CONTRIBUTIONS TO MOLDOVA RIVER S INFERIOR BASIN VEGETATION KNOWLEDGE MĂRIUŢA CONSTANTIN , T. CHIFU

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1 Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul L, s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 24 CONTRIBUTIONS TO MOLDOVA RIVER S INFERIOR BASIN VEGETATION KNOWLEDGE MĂRIUŢA CONSTANTIN *, T. CHIFU * Abstract: Authors describes in this paper two vegetal associations (mesophyllus grasslands), Festuco rubrae-agrostetum capillaris Horvatić 1951 and Trisetetum flavescentis Rűbel 1911 from the inferior basin of Moldova river. Key words: phytosociology, Moldova river, vegetal association The studied vegetation area lies in the north-east part of Eastern Carpathians and the north-west part of Moldova Plateau, mainly on the inferior course of Moldova river and partly on it s middle course (Păltinosa, Capu Câmpului, Berchişeşti). This area belongs to the extracarpathian region and also includes the hydrographic basins of Suha Mică, Suha Mare, Neamţ and Topoliţa rivers. Many scientists have made vegetation researches in this region, such as: C. Burduja [1], T. Chifu [2, 3], D. Dăscălescu [4], D. Mititelu [6, 7], M. Răvăruţ [9] and M. Toma [1]. As a result of the previous researches concerning the vegetation of this region, two grassland vegetal associations having the following cenotaxonomic classification are presented in this paper: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea R. Tx em. R. Tx. 197 Arrhenatheretalia R. Tx Cynosurion R. Tx Ass. Festuco rubrae-agrostetum capillaris Horvatić 1951 Polygono-Trisetion Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. ex Marschall Ass. Trisetetum flavescentis Rűbel Ass. Festuco rubrae-agrostetum capillaris Horvatić 1951 It is a typical mesophyllus and characteristic to the mountain regions association, widespread in whole studied zone and covering considerable areas between 5-85 m altitudes. It is installed on plane and also on inclined grounds, without exhibition preferences, on the plateaus and plains of the slope base, on deforested areas. It is a derived association, widespread in the middle mountains levels, used as a qualitative superior by the fodder viewpoint, pasture. It is well consolidated, with a unit covering vegetation. The cover degree has a 8-1% value, depending of the relief slope and of the fallow period. The soil is represented by the forest brown-mountain type, rich in humus, temperate or less acid. At the Neamţ Monastery, Stânca, Pâţâligeni Boboieşti rivulet, in the Neamt river basin, have been identified phytocenosis of this association. * Faculty of Biology, University "Al. I. Cuza" Iassy, Romania 113

2 The floristic composition (tab. 1) includes a lot of middle size poaceae such as Festuca rubra and Agrostis capillaris as characteristic species and sharing dominance in all the phytocenosis; many times there is a co-dominance relation and sometimes a underdominance relation between this two species. In many relevès, Briza media, Holcus lanatus, Anthoxanthum odoratum, etc. have been recorded. The association s floristic composition is rich, variate and represented by 121 species: 61,15% from the total number of species belongs to the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class, 33% belongs to the Festuco- Brometea class, 5% belongs to the Stellarietea class, 3% to the Artemisietea and Nardo- Callunetea classes and 1,74% are companion species. Besides the great variety of the floristic composition, a big number of good and very good fodder species has been found, but also fooderless and other, showing the weeds invasion phenomenon in this grassland. The bioforms spectrum (fig. 1) is: H-67.37%, T-11.35%, Ht- 9.22%, G-8.51%, Ch-2.84%, Ph-.71%. It is observed the clear dominance of the hemicryptophytes (H-67.37%), fact illustrating the temperate climate and the grassy formations abundance constituted by poaceae followed by therophytes. The phytogeographic elements spectrum (fig. 2) is: Euras %, Eur.-25.5%, Centr. eur.-4.26%, Circ.-5.67%, Cosm.-7.9%, Pont.-4.96%, Adv.-.71%. From the floristic viewpoint, a characteristic note is given by the circumpolar elements Festuca rubra and Agrostis capillaris, species forming the base of this grassland beside the other floristic elements. Concordant with the ecological quotients (fig. 3), the spectrum shows us the light fond plants domination, characteristic to a temperate climate, vegetating on brown soils, brown-acid soils, rich in humus and total nitrogen, and being mesophytes, mesohygrophytes and eurimesotrophics. 2. Ass. Trisetetum flavescentis Rübel 1911 This vegetal association has been met in the inferior mountain level, between 5-8m altitude until 1m altitudes, therefore in the studied area, it is situated in the same height limits. It is installed in the valleys and on the main courses terraces on plane or temperate inclined grounds; the association is developing on sandy or a little eroded soil, on small areas. Trisetetum flavescentis Horvatić 1911 has been identified in the Neamt river basin at Neamt Monastery, Pipirig-Boboiesti rivulet, Pluton, in the Suha Mare river basin at Malin and Valeni, in the Suha Mica river basin at Capu Câmpului, Slatina and Slatioara. The cover degree value (tab II) is high, about 85-1% due to the high density of the illustrating species, Trisetum flavescens, accompanied by numerous species belonging to Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Festuco-Brometea classes, etc. These phytocenosis are developed on sunny and more drying grounds. In moist stational conditions, a great number of Molinietalia order characteristic species is noticed, confirming the fact that this associations vegetates on low fertile and less moisturized to dry soils. The floristic composition is varied and represented by 99 species, rich in good and very good fodder species. Also, the presence of the Stellarietea and Artemisietea classes marking the grassland weed invasion can be observed. The bioforms spectrum (fig. 4) is: H-7,47%, T- 114

3 9,52%, Ht-8,57%, G-7,62%, Ch-,95%. The phytogeographic elements spectrum (fig. 5) is: Euras.-56,19%, Eur.-2,95%, Circ.-5,71%, Cosm.-1,47%, Centr.-eur.-3,81%, Pont.- medit.-1%, Carp.-balc.-1%, Adv.-1%. The ecological quotients analysis (fig. 6) shows us the light fond species predominance, characteristic to a cold-temperate climate, preferring low moisturized to dry and low mineral nitrogen content soils. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. BURDUJA C., DOBRESCU C., GRÂNEANU A., RĂVĂRUŢ M., CĂZĂCEANU I., BÂRCĂ C., RACLARU P., TURENSCHI E Contribuţii la cunoaşterea pajiştilor naturale din Moldova sub raport geobotanic şi agroproductiv, St. şi Cerc., Şt. Biol. şi Agr., Acad. R.P.R. Filiala Iaşi, VII, 1: CHIFU T., ŞTEFAN N Cercetări fitocenologice asupra pajiştilor naturale din Valea Nemţişorului (jud. Suceava), Lucr. Şt. Stejarul Pângăraţi: CHIFU T., MITITELU D., DĂSCĂLESCU D Flora şi vegetaţia judeţului Neamţ, Mem. Secţ. Şt., Acad. R.S.R., Bucureşti, X, 1: DĂSCĂLESCU D., CHIFU T., ŞTEFAN N., ONOFREI TR., ROŞCA M Aspecte ale vegetaţiei din bazinul Tarcăului şi Neamţului (jud. Neamţ). Unele consecinţe ale modului lor de exploatare. Anuar. Muz. Şt. Nat. Piatra Neamţ: ELLENBERG H Indicator values of vascular plants in Central Europe. Scripta geobotanica, 9, Verlag Erich Goltze KG., Gottingen: MITITELU D., TEŞU C Contribuţii la cunoaşterea ecologiei plantelor din asociaţiile mezofile, higrofile şi hidrofile. Stud. şi Comun., Muz. Şt. Nat., Bacău: MITITELU D. şi colab Flora şi vegetaţia judeţului Suceava, Muz. Şt. Nat. Suceava, X: OBERDOFER E Suddentsche Pflanzengesellschaften. Teil. I, Ed. Veb Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena: RĂVĂRUŢ M., MITITELU D., TURENSCHI E Contribuţii la studiul geobotanic al pajiştilor din bazinul Moldovei. Lucr. Şt. Inst. Agron. Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iaşi, I: TOMA M., TURENSCHI E Contribuţii la studiul unor asociaţii ierboase din bazinul inferior al râului Suha (jud. Suceava). Anuar. Muz. Şt. Nat. Suceava, V: Fig. 1 As. Festuco rubrae-agrostis capillaris - Bioforme Fig. 2 As. Festuco rubrae-agrostetum capillaris - Elementele floristice H T Ht G Ch Ph Euras Centr. Eur. Cosm. Adv. Fig. 5 - As. Trisetetum flavescentis -elemente fitogeografice Euras Circ. Carp. Balc. Fig. 6 As. Trisetetum flavescentis - Indicii ecologici L T Ct U R N 115

4 8 Fig. 3 As. Festuco rubrae-agrostetum capillaris - Indici ecologici Fig. 4 - Ass. Trisetetum flav escentis - Bioforme L T Ct U R N H T Ht G Ch Molinio - Arrhenatheretea R. Tx em. R. Tx. 197 Arrhenatheretalia R. Tx Polygono - Trisetion Br. - Bl. et R. Tx. ex Marschall 1947 nom. înv. Ass. Triesetetum flavescentis Rübel 1911 Relevé no Altitude (m) Slope (degrees) Exposure S - S E SV N Coverage (%) Sourface (m 2 ) Association s characteristics Trisetum flavescens V POLYGONO - TRISETION Hypericum maculatum IV Viola tricolor ssp. subalpina III Trollius europaeus II Geranium sylvaticum II CYNOSURION Trifolium repens V Prunella vulgaris IV Phleum pratense IV Cynosurus cristatus III Leontodon autumnalis III Bellis perennis II ARRHENATHERION Crepis biennis V Campanula patula V Carum carvi IV Centaurea phrygia III Arrhenatherum elatius III Geranium pratense III Galium album I Equisetum arvense I ARRHENATHERETALIA Veronica chamaedrys V Briza media IV Campanula glomerata III Medicago lupulina III 116 K

5 Luzula campestris III Thymus pulegioides III Lolium perenne III Cichorium intybus II Myosotis arvensis II Knautia arvensis II Bromus hordeaceus I Rumex obtusifolius I CALTHION Myosotis scorpioides III Carex ovalis II MOLINION et MOLINIETALIA Stachys officinalis V Colchicum autumnale II Lychnis flos-cuculi II Symphytum officinale II Gymnadenia conopsea II Linum catharticum II Primula veris I Serratula tinctoria I Dactylorhyza maculata I POTENTILLION et POTENTILLO- POLYGONETALIA Potentilla reptans II Poa annua II Elymus repens II MOLINIO ARRHENATHERETEA Trifolium pratense V Festuca rubra V Dactylis glomerata V Lotus corniculatus V Achillea millefolium V Rhinanthus minor V Leucanthemum vulgare V Festuca pratensis V Agrostis capillaris V Taraxacum officinale IV Stellaria graminea IV Plantago lanceolata IV Poa pratensis IV Ranunculus acris IV Vicia cracca IV Ranunculus repens III Rumex acetosa III Alchemilla vulgaris III Holcus lanatus III Lathyrus pratensis III Euphrasia officinalis ssp III pratensis Cerastium holosteoides II Heracleum sphondylium II Tragopogon pratensis ssp II orientalis Alopecurus pratensis II Pimpinella major II Polygala vulgaris I FESTUCO- BROMETEA Trifolium montanum IV Filipendula vulgaris III Plantago media III 117

6 Medicago falcata III Pimpinella saxifraga III Scabiosa ochroleuca II Salvia verticillata I Peucedanum cervaria I Hypochoeris maculata I STELLARIETEA MEDIAE s. l. Rumex acetosella III Bunias orientalis II Convolvulus arvensis II Cirsium arvense I Erigeron annuus I ARTEMISIETEA VULGARIS s. l. Medicago sativa II Cirsium vulgare II Silene alba I Rumex patientia I ALIAE Trifolium aureum III Cerastium glomeratum III Cruciata glabra II Verbascum nigrum II Campanula abietina II Chaerophyllum aromaticum I Cirsium erisithales I Lychnis viscaria I Veronica officinalis I Place and date of the relevés: 1, 2 Neamţ Monastery, ; 3, 12 Stânca, ; 4, 5 - Pâţâligeni, ; 6, 7 Boboieşti rivulet, ; 8 Pluton, ; 9 Mălini, ; 1, 11 Văleni, Molinio - Arrhenatheretea R. Tx em. R. Tx. 197 Arrhenatheretalia R. Tx Cynosurion R. Tx Ass. Festuco rubrae Agrostetum capillaris Horvatić 1951 Relevé no Altitude (m) Slope (degrees) K Exposure SE SE V SE SE N N E S E V SV Coverage (%) Sourface (m 2 ) Association s characteristics Festuca rubra V Agrostis capillaris V CYNOSURION Prunella vulgaris V Trifolium repens V Leontodon autumnalis IV 118

7 Cynosurus cristatus IV Hypochaeris radicata II Phleum pratense II Bellis perennis II POLYGONO - TRISETION Trisetum flavescens III Trollius europaeus I Traunsteinera globosa I Gladiolus imbricatus I ARRHENATHERION Carum carvi V Centaurea phrygia IV Crepis biennis IV Campanula patula III Equisetum arvense II Arrhenatherum elatius I Daucus carota I ARRHENATHERETALIA Briza media V Thymus pulegioides V Luzula campestris IV Medicago lupulina III Cichorium intybus III Campanula glomerata II Rhinanthus rumelicus II Carlina acaulis II Galium mollugo II Veronica chamaedrys I Knautia arvensis I Bromus hordeaceus I Bromus commutatus I FILIPENDULION Equisetum telmateia I Mentha longifolia I MOLINIETALIA Stachys officinalis IV Linum catharticum IV Deschampsia cespitosa III Primula veris III Colchicum autumnale II Gymnadenia conopsea II Platanthera bifolia I Carex tomentosa I Lychnis flos-cuculi I POTENTILLION et POTENTILLO- POLYGONETALIA Potentilla reptans II Poa annua II Rumex crispus I Potentilla anserina I Rorippa sylvestris I 119

8 Elymus repens I Ranunculus sardous I MOLINIO ARRHENATHERETEA Anthoxanthum odoratum V Trifolium pratense V Festuca pratensis V Leucanthemum vulgare V Lotus corniculatus V Ranunculus acris V Plantago lanceolata V Stellaria graminea V Dactylis glomerata V Achillea millefolium IV Rumex acetosa IV Cerastium holosteoides IV Euphrasia officinalis ssp IV pratensis Rhinanthus minor IV Taraxacum officinale IV Polygala vulgaris IV Tragopogon pratensis III ssp. orientalis Poa pratensis II Holcus lanatus II Heracleum sphondylium II Alchemilla vulgaris II Ononis arvensis II Lathyrus pratensis I CIRSIO - BRACHYPODION PINNATI Trifolium alpestre I Trifolium pannonicum I Hypochaeris maculata I Cirsium pannonicum I BROMETALIA ERECTI Plantago media IV Trifolium ochroleucon IV Helianthemum II nummularium Carlina vulgaris I Linum austriacum I Prunella grandiflora I FESTUCION et FESTUCETALIA Thymus pannonicus I Ajuga laxmannii I Alyssum desertorum I Achillea setacea I FESTUCO - BROMETEA Hieracium pilosella IV Echium vulgare III 12

9 Euphorbia cyparissias III Filipendula vulgaris III Hypericum perforatum III Trifolium montanum III Potentilla argentea III Galium verum III Medicago falcata III Pimpinella saxifraga II Asperula cynanchica II Eryngium campestre II Hieracium bauhinii II Trifolium campestre II Euphorbia sequieriana I Scabiosa ochroleuca I Teucrium chamaedrys I Sanguisorba minor I Koeleria macrantha I Stachys germanica I Salvia pratensis I Salvia verticillata I Anthyllis vulneraria I Euphrasia stricta ssp I pectinata Fragaria viridis I Agrimonia eupatoria I STELLARIETEA s. l. Rumex acetosella II Cirsium arvense II Lepidium campestre I Scleranthus annuus I Bunias orientalis I Conyza canadensis I ARTEMISIETEA VULGARIS s.l. Cirsium vulgare II Leonurus cardiaca I Linaria vulgaris I Verbascum phlomoides I NARDETALIA et NARDO - CALLUNETEA Potentilla erecta III Danthonia decumbens II Carex pallescens I Hieracium lactucella I ALIAE Cruciata glabra III Erigeron acris I Rosa canina I Laserpitium latifolium I Dianthus armeria I Hieracium aurantiacum I Pteridium aquilinum I 121

10 Viola reichenbachiana I Cirsium erisithales I Carduus personatus I Campanula I rapunculoides Tanacetum corymbosum I Lathyrus niger I Place and date of the relevés: 1, 2 Neamţ Monastery, ; 3, 12 Stânca, ; 4, 5 Pâţâligeni, ; 6, 7 Boboieşti rivulet, ; 8 Pluton, ; 9 Mălini, ; 1, 11 Văleni,

THE ASSOCIATION ANTHOXANTHO-AGROSTETUM CAPILLARIS SILLINGER 1933, FROM THE RIVER SUCEAVA BASIN C. V. TOMESCU *, T. CHIFU **

Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul L, s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 24 THE ASSOCIATION ANTHOXANTHO-AGROSTETUM CAPILLARIS SILLINGER 1933, FROM THE RIVER SUCEAVA BASIN C. V. TOMESCU