Mediterranean Biome. 'winter-rain and summer dry' Mediterranean. Desert
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1 Mediterranean Biome The similarity of form and functional response of the vegetation to the rigorous mediterranean environment is therefore a striking example of evolutionary convergence, and has resulted in a high degree of endemism within the regional floras" (Archibold, 1995)
2 Mediterranean Biome 30 to 40 N and S latitude on the west sides of continents Just poleward of the subtropical deserts on the western continental edges.
3 Mediterranean Biome subtropical dry and warm air in summer, cold currents in winter, as subtropical highs retreat toward equator, they experience maritime airmasses and cyclonic storms from polar front Mediterranean Desert 'winter-rain and summer dry'
4 Mediterranean Biome the Mediterranean biome is sandwiched between deserts and temperate rainforests on west sides of continents - experience both but in alternating seasons Desert Mediterranean Temperate rainforest Biome types on west side of Chile
5 Mediterranean Biome Vancouver - approaching temperate rainforest (slight summer dry period) Pasadena - classic Mediterranean climate (6 months rain, 6 months dry) San Diego - shift to more desert conditions (reduced winter rain)
6 Mediterranean Floristic Regions Californian Mediterranean Capensic (South African) Australian Chilean
7 Mediterranean Floristic Regions Californian Mediterranean Capensic (South African) Australian Chilean What do these sound like? Wines! Vitis vinifera - wine grape
8 Mediterranean Vegetation the Mediterranean Biome and its vegetation is closely linked with fire ecology Santa Barbara chapparal Santa Barbara fire yr cycle - South Africa yr - Mediterranean yr - Australia Adenostoma (chamise, Rosaceae) California
9 Mediterranean Vegetation the Mediterranean Biome and its vegetation is closely linked with fire ecology Westmont College fire Nov 2008 Santa Barbara fire 1977 Westmont College Jan 2009
10 Mediterranean Vegetation heavy bark, shoots from base roots or lignotubers Arbutus - Europe Arbutus (madrone-ericaceae) 3 months after fire Arctostaphylos (manzanita) & chamise 3 months after fire
11 serotinous cones or seed coats Mediterranean Vegetation Pinus halepensis - Mediterranean Banksia (Proteaceae) - Australia
12 Mediterranean Vegetation Mediterranean vegetation dominated by evergreen trees and sclerophyllous trees adapted to fire and to summer drought and cool moist winters Ceanothus - California lilac Quercus engelmanii - mesa oak
13 Mediterranean vegetation also characterized by annuals and perennial geophytes Mediterranean Vegetation Northern Baja California Central Valley, California
14 Mediterranean Vegetation the holly leaf (= ilicifolia) - evergreen, tough, leathery, with spine tips convergent sclerophyll adaptation to the Mediterranean climate Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) Holly - Mediterranean Rhamnus ilicifolia (Rhamnaceae) - California Banksia ilicifolia (Proteaceae) - Australia
15 Mediterranean Vegetation Alchornea illicifolia (Euphorbiaceae) - Australia Berberis ilicifolia (Berberidaceae) - Chile Graptophyllum ilicifolium (Acanthaceae) - Australia
16 Mediterranean Vegetation Mahonia aquifolium (Berberidaceae) - California, Oregon Quercus ilex (Fagaceae) - Mediterranean Prunus ilicifolium (Rosaceae) - California
17 Convergence between Chile and California Cryptocarya alba (Lauraceae) - Chile Quercus agrifolia (Fagaceae) CA
18 Convergence between Chile and California Lithraea caustica (Anacardiaceae) - Chile Rhus ovata (Anacardiaceae) CA
19 Convergence between Chile and California heath vegetation Satureja gilliesii (Lamiaceae) - Chile Adenostoma fasciculatum (Rosaceae) CA
20 Mediterranean Floristic Regions Mediterranean - most original woodland now gone maquis: dense shrub formations garrique: open heath and aromatic shrubs Greece Southern France
21 Mediterranean Mediterranean Floristic Regions Arbutus (Ericaceae) - strawberry trees
22 Mediterranean Mediterranean Floristic Regions Olea (Oleaceae) - olive Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) - holly
23 Mediterranean Mediterranean Floristic Regions Quercus suber - cork oak Quercus ilex - Holm s oak
24 Mediterranean Mediterranean Floristic Regions Cedrus atlantica - Atlas cedar Cedrus libani - cedar of Lebanon
25 Mediterranean Mediterranean Floristic Regions Ulex europea (Fabaceae) - Common gorse Erica arborea (Ericaceae) - Iberian Peninsula
26 Mediterranean Mediterranean Floristic Regions Cytisus (Fabaceae) - broom Cistis (Cistaceae) - eastern Mediterranean
27 Mediterranean Mediterranean Floristic Regions Phlomis fruticosa (Lamiaceae) Jerusalem sage Artemisia arborescens (Asteraceae) - wormwood Ophrys (Orchidaceae) - bee orchid
28 Mediterranean Floristic Regions South Africa veld: shrubby vegetation fynbos: heath
29 Mediterranean Floristic Regions South Africa - high degree of endemism Protea - Proteaceae
30 Mediterranean Floristic Regions South Africa Large radiation of Erica - heather (blueberry family) Erica versicolor Erica cerinthoides
31 Mediterranean Floristic Regions South Africa Large radiation of Restionaceae - a southern hemisphere graminoid family Elegia cuspidata Askidiosperma
32 Mediterranean Floristic Regions South Africa Large radiation of lilioid monocots (geophytes) Iridaceae - iris family Lapeirousia Moraea - Peacock Lily Geissorhiza
33 Mediterranean Floristic Regions South Africa Large radiation of Pelargonium (Geraniaceae)
34 Mediterranean Floristic Regions Australia - mallee (heathy vegetation on nutrient poor soil) Sir Joseph Banks & Banksia (Proteaceae)
35 Mediterranean Floristic Regions Australia - high degree of endemism Astroloma - endemic genus in Ericaceae Petrophile linearis - endemic genus in Proteaceae Correa (Australian fuchsia) - endemic genus in Rutaceae
36 Mediterranean Floristic Regions Australia - high degree of endemism Large radiation of Myrtaceae (myrtle family) - most genera endemic Melaleuca alternifolia Callistemon citrinus
37 Mediterranean Floristic Regions Australia - high degree of endemism Eucalyptus wandoo heath sclerophyll Large radiation of Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae)
38 Mediterranean Floristic Regions California - chapparal (shrub/tree & heath vegetation)
39 Mediterranean Floristic Regions 795 genera and 4452 species endemism: 52 genera (6.5%) and 2124 species (47.7%) CFP flora = central and eastern North America flora (>10X in size)
40 Mediterranean Floristic Regions California - chapparal (shrub/tree & heath vegetation) Ceanothus (California lilac) & Adenostoma (chamise)
41 Mediterranean Floristic Regions California - chapparal (shrub/tree & heath vegetation) Arbutus menziesii (Ericaceae) - madrone
42 Mediterranean Floristic Regions California - chapparal (shrub/tree & heath vegetation) Layia - tidy tips Asteraceae Eschscholziapoppy Papaveraceae Epilobium Onagraceae Clarkia Onagraceae
43 Chile - matorral Mediterranean Floristic Regions Lithraea caustica (Anacardiaceae) Cryptocarya alba (Lauraceae)
44 Chile - matorral Mediterranean Floristic Regions Colletia armata (Rhamnaceae) Ephedra andina
45 Chile - matorral Mediterranean Floristic Regions Jubaea chilensis - chilean wine palm
46 Mediterranean Biome Weeds Aizoaceae (ice plants - Carpobrotus, etc.) native to South Africa Big Sur, California San Francisco Bay, California
47 Mediterranean Biome Weeds Eucalytpus melliodora native to Australia - one of a 100 species of Australia s 600 native species imported into California America's Largest Weed Eucalyptus has its defenders, but today, 150 years after these "wonder trees" were first brought to coastal California, their dark side is coming to light. bluegum
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