Patterns Of Alpine Plant Species Diversity Across Elevational Gradients At Four Sites In California:
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1 Patterns Of Alpine Plant Species Diversity Across Elevational Gradients At Four Sites In California: Implications For Persistence Under Future Climate Change Projections Ramona J. Butz, PhD Sierra Nevada Research Institute University of California, Merced
2 Big Picture Questions 1. What are the current patterns of alpine species diversity in California? 2. What are the environmental factors responsible for these patterns? 3. How can we use GLORIA to explore whether alpine plants will be impaired in their existing range as a result of climate change?
3 Big Picture Questions 1. What are the current patterns of alpine species diversity in California? 2. What are the environmental factors responsible for these patterns? 3. How can we use GLORIA to explore whether alpine plants will be impaired in their existing range as a result of climate change?
4 Big Picture Questions 1. What are the current patterns of alpine species diversity in California? 2. What are the environmental factors responsible for these patterns? 3. How can we use GLORIA to explore whether alpine plants will be impaired in their existing range as a result of climate change?
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7 Big Picture Questions 1. What are the current patterns of alpine species diversity in California? 2. What are the environmental factors responsible for these patterns? 3. How can we use GLORIA to explore whether alpine plants will be impaired in their existing range as a result of climate change?
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9 The Common & The Rare Elymus elymoides was the only species on all 14 summits Almost half of all species occurred on only a single summit Oxyria digyna
10 Indicator Species Analysis by Range CAT SND WDS WIM Eriogonum ovalifolium (100) Arabis platysperma (100) Draba oligosperma (57) Calamagrostis purpurascens (85) Pinus albicaulis (100) Arenaria kingii (46) Poa glauca (52) Ribes cereum (85) Cryptantha flavoculata (81) Astragalus purshii (100) Astragalus kentrophyta (71) Achnatherum hymenoides (100) Draba densifolia (100) Chaenactis douglasii (100) Carex rossii (99) Astragalus platytropis (100) Selaginella watsonii (95) Erigeron compositus (79) Castilleja nana (65) Chamaebatiaria millefolium (100) Arabis platysperma (100) Leptodactylon pungens (50) Erigeron pygmaeus (68) Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (100) Chaenactis douglasii (100) Packera cana (100) Koeleria macrantha (73) Descurainia californica (100) Elymus elymoides (100) Ericameria parryi (100) Packera werneriifolia (97) Polemonium chartaceum (100) Eriogonum rosense (100) Phlox condensata (62) Trifolium andersonii (100) Ipomopsis congesta (100) Poa cusickii spp. epilis (100) Carex duriuscula (100) Penstemon newberryi (100) Potentilla pseudosericea (100) Poa cusickii ssp. cusickii (100) Eriogonum gracilipes (71) Pyrrocoma apargioides (100) Androsace septentrionalis (100) Artemisia dracunculus (100) Oxytropis parryi (100) Poa sp. (100)
11 Big Picture Questions 1. What are the current patterns of alpine species diversity in California? 2. What are the environmental factors responsible for these patterns? 3. How can we use GLORIA to explore whether alpine plants will be impaired in their existing range as a result of climate change?
12 Presence of solid rock and % cover of lichens are correlated m GRL 3341m m m Litter is higher at lower elevations Trisetum spicatum only occurs on highest summit Low Elevation High 90.7%
13 High litter occurs on western slopes FSW 3170m FES 3246m FPK 3317m High % scree occur mainly on two upper summits 88.1% High Elevation Low
14 Polemonium chartaceum Carex phaeocephala Occur only on White Mtn. on otherwise predominantly bare ground SHF 3258m RNA 3722m BAR 3975m WMT 4285m Sage Hen Flat & RNA Summit are characterized by higher solid rock In general, bare ground and % scree cover increase and solid rock decreases with increasing elevation 83.8%
15 Carex rossii, Oxytropis parryi, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, Poa cusickii, Potentilla pseudosericea, & Androsace septentrionalis all associated with the north slope of Sheep Mtn PGS 3490m CWS 3612m SME 3734m Cottonwood S Summit plots all tightly clustered around litter content Packera wernerifolia, Astragalus kentrophyta, Castilleja nana, & Koeleria macrantha all occur on sparsely-vegetated east-facing slopes on Patriarch Grove South 94.6%
16 SND CAT WIM WDS Elevation Elevation Elevation Elevation Aspect Aspect Aspect Aspect % Rock % Rock % Rock % Rock % Scree % Scree % Scree % Scree Lichens on soil Lichens on soil Lichens on soil Lichens on soil Bryophytes on soil Bryophytes on soil Bryophytes on soil Bryophytes on soil Bare ground Bare ground Bare ground Bare ground % Litter % Litter % Litter % Litter Cryptogams Cryptogams Cryptogams Cryptogams Lichens on rock Lichens on rock Lichens on rock Lichens on rock Lichens on scree Lichens on scree Lichens on scree Lichens on scree Bryophytes on rock Bryophytes on rock Bryophytes on rock Bryophytes on rock Bryophytes on scree Bryophytes on scree Bryophytes on scree Bryophytes on scree
17 WDS WIM Carson Range rogues with high litter cover CAT SND Lowest elevation summit at WIM
18 Sierra Nevada - Dunderberg
19 White Mountains (siliceous)
20 White Mountain Summit Snowmelt
21 Big Picture Questions 1. What are the current patterns of alpine species diversity in California? 2. What are the environmental factors responsible for these patterns? 3. How can we use GLORIA to explore whether alpine plants will be impaired in their existing range as a result of climate change?
22 GLORIA Monitoring Simple & relatively inexpensive Standardized protocols Worldwide interest & large #s of sites Visibility & potential for community involvement Data gives snapshot in time Soil temperature is only climate variable collected 5-year sampling interval
23 Future Directions Use existing and future resurvey data to identify possible indicator species Find sources of local climate data to support plant data Use GLORIA data to inform and refine regional climate models
24 Acknowledgements Connie Millar Ann Dennis Bob Westfall Jim Bishop GLORIA participants CEREC
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