How does the physical environment influence communities and ecosystems? Hoodoos in Cappadocia, Turkey

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1 Biomes of the World

2 How does the physical environment influence communities and ecosystems? Hoodoos in Cappadocia, Turkey

3 ecosystems are shaped by: abiotic factors climate/weather space Rainfall Soil air catastrophic events

4 net primary production

5 Ecosystems What might we see, driving from the top to the bottom of North and South America? snow, ice, shrubs forests, pine trees, leaf trees grasslands deserts tropical rainforests

6 What might we see, driving from the west coast to the east coast of the United States? Coastal ecosystems Wetlands Forests Grasslands/Prairie

7 biome: widespread terrestrial ecosystem Biomes are major communities of organisms that have a characteristic appearance And are distributed over a wide land area defined largely by regional variations in climate.

8 have a characteristic appearance

9 sweden are distributed over a wide land area canada

10 defined largely by regional variations in climate.

11

12 world biomes tundra boreal or taiga forest temperate deciduous forest grassland chaparral desert savanna rainforest

13 Why do we find biomes distributed across the landscape in such a way? Why are deserts in North Africa and Rainforests on the Equator?

14 If you are a plant, where you end up on the planet is determined by: 1) latitude (colder at high latitudes, less light than at equator) 2) elevation (colder at high elevation, differences in precipitation)

15 The distribution of biomes on earth is influenced by annual patterns of temperature and rainfall

16 patterns of the annual precipitation and annual temperatures --->

17 Patterns of Annual Average Precipitation in lower 48 violet >blue > green> yellow> orange> red

18 Map of Average HOTTEST JULY Temperature red >orange > yellow> green> blue> violet

19 climatograms

20 Biomes of western Washington biome information

21 from the mountains

22 Characterized by evergreens

23 TEMPERATE PACIFIC NORTHWEST FORESTS Temperate: rarely below 0 C (32 F) but generally cooler Precipitation: drought in summer, LOTS of rain in winter Forest type dominated by conifers, which can grow over 100m, over 800 years old!

24 Valley of the Silent Men,Olympic forest

25 Coastal = Temperate rainforest! Plant life on every surface! Images: Hoh river, Olympic National Park

26 to the prairie

27 to the ocean

28 TIAGA = the LARGEST terrestrial biome Evergreen conifer-dominated; the growing season is too short for deciduous trees to make a full canopy of leaves (there are a few exceptions: poplar, larch = a deciduous conifer!) Forests grow in dense, dark collections, so understory vegetation is fairly sparse. Mosses, lichens, mushrooms!

29 (high mountain) Boreal Forest

30 Climatograms That Define a Biome

31 Key Terms Biome biotic community dominant plants and animals Biomes of the World unique climate

32 BIOMES Tundra Coniferous Forest/Taiga Deciduous Forest/Temperate Forest Desert Grassland Chaparral/Mediterranean Woodland Rainforest

33 Temperature (cm) Pr e cipitation (C*) Key Terms Climatogram Tropical Deciduous J F M A M J J A S O N D Months graph shows a biome s monthly temperature and precipitation data in a single year

34 Tundra Permafrost (permanent layer of frost) Little rain or snowfall Least diverse biome Flat terrain Constant low temperature

35 Coniferous Forest (TAIGA) Spruce and Fir Trees (Cone Plants) Mosses, lichens, small shrubs Winter snowfall Short, warm summer days Snow completely thaws

36 Deciduous Forest Distinct 4 seasons Trees lose leaves in the Fall Richest Soil Oaks, Maple, Hickory, Chestnut Abundant snow and rainfall Squirrels, Deer, Birds, Fox, Skunk

37 Desert n Extreme temperatures n Little precipitation n Poor, dry conditions n Thorny plants, cacti n Rodents, insects, reptiles, camels

38 Grassland Tall, Mixed or Short grass Deep, porous soil Low-medium precipitation Wolves, grasshoppers, jackrabbits, badgers, rattlesnakes, birds, Low winter temperatures

39 Climatogram Chaparral C J F M A M J J A S O N D Precipitation Temperature

40 Rainforest Most Diverse Minimal season variation Rainfall, Humidity, Precipitation High Vegetation is dense Broad leafed plants Insects, fungi, monkeys, birds, frogs

41

42 What might the climatogram for Olympia look like?

43 Purpose of Lab Graph data of temperature and precipitation Compare biomes Analyze a set of unknown data

44 Steps to do the Activity Graph the Hawaii data on blank climatograms Graph the 4 unknown climatograms and predict which biomes Find and describe plant and animal adaptations specific to each biome

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