CARMEN AONCIOAIE * Introduction

Transcription

1 Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul LVII, fasc. 2, s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 2011 NEW CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATIONS FROM QUERCO FAGETEA BR. BL. ET VLIEGER IN VLIEGER 1937 CLASS, FROM THE LOWER BASIN OF THE BISTRIŢA RIVER CARMEN AONCIOAIE * Abstract: The paper presents the association Galio schultesii Fagetum (Burduja et al. 1974) Chifu et Ştefan 1994 from Querco Fagetea Br. Bl. et Vlieger in Vlieger 1937 and its three sub-associations (fagetosum, quercetosum dalechampii (Chifu et Ştefan 1994) Chifu et al and quercetosum roboris (Lupu 1980) Chifu et Zamfirescu 2001) identified in the inferior basin of the Bistriţa River. Keywords: forest vegetation, fagetosum, quercetosum dalechampii, quercetosum roboris, Bistriţa river basin, Moldova, Romania. Introduction The studied area is situated on the lower course of the Bistriţa River, between Piatra Neamţ and Bacău (Romania Moldova region). The association in its usual form (without differential species) fagetosum type was identified in eleven locations in the river basin and described in 25 surveys. The other two sub-associations that have as differential species Quercus dalechampii and Quercus robur were identified in only two locations at the same altitude (350 m) but at different latitudes in the studied region, one in the south area (quercetosum dalechampii) and the other in a northern area (quercetosum roboris). Materials and methods For vegetation analysis was used the method of the phytocoenological school of Zürich Montpellier perfected by J. Braun-Blanquet and J. Pavillard [6], [7], [12]. For synonyms was used the paper Flora ilustrată a României by V. Ciocârlan [5]. For the classification of the vegetation was used the two volume paper named Flora şi vegetaţia Moldovei (România) by T. Chifu and collaborators [4]. Results and discussions The paper analyses the structure of the three forest types. In the fagetosum case, it can be seen from the phytocoenological table (Tab. I) that the species that give structure to the association change (increase or decrease in numbers) with the latitude (from north to south) and the longitude (east towards the plains to west towards the mountains) inside the river basin. The differences between the two sub-associations ( quercetosum dalechampii and quercetosum roboris), are presented in phytocoenological tables. * Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Biology, Bd. Carol I, no. 11, Iasi Romania, carmensilva2003@yahoo.com 121

2 Galio schultesii Fagetum (Burduja et al. 1974) Chifu et Ştefan 1994 a. sass. fagetosum The association was identified in eleven locations (25 surveys) that are spread all over the basin s surface. It was previously presented by different authors in the studied area [1], [2], [3], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11] and enriched with new locations in the study period. In Bacău County was identified on the following itinerary: Runc Racova Izvoare Ciolpani and Racova Buda (Lespezi) Andrişeşti; at Trebeş; in Arsura Beech Rezervation and in Ţârdeni region (Ţârdenii Mici - Ţârdenii Mari). In Neamţ County was identified on the following itinerary: Micşuneşti Mărgineni Hoiseşti; Văleni Cut on Mănăstirii stream (Cut forest road) and on Iapa and Nechit streams. This type (fagetosum) is the typicum form, met in other cases, meaning that there are no differential species in the structure and that there is a homogenized floristic composition. The two species that create the association are co-dominant. Analyzing the surveys (Tab. I) it can be seen that the forest s structure is given by two genera of tree with a greater importance and coverage Fagus and Carpinus. Other species that grow along with these two are Cerasus avium, Tilia cordata, Acer campestre, A. pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus dalechampii, Q. robur and scarcely Robinia pseudoacacia, Abies alba and Picea abies. The analysis shows that in the first 14 surveys appears Fagus taurica as co-dominant with Fagus sylvatica and in the rest (11 surveys) there is only Fagus sylvatica, Fagus taurica appearing scarcely where the altitude is lower. The Bacău county region is warmer than Neamţ County even if the altitudes are similar and this is visible in the forest s composition tree, shrubs and herb species and in the richness of the floristic list, larger in warmer regions. Ecological analysis: 1. Bioforms (F ig. 1). The phanerophytes (Ph), representative for the association, cover about 26% of the total. In the herbaceous stratum, dominant are the hemicryptophytes (H) followed by the geophytes (G). 2. Floristic elements (Fig. 4). The associations is mainly composed of Euro-Asiatic (Eua.) species (33%) followed at a small distance by the European (Eur.) species (30%). 3. Ecological indexes (Fig. 7): 3a. Humidity: Regarding the preferences towards the soil humidity the best represented are the mesophytic species (U 3 ) with 76 species. 3b. Temperature: The air temperature preference it is easy to notice, most of the species belonging to the mesothermic category (T 3 ) with 83 species out of c. Soil chemical reaction: Regarding the preferences towards the soil chemical reaction, the higher values are encountered by the acid neutral (R 3 ) species, followed by the ones with preferences for weak acid neutral soil (R 4 ). b. quercetosum roboris (Lupu 1980) Chifu et Zamfirescu 2001 This sub-association was identified in Neamţ county, on Nechit stream close to Borleşti village, in the Goşmanu Mountains at 350 m, facing south and west. The tree layer is dominated by Quercus robur, Fagus sylvatica and Carpinus betulus (Tab. II). 122

3 c. quercetosum dalechampii (Chifu et Ştefan 1994) Chifu et al This sub-association was identified in Bacău County in Arsura Beech Reservation (Fântânele Forest Administration) on the Chicera hill, at m. The tree layer is dominated by Quercus dalechampii, while Fagus taurica, F. sylvatica and Carpinus betulus have lower values of the abundance-dominance (Tab. II). The two sub-associations have different number of species as quercetosum roboris has 54 species in composition while quercetosum dalechampii only 31 species. One explanation may be the age of the forest which in Arsura Beech Reservation is over 120 years and the development of trees is higher. Carex pilosa is, next to Carex sylvatica, the herb that in both cases edifies the grass stratum. In quercetosum roboris, Brachypodium sylvaticum adds visible to the grass layer. In quercetosum roboris the shrubs are represented by Cornus sanguinea and Coryllus avellana while in quercetosum dalechampii by Sambucus nigra. In the fagetosum case, all these shrubs are part of the composition depending on location. Sambucus nigra is present in the surveys made in Bacău region and not in the mountainous area of Neamţ (the region related to the inferior basin of Bistriţa river), same area with quercetosum dalechampii. Coryllus avellana is strictly related to the mountainous region while Cornus sanguinea is identified in the surveys from Bacău region and Neamţ non- or lower mountainous regions, similar to the case of quercetosum roboris which, was identified in a mountainous region but at a low altitude. Ecological analysis: 1. Bioforms (F ig. 2, Fig. 3). The phanerophytes (Ph), representative for the subassociations, cover about 31% to 24% the difference being that the quercetosum dalechampii has a bigger number of tree species than quercetosum roboris. The dominant species are the hemicryptophytes (H) with a greater percentage for quercetosum roboris (48 %) than quercetosum dalechampii (37%) due to the smaller tree coverage in quercetosum roboris. 2. Floristic elements (F ig. 5, Fig. 6). The sub-associations are mainly composed of Euro- Asiatic (Eua.) species, with a greater percentage for the northern sub-association quercetosum roboris 44% and 26% for quercetosum dalechampii. The European (Eur.) species for quercetosum dalechampii are in equal percentages with its Euro-Asiatic species (26%), but for quercetosum roboris they have only 22%. The Central European species (Euc.) represent 14% for quercetosum roboris and 24% for quercetosum dalechampii, due to the south-western location. 3. Ecological indexes: (Fig. 8, Fig. 9) 3a. Humidity: Regarding the preferences towards the soil humidity the best represented are the mesophytic species (U 3 ) with 79,5% for the nordic sub-association quercetosum roboris, and 60% for quercetosum dalechampii, where the xeromezophytic species (T 2 ) represent 26,6%, compared with 16,32% in the northern location. 3b. Temperature: Most of the species belong to the mesothermic category (T 3 ) with 93,33% for quercetosum dalechampii and 79,59% for quercetosum roboris. 3c. Soil chemical reaction: Both sub-associations are dominated by the acid neutrophylous species (R 3 ) (46,66% quercetosum dalechampii, 44,90% quercetosum roboris), followed by the amphitolerant species (R 0 ) 33,33% for quercetosum dalechampii and 24,49% for quercetosum roboris. 123

4 G 13% Th 6% TH 2% Ph 26% Euc 16% Circ 7% Cosm 4% other 10% H 49% Ch 4% Eur 30% Eua 33% Figure 1. Bioforms (fagetosum) Figure 4. Floristic elements (fagetosum) G 17% Th 9% TH 3% Ph 31% Euc 24% Circ 3% Cosm 9% other 12% H 37% Ch 3% Eur 26% Eua 26% Figure 2. Bioforms (quercetosum dalechampii) Figure 5. Floristic elements (q. dalechampii) G 20% Th 2% Th - TH 2% Ph 24% Euc 14% Circ 2% Cosm 8% other 10% H 48% Ch 4% Eur 22% Eua 44% Figure 3. Bioforms (quercetosum roboris) Figure 6. Floristic elements (q. roboris) 124

5 U R 6 5,5 5 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 1, U T R 6 5,5 5 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1, Figure 7. Ecological indexes (fagetosum) Figure 8. Ecological indexes (q. dalechampii) U T R 6 5,5 5 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1, Figure 9. Ecological indexes (q. roboris) 125

6 Conclusions The paper presents the associations Galio schultesii Fagetum (Burduja et al. 1974) Chifu et Ştefan 1994 and its three sub-associations (fagetosum, quercetosum dalechampii and quercetosum roboris) and tries to show the differences that appear inside the structure of the phytocoenosis within the studied area, going from north to south and east to west, entering into the mountains or remaining in the hills. Analyzing the ecological indexes, the floristic elements and the bioforms, is clearly visible that the characteristics of the vegetation class are well represented and are in accordance with the geographical location. REFERENCES 1. BURDUJA C., MIHAI GH., SÂRBU I., 1972 Flora şi vegetaţia Masivului Mărgineni (jud. Neamţ). Lucr. Staţ. Stejarul, Ecol. Ter. şi Gen., Pîngăraţi, : BURDUJA C., SÂRBU I., RUGINĂ R., 1982 Vegetaţia masivului păduros Runc (judeţul Bacău). Culeg. Stud. şi Art. de Biol., Univ. Al. I. Cuza Iaşi, Grăd. Bot., 2: CHIFU T., MITITELU D., DĂSCĂLESCU D., 1987 Flora şi vegetaţia judeţului Neamţ. Mem. Secţ. Şt., ser. IV, X, 1: CHIFU T., MÂNZU C., ZAMFIRESCU O., 2006 Flora şi vegetaţia Moldovei (România), I, II. Edit. Univ. Al. I. Cuza Iaşi. 5. CIOCÂRLAN V., 2000 Flora ilustrată a României. Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta. Edit. Ceres, Bucureşti. 6. CRISTEA V., 1993 Curs de Fitosociologie şi Vegetaţia României. Univ. Babeş Bolyai, Cluj Napoca. 7. CRISTEA V., GAFTA D., PEDROTTI F., 2004 Fitosociologie, Edit. Presa Univ. Clujeană, Cluj-Napoca. 8. MITITELU D., BARABAŞ N., 1976 Flora şi vegetaţia judeţului Bacău. St. Com. Biol. Veg., Muz. Şt. Nat. Bacău, : MITITELU D., BARABAŞ N., 1972 Schedae ad Floram Districti Bacoviensis Exsiccatam. St. Com. Biol. Veg., Muz. Şt. Nat. Bacău. Extrase. 10. MITITELU D., BARABAŞ N., BÂRCĂ C., COSTICĂ M., 1980 Contribuţii noi la cunoaşterea florei şi vegetaţiei judeţului Bacău. St. Com. Biol. Veg., Muz. Şt. Nat. Bacău, : SÂRBU I., ŞTEFAN N., OPREA A., ION I The present state of the natural reservations in Bacău County (Runc Wood). Univ. Bacău, St. Cerc. şt. Biol., ser. nouă, 4: ŞTEFAN N., 2005 Fitocenologie şi vegetaţia României, Edit. Univ. Al. I. Cuza Iaşi. 126

7 Table I. Galio schultesii Fagetum (Burduja et al. 1974) Chifu et Ştefan 1994 sass. fagetosum No. Survey Altitude (m) Expozition E - NV SE S E NE S SV S - - E SE V NV NNE NE NE E N S S S SE Slope's gradient Arborescent stratum cover (%) Shrubs and juveniles stratum cover (%) Grass stratum cover (%) Surface (m 2 ) charact. ass. Galium schultesii V Galio schultesii Carpinenion Carex pilosa III Festuca heterophylla II Glechoma hirsuta IV Stellaria holostea III Aro orientalis Carpinenion Fagus orientalis I Fagus taurica III Fagus taurica juv III Fagus sylvatica V Fagus sylvatica juv V Lathyro Carpinion Carpinus betulus V Carpinus betulus juv V Cerasus avium IV Cerasus avium juv III Dactylis polygama I Lamium galeobdolon III Lathyrus venetus III Mercurialis perennis II Tilia cordata II Tilia cordata juv II Vinca minor I Symphyto Fagion Campanula persicifolia II K 127

8 Cephalanthera longifolia III Epipactis helleborine I Hieracium transsilvanicum I Luzula luzuloides III Tilio Acerion Acer pseudoplatanus II Acer pseudoplatanus juv I Geranium robertianum II Tilia platyphyllos I Tilia platyphyllos juv I Fagetalia Asarum europaeum I Campanula rapunculoides II Carex digitata IV Carex sylvatica V Chrysosplenium alternifolium I Dentaria bulbifera II Euphorbia amygdaloides IV Galium odoratum V Geum urbanum III Lathyrus vernus III Paris quadrifolia I Polygonatum multiflorum III Pulmonaria officinalis III Rubus hirtus III Salvia glutinosa III Sanicula europaea V Viola reichenbachiana IV Alnion et Alno Fraxinetalia Carex remota I Circea lutetiana II Equisetum sylvaticum II Euphorbia stricta I 128

9 Impatiens noli-tangere II Lamium maculatum I Rumex sanguineus I Sambucus nigra I Stachys sylvatica II Stellaria nemorum II Querco Fagetea Acer campestre III Acer campestre juv II Acer platanoides II Acer platanoides juv I Ajuga reptans I Anemone nemorosa I Anemone ranunculoides I Athyrium filix-femina Brachypodium sylvaticum II IV Corylus avellana I Dryopteris filix-mas II Fraxinus excelsior I Hepatica nobilis I Mycelis muralis III Poa nemoralis IV Quercus dalechampii I Quercus petraea II Quercus petraea juv II Quercus robur I Ranunculus auricomus ssp. auricomus I Ranunculus ficaria II Rosa canina II Vicia sepium I Viscum album II Quercetea pubescentis Astragalus glycyphyllos I Cornus mas I Galium rubioides I Lathyrus niger II 129

10 Polygonatum odoratum II Viola hirta I Rhamno Prunetea Clematis vitalba II Cornus sanguinea III Crataegus monogyna I Evonymus verrucossus I Fragaria vesca III Ligustrum vulgare II Vaccinio Piceetea Abies alba I Picea abies I Picea abies juv I Epilobietea angustifolii Atropa belladonna I Epilobium collinum I Galeopsis tetrahit III Torillis japonica II Trifolio Geranietea Lapsana communis IV Trifolium medium I Galio Urticetea Alliaria petiolata II Chaerophyllim temulum II Chelidonium majus III Robinia pseudoacacia I Robinia pseudoacacia I juv Molinio Arrhenatheretea Lysimachia nummularia II Potentilla reptans I Prunella vulgaris II Viola canina ssp. ruppii I Symphytum officinale III Place and data of surveys: 1 Runc - Racova (Bacău County), July 7, 2007; 2 Racova - Ciolpani (Bacău County), July 7, 2007; 3 Racova - Izvoare (Bacău County), July 8, 2007; 4, 5 Racova - Buda - Lespezi (Bacău County), May 17, 2006 (survey 4), June 10, 2007 (survey 5); 6, 7 Buda (Lespezi) - Andrişeşti (Bacău County), July 8, 2007; 8, 9 Trebeş (Bacău County), May 17, 2006 (survey 8), August 20, 2007 (survey 9); Arsura Beech Reservation (Bacău County), August 20, 2007; 13, 14 Ţârdeni region (Bacău County), August 20, 2007; 15, 16 Micşuneşti - Mărgineni - Hoiseşti (Neamţ County), July 9, 2007; 17, 18 Văleni - Cut (Neamţ County), July 9, 2007; 19, 20 Mănăstirii stream (Neamţ County), September 17, 2007; 21, 22 Iapa stream (Neamţ County), September 18, 2007; Nechit stream (Neamţ County), July 10,

11 Table II. Galio schultesii Fagetum (Burduja et al. 1974) Chifu et Ştefan 1994 Sub-association quercetosum roboris quercetosum dalechampii No. Survey Altitude (m) Expozition S SSV SV E - - Slope's gradient Arborescent stratum cover (%) Shrubs and juv. stratum cover % Grass stratum cover (%) Surface (m 2 ) as. charact. Galium schultesii sass. diff. Quercus robur Quercus robur juv Quercus dalechampii Quercus dalechampii juv Galio schultesii Carpinenion Campanula trachelium Carex pilosa Glechoma hirsuta Aro orientalis Carpinetum Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica juv Lathyro hallersteinii Carpinion Carpinus betulus Cerasus avium Fagus orientalis Fagus taurica Fagus taurica juv Tilia cordata Tilia cordata juv Stellaria holostea Symphyto Fagion Cephalanthera longifolia Epipactis helleborine Veronica officinalis Tilio plathyphyllae Acerion pseudoplatani Acer pseudoplatanus Geranium robertianum Tilia plathyphyllos Tilia plathyphyllos juv Fagetalia sylvaticae Asarum europaeum

12 Campanula rapunculoides Carex sylvatica Euphorbia amygdaloides Galium odoratum Hieracium transsilvanicum Lathraea squamaria Lathyrus vernus Mercurialis perennis Polygonum latifolium Salvia glutinosa Sanicula europaea Viola reichenbachiana Alnion incanae et Alno Fraxinetalia Aegopodium podagraria Lamium maculatum Stachis sylvatica Querco Fagetea Acer campestre Athyrium filix-femina Brachypodium sylvaticum Dryopteris filix-mas Fraxinus excelsior Mycelis muralis Neottia nidus-avis Vicia sepium Quercetea pubescentis Astragallus glycyphyllos Calamintha menthifolia Polygonatum odoratum Rhamno Prunetea Clematis vitalba Cornus sanguinea Corylus avellana Fragaria vesca Sambucus nigra Epilobietea angustifolii Digitalis grandiflora Dipsacus pilosus Galeopsis speciosa Torillis japonica Molinio Arhhenatheretea Bellis perennis Prunella vulgaris Place and data of surveys: 1-3 Borleşti (Nechit stream, Neamţ County), July 16, 2006; 4-6 Arsura Beech Reservation (Fântânele Forest Administration, Bacău County), August 19,