%) and hemitherophyte (Ht%) species are present in reduced proportions. Floristic elements spectrum is dominated by eurasiatic species (Euras.0%). Significant proportions present also the central European (Eur. centr.8%), European (Eur.%) and circumpolar (Circ.0%) species. Reduced percentages have been registered for cosmopolite (Cosm.%) and CarpathianBalkan (Carp.balc.2%) species. Ecological indices spectrum: highlights the preponderance of shadow (4%) and semishadow (8%) species, preferring temperate submountainous areas (4%) and having the main spreading area in Central Europe (%). Most of the species prefers moderate humid (68%), neutral (0%) or moderate acid (2%) and relative rich in nitrogen (7%) soils. For temperature, humidity, soil ph and soil nitrogen content can be observed significant proportions of species tolerating wide variations of the values of previous environmental factors (T x 42%, U x %, R x 2% and N x 2%). Habitat type including presented coenotaxon: 980* TilioAcerion forests from slopes, screes and ravines. REFERENCES. CHIFU T., MÂNZU C., ZAMFIRESCU OANA, 2006 Flora & egetaţia Moldovei (România). Edit. Universităţii Al. I. Cuza, Iaşi 2. CIOCÂRLAN., 2000 Flora ilustrată a României. Edit. Ceres, Bucureşti. COLDEA G., 99 Prodrome des associations vegetales des Carpates du sudest (Carpates Roumaines). Documents phytosociologiques, XI: ELLENBERG H., 974 Indicator values of vascular plants in Central Europe. Scripta Geobotanica, 9: 97. GAFTA D., MOUNTFORD O. (coord.), 2008 Manual de interpretare a habitatelor Natura 2000 din România. Edit. Risoprint, ClujNapoca 6. LEANDRU., 96 Stejarul pedunculat şi speciile lui însoţitoare relicte din faza molidişului cu stejăriş mixt şi alun din bazinul mijlociu al văii Bistriţa. Acta Bot. Horti Bucurest.: LUNGU LUCIA, 972 Caracteristicile structurale ale populaţiilor de Alnus incana L. şi Picea abies (L.) Karst. ssp. abies din mlaştina turboasă de la Cristişor, Neagra Broştenilor (Carpaţii Orientali). Acta Bot. Horti Bucurest.: MITITELU D., CHIFU T., PASCAL P., 989 Flora şi vegetaţia judeţului Suceava. Anuar. Muz. Jud. Suceava, ser. şti. nat., 0: SANDA., 2002 andemecum cenostructural privind covorul vegetal din România. Edit. ergiliu, Bucureşti 0. SANDA., POPESCU A., STANCU DANIELA, 200 Structura cenotică şi caracterizarea ecologică a fitocenozelor din România. Edit. Conphis, Piteşti. SEGHEDIN T. 98. Principalele asociaţii lemnoase din Munţii Bistriţei consideraţii metodice. Anuar. Muz. Jud. Suceava, 7: , 992 Habitats Directive 92/4/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora 8

5 As. Telekio speciosae Alnetum incanae Coldea 990 Table I Subassociation typicum matteuccietosum struthiopteris Nr. of relevé Altitude (m.s.m.) Aspect Slope ( ) Trees layer covering (%) Shrubs layer covering (%) Herbaceous layer N SE NE SE K covering (%) Surface of relevé Car. as. Alnus incana Telekia speciosa 2 2 I Dif. subas. Matteuccia struthiopteris 4 I Petasites hybridus Thalictrum aquilegiifolium Alnenion gluti nosoincanae et Alnion incanae Impatiens nolitangere Stachys sylvatica Cirsium oleraceum Stellaria nemorum Chaerophyllum I I hirsutum Equisetum sylvaticum Geum rivale iburnum opulus Rumex sanguineus I Alno Fraxinetalia Lamium maculatum I Circaea lutetiana I Glechoma hederacea Solanum dulcamara Sambucus racemosa Ulmus minor Ulmus minor (juv.) Pyrus pyraster Fraxinus excelsior I I I Fagetalia sylvaticae Mercurialis perennis I Daphne mezereum Lami um galeobdolon Salvia glutinosa M aianthemum bifolium Gymnocarpium dryopteris Ribes uvacrispa Fagus sylvatica Pulmonaria officinalis Rubus hirtus Scrophularia nodosa I I I Querco Fagetea Acer pseudoplatanus (juv.) Acer pseudoplatanus I I Lonicera xylosteum I Tilia cordata I Mycelis muralis I 9

6 Polygonatum latifolium Dryopteris filixmas Ulmus glabra Brachypodium sylvaticum Geum urbanum Spiraea chamaedryfolia accinio Piceetea Picea abies (juv.) Picea abies Oxalis a cetosella I I Sorbus aucuparia Sor bus aucuparia (juv.) Molinio Arrhenatheretea s.l. Filipe ndula ulmaria Prunella vulgaris Lysimachia nummularia Trifolium repens Dactylis glomerata I I I Caltha palustris Leucanthemum vulgare Trifolium pratense Poa pratensis M ulgedio Aconietea Silene dioica Phragmiti Magnocaricetea Myosotis scorpioides Lycopus europaeus I Galio Urticetea Urtica dioica Poa nemoralis Chaerophyllum temulum Geranium phaeum Angelica sylvestris I I Epilobietea angustifolii Galeopsis speciosa Fragaria vesca Senecio ovatus I I I Salicetea purpureae Symphytum officinale Salix purpurea Salix alba ariae syntaxa Geraniu m robertianum Stellaria media I Tussilago farfara I Rubus idaeus I Ranunculus repens Aegopodium podagraria Heracleum sphondyllium eratrum album Plantago media Salix caprea I I I Mentha longifolia Cardamine impatiens aleriana officinalis Carduus personatus Dactylis polygama eronica chamaedrys Campanula persicifolia Species in one revelé (K I): Evonymus nanus (rel. 6), Frangula alnus (rel. ), Equisetum telmateia (rel. 6), Isopy rum thalictroides (rel. 2), Carex sylv atica (rel. 7), Euphorbia amygdaloides (rel. 9), Ranunculus auricomus (rel. 8), Corylus avellana (rel. 8), Abies alba (juv.) (rel. ), Streptopus amplexifolius (rel. ), Lycopodium se lago (rel. ), Campanula abietina (rel. 60

7 4), Calamagrostis arundinacea (rel. 4), Juncus effusus (rel. 7), Hypericum maculatum (rel. 8), Polygonatum verticillatum (rel. 8), Scirpu s sylvaticus (rel. 4), Campanula trachelium (re l. 6), eronica urticifolia (rel. ), Eupat orium cannabinum (re l. ), Aconitum vulparia (rel. 2), Rumex acetosella (rel. 2), Galium aparine (rel. ), icia sepium (rel. 4), Geranium palustre (rel. ), Epilobium palustr e (rel. ), Arctium toment osum (rel. 6), Alliaria petiola ta (rel. 9), Origanum v ulgare (re l. 9), Chelidonium majus ( rel. 9), Campanula rapunculoides (rel. 9). Place and date of relevées: Neagra Broşteni (rel., 4): ; Glodu (rel. 2, ): ; Cris tişor (rel., 6): ; Ortoaia ri vulet (re l. 7,8) : ; Dârmoxa ( re l. 9): As. Poo nemoralis Tilietum cordatae Firbas et Sigmond 928 Table Nr. of relevé 2 4 Altitude (m.s.m.) Aspect E SE S NE SE Slope ( ) Tre e layer covering (%) K Shr ubs layer covering (%) Herbaceous layer covering (%) Surface of relevé Car. as. Tilia cordata 4 4 Poa nemoralis Tilio platyp hyllae Acerion pseudoplatani Geranium robertianum Acer pseudoplatanus juv. A cer pseudoplatanus I eronica urticifolia I Ac er platanoides Ac er platanoides juv. Galio schultesii Carpinenion et Lathyro hallersteinii Carpinion Dactylis polygama I Campanula trachelium I Ste llaria holostea Fagetalia sylvaticae Campanula rapunc uloides Fagus sylvatica 2 Fagus sylvatica juv. I Salvi a glutinosa Mil ium effusum I Isopyrum thalictroides I La thyrus vernus I icia sylvatica I Scrophularia nodosa I Me rcurialis perennis Asarum europaeum Epipactis helleborine Lamium galeobdolon Maianthemum bifolium Epilobium montanum Pari s quadrifolia Querco Fagetea Corylus avellana M ycelis muralis D ryopteris filixmas H epatica nobilis I Athyrium filixfemi na I Fraxinus excelsior Stellaria nemorum Moehringia trinervia Spiraea chamaedryfolia accinio Piceetea Oxalis acetosella I Picea abies I 6

8 Picea abies juv. S orbus aucuparia I L ilium martagon Abies alba Calamagrostis arundinacea Epilobietea angustifolii Fragaria vesca Galeopsis speciosa Senecio ovatus I Galio Urticetea Urtica dioica Geranium phaeum ariae syntaxa Digitalis grandiflora Alliaria petiolata I Stachys sylvatica I Ajuga reptans I Rubus idaeus I Gentiana asclepiadea I Impatiens nolitangere Aegopodium podagraria Cardamine impatiens Campanula persicifolia Lamium maculatum Geum urbanum Sambucus racemosa Cirsium erisithales Species in one revelé (K I): Polystichum aculeatum (rel. ), Ulmus glabr a (rel. 2), Lathyrus laevigatus (rel. 4), Pulmonaria rubra (rel. ), G alium schultesii (rel. ), Actaea sp icata (rel. ), Lonicera xylosteum (rel. ), Daphne m ezereum (rel. 4), Pyrus p yraster (rel. 4), Cruciata glabra (rel. ), Abies alba juv. (rel. ), Clematis alpina (rel. ), Hieracium transsylvanicum (rel. ), Streptopus amplexifolius (rel. 4), Polypodium vulgare (rel. 2), aleriana tripteris (rel. 4), Chaerophyllum temulum (rel. ), Cicerbita alpina (rel. ), Silene dioica (rel. 4), Polygonatum ve rticillatum (rel. 4), Hyperi cum maculatum (rel. ), Glechoma hederacea (rel. ), Chelidonium majus (rel. ), icia sepium (rel. ), Thalictrum aquilegiifolium ( rel. 2), Hieracium murorum (rel. 4), i ncetoxicum hirundinaria (rel. 4), Pteridium aquilinum (r el. ). Place and date of relevées: Neagra Broşteni (rel. ): ; (rel. 2,,4): ; (rel. ):