Study on Spermatophyte Constituent and Floristic Element of Ganjiahu Nature Reserve in Xinjiang

Transcription

1 2010, 23( 3) : Forest Research : ( 2010) , 1, 2, 1 ( 1., ; 2., ) : , ( ), ; 69 99, 50. 4% 42. 5% ;,, 10 ; ( ), 45, 39. 8% ; ( 53. 1% ) ( 42. 4% ), ( 27. 0% ) ( 25. 7% ) ( 21. 6% ) :, ;,,,, ; 11 3, : ; ; ; : S : A Study on Spermatophyte Constituent and Floristic Element of Ganjiahu Nature Reserve in Xinjiang TUERXUN Maimaitijiang 1, HUANG Jun-hua 1, ABUDUREHEMAN Abulimiti 2, AIBAIDULA Gulisidan 1 ( 1. Forestry and Horticulture College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi , Xinjiang, China; 2. Administration Bureau of Ganjiahu Nature Reserve, Forestry Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi , Xinjiang, China) Abstract: There are 233 species of seed plants in Ganjiahu Nature Reserve, belonging to 137 genera and 42 families; the largest family Chenopodiaceae ( 69 species) in this flora is also the largest family in halophytes flora in Xinjiang. There are totally 69 genera and 99 species of halophytes in Ganjiahu Nature Reserve, occupying 50. 4% and 64. 9% of the total number of genera and species respectively. At family level, besides cosmopolitan family, the temperate type and tropical to temperate type which contains 10 species respectively are the main elements. At genus level, the geographical components are mainly the Mediterranean, W. Asia to C. Asia distribution type and subtypes, containing 45 genera, occupying 39. 8% of the total number of genera. At species level, the geographical components are mainly Temperate floristic elements ( 53. 1% ) and Old Mediterranean floristic elements ( 42. 4% ). C. Asia distribution type ( 27. 0% ), Temperate Asia distribution type ( 25. 7% ) and Old World Temperate distribution type( 21. 6% ) are important in this flora. The basic characteristics of the flora are as follows: Dominant : : : ( 1958 ),,,.

2 family is prominent in the nature reserve; The genera with single species and few species occupied high percentage of the total number; The flora is various in floristic elements; There are some ancient floristic elements; Endemic characteristics of species are not obvious; The flora is of typical halophyte and typical temperate arid desert characteristics; 11 rare and endangered species of national or provincial level and 3 species which are regarded as probably disappeared species from Xinjiang are found in the nature reserve, all of these species have important protective values. Key words: Ganjiahu Nature Reserve; seed plant; floristic composition; areal-type 1983, 1998, E, N, km 2 ( Haloxylon persicum Bunge ex Boiss. et Buhse) ( H. ammodendron ( C. A. Mey. ) Bunge) [ 1 ],, 140 mm, mm, 14 1, 128 kj cm - 2 a h, 44, 70, [ 2 ] 10%, 30%, 50% 60% [ 1 ] ( Populus euphratica Oliv. ) ( Halimodendron halodendron ( Pall. ) Voss. ), ( Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ) ( Cistanche deserticola Ma) ( Apocynum venetum L. ) ( Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. ) ( Lycium spp. ), [ 2],,, , ( XJA) ( XJ- BI) ;, [ 3-10 ], [ ], , 1 1 3, ( , ), ( ) [ ] 42. 0% 18. 7% 6. 8%,, ,, 10 4, , 9. 5%, 43. 8% 56. 2% ( Chenopodiaceae), 24 69, 17. 5% 29. 6%,, ( Cruciferae) ( Compositae) ( Polygonaceae) 4 17,, 4, 2 10, 24, 57. 1%, ( 63) ( 88) 46. 0% 37. 8% , 33. 3%, 10. 2% 6. 0%, ( Ulmaceae) ( Cannabinaceae) ( Portulacaceae) ( Berberidaceae) ( Capparidaceae) = ( Geraniaceae) ( Onagraceae) ( Cynomoriaceae) ( Umbelliferae) ( Asclepiadaceae) ( Labiatae) ( Typhaceae) ( Sparganiaceae)

3 3 : 419 ( Juncaginaceae), 1 /% / % > ( ) ( Salsola L. /13 ) 1, 0. 7% 5 9 7, 5. 1%, ( Polygonum L. /8 ) ( Atriplex L. /7 ) ( Chenopodium L. /7 ) ( Tamarix L. /7 ) ( Suaeda Forsk. ex Scop. /6 ) ( Lepidium L. /5 ) ( Artemisia L. /5 ) , 21. 2%, ( Anabasis L. /4 ) ( Salix L. /4 ) ( Ephedra L. /3 ) ( Haloxylon Bge. /2 ) 1 100, 73. 0%, 11, : ( Cannabis Linn. ) ( Ceratocarpus L. ) ( Halostachys C. A. Mey. ) ( Halocnemum Bieb. ) ( Iljinia Korov. ) ( Diptychocarpus Trautv. ) ( Lachnoloma Bge. ) ( Tauscheria Fisch. ex DC. ) ( Halimodendron Fisch. ex DC. ) ( Chamaesphacos Schrenk) ( Karelinia Less. ),, 2 /% /% ( ) [ 19 ], 10 ( ( Tamaricaceae ) ( Zygophyllaceae) ( Plumbaginaceae) ( Salicaceae) ( Papaveraceae) ( Ranunculaceae) ( Caryophyllaceae) ) 9, ( ),, ( 4 14 ) ( 1 13 ),,,,,, 20 49,,, ( 3 9 ) ( 4 5 ) ( 1 3 ) ( 2 5 ) ( 2 5 ) ( 5 5 ) [ ] [ ], 69 99, 50. 4% 42. 5%, ( 125, 331 ) [ 20] 55. 2% 29. 9% ( Ceratoides ( Tourn. ) Gagnebin) ( Halogeton C. A. Mey. ), ( Reaumuria L. ) ( Nitraria L. ) ( Limonium Mill. ) ( Populus L. ), [ ], [ 23] % : ( Alhagi sparsifolia ( B. Keller et Shap. ) Shap. ) ( Achnatherum splendens ( Trin. ) Nevski) ( Sophora alopecuroides L. ) ; ( Capparis spinosa L. ) ( Nitraria sibirica Pall. ) ( Lycium ruthenicum Murr. ) ; ( Aeluropus pungens ( M. Bieb. ) C. Koch) ( Tamarix hispida Willd. ),, [ 23] ( =167 ) 95 (

4 ), 42, 53, 60. 0% 54. 6% (, ) : ( Ephedra przewalskii Stapf) ( E. lomatolepis Schrenk) ; : ( Atraphaxis frutescens ( L. ) Ewersm. ) ( Caragana leucophloea Pojark. ), , ; ( Salix songarica Anderss. ) ( Poacynum pictum ( Schrenk) Baill. ) [ 24-28], [ 2 9] 106 3,, ( Aellenia glauca ( Bieb. ) Aellen) ( Zygophyllum iliense M. Pop. ) ( Glycyrrhiza squamulosa Franch. ) 2. 2 [ 6-9] [ 17 ], ( 3),, 15, , 35. 7%, 68. 6% 72. 1% ( Rosaceae) ( Leguminosae) 13 [ 17 ], 86. 7%, ( 22, 10 ) 59. 1%,,,, 10, 37. 0%, 3 /% ( ) [ ], [ 5, 8], ( 4) 4,, (, ) 39. 8% ; ; 1 1 6, , ( Clematis L. ),, ( Astragalus L. ) ( Sophora L. ) ( Senecio L. ) ( Xanthium L. ) ( Phragmites Adans. ) ( Typha L. ), 4 [ 20 ] , 8. 9%,,,, : ( 3 ) ( Capparis L. /1 ) ( Tribulus L. /1 ),, 3, ; ( 12 ),,, [ 1 8]

5 3 : /% /% ( 30) ( ) 37( 50) ( ) ( 12) ( ) 16( 19) 9. 76( ) ( 45) ( ) 54( 61) ( ) , ( 9 ) 7. 08( 7. 97) 12( 13) 7. 32( 7. 93) ( ) ( Asparagus L. /1 ) ( Urtica L. /2 ) 2, 1. 8% ( Horaninovia Fisch. et Mey. /1 ), 0. 9% , 26. 6%,, ( ) 21, 18. 6%, ( 15 ), : ( Rumex L. ) ( Halerpestes Greene) 6 ( 4 ),, ( ) ( Ulmus L. / U. pumila L. ) ( Elaeagnus L. /E. oxycarpa Schlecht. ) 6 2, 8, 7. 1%,, ( Lappula V. Wolf. ) ( Silene L. ) ( Turritis L. ), 1 ( Lycium L. ) ; ( Leymus Hochst. ),,, ( Apocynum L. ) 1, 0. 89% , 10. 6%, 10, ( Myricaria Desv. ) ( Hippophae L. ) ; ( Atraphaxis L. ) ( Hexinia H. L. Yang) 2,,,,, [ 18 ] , 1. 8% ( Caragana Fabr. /1 ) ( Orostachys Fisch. /2 ) , 39. 8%, 40, 35. 4%,,, ( Petrosimonia Bge. ) ( Ferula L. ) ( Alhagi Gagneb. )

6 422 23,, [ 12],, [ 18],,, [ 20] 3 : ( Zygophyllum L. ) ( Matthiola R. Br. ) 2 ; ( Peganum L. ) 1, [ 20] ;, ( Glycyrrhiza L. ) = ( Erodium L. Her. ) 2, [ 19, 21-23], [ 18] ( ) , 8. 0% 8, [ 19, 21-23], ( Agriophyllum Bieb. ) ; 1, ( Poacynum Baill. ) 4 1, 1, [ 19, ] , ( Aellenia Ulbr. /1 ) 1, 0. 9% 2. 4 [ 11-16], [ 5, 8 ].. [ 30].. [ 3 1].. [ 32 ], 8 27 ( 5) ,,,, ( Chenopodium album L. ) ( Convolvulus arvensis L. ) ( Portulaca oleracea Linn. ) ( Phragmites australis( Cav. ) Trin. ex Steud. ) 5 /% ( 3) 0( 1. 35) ( 14) 3. 60( 6. 31) ( 48) ( ) ( 57) 1. 80( ) ( 34) 7. 66( ) ( 60) 9. 46( ) ( ) ( 6) 2. 25( 2. 70) , 1. 4%, ( ), ( Polygonum persica ria L. ) ( P. minus Huds. ) ( Cuscuta a ustralis R. Br. ) , 119, 53. 6%, 9 ( ) 57, %,

7 3 : ( ) 48, 21. 6%,, ( Kochia prostrata( L. ) Schrad. ) ( Sophora alopecuroides Linn. ) 4 ( ) 14, ( Polygonum aviculare Linn. ) , 42. 4%, 5 ( ) 60, 27. 0%,,, 4 ( ) 34,,, ( ( Hexinia polydichotoma H. L. Yang) ( Cynanchum cathayense Tsiang et Zhang) ), 1,,,,,, :, [ 33 ],,,, [ 34 ],,,, 1, 7, 6, 26. 9%, 3. 0%,,, [ 33 ], [ 3 5] :,, [ 36 ],,,, [ 3 6],,,,,,, [ 3 6],, , 10 4, 43. 8% %, %, 3. 2,,,,, 3 ;,,,,, 5, ,

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