Communities on the Badlands Ecosites
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1 Saskatchewan Rangeland Ecosystems Publication 11 Communities on the Badlands Ecosites A project of the Saskatchewan Prairie Conservation Action Plan Jeff Thorpe Saskatchewan Research Council 2007 Funding for this publication provided by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's Greencover Canada Program
2 Communities on the Badlands Ecosites Publication 11 NOTES This publication describes native rangeland communities found on the Badlands Ecosite in the Dry Mixed Grassland and Mixed Grassland regions of Saskatchewan. Dry Mixed Grassland and Mixed Grassland were combined because data were insufficient for separate classifications. No classification was possible for the Aspen Parkland because of insufficient data. More detailed discussion of Ecoregions and Ecosites can be found in Publication 1: Ecoregions and Ecosites. The Badlands Ecosite is highly variable. While a few communities have been described based on available data, many other variations in species composition may be found in the field. Badlands landscapes are a mosaic of unvegetated and vegetated areas. The proportions of these areas must be determined to estimate overall recommended stocking rates. PHOTO CREDITS: Front cover Souris River Badlands; Page 5 Lomond PFRA Pasture; Page 7 Big Muddy Badlands; Page 8 Killdeer Badlands. Photos by Bob Godwin. SUGGESTED CITATION Thorpe, J Saskatchewan Rangeland Ecosystems, Publication 11: Communities on the Badlands Ecosites. Saskatchewan Prairie Conservation Action Plan. Saskatchewan Research Council Pub. No E07. For additional copies, please contact: Michel Tremblay, Provincial Forage Specialist Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food 3085 Albert St., Regina, SK S4S 0B1 Tel: (306) mtremblay@agr.gov.sk.ca 2 Saskatchewan Rangeland Ecosystems
3 Communities on the Badlands Ecosite Publication 11 STATE-AND-TRANSITION DIAGRAM Mixed Grassland and Dry Mixed Grassland: Badlands Ecosite vegetated areas vegetated areas, somewhat saline unvegetated areas MG-BD-A Northern Wheat Grass Western Wheat Grass Pasture Sage near reference community? MG-BD-B Western Wheat Grass near reference community? MG-BD-C Bare Shale Community heavy grazing reduced grazing heavy grazing reduced grazing grassland altered by grazing impact (not yet described) grassland altered by grazing impact (not yet described) Saskatchewan Rangeland Ecosystems 3
4 Communities on the Badlands Ecosites Publication 11 COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS MG-BD-A Northern Wheat Grass - Western Wheat Grass - Pasture Sage Mixed Grassland and Dry Mixed Grassland: Badlands Ecosite GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Mixed prairie dominated by midgrasses, with significant amounts of shortgrasses and lesser amounts of half-shrubs and forbs. Grassland on the better vegetated areas within Badlands landscapes. Comparable to communities on the Clay Ecosite (e.g. MG-CY-B). Calculation of stocking rates requires estimation of the proportion of the area that is well vegetated. STRUCTURE short shrub cover? clubmoss cover (n=14) 10% (0 23) herbaceous cover (n=14) 28% (20 39) moss cover (n=14) 0% (0 0) - midgrasses approx. 15% lichen cover? - shortgrasses approx. 5% litter cover (n=14) 21% (11 35) - half-shrubs approx. 4% bare soil (n=14) 34% (23 41) - forbs approx. 3% SPECIES COMPOSITION % biomass (n=16) Major graminoids northern wheat grass (Agropyron dasystachyum) 27% (3-52) western wheat grass (Agropyron smithii) 20% (0-40) june grass (Koeleria macrantha) 7% (0-21) sedge (Carex spp.) 7% (0-16) Sandberg's blue grass (Poa sandbergii) 6% (0-14) blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) 4% (0-11) needle-and-thread (Stipa comata) 1% (0-4) Major forbs and half-shrubs pasture sage (Artemisia frigida) 12% (5-23) scarlet mallow (Sphaeralcea coccinea) 3% (0-8) Nuttall's atriplex (Atriplex nuttallii) 2% (0-7) American vetch (Vicia americana) 2% (0-5) Colorado rubberweed (Hymenoxys richardsonis) 2% (0-5) broomweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) 1% (0-3) winter fat (Eurotia lanata) 1% (0-2) woolly yarrow (Achillea millefolium) 1% (0-3) rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus) 1% (0-0) Major shrubs silver sagebrush (Artemisia cana) 1% (0-3) Minor graminoids 1% rough hair grass (Agrostis scabra), plains muhly (Muhlenbergia cuspidata), Canby's blue grass (Poa canbyi), alkali cord grass (Spartina gracilis), western porcupine grass (Stipa curtiseta), green needle grass (Stipa viridula) 4 Saskatchewan Rangeland Ecosystems
5 Communities on the Badlands Ecosite Publication 11 Minor forbs and half-shrubs 3% crocus anemone (Anemone patens), field chickweed (Cerastium arvense), pale comandra (Comandra pallida), spiny ironplant (Haplopappus spinulosus), hairy golden-aster (Heterotheca villosa), white sweet-clover (Melilotus alba), locoweed (Oxytropis spp.), purple prairie-clover (Petalostemon purpureum), goldenrod (Solidago spp.), golden bean (Thermopsis rhombifolia) Minor cactus 0% plains prickly-pear (Opuntia polyacantha) SIMILARITY TO REFERENCE COMMUNITY? PRODUCTION insufficient data RECOMMENDED STOCKING RATE Dry Mixed Grassland 0.38 AUM/ha 0.15 AUM/ac Mixed Grassland 0.55 AUM/ha 0.22 AUM/ac Saskatchewan Rangeland Ecosystems 5
6 Communities on the Badlands Ecosites Publication 11 MG-BD-B Western Wheat Grass Mixed Grassland and Dry Mixed Grassland: Badlands Ecosite GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Mixed prairie dominated by midgrasses, with shortgrasses subdominant, and lesser amounts of half-shrubs and forbs. Grassland on better vegetated but somewhat saline areas within Badlands landscapes. Probably comparable to Saline Upland Ecosites. Calculation of stocking rates requires estimation of the proportion of the area that is well vegetated. STRUCTURE short shrub cover? clubmoss cover (n=4) 8% (3 11) herbaceous cover (n=4) 22% (16 31) moss cover (n=4) 0% (0 0) - midgrasses approx. 10% lichen cover? - shortgrasses approx. 5% litter cover (n=4) 18% (16 20) - half-shrubs approx. 3% bare soil (n=4) 48% (39 58) - forbs approx. 3% SPECIES COMPOSITION % biomass (n=9) Major graminoids western wheat grass (Agropyron smithii) 23% (0-44) northern wheat grass (Agropyron dasystachyum) 8% (0-19) Sandberg's blue grass (Poa sandbergii) 7% (0-20) salt grass (Distichlis stricta) 6% (0-20) blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) 5% (0-10) needle-and-thread (Stipa comata) 5% (0-21) sedge (Carex spp.) 5% (0-13) june grass (Koeleria macrantha) 4% (0-11) Nuttall's alkali grass (Puccinellia nuttalliana) 3% (0-6) rough hair grass (Agrostis scabra) 3% (0-10) Canby's blue grass (Poa canbyi) 3% (0-5) alkali cord grass (Spartina gracilis) 1% (0-1) foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum) 1% (0-1) blue grass (Poa spp.) 1% (0-1) Major forbs and half-shrubs pasture sage (Artemisia frigida) 7% (0-21) Nuttall's atriplex (Atriplex nuttallii) 5% (0-9) sea-milkwort (Glaux maritima) 2% (0-4) broomweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) 2% (0-8) scarlet mallow (Sphaeralcea coccinea) 1% (0-3) winter fat (Eurotia lanata) 1% (0-3) Colorado rubberweed (Hymenoxys richardsonis) 1% (0-2) woolly yarrow (Achillea millefolium) 1% (0-2) skeletonweed (Lygodesmia juncea) 1% (0-1) gumweed (Grindelia squarrosa) 1% (0-1) 6 Saskatchewan Rangeland Ecosystems
7 Communities on the Badlands Ecosite Publication 11 Major shrubs silver sagebrush (Artemisia cana) 1% (0-2) Minor forbs and half-shrubs 3% ambrosia (Ambrosia spp.), pale comandra (Comandra pallida), hairy golden-aster (Heterotheca villosa), common pepper-grass (Lepidium densiflorum), American vetch (Vicia americana) SIMILARITY TO REFERENCE COMMUNITY? PRODUCTION insufficient data RECOMMENDED STOCKING RATE Dry Mixed Grassland 0.26 AUM/ha 0.10 AUM/ac Mixed Grassland 0.37 AUM/ha 0.15 AUM/ac Saskatchewan Rangeland Ecosystems 7
8 Communities on the Badlands Ecosites Publication 11 MG-BD-C Bare Shale Community Mixed Grassland and Dry Mixed Grassland: Badlands Ecosite GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Nearly bare bedrock shales, with variable but generally low plant cover consisting of a few specialized species. These areas have almost no grazing capacity, and should be subtracted from stocking rate calculations. STRUCTURE short shrub cover? lichen cover? herbaceous cover (n=3) 2% (1 3) litter cover? clubmoss cover? bare soil? moss cover? SPECIES COMPOSITION % cover (n=4) Major species long-leaved sage (Artemisia longifolia) 2% (0-3) rillscale (Atriplex suckleyi) 1% (0-2) povertyweed (Iva axillaris) 1% (0-2) foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum) 1% (0-2) Minor species 0% common pepper-grass (Lepidium densiflorum), blue grass (Poa spp.), yellow umbrella plant (Eriogonum flavum) SIMILARITY TO REFERENCE COMMUNITY? PRODUCTION RECOMMENDED STOCKING RATE insufficient data non-use areas 8 Saskatchewan Rangeland Ecosystems
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