CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF PALUDAL VEGETATION FROM THE NEAGRA ŞARULUI RIVER S BASIN (SUCEAVA COUNTY) LOREDANA ASOLTANI.

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1 Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul LIV, fasc. 1, s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 2008 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF PALUDAL VEGETATION FROM THE NEAGRA ŞARULUI RIVER S BASIN (SUCEAVA COUNTY) LOREDANA ASOLTANI Abstract: This paper presents three vegetal paludal associations identified in Neagra Şarului river s basin: Epilobio Juncetum effusi Oberd. 1957, Scirpetum sylvatici Ralski 1931 şi Filipendulo Geranietum palustris W. Koch 1926., described in a phytocoenological table and analysed from the point of view of bioforms, floristic elements and ecological indices. Key words: paludal vegetation, phytocoenology, Neagra Şarului river basin. Introduction Neagra Şarului river basin is situated in the north-east side of central groupe from Oriental Carpathians, in the Dornelor Depression, ascending the higher peaks of the Călimani Mountains in its south side. The Neagra Şarului river springs on the northern slope of Călimani Mountains, at an absolute altitude of 1832 m, and flows into Bistriţa river downstream to Vatra Dornei town [9]. Regarding the paludal vegetation existing in the investigated area, we present in this paper three associations, included in the following phytocoeno-system [1, 4, 6, 7]: MOLINIO ARRHENATHERETEA R. Tx. 1937: MOLINIETALIA CAERULEAE Koch 1926 CALTHION PALUSTRIS R. Tx Scirpetum sylvatici Ralski 1931 Epilobio Juncetum effusi Oberd FILIPENDULION Segal 1966 Filipendulo Geranietum palustris W. Koch 1926 Ass. Scirpetum sylvatici Ralski 1931 (Syn.: Scirpetum sylvatici Schwickerath 1944, Scirpetum sylvatici Maloch 1935) Results and discussions The association has a large spreading in Neagra Şarului river basin, populating the rivers valleys on alluvial soils, at m altitude, on plane or easy sloping soils. Phytocoenosis of this association have been identified in Plaiul Şarului area, on Sărişoru Mic river valley, in Coverca area on Negru and Deluganu rivers valley, in Păltiniş area, in Gura Haitii area, on Tamău and Haita rivers valley. Al. I. Cuza University, Faculty of Biology, Carol I Bd., no. 20A, , Iasi, Romania 121

2 As an observations, the association was first recorded in 1975, by M. Toma in his doctor s theses, in Şaru Dornei with two relevées, but we have to underline that this results didn t find again into a speciality publication. In 1989, it was also mentioned by D. Mititelu, without attaching a table of floristic relevées. The floristic composition of the assocition is relatival richly in species, respective 45 species. Sirpus sylvaticus is the main species in this association, realizing coverings of %. In the analysed phytocoenosis were identified 5 species characteristic to Calthion alliance (11,11%), 8 species characteristic to Molinietalia caeruleae order (17,78%) and 10 species characteristic to Molinio Arrhenatheretea class (22,22%). The excess of humidiy favours the presence of some species characteristic to Filipendulion alliance and Phragmiti Magnocaricetea and Scheuchzerio Caricetea fuscae classes (tab. I). After the analysis of the relevées, we notice the following: - the bioform spectrum shows the dominance of hemicryptophytes (75,56%) followed by geophyte (11,11%), hydro-helophytes (6,67%) and chamaephytes, phanerophytes and the therophytes in equal proportions (2,22% each); - the phytogeographic spectrum shows the predominance of Eurasian elements (42,22%), followed by circumpolar elements (28,89%), European (8,89%) and central element European (6,67%), cosmopolitan (11,11%) and alpine ones (2,22%); - within the spectrum of ecological indices, there is a predominance of species which have a low lever of tolerance of shade (51,11%), amphitolerant towards the temperature indice (44,45%), with a spreading area in oceanic climate (46,67%), adapted to excessive humidity (48,89%), amphitolerant to the soil reaction (48,49%) and to the content of mineral nitrogen in soil (20%). Ass. Epilobio Juncetum effusi Oberd (Syn.: Ranunculus repens Juncus effusus Paucă 1941) The phytocoenosis enlightened by juncus effusus have been found on plane surfaces, with a humidity surplus of soil and a low content of nutritive substance, at an altitude of m, in Neagra Şarului, Sărişor, Coverca, Panaci and Şaru dornei area. The association was mentioned before in Neagra Şarului river basin by M. Toma, in 1975 (Neagra ŞaruluI), presenting just a floristic list, and also by T. Seghedin in 1986 (Coverca) and D. Mititelu in 1989 (Panaci, Păltiniş), without attaching a table of floristic relevées. the restrictive conditions from stations populated by this phytocoenosis are reflected by the presence of species characteristic Epilobium palustre and Juncus articulatus and dominant species Juncus effusus which is realizing coverings of average 95%, and also by the presence of species Deschampsia caespitosa in most of the analised phytocoenosis, sometimes realizing important covering. alongside of this, there are other species that are part of the Calthion alliance and Molinietalia order, but also of the Phragmiti Magnocaricetea and Scheuchzerio Caricetea fuscae classes, characteristics to the biotopes with a hight humidity of soil (tab. II). After the analysis of the relevées, we notice the following: 122

3 - the bioform spectrum shows the dominance of hemicryptophytes (80%) followed by geophyte (12,72%), chamaephytes (4,25%), therophytes (2,13%) and hydrohelophytes (1,82%); - within the phytogeographic spectrum, one may notice the presence of a large number of Eurasian (40%) and circumpolar (36,37%) elements, followed by cosmopolitan and central European in equal proportions (7,27% each), European (5,45%) and alpine elements (3,64%); - within the spectrum of ecological indices, there is a predominance of species which have a low lever of tolerance of shade (50,91%), amphitolerant towards the temperature indice (52,73%), with a spreading area in oceanic climate (47,27%), adapted to excessive humidity (41,81%), amphitolerant to the soil reaction (49,09%) and in equal proportions, amphitolerant to the content of mineral nitrogen in soil and adapted to a low content of mineral nitrogen in soil (18,18% each). Ass. Filipendulo Geranietum palustris W. KOCH 1926 The association has been found on humid fields, with a high level of nitrates owing to a high antropo-zoological influence, at an altitude of m, in Plaiul ŞaruluI, Şaru Dornei, Şaru Bucovinei, Sărişor, Coverca and Tarniţa river valley. The association was not quoted before in the investigated area; it only was mentioned by D. Mititelu, in 1989, in Dornelor depression, but with no precise location. The main species in this association, Filipendula ulmaria, realize an average covering degree of %; in some of the analized phytocoenosis, the other dominant species, Geranium palustre, realize an important covering of 25% average. the hight humidity of soils populated by the investigated phytocoenosis, induces the presence of some species characteristic to the Filipendulion and Calthion alliances and Molinietalia order, also to the Phragmiti Magnocaricetea AND Scheuchzerio Caricetea fuscae classes (tab. III). After the analysis of the relevées, we notice the following: - within the bioform spectrum, one may notice the net dominance of the hemicryptophytes (81,36%), followed by geophyte (8,48%), hydro-helophytes (5,08%), hemitherophytes (3,39%) and therophytes (1,69%); - within the phytogeographic spectrum, one may notice the presence of a large number of Eurasian elements (47,46%), followed by circumpolar (23,73%), cosmopolitan (11,87%), European (10,17%), central European (5,08%) and alpine elements (1,69%); - within the spectrum of ecological indices, there is a predominance of species which have a low lever of tolerance of shade (50,84%), amphitolerant towards the temperature indice (54,24%), with a spreading area in oceanic climate (44,07%), adapted to moderate to hight humidity (20,34%), amphitolerant to the soil reaction (55,93%) and to the content of mineral nitrogen in soil (23,73%). 123

4 REFERENCES 1. CHIFU T., MÂNZU C., ZAMFIRESCU O., Flora şi vegetaţia Moldovei (România), vol. I, II, Edit. Univ. Al. I. Cuza Iaşi 2. CIOCÂRLAN V., Flora ilustrată a României Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta. Ed. Ceres, Bucureşti 3. MITITELU D., CHIFU T., PASCAL P., Flora şi vegetaţia judeţului Suceava, Anuar. Muz. Şt. Nat. Suceava, Şt. Nat., 10: MUCINA L., Conspectus of classes of European vegetation. Folia Geobot. Phytotax (Praha), 32, 2: POPOVICI D., CHIFU T., MITITELU D., CIUBOTARIU C., LUPAŞCU GH., DAVIDESCU G., PASCAL P., Pajiştile din Bucovina, Edit. Helios 6. SANDA V., Vademecum ceno-structural privind covorul vegetal din România. Ed. Vergiliu, Bucureşti 7. SANDA V., POPESCU A., BARABAŞ N., Cenotaxonomia şi caracterizarea grupărilor vegetale din România. St. şi Comun. Muz. Şt. Nat. Bacău, Biol. veget., SEGHEDIN T. G., Flora şi vegetaţia munţilor Bistriţei, Rezumatul tezei de doctorat, Inst. Agr. Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iaşi 9. STOICA D. L., Cercetări de geografie fizică pe versantul nordic al Masivului Călimani. Rezumatul tezei de doctorat, Univ. Al. I. Cuza Iaşi 10. TOMA M., Cercetări asupra florei şi vegetaţiei din Depresiunea Dornelor (jud. Suceava), Rezumatul tezei de doctorat, Univ. Babeş - Bolyai Cluj-Napoca Table I SCIRPETUM SYLVATICI RALSKI 1931 Number of relevé Altitude (m.s.m.) Covering (%) K Surface (m 2 ) No. of species Association s characteristics Scirpus sylvaticus V Calthion palustris Caltha palustris III Chaerophyllum hirsutum II Cirsium rivulare I Geum rivale III Myosotis scorpioides V Deschampsion Carex ovalis III Deschampsia caespitosa IV Juncus conglomeratus II Filipendulion Equisetum arvense II Filipendula ulmaria III Lysimachia vulgaris II Mentha longifolia III Molinietalia caeruleae Cirsium palustre IV Equisetum palustre III Galium palustre III Juncus effusus V Lychnis flos-cuculi II Lythrum salicaria I Symphytum officinale I 124

5 ssp. officinale Trifolium hybridum ssp. hybridum II Molinio Arrhenatheretea Agrostis stolonifera ssp. stolonifera III Alchemilla vulgaris II Alnus incana juv I Holchus lanatus II Lysimachia nummularia III Phleum pratense I Prunella vulgaris I Stellaria graminea I Phragmiti - Magnocaricetea s. l. Carex riparia II Epilobium palustre I Glyceria notata I Lycopus europaeus I Ranunculus repens III Veronica beccabunga III Scheuchzerio Caricetea fuscae s. l. Carex flava II Carex nigra ssp. nigra II Variae syntaxa Epilobium montanum I Festuca pratensis I Luzula campestris I Potentilla erecta II Rorripa sylvestris ssp. sylvestris I Rumex crispus I Stellaria nemorum I Valeriana tripteris II Place and date of relevées: 1. Tamău river valley ( ); 2, 3, 4. Sărişoru Mic river valley ( ); 5. Gura Haitii ( ); 6. Coverca Negru river valley ( ); 7. Coverca Deluganu river valley ( ); 8, 9. Neagra river valley ( ); 10. Păltiniş ( ); 11, 12. Plaiul Şarului ( ). Table II EPILOBIO JUNCETUM EFFUSI OBERD Number of relevé Altitude (m.s.m.) Covering (%) K Surface (m 2 ) No. of species Association s characteristics Epilobium palustre III Juncus articulatus IV Calthion palustris Caltha palustris III Chaerophyllum hirsutum I Geum rivale II Myosotis scorpioides V Scirpus sylvaticus III 125

6 Deschampsion Carex ovalis III Deschampsia caespitosa IV Juncus conglomerates IV Filipendulion Cirsium erysithales I Filipendula ulmaria II Mentha longifolia II Molinietalia caeruleae Cirsium palustre II Equisetum palustre II Galium palustre IV Juncus effusus V Succisa pratensis II Trifolium hybridum ssp. hybridum I Molinio Arrhenatheretea Agrostis capillaris I Agrostis stolonifera ssp. stolonifera II Alchemilla vulgaris IV Anthoxanthum odoratum II Briza media I Carex hirta I Carex pallescens II Cynosurus cristatus I Dactylis glomerata I Festuca rubra I Holchus lanatus I Luzula campestris II Lysimachia nummularia III Phleum pratense I Prunella vulgaris IV Ranunculus acris I Rumex crispus I Trifoiul repens ssp. repens I Phragmiti Magnocaricetea s. l. Alisma plantago aquatica II Carex riparia I Lycopus europaeus I Ranunculus repens III Scheuchzerio Caricetea fuscae s. l. Carex flava III Carex nigra ssp. nigra II Eriophorum angustifolium I Variae syntaxa Carduus personatus ssp. personatus I Cruciata glabra I Epilobium montanum II 126

7 Equisetum sylvaticum I Homogyne alpina I Hypericum maculatum I Plantago media I Potentilla erecta IV Valeriana tripteris I Veratrum album I Place and date of relevées: 1. Neagra Şarului ( ); 2. Sărişoru Mic river valley ( ); 3. Coverca Călimănel river valley ( ); 4. Coverca Negru river valley ( ); 5. Păltiniş ( ); 6. Panaci ( ); 7. Coverca Negru river valley ( ); 8. Coverca Buciniş river valley ( ); 9. Panaci Rusului peak ( ); 10. on the outskirts Tinovului Mare Şaru Dornei ( ). Table III Filipendulo Geranietum palustris W. Koch 1926 Number of relevé Altitude (m.s.m.) Covering (%) K Surface (m 2 ) No. of species Association s characteristics Filipendula ulmaria V Filipendulion Chaerophyllum hirsutum II Equisetum arvense I Geranium palustre IV Lysimachia vulgaris II Lythrum salicaria III Mentha longifolia II Calthion palustris Alchemilla vulgaris III Briza media II Caltha palustris I Cirsium rivulare I Geum rivale II Myosotis scorpioides V Scirpus sylvaticus III Deschampsion Carex ovalis I Deschampsia caespitosa IV Juncus conglomeratus II Molinietalia caeruleae Cirsium oleraceum II Cirsium palustre II Equisetum palustre I Galium palustre I Juncus effusus IV Lychnis flos-cuculi II Succisa pratensis II Molinio Arrhenatheretea Achillea millefolium II 127

8 Agrostis stolonifera ssp. stolonifera I Ajuga reptans I Angelica sylvestris I Campanula glomerata I Centaurea jacea I Cynosurus cristatus I Festuca pratensis I Luzula campestris I Phleum pretense II Prunella vulgaris II Ranunculus acris I Rumex acetosa I Rumex crispus I Trifolium repens ssp. repens III Phragmiti Magnocaricetea s. l. Epilobium palustre I Glyceria notata I Ranunculus repens III Veronica beccabunga I Scheuchzerio Caricetea fuscae s. l. Carex nigra ssp. nigra I Ligularia sibirica I Variae syntaxa Agrimonia eupatoria I Astragalus glycyphyllos I Athyrium filixfemina I Cirsium arvense I Epilobium montanum I Equisetum sylvaticum I Galeopsis tetrahit I Holchus lanatus I Hypericum perforatum I Hypochoeris uniflora I Mentha arvensis I Plantago media I Potentilla erecta II Valeriana tripteris I Place and date of relevées: 1. Sărişor Sărişorul Mare river valley ( ); 2. Şaru Dornei ( ); 3. Coverca Negru river valley ( ); 4. Coverca Deluganu river valley ( ); 5. Coverca Deluganu river valley ( ); 6. Coverca Buciniş river valley ( ); 7. Tamău river valley ( ); 8. Plaiul Şarului ( ); 9. Şaru Bucovinei Sărişoru Mic river valley ( ); 10, 11, 12. Plaiul Şarului ( ). 128

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