Invasive Alien Vascular Plants in Bulgaria
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1 Invasive Alien Vascular Plants in Bulgaria Vladimir Vladimirov Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Sofia, Bulgaria EPPO training workshop, 8-11 July 2013, Belgrade
2 The flora of Bulgaria ca sq. km species of vascular plants ca. 440 Balkan and Bulgarian endemics ca. 350 neophytes Haberlea rhodopensis
3 Cumulative number of alien plants (by year of first recording in Bulgaria) <
4 Invasive Alien Species of Vascular Plants in Bulgaria (book) Introductory chapter devoted to IAS issue 60 species included
5 Selection criteria for the species no strict criteria-based approach adopted due to lack of sufficient data Selection of species was based on: Current distribution and abundance Trends in distribution and abundance Impacts, incl. environmental, economic and on human health Recorded invasiveness in other parts of Europe with similar climatic conditions
6 List of invasive and potentially invasive species (with top 10 ) Acer negundo Ailanthus altissima Amaranthus albus/ hybridus/retroflexus Ambrosia artemisiifolia Amorpha fruticosa Asclepias syriaca Bidens bipinnatus/ frondosus/vulgatus Broussonetia papyrifera Buddleja davidii Cenchrus incertus Chenopodium ambrosoides/ pumilio Cuscuta campestris Datura stramonium Echinocystis lobata Eclipta prostrata Elaeagnus angustifolia Elodea canadensis/ nuttallii Erigeron annuus/ bonariensis/ canadensis/ sumatrensis Euphorbia davidii/ maculata Fallopia bohemica Galinsoga parviflora/ quadriradiata Gleditsia triacanthos Grindelia squarrosa Helianthus tuberosus Impatiens glandulifera/ parviflora Iva xanthiifolia Juncus tenuis Koelreuteria paniculata Laburnum anagyroides Lycium barbarum Matricaria discoidea Oenothera biennis Opuntia humifusa Oxalis corniculata Panicum capillare/ dichotomiflorum Parthenocissus inserta/ quinquefolia Paspalum distichum Phytolacca americana Robinia pseudoacacia Senecio inaequidens Sicyos angulatus Solidago gigantea Sorghum halepense Symphyotrichum novibelgii agg. Xanthium italicum/ spinosum
7 Taxonomic structure (families) Astera- Poa- Faba- Balsami- Chenopo- Cucurbi- Euphorb- Hydrocha- Solana- Vitaother 14
8 Biological type Worst IAS ann - bien - per; 6 trees; 8 shrubs; 2 shrubs; 6 trees; 3 annual; 26 perennials; 3 perennial; 13 annuals; 2 biennial; 1
9 Origin of IAS Europe; 2 other; 4 Worst IAS Europe; 1 Asia; 9 Asia; 1 North America; 29 Africa & America; 1 America; 1 North America; 6 America; 12 South America; 4
10 Introduction (deliberate vs. accidental) Worst IAS Unintentional; 23 unintentional; 4 intentional; 6 Intentional; 37
11 Wide distribution / high environmental impact Ailanthus altissima Other similar species: Amorpha fruticosa Robinia pseudoacacia
12 Wide distribution / low environmental impact / high impact on human health & agriculture Iva xanthiifolia Ambrosia artemisiifolia
13 Limited distribution / high environmental impact Opuntia humifusa
14 Wide distribution / low (?no) environmental impact / high economic impact G. quadriradiata Galinsoga parviflora Galinsoga quadriradiata Other similar species: Amaranthus spp., Erigeron annuus, E. bonariensis E. canadensis, E. sumatrensis, Sorghum halepense
15 Emerging environmental weeds limited distribution / low impact /?high dispersal potential Bidens bipinnatus Cenchrus incertus
16 Acknowledgements Two major projects: 1. Biology, ecology and control of the invasive aliens species in the Bulgarian flora ( ) funded by the National Science Fund 2. Assessment of the alien species for the Bulgarian flora and mycota and measures for mitigation of their impact on the natural ecosystems and native species ( ), funded by the Bulgarian Ministry of Environment and Water Other colaborators: Ana Petrova, Valeri Georgiev Krasimira Petkova, Senka Milanova Petka Yurukova-Grancharova, Iva Apostolova, Hristo Pedashenko
17 Thank you!
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