For the next question, refer to the locations marked by letters in the world map below:

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1 AP Environmental Science Unit 1 Exam: Ecology WHOLE CLASS RETAKE Ms. Garcia September 24, 2014 Read the following questions. Choose the best response. Take your time and work carefully! (24 points max with bonus) 1. Which of the following formulas correctly summarizes photosynthesis? a. 6H20 + solar energy! C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6CO2 b. CH4 + NO2 + THE FORCE! CN2 + H40 c. CH4 + H40 + solar energy! CN2 + NO2 d. 6CO2 + 6H20 + solar energy! C6H12O6 + 6O2 e. 6H20 + C6H12O6 + solar energy! 6H20 + 6CO2 2. Whether a land area support a deciduous forest or grassland depends primarily on a. latitude north or south of the equator b. decrease in temperature during the winter c. changes in length of the growing season d. consistency of rainfall from year to year and the effect that it has on fires e. none of the above For the next question, refer to the locations marked by letters in the world map below: 3. The locations marked (6) are known as a. tropical rain forests b. grasslands c. taiga (boreal/coniferous forest) d. deciduous forest e. tundra 4. The locations marked (5) are known as a. tropical rain forests b. grasslands c. taiga (boreal/coniferous forest) d. deciduous forest e. tundra

2 5. Which of the following statements is FALSE? CHOOSE RESPONSE AND EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER IN ONE SENTENCE. (2 POINTS) a. Natural selection is the passing down of unfavorable traits so that a species may survive and adapt. b. When environmental conditions are changing rapidly, a generalist is usually better off than a specialist. c. The fundamental niche of a species is the full range of physical, chemical, and biological factors it could use if there was no competition. d. Generalist species live in a broad niche whereas specialists live in narrow niches. 6. As one travels from the tropical rain forests near the equator to the frozen tundra, one passes through a variety of environments including deserts, temperate and deciduous forests, etc. The primary reason for the change in vegetation is due to a. evolution b. succession c. the hours of sunlight reaching a particular region d. changes in temperature and amount of rainfall e. the amount of relative cloud cover and ocean currents 7. A species that plays a crucial role in the ecosystem where it lives is known as a(n) a. Invasive species b. indicator species c. critical species d. important species e. keystone species 8. Sea anemone give the clownfish a safe home (see image to the right). Clown fish provide the anemone nutrients in the form of waste and scare away predatory fish such as the butterfly fish. The example of a clown fish living in a sea anemone is which type of relationship? Choose a response and explain your reasoning in one complete sentence. (2 POINTS) a. Predator/prey (predation) b. Commensalism c. Parasitism d. Amensalism e. Mutualism Base your answers to the following question on the diagram to the left: 9. The pyramid to the left implies that in order to live and grow, 1,000 kilograms of snakes would require a. less than 1,000 kilograms of green plants b. 1,000 kilograms of rodents c. more than 1,000 kilograms of rodents d GIGAWATTS e. less than 1,000 kilograms of hawks

3 Follow the diagram showing the relationships that exist in an arid (dry) ecosystem. Base your answers to the following question on the diagram and your knowledge of environmental science. 10. Between which two organisms would there MOST LIKELY be the greatest competition? (examine the food web carefully!) a. Rat and snake b. Lizard and arachnid c. Rat and roadrunner d. The Dodgers and The Giants e. Arachnid and roadrunner 11. The peppered moths of London are a perfect case study for what type of natural selection? a. disruptive selection b. stabilizing selection c. directional selection d. none of the above 12. The main difference between primary and secondary succession is that a. primary succession occurs in the year before secondary succession b. primary succession occurs on barren, rocky areas and secondary succession does not c. secondary succession ends in a climax species and primary succession ends in a pioneer species d. secondary succession occurs on barren, rock areas and primary succession does not e. All of the above statements are true. 13. Which of the following best describes a nonanthropogenic* secondary succession? *nonanthropogenic means not caused by humans a. plants and other vegetation die gradually due to drought (drought caused by human exploitation of water resource) b. wildflowers grow in an area that was previously destroyed by fire c. a farmer removes weeds using a herbicide d. lichens and mosses secrete acids that allow other plants to grow e. none of the above 14. Which one of the following water processes is working against gravity? a. Precipitation b. Percolation c. Transpiration d. Infiltration

4 15. Which of the following choices shows the correct order of events that might occur in the process of primary succession? a. Grasses! small bushes! small herbaceous plants! lichen! conifers! long-lived hardwoods! short-lived hardwoods! bare rock b. Bare rock! mosses! grasses! small herbaceous plants! small bushes! conifers! short-lived hardwoods! long-lived hardwoods c. Bare rock! grasses! mosses! small herbaceous plants! small bushes! conifers! short-lived hardwoods! long-lived hardwoods d. Long-lived hardwoods! short-lived hardwoods! conifers! small bushes! small herbaceous plants! grasses! bare rock e. Conifers! bare rock! long-lived hardwoods! small herbaceous plants! lichen! grasses! small bushes! short-lived Free Response Question (6 points total) On the world map (SEE FIRST PAGE OF EXAM) you will see numbered research regions. 1. identify the biomes numbered 1, 4, and 6. (give me the names!). 1.5 points. 2. In bullet point format, give me three characteristics of each of the three biomes such as flora (producers), fauna (consumers), soil type, climate, etc. In other words, tell me three important characteristics about the biomes in each of the three research regions. BE SPECIFIC. Write clearly! MUST GIVE 3 CHARACTERISITCS TO RECEIVE FULL CREDIT. (4.5 points) Example of how your answer could look on your paper: FRQ 1. Biome 1 = Biome 4 = Biome 6 = 2. Biome 1 characteristics: Biome 4 characteristics: Biome 6 characteristics: BONUS QUESTIONS don t skip these FREE POINTS! (3 POINTS MAX) 1. Which biogeochemical cycle is considered sedimentary? (1 point) 2. What is the mascot of the college Ms. Garcia attended? (1 point) 3. What is the lucky number associated with the college Ms. Garcia attended? (1 point) a. Hint: [[(50/2) + 17] 3] + 16 ] + 3 =????

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