MORPHOLOGY STUDY EXTERNAL PLANT STRUCTURE

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1 MORPHOLOGY STUDY EXTERNAL PLANT STRUCTURE

2 TERMINAL BUD ^ P LATERAL BUD TERMINAL BUD SCALE SCAR ANGIOSPERM TWIG MORPHOLOGY TERMINAL BUD SCALE SCAR BUD SCAR TERMINAL BUD SCALE SCAR BUNDLE SCARS

3 PHYLOGENY

4 PHYLOGENY + STUDY PLANT EVOLUTION PHYLOGENY

5 PHYLOGENY STUDY PLANT EVOLUTION

6 PLANT PHYLOGENY ^ T TRACHEOPHYTES

7 TAXONOMY

8 TAXONOMY + STUDY PLANT CLASSIFICATION TAXONOMY

9 TAXONOMY STUDY PLANT CLASSIFICATION

10 PLANTAE ^ MAGNOLIOPHYTA MAGNOLIOPSIDA MAGNOLIALES MAGNOLIACEAE LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA TULIP POPLAR TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION

11 > PLANT DEFINITION

12 > PLANT DEFINTION NO COMMON DEFINITION AMONGST BOTANISTS

13 ^ PLANT DEFINITION SUBJECTIVE

14 P PLANT CLASS DEFINITION

15 PLANT

16 PLANT ORGANISM THAT POSSESSES PLASTIDS PLANT

17 PLANT CELL P PLASTID C.S.

18 PLASTID

19 PLASTID + P PLANT ORGANELLE ASSOCIATED WITH: PLASTID

20 PLASTID PLANT ORGANELLE ASSOCIATED WITH: PHOTOSYNTHESIS PLASTID

21 PHOTOSYNTHESIS

22 PLANT CELL C PLASTID C.S.

23 PLANT CELL P CHLOROPLAST C.S.

24 PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER CO2 ^ P LIGHT EGY E- PHOTO PHOTOLYSIS ATMOSPHERE LT RXT THYLAKOID ATP DK RXT STROMA CHLOROPLAST SYNTHESIS CHEM EGY INPUT ATMOSPHERE OXYGEN GLUOSE

25 PLASTID + S PLANT ORGANELLE ASSOCIATED WITH: PLASTID

26 PLASTID PLANT ORGANELLE ASSOCIATED WITH: STARCH STORAGE PLASTID

27 PHOTOSYNTHESIS P

28 PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER CO2 S LIGHT EGY E- PHOTO PHOTOLYSIS ATMOSPHERE LT RXT THYLAKOID ATP DK RXT STROMA CHLOROPLAST SYNTHESIS CHEM EGY INPUT ATMOSPHERE OXYGEN GLUOSE

29 PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER CO2 LIGHT EGY E- PHOTO PHOTOLYSIS ATMOSPHERE LT RXT THYLAKOID ATP DK RXT STROMA CHLOROPLAST SYNTHESIS CHEM EGY INPUT ATMOSPHERE OXYGEN STARCH

30 STARCH STORAGE P STARCH GRAINS ROOT C.S.

31 STARCH STORAGE L PLASTIDS ROOT C.S.

32 STARCH STORAGE S LEUCOPLASTS ROOT C.S.

33 PLANT ^ T ORGANISM THAT POSSESSES PLASTIDS PLANT

34 TRUE PLANT

35 TRUE PLANT + POSSESSES CHLOROPLASTS WITH: DOUBLE MEMBRANE TRUE PLANT

36 TRUE PLANT POSSESSES CHLOROPLASTS WITH: DOUBLE MEMBRANE TRUE PLANT

37 TRUE PLANT CELL CHLOROPLAST

38 TRUE PLANT CHLOROPLAST ULTRASTRUCTURE STROMA DOUBLE MEMBRANE GRANUM VESICLES + T THYLAKOID W/ CHL A&B

39 TRUE PLANT + POSSESSES CHLOROPLASTS WITH: CHLOROPHYLL A&B TRUE PLANT

40 TRUE PLANT POSSESSES CHLOROPLASTS WITH: CHLOROPHYLL A&B TRUE PLANT

41 TRUE PLANT CHLOROPLAST ULTRASTRUCTURE STROMA DOUBLE MEMBRANE GRANUM VESICLES S THYLAKOID W/ CHL A&B

42 TRUE PLANT? POSSESSES CHLOROPLASTS WITH: DOUBLE MEMBRANE CHLOROPHYLL A&B TRUE PLANT

43 ? M

44 MAGNOLIA P

45 PLANT T

46 TRUE PLANT ^

47 ^ PLASTID EVOLUTION

48 E ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

49 ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

50 ENDOSYMBIOTIC ^ THEORY PLASTID EVOLUTION VIA SYMBIOSIS ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

51 SYMBIOSIS S

52 SYMBIOSIS

53 SYMBIOSIS 2 SPECIES LIVING INTRICATE ASSOCIATION SYMBIOSIS

54 L

55 LICHEN LICHEN SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP

56 LICHEN THALLUS + SYMBIOSIS L.S.

57 LICHEN THALLUS F SYMBIOSIS L.S.

58 LICHEN THALLUS B FUNGUS SYMBIONT SYMBIOSIS L.S.

59 LICHEN THALLUS S BACTERIA SYMBIONT FUNGUS SYMBIONT SYMBIOSIS L.S.

60 LICHEN ^ LICHEN SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP

61 L SYMBIOSIS TYPES

62 SYMBIOSIS TYPES PARASITISM SYMBIOSIS TYPES

63 SYMBIOSIS TYPES PARASITISM COMMENSALISM SYMBIOSIS TYPES

64 SYMBIOSIS TYPES P PARASITISM COMMENSALISM MUTUALISM SYMBIOSIS TYPES

65 PARASITISM

66 SYMBIOSIS PARASITISM ONE SPECIES BENEFITS ONE SPECIES ADVERSELY AFFECTED SYMBIOSIS PARASITISM

67 INDIAN PIPE F

68 INDIAN PIPE AB FLOWER

69 INDIAN PIPE P AB CHLOROPLASTS ABSENT

70 INDIAN PIPE N PHOTOSYNTHESIS ABSENT

71 INDIAN PIPE P NON-PSYN PLANT

72 INDIAN PIPE ^ PARASITISM

73 COMMENSALISM

74 SYMBIOSIS COMMENSALISM ONE SPECIES BENEFITS ONE SPECIES UNAFFECTED SYMBIOSIS COMMENSALISM

75 AFRICAN SAVANNA

76 SYMBIOSIS C

77 ^ COMMENSALISM SYMBIOSIS

78 MUTUALISM

79 SYMBIOSIS TYPES MUTUALISM BOTH/TWO SPECIES BENEFIT SYMBIOSIS TYPES MUTUALISM

80 LICHEN

81 LICHEN THALLUS F SYMBIOSIS L.S.

82 LICHEN THALLUS B FUNGUS SYMBIONT SYMBIOSIS L.S.

83 LICHEN THALLUS P BACTERIA SYMBIONT FUNGUS SYMBIONT SYMBIOSIS L.S.

84 LICHEN THALLUS G BACTERIA SYMBIONT PHOTOSYNTHETIC FUNGUS SYMBIONT SYMBIOSIS L.S.

85 LICHEN THALLUS F BACTERIA SYMBIONT PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROVIDES: GLUCOSE FUNGUS SYMBIONT GLUCOSE SYMBIOSIS L.S.

86 LICHEN THALLUS M BACTERIA SYMBIONT PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROVIDES: GLUCOSE SECURITY FUNGUS SYMBIONT GLUCOSE PROVIDES: SECURITY SYMBIOSIS L.S.

87 LICHEN THALLUS ^ BACTERIA SYMBIONT PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROVIDES: GLUCOSE SECURITY FUNGUS SYMBIONT GLUCOSE PROVIDES: SECURITY MUTUALISM SYMBIOSIS L.S.

88 ENDOSYMBIOSIS E

89 ENDOSYMBIOSIS

90 ENDOSYMBIOSIS ONE SPECIES LIVING WITHIN SECOND HOST SPECIES ENDOSYMBIOSIS

91 ENDOSYMBIOTIC CHLOROPLASTS GREEN ALGAE FOOD VACUOLE NUCLEUS PLANT CELL P CONTRACTILE VACUOLE SYMBIOSIS FOOD ORGANISM WITH FOOD VACUOLE

92 ENDOSYMBIOTIC CHLOROPLASTS GREEN ALGAE FOOD VACUOLE NUCLEUS PROTOZOAN G CONTRACTILE VACUOLE SYMBIOSIS FOOD ORGANISM WITH FOOD VACUOLE

93 FOOD VACUOLE SYMBIOTIC GREEN ALGA NUCLEUS PROTOZOAN E CONTRACTILE VACUOLE SYMBIOSIS FOOD ORGANISM WITH FOOD VACUOLE

94 ENDOSYMBIOTIC GREEN ALGA FOOD VACUOLE NUCLEUS PROTOZOAN ^ CONTRACTILE VACUOLE ENDOSYMBIOSIS SYMBIOSIS FOOD ORGANISM WITH FOOD VACUOLE

95 PLASTID EVOLUTION HYPOTHETICAL SCENARIO

96 S HETEROTROPHIC HOST CELL DNA W\ HISTONE PROTEINS LARGE RIBOSOMES AUTOTROPHIC PROKARYOTE DNA W\OUT HISTONE PROTEINS SMALL RIBOSOMES

97 P HETEROTROPHIC HOST CELL DNA W\ HISTONE PROTEINS LARGE RIBOSOMES AUTOTROPHIC PROKARYOTE DNA W\OUT HISTONE PROTEINS SMALL RIBOSOMES HETEROTROPH & AUTOTROPH: SAME HABITAT

98 C HETEROTROPHIC HOST CELL DNA W\ HISTONE PROTEINS LARGE RIBOSOMES AUTOTROPHIC PROKARYOTE DNA CHL W\OUT A&B HISTONE + CAROTENOIDS PROTEINS PHOTOSYNTHESIS SMALL GRANA RIBOSOMES PRESENT GLUCOSE

99 E HETEROTROPHIC HOST CELL CONSUMES OTHER ORGANISMS CONSUMES AUTOTROPH AUTOTROPHIC PROKARYOTE DNA CHL W\OUT A&B HISTONE + CAROTENOIDS PROTEINS PHOTOSYNTHESIS SMALL GRANA RIBOSOMES PRESENT GLUCOSE

100 HETEROTROPH CONSUMES AUTOTROPH E HETEROTROPHIC HOST CELL DNA W\ HISTONE PROTEINS LARGE RIBOSOMES AUTOTROPHIC PROKARYOTE CHL A&B + CAROTENOIDS GRANA PRESENT ENDOCYTOSIS

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