Table S1 Plant functional traits and mean cover of all species in reservoir shorelines and riparian wetlands

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1 SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S1 Plant functional traits and mean cover of all species in reservoir shorelines and riparian wetlands Table S2 Results of nested ANOVA for species and functional diversity Figure S1 Water level dynamics in the Danjiangkou Reservoir and upstream Han River during Figure S2 Comparison of species accumulation curves for reservoir shorelines, mainstem and tributary riparian wetlands based on the Mao-Tau function Figure S3 Species and functional diversity (mean ± SD) of plots from different substrate, disturbance and landform types in reservoir shorelines. Different letters and asterisk denote significant differences (p<0.05)

2 Table S1. Plant functional traits and mean cover of all species in the reservoir shorelines, mainstem and tributary riparian wetlands Family Species Growth form Life form Longevity Clonality Maximum height (m) Seed mass (mg) Reservoir shorelines Mean cover (%) Mainstem riparian wetlands Tributary riparian wetlands Acanthaceae Hygrophila salicifolia H As A Nc 0.60 No Data Alismataceae Sagittaria trifolia H As P C Amaranthaceae Celosia argentea H Ts A Nc Alternanthera philoxeroides H As P C Amaranthus tricolor H Ts A Nc Anacardiaceae Rhus chinensis S Ts P Nc No Data Characeae Chara spp H Ss A C No Data No Data Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium serotinum H Ts A Nc Compositae Artemisia argyi H Ts A Nc Xanthium sibiricum H Ts A Nc Cirsium setosum H Ts P Nc Carduus nutans H Ts P Nc Bidens pilosa H Ts A Nc Youngia japonica H Ts A Nc 0.60 No Data Eclipta prostrate H Ts A Nc Artemisia selengensis H Ts P C 1.50 No Data Kalimeris indica H Ts P Nc Taraxacum mongolicum H Ts A Nc Artemisia carvifolia H Ts A Nc Centipeda minima H Ts A Nc Gnaphalium affine H Ts A Nc 0.40 No Data Carpesium abrotanoides H Ts P Nc Siegesbeckia orientalis H Ts P Nc Conyza canadensis H Ts A Nc Inula japonica H Ts P Nc 0.70 No Data Artemisia lavandulaefolia H Ts P C

3 Dendranthema indicum H Ts P Nc Aster tataricus H Ts P Nc Aster subulatus H Ts A Nc Crassocephalum crepidioides H Ts A Nc Convolvulaceae Calystegia hederacea H Ts A C Coriariaceae Coriaria nepalensis S Ts P Nc 6.00 No Data Cruciferae Rorippa indica H Ts A Nc Cuscutaceae Cuscuta chinensis H Ts A C No Data No Data Cyperaceae Carex spp. G As P C No Data No Data Scirpus pumilus G As P C 0.15 No Data Cyperus compressus G Ts A C Scirpus triqueter G As P C Cyperaceae G As A C No Data No Data Juncellus serotinus G As P C Fimbristylis miliacea G As A C Kyllinga brevifolia G As P C Cyperus iria G Ts A C Cyperus glomeratus G As A C 0.95 No Data Cyperus rotundus G Ts P C Cyperus michelianus G Ts A C Fimbristylis stauntoni G As A C 0.40 No Data Fimbristylis henryi G As A C Cyperus difformis G As A C Equisetaceae Equisetum hyemale F Ts P C No Data No Data Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis H Ts P Nc No Data Euphorbia humifusa H Ts A Nc Acalypha australis H Ts A Nc Sapium sebiferum S Ts P Nc No Data Fabaceae Trifolium repens H Ts P C Sophora davidii S Ts P Nc Kummerowia striata H Ts A Nc

4 Medicago lupulina H Ts A Nc Sesbania cannabina H Ts A Nc Glycine soja H Ts A C Gramineae Bothriochloa ischaemum G Ts P C Echinochloa crusgalli G As A Nc Echinochloa caudata G As A Nc 2.00 No Data Setaria viridis G Ts A Nc Cynodon dactylon G Ts P C Echinochloa colonum G Ts A Nc Arthraxon hispidus G Ts A Nc Pennisetum alopecuroides G Ts A Nc Isachne globosa G As P C Digitaria sanguinalis G Ts A Nc Eleusine indica G Ts A C Leptochloa chinensis G Ts A Nc Paspalum thunbergii G As P C Sporobolus fertilis G Ts P C Paspalum paspaloides G As P C 0.70 No Data Juglandaceae Pterocarya stenoptera S Ts P Nc No Data Labiatae Mentha canadensis H Ts P Nc 0.60 No Data Clinopodium chinense H Ts P Nc 0.80 No Data Salvia plebeia H Ts A Nc Elsholtzia ciliate H Ts A Nc Perilla frutescens H Ts A Nc Lythraceae Lythrum salicaria H As P Nc Malvaceae Abutilon theophrasti H Ts A Nc Hibiscus trionum H Ts A Nc Marsileaceae Marsilea quadrifolia H As A C 0.20 No Data Moraceae Morus alba S Ts P Nc No Data Onagraceae Ludwigia prostrata H As A Nc Epilobium hirsutum H As P Nc

5 Oxalis pes-caprae H Ts P C Plantaginaceae Plantago asiatica H Ts P Nc Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare H Ts A C Polygonum orientale H As A C Polygonum hydropiper H As A C Rumex acetosa H Ts P Nc Polygonum lapathifolium H As A C Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton pectinatus H Ss P C Potamogeton crispus H Ss P C No Data Pteridiaceae Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum F Ts P C No Data No Data Rosaceae Fragaria ananassa H Ts P C Potentilla kleiniana H Ts P C Salicaceae Salix babylonica S As P Nc No Data Scrophulariaceae Lindernia procumbens H As A Nc 0.15 No Data Mazus japonicus H Ts A Nc Veronica undulata H As P Nc Thelypteridaceae Parathelypteris glanduligera F Ts P C 0.60 No Data Typhaceae Typha orientalis H As P C Umbelliferae Oenanthe javanica H As P C Verbenaceae Verbena officinalis H Ts P Nc Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia S Ts P Nc No Data Vitaceae Cayratia japonica H Ts P C No Data Growth form: H, herbs; G, graminoids; F, ferns; S, shrubs or trees. Life form: As, amphibious species; Ts, terrestrial species; Ss: submerged species. Longevity: A, annual; P, perennial. Clonality: Nc: non-clonal; C: clonal.

6 Table S2 Results of nested ANOVA for species and functional diversity Dependent variable Source df F P Species richness Wetland type <0.001 Transect nested in wetland type <0.001 Error 228 Functional richness Wetland type <0.01 Transect nested in wetland type Error 161 Functional evenness Wetland type <0.01 Transect nested in wetland type Functional divergence Error 161 Wetland type Transect nested in wetland type Error 161 Note that functional richness, evenness, and divergence cannot be calculated for plant communities with <3 functionally singular species.

7 Reservoir Mainstem Jau Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Reservoir water level (m) Dec Mainstem water level (m) 171 Months Fig. S1

8 Cumulative number of species 100 Reservoir shorelines 90 Mainstem riparian wetlands 80 Tributary riparian wetlands Number of plots Fig. S2

9 7 (A) 6 5 a b bc Clay Loam Sand Gravel Boulder 4 c 3 d a b ab b b Species richness Functional richness Functional evenness Functional divergence (B) b a b * * Mildly disturbed Moderately disturbed Severely disturbed Mountains Plains b a ab Species richness Functional richness Functional evenness Functional divergence Fig. S3