MOLEKULARNA OSNOVA NASLEDJIVANJA

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "MOLEKULARNA OSNOVA NASLEDJIVANJA"

Transcription

1 MOLEKULARNA OSNOVA NASLEDJIVANJA

2 Osnovne karakteristike genetičkog materijala čuvanje genetičke informacije u strukturi DNK Samoudvajanje kroz replikaciju Sposobnost kontrole fenotipa kroz sintezu proteina promenljivost putem mutacija Zašto DNK?

3 struktura

4 Baze: purini (adenin i guanin) pirimidini (timin i citozin) (uracil) Fosfatna grupa Pentozni šećer nukleotidi Makromolekuli, DNK i RNK DNK - dvostruki polinukleotidni lanac

5 Homo sapiens, mlada vrsta Ljudi na nivou nukleotida imaju oko 98,8% sličnosti sa šimpanzama, a jedinke unutar vrste Homo sapiens medjusobno se razlikuju u proseku u 1/ nukleotida.

6 Organism Genome Size (Bases) Estimated Genes Human (Homo sapiens) 3 billion 30,000 Laboratory mouse (M. musculus) 2.6 billion 30,000 Mustard weed (A. thaliana) 100 million 25,000 Roundworm (C. elegans) 97 million 19,000 Fruit fly (D. melanogaster) 137 million 13,000 Yeast (S. cerevisiae) 12.1 million 6,000 Bacterium (E. coli) 4.6 million 3,200 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

7 JEDARNA DNK 3.2 Gb VANGENSKA DNK 75% GENSKA DNK 25% kodirajući i regulatorni Regioni 1.5% nekodirajući Regioni 23.5% satelitska DNK 5% mt DNK 16.5kb tandemski Ponovci 9% mikro Sateliti 1% mini Sateliti 3% ponavljajuća DNK 54% SINE 13% LINE 21% UNIKATNE KOPIJE 21% rasuti Ponovci 45% LTR 8% DNKtrans pozoni 3% Klasifikacija humanog genoma i DNK sekvenci prema strukturi i funkciji

8 replikacija osnovne osobine Semikonzervativnost Komplementarnost neophodno RNK prajmer DNK polimeraza III (5 3 )

9 kod eukarioita Više početaka replikacije

10

11 Lančana reakcija polimeraze

12 Pol III 5 3 polimerizacija Pol III 3 5 editovanje, tj. provera čitanja

13 kraj replikacije kod eukariota - telomere -kraj replikacije uklanjanje RNK prajmera -5 praznina -enzim telomeraza, RNK enzim -sinteza trinukleotida na DNK na osnovu RNK templeta -ponavljanje sinteze -ligazom i polimerazom se sintetiše DNK na osnovu dodatog RNK prajmera -ukloni se prajmer -hromozom je sačuvao dužinu

14 ekspresija gena do ishoda - fenotipa genom ćelija hromozomi geni DNK proteini Proteini deluju pojedinačno ili udruženo u kompleksu u obavljanju različitih ćelijuskih funkcija Geni sadrže instrukcije za stvaranje proteina

15 ekspresija gena do ishoda - fenotipa Trilioni ćelija u organizmu, na primer, čoveka Svaka ćelija po 46 hromozoma = 2m DNK 3 milijarde subjedniica (baza A,T,G,C) Oko gena kodira za proteine osnovnih životnih funkcija ćelija

16

17

18 KOD KODON ANTIKODON DNK i-rnk t-rnk POLIPEPTID ekspresija gena do ishoda - fenotipa

19

20

21 Stuktura gena eukariota egzoni introni

22 Genske familije aktini, globini, miozin, proteini jajeta, Ig,...

23 Tandemske genske familije Histoni, geni za r-rnk (organozator nukleolusa), t-rnk,

24 TRANSKRIPCIJA

25 promotor gena prokariota i eukariota RNK polimeraza se vezuje za promotor Prepoznajući konsenzus sekvence duž DNK...

26 Transkripcija sinteza RNK molekula 3 osnovna tipa RNK molekula translacija sinteza polipeptida

27 GENETIČKI KOD (ŠIFRA) UNIVERZALNOST IZROĐENOST NEPREKLAPANJE KONTINUIRANOST

28 Translacija

29 različiti nivoi regulacije ekspresije gena kod eukariota

30 postgenomska era više nema tehničkih barijera za dobijanje informacija o genomu izazov razumevanje proteoma, transkriptoma, metaloboma... teško polje istraživanja - nedostaju metode za potpuno deifnisanje Svaka ćelija ima isti genom, istu DNK sekvencu sa kojom se radja, ali svaka ćelija u telu ima drugačiji proteom, a on se menja i kroz vreme. Ex:Pri infekciji, proteom se menja u ćelijama, kao imuni odgovor. Lekovi, vežbanje, ishrana..proteomi se menjaju kao odgovor na fluktuacije i unutarćelijskoj i medjućelijskoj sredini. Prelaz sa klasičnog razmišljanja jedan gen - jedan protein - jedan fenotip na razumevanje složenih fenotipova

31 Promenljivost genetičkog materijala Mutacije promene u genima, hromozomima slučajni dogadjaji spontane / indukovane germinativne/somatske nasledne kroz generacije u populacijama nastanak tumora karcinogeneza delovanjem agenasa, mutagena

32 DNK SEKVENCA OSOBA 1 NORMALNI PROTEIN OSOBA 2 NEFUNKCIONALNI PROTEIN OSOBA 3 IZMENJENI PROTEIN DOVODI DO POREMEĆAJA, OBOLJENJA

33 spontane mutacije tokom replikacije tautomerni oblici

34 tranzicije transverzije

35 bez efekta na fenotip - tihe - DNK polimorfizmi - neutralne sa efektom na fenotip na nivou translacije proteina nonsens zaustavljanje translacije misens zamena amino kiseline frameshift - promena celog polipeptida

Nukleinske kiseline. Michael Blackburn et al., Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology, RSC Publishing, 2006

Nukleinske kiseline. Michael Blackburn et al., Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology, RSC Publishing, 2006 ukleinske kiseline From the beginning, the study of nucleic acids has drawn together, as though by a powerful unseen force, a galaxy of scientists of the highest ability. Striving to tease apart its secrets,

More information

% genoma kodira proteine >2/3 genoma višak DNK Organizmi su više od prostog zbira njihovih gena

% genoma kodira proteine >2/3 genoma višak DNK Organizmi su više od prostog zbira njihovih gena 1972. 1-2% genoma kodira proteine >2/3 genoma višak DNK 2001. Organizmi su više od prostog zbira njihovih gena Venter: Biology is complicated, that's one of the key messages that came out of the genome..

More information

Giri Narasimhan. CAP 5510: Introduction to Bioinformatics CGS 5166: Bioinformatics Tools. Evaluation. Course Homepage.

Giri Narasimhan. CAP 5510: Introduction to Bioinformatics CGS 5166: Bioinformatics Tools. Evaluation. Course Homepage. CAP 5510: Introduction to Bioinformatics CGS 5166: Bioinformatics Tools Giri Narasimhan ECS 389; Phone: x3748 giri@cis.fiu.edu www.cis.fiu.edu/~giri/teach/bioinfs06.html 1/12/06 CAP5510/CGS5166 1 Evaluation

More information

CGS 5991 (2 Credits) Bioinformatics Tools

CGS 5991 (2 Credits) Bioinformatics Tools CAP 5991 (3 Credits) Introduction to Bioinformatics CGS 5991 (2 Credits) Bioinformatics Tools Giri Narasimhan 8/26/03 CAP/CGS 5991: Lecture 1 1 Course Schedules CAP 5991 (3 credit) will meet every Tue

More information

Procedure to Create NCBI KOGS

Procedure to Create NCBI KOGS Procedure to Create NCBI KOGS full details in: Tatusov et al (2003) BMC Bioinformatics 4:41. 1. Detect and mask typical repetitive domains Reason: masking prevents spurious lumping of non-orthologs based

More information

Computational Structural Bioinformatics

Computational Structural Bioinformatics Computational Structural Bioinformatics ECS129 Instructor: Patrice Koehl http://koehllab.genomecenter.ucdavis.edu/teaching/ecs129 koehl@cs.ucdavis.edu Learning curve Math / CS Biology/ Chemistry Pre-requisite

More information

11/24/13. Science, then, and now. Computational Structural Bioinformatics. Learning curve. ECS129 Instructor: Patrice Koehl

11/24/13. Science, then, and now. Computational Structural Bioinformatics. Learning curve. ECS129 Instructor: Patrice Koehl Computational Structural Bioinformatics ECS129 Instructor: Patrice Koehl http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/~koehl/teaching/ecs129/index.html koehl@cs.ucdavis.edu Learning curve Math / CS Biology/ Chemistry Pre-requisite

More information

MCB142/ICB163 Overview. Instructors:

MCB142/ICB163 Overview. Instructors: MCB142/ICB163 Overview Instructors: Professor Sharon Amacher Professor Abby Dernburg Professor Monty Slatkin GSIs: Kristin Camfield Nat Hallihan Hana Lee Christine Preston Richard Price Kate Smallenburg

More information

DNA i genetička šifra. Izv. prof. dr. sc. Ivana Novak Nakir Studij Farmacije, 3. godina Molekularna biologija s genetikom ak. god.

DNA i genetička šifra. Izv. prof. dr. sc. Ivana Novak Nakir Studij Farmacije, 3. godina Molekularna biologija s genetikom ak. god. DNA i genetička šifra Izv. prof. dr. sc. Ivana Novak Nakir Studij Farmacije, 3. godina Molekularna biologija s genetikom ak. god. 2017/18 DNA struktura Tko je otkrio nukleinske kiseline? Friedrich Miescher

More information

ECOL/MCB 320 and 320H Genetics

ECOL/MCB 320 and 320H Genetics ECOL/MCB 320 and 320H Genetics Instructors Dr. C. William Birky, Jr. Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Lecturing on Molecular genetics Transmission genetics Population and evolutionary genetics

More information

BSC 4934: QʼBIC Capstone Workshop" Giri Narasimhan. ECS 254A; Phone: x3748

BSC 4934: QʼBIC Capstone Workshop Giri Narasimhan. ECS 254A; Phone: x3748 BSC 4934: QʼBIC Capstone Workshop" Giri Narasimhan ECS 254A; Phone: x3748 giri@cs.fiu.edu http://www.cs.fiu.edu/~giri/teach/bsc4934_su10.html July 2010 7/12/10 Q'BIC Bioinformatics 1 Overview of Course"

More information

Advanced Algorithms and Models for Computational Biology

Advanced Algorithms and Models for Computational Biology Advanced Algorithms and Models for Computational Biology Introduction to cell biology genomics development and probability Eric ing Lecture January 3 006 Reading: Chap. DTM book Introduction to cell biology

More information

Univerzitet u Beogradu Matematiqki fakultet. Razvoj nove metode za odreiva e elemenata za kontrolu genske ekspresije kod bakterija

Univerzitet u Beogradu Matematiqki fakultet. Razvoj nove metode za odreiva e elemenata za kontrolu genske ekspresije kod bakterija Univerzitet u Beogradu Matematiqki fakultet Razvoj nove metode za odreiva e elemenata za kontrolu genske ekspresije kod bakterija - Master rad - Mentor: dr Nenad Miti Kandidat: Marko Stojievi Beograd,

More information

Odredivanje pozicije riboswitch sekvenci u genomu Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei BGSJ2-8

Odredivanje pozicije riboswitch sekvenci u genomu Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei BGSJ2-8 Univerzitet u Beogradu Matematički fakultet Master rad Odredivanje pozicije riboswitch sekvenci u genomu Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei BGSJ2-8 Student: Aleksandar Stefanović Mentor: dr Nenad

More information

Welcome to BIOL 572: Recombinant DNA techniques

Welcome to BIOL 572: Recombinant DNA techniques Lecture 1: 1 Welcome to BIOL 572: Recombinant DNA techniques Agenda 1: Introduce yourselves Agenda 2: Course introduction Agenda 3: Some logistics for BIOL 572 Agenda 4: Q&A section Agenda 1: Introduce

More information

Graph Alignment and Biological Networks

Graph Alignment and Biological Networks Graph Alignment and Biological Networks Johannes Berg http://www.uni-koeln.de/ berg Institute for Theoretical Physics University of Cologne Germany p.1/12 Networks in molecular biology New large-scale

More information

CAP 5510: Introduction to Bioinformatics CGS 5166: Bioinformatics Tools

CAP 5510: Introduction to Bioinformatics CGS 5166: Bioinformatics Tools CAP 5510: to : Tools ECS 254A / EC 2474; Phone x3748; Email: giri@cis.fiu.edu My Homepage: http://www.cs.fiu.edu/~giri http://www.cs.fiu.edu/~giri/teach/bioinfs15.html Office ECS 254 (and EC 2474); Phone:

More information

The Eukaryotic Genome and Its Expression. The Eukaryotic Genome and Its Expression. A. The Eukaryotic Genome. Lecture Series 11

The Eukaryotic Genome and Its Expression. The Eukaryotic Genome and Its Expression. A. The Eukaryotic Genome. Lecture Series 11 The Eukaryotic Genome and Its Expression Lecture Series 11 The Eukaryotic Genome and Its Expression A. The Eukaryotic Genome B. Repetitive Sequences (rem: teleomeres) C. The Structures of Protein-Coding

More information

Projektovanje paralelnih algoritama II

Projektovanje paralelnih algoritama II Projektovanje paralelnih algoritama II Primeri paralelnih algoritama, I deo Paralelni algoritmi za množenje matrica 1 Algoritmi za množenje matrica Ovde su data tri paralelna algoritma: Direktan algoritam

More information

1. INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS BIOINFORMATICS COURSE MTAT

1. INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS BIOINFORMATICS COURSE MTAT 1. INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS BIOINFORMATICS COURSE MTAT.03.239 05.09.2012 LIFE Is a characteristic that distinguishes objects that have signaling and self-sustaining processes (i.e. living

More information

Computational Biology: Basics & Interesting Problems

Computational Biology: Basics & Interesting Problems Computational Biology: Basics & Interesting Problems Summary Sources of information Biological concepts: structure & terminology Sequencing Gene finding Protein structure prediction Sources of information

More information

opisi lokusa: laczp (promotor), laczo (operator), lacat (terminator)

opisi lokusa: laczp (promotor), laczo (operator), lacat (terminator) Predavanje GIO 6 Nomenklatura gena modelnih organizama Dr. sc. Višnja Bačun-Družina, izv. prof. Bakterije geni (lokusi): uvra, uvrb; opisi lokusa: laczp (promotor), laczo (operator), lacat (terminator)

More information

Model plants and their Role in genetic manipulation. Mitesh Shrestha

Model plants and their Role in genetic manipulation. Mitesh Shrestha Model plants and their Role in genetic manipulation Mitesh Shrestha Definition of Model Organism Specific species or organism Extensively studied in research laboratories Advance our understanding of Cellular

More information

GENE ACTIVITY Gene structure Transcription Transcript processing mrna transport mrna stability Translation Posttranslational modifications

GENE ACTIVITY Gene structure Transcription Transcript processing mrna transport mrna stability Translation Posttranslational modifications 1 GENE ACTIVITY Gene structure Transcription Transcript processing mrna transport mrna stability Translation Posttranslational modifications 2 DNA Promoter Gene A Gene B Termination Signal Transcription

More information

Introduction to protein alignments

Introduction to protein alignments Introduction to protein alignments Comparative Analysis of Proteins Experimental evidence from one or more proteins can be used to infer function of related protein(s). Gene A Gene X Protein A compare

More information

Bio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2007

Bio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2007 Bio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2007 B.D. Mishler, Dept. of Integrative Biology 2-6810, bmishler@berkeley.edu Evolution lecture #5 -- Molecular genetics and molecular evolution

More information

You are required to know all terms defined in lecture. EXPLORE THE COURSE WEB SITE 1/6/2010 MENDEL AND MODELS

You are required to know all terms defined in lecture. EXPLORE THE COURSE WEB SITE 1/6/2010 MENDEL AND MODELS 1/6/2010 MENDEL AND MODELS!!! GENETIC TERMINOLOGY!!! Essential to the mastery of genetics is a thorough knowledge and understanding of the vocabulary of this science. New terms will be introduced and defined

More information

microrna Studies Chen-Hanson Ting SVFIG June 23, 2018

microrna Studies Chen-Hanson Ting SVFIG June 23, 2018 microrna Studies Chen-Hanson Ting SVFIG June 23, 2018 Summary MicroRNA (mirna) Species and organisms studied mirna in mitocondria Huge genome files mirna in human Chromosome 1 mirna in bacteria Tools used

More information

Biology. Biology. Slide 1 of 26. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Biology. Slide 1 of 26. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology Biology 1 of 26 Fruit fly chromosome 12-5 Gene Regulation Mouse chromosomes Fruit fly embryo Mouse embryo Adult fruit fly Adult mouse 2 of 26 Gene Regulation: An Example Gene Regulation: An Example

More information

12-5 Gene Regulation

12-5 Gene Regulation 12-5 Gene Regulation Fruit fly chromosome 12-5 Gene Regulation Mouse chromosomes Fruit fly embryo Mouse embryo Adult fruit fly Adult mouse 1 of 26 12-5 Gene Regulation Gene Regulation: An Example Gene

More information

DIRECT-MAT. WP4: Uklanjanje asfaltnih kolovoza i reciklaža putnih materijala u asfalt. Dr Milorad Smiljanić, Institut za puteve, Beograd

DIRECT-MAT. WP4: Uklanjanje asfaltnih kolovoza i reciklaža putnih materijala u asfalt. Dr Milorad Smiljanić, Institut za puteve, Beograd DIRECT-MAT WP4: Uklanjanje asfaltnih kolovoza i reciklaža putnih materijala u asfalt Dr Milorad Smiljanić, Institut za puteve, Beograd WP 4 Prezentacija WP 4: Ciljevi Osvrt na objedinjenu literaturu i

More information

Pyrobayes: an improved base caller for SNP discovery in pyrosequences

Pyrobayes: an improved base caller for SNP discovery in pyrosequences Pyrobayes: an improved base caller for SNP discovery in pyrosequences Aaron R Quinlan, Donald A Stewart, Michael P Strömberg & Gábor T Marth Supplementary figures and text: Supplementary Figure 1. The

More information

Related Courses He who asks is a fool for five minutes, but he who does not ask remains a fool forever.

Related Courses He who asks is a fool for five minutes, but he who does not ask remains a fool forever. CSE 527 Computational Biology http://www.cs.washington.edu/527 Lecture 1: Overview & Bio Review Autumn 2004 Larry Ruzzo Related Courses He who asks is a fool for five minutes, but he who does not ask remains

More information

Chapters 12&13 Notes: DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis

Chapters 12&13 Notes: DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis Chapters 12&13 Notes: DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis Name Period Words to Know: nucleotides, DNA, complementary base pairing, replication, genes, proteins, mrna, rrna, trna, transcription, translation, codon,

More information

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Q1. What is meant by Satellite and Repetitive DNA? Ans: Satellite and repetitive DNA generally refers to DNA whose base sequence is repeated many times throughout the

More information

Bioinformatics Practical for Biochemists

Bioinformatics Practical for Biochemists Bioinformatics Practical for Biochemists Andrei Lupas, Birte Höcker, Steffen Schmidt WS 2012/2013 01. DNA & Genomics 1 Description Lectures about general topics in Bioinformatics & History Tutorials will

More information

WEB PODATAKA (WEB OF DATA)

WEB PODATAKA (WEB OF DATA) WEB PODATAKA (WEB OF DATA) Jelena Jovanović Email: jeljov@gmail.com Web: http://jelenajovanovic.net Današnji Web - problemi Omogućeno je: definisanje načina prikaza informacija, postavljanje linkova ka

More information

Bioinformatics Practical for Biochemists

Bioinformatics Practical for Biochemists Bioinformatics Practical for Biochemists Andrei Lupas, Birte Höcker, Steffen Schmidt WS 2013/2014 01. DNA & Genomics!! 1 Description Lectures about general topics in Bioinformatics & History Tutorials

More information

Introduction of Biotechnology

Introduction of Biotechnology Handai Cyber University Introduction of Biotechnology No.5:Genome biotechnology and yeast Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Information Science, Osaka University 1 International

More information

6.096 Algorithms for Computational Biology. Prof. Manolis Kellis

6.096 Algorithms for Computational Biology. Prof. Manolis Kellis 6.096 Algorithms for Computational Biology Prof. Manolis Kellis Today s Goals Introduction Class introduction Challenges in Computational Biology Gene Regulation: Regulatory Motif Discovery Exhaustive

More information

Homolog. Orthologue. Comparative Genomics. Paralog. What is Comparative Genomics. What is Comparative Genomics

Homolog. Orthologue. Comparative Genomics. Paralog. What is Comparative Genomics. What is Comparative Genomics Orthologue Orthologs are genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene by speciation. Normally, orthologs retain the same function in the course of evolution. Identification of orthologs

More information

Chapter 16: Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Chapter 16: Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies Chapter Review 1. Use the phylogenetic tree shown at the right to complete the following. a. Explain how many clades are indicated: Three: (1) chimpanzee/human, (2) chimpanzee/ human/gorilla, and (3)chimpanzee/human/

More information

KLASIFIKACIJA NAIVNI BAJES. NIKOLA MILIKIĆ URL:

KLASIFIKACIJA NAIVNI BAJES. NIKOLA MILIKIĆ   URL: KLASIFIKACIJA NAIVNI BAJES NIKOLA MILIKIĆ EMAIL: nikola.milikic@fon.bg.ac.rs URL: http://nikola.milikic.info ŠTA JE KLASIFIKACIJA? Zadatak određivanja klase kojoj neka instanca pripada instanca je opisana

More information

Genomics and bioinformatics summary. Finding genes -- computer searches

Genomics and bioinformatics summary. Finding genes -- computer searches Genomics and bioinformatics summary 1. Gene finding: computer searches, cdnas, ESTs, 2. Microarrays 3. Use BLAST to find homologous sequences 4. Multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) 5. Trees quantify sequence

More information

The Gene The gene; Genes Genes Allele;

The Gene The gene; Genes Genes Allele; Gene, genetic code and regulation of the gene expression, Regulating the Metabolism, The Lac- Operon system,catabolic repression, The Trp Operon system: regulating the biosynthesis of the tryptophan. Mitesh

More information

Lecture Materials are available on the 321 web site

Lecture Materials are available on the 321 web site MENDEL AND MODELS Explore the Course Web Site http://fire.biol.wwu.edu/trent/trent/biol321index.html Lecture Materials are available on the 321 web site http://fire.biol.wwu.edu/trent/trent/321lectureindex.html

More information

Overview of I519 & Introduction to Bioinformatics. Yuzhen Ye School of Informatics and Computing, IUB

Overview of I519 & Introduction to Bioinformatics. Yuzhen Ye School of Informatics and Computing, IUB Overview of I519 & Introduction to Bioinformatics Yuzhen Ye (yye@indiana.edu) School of Informatics and Computing, IUB Structure of I519 Two classes and one lab each week Python & C (& R) Textbook: Understanding

More information

APPROPRIATENESS OF GENETIC ALGORITHM USE FOR DISASSEMBLY SEQUENCE OPTIMIZATION

APPROPRIATENESS OF GENETIC ALGORITHM USE FOR DISASSEMBLY SEQUENCE OPTIMIZATION JPE (2015) Vol.18 (2) Šebo, J. Original Scientific Paper APPROPRIATENESS OF GENETIC ALGORITHM USE FOR DISASSEMBLY SEQUENCE OPTIMIZATION Received: 17 July 2015 / Accepted: 25 Septembre 2015 Abstract: One

More information

CRISPRseek Workshop Design of target-specific guide RNAs in CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing systems

CRISPRseek Workshop Design of target-specific guide RNAs in CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing systems April 2008 CRISPRseek Workshop Design of target-specific guide RNAs in CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing systems Lihua Julie Zhu Sept 10th 2014 Michael Brodsky Jianhong Ou INSTALLATION First install R 3.1.0 Windows:

More information

Uvod u relacione baze podataka

Uvod u relacione baze podataka Uvod u relacione baze podataka Ana Spasić 2. čas 1 Mala studentska baza dosije (indeks, ime, prezime, datum rodjenja, mesto rodjenja, datum upisa) predmet (id predmeta, sifra, naziv, bodovi) ispitni rok

More information

Copyright Mark Brandt, Ph.D A third method, cryogenic electron microscopy has seen increasing use over the past few years.

Copyright Mark Brandt, Ph.D A third method, cryogenic electron microscopy has seen increasing use over the past few years. Structure Determination and Sequence Analysis The vast majority of the experimentally determined three-dimensional protein structures have been solved by one of two methods: X-ray diffraction and Nuclear

More information

Genome Evolution Greg Lang, Department of Biological Sciences

Genome Evolution Greg Lang, Department of Biological Sciences Genome Evolution Greg Lang, Department of Biological Sciences BioS 010: Bioscience in the 21st Century Mechanisms of genome evolution Gene Duplication Genome Rearrangement Whole Genome Duplication Gene

More information

Genome Sequences and Evolution

Genome Sequences and Evolution Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend Learning Company.. Chapter 5 Genome Sequences and Evolution Chapter Outline 5.1 Introduction 5.2 5.3 Prokaryotic Gene Numbers Range Over an Order of Magnitude Total

More information

Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans, two fruit fly species that are nearly

Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans, two fruit fly species that are nearly Comparative Genomics: Human versus chimpanzee 1. Introduction The chimpanzee is the closest living relative to humans. The two species are nearly identical in DNA sequence (>98% identity), yet vastly different

More information

Proteins: Historians of Life on Earth Garry A. Duncan, Eric Martz, and Sam Donovan

Proteins: Historians of Life on Earth Garry A. Duncan, Eric Martz, and Sam Donovan Microbes Count! 181 Video VI: Microbial Evolution Introduction Prior to the 1980 s, one of the most commonly accepted taxonomic hypotheses in biology was that all organisms belonged to one of two domains:

More information

Regresione metode u QTL analizi diploidnih i tetraploidnih ruža

Regresione metode u QTL analizi diploidnih i tetraploidnih ruža UNIVERZITET U NOVOM SADU PRIRODNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET DEPARTMAN ZA MATEMATIKU I INFORMATIKU Igor Stranjanac Regresione metode u QTL analizi diploidnih i tetraploidnih ruža Master rad Mentor: prof. dr

More information

BLAST Database Searching. BME 110: CompBio Tools Todd Lowe April 8, 2010

BLAST Database Searching. BME 110: CompBio Tools Todd Lowe April 8, 2010 BLAST Database Searching BME 110: CompBio Tools Todd Lowe April 8, 2010 Admin Reading: Read chapter 7, and the NCBI Blast Guide and tutorial http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/why.shtml Read Chapter 8 for

More information

The fields within biology are further divided based on the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them:

The fields within biology are further divided based on the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: Biology Biology (from Greek: βίος, bio, "life"; and λόγος, logos, "knowledge"), more specifically referred to as the biological sciences, is the branch of science that studies life. This broad spectrum

More information

Genomes and Their Evolution

Genomes and Their Evolution 21 Genomes and Their Evolution KEY CONC EPTS 21.1 The Human Genome Project fostered development of faster, less expensive sequencing techniques 21.2 Scientists use bioinformatics to analyze genomes and

More information

Introduction to Bioinformatics. Shifra Ben-Dor Irit Orr

Introduction to Bioinformatics. Shifra Ben-Dor Irit Orr Introduction to Bioinformatics Shifra Ben-Dor Irit Orr Lecture Outline: Technical Course Items Introduction to Bioinformatics Introduction to Databases This week and next week What is bioinformatics? A

More information

Supplementary text for the section Interactions conserved across species: can one select the conserved interactions?

Supplementary text for the section Interactions conserved across species: can one select the conserved interactions? 1 Supporting Information: What Evidence is There for the Homology of Protein-Protein Interactions? Anna C. F. Lewis, Nick S. Jones, Mason A. Porter, Charlotte M. Deane Supplementary text for the section

More information

SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU PRIRODOSLOVNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET BIOLOŠKI ODSJEK

SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU PRIRODOSLOVNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET BIOLOŠKI ODSJEK SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU PRIRODOSLOVNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET BIOLOŠKI ODSJEK Inicijacija replikacije bez ishodišta replikacije The initiation of replication without the origin of replication Studentica: Monika

More information

SOME CHALLENGES IN COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY

SOME CHALLENGES IN COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY SOME CHALLENGES IN COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY M. Vidyasagar Advanced Technology Centre Tata Consultancy Services 6th Floor, Khan Lateefkhan Building Hyderabad 500 001, INDIA sagar@atc.tcs.co.in Keywords: Computational

More information

MALE NEKODIRAJU]E RNK-NOVINE U DIJAGNOSTICI I TERAPIJI

MALE NEKODIRAJU]E RNK-NOVINE U DIJAGNOSTICI I TERAPIJI JMB 2008; 27 (3) DOI: 10.2478/v10011-008-0018-z UDK 577.1 : 61 ISSN 1452-8258 JMB 27: 371 375, 2008 Review article Pregledni ~lanak MALE NEKODIRAJU]E RNK-NOVINE U DIJAGNOSTICI I TERAPIJI SMALL NON-CODING

More information

Gene mention normalization in full texts using GNAT and LINNAEUS

Gene mention normalization in full texts using GNAT and LINNAEUS Gene mention normalization in full texts using GNAT and LINNAEUS Illés Solt 1,2, Martin Gerner 3, Philippe Thomas 2, Goran Nenadic 4, Casey M. Bergman 3, Ulf Leser 2, Jörg Hakenberg 5 1 Department of Telecommunications

More information

Unit 5: Cell Division and Development Guided Reading Questions (45 pts total)

Unit 5: Cell Division and Development Guided Reading Questions (45 pts total) Name: AP Biology Biology, Campbell and Reece, 7th Edition Adapted from chapter reading guides originally created by Lynn Miriello Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Unit 5: Cell Division and Development Guided

More information

November 13, 2009 Bioe 109 Fall 2009 Lecture 20 Evolutionary Genomics

November 13, 2009 Bioe 109 Fall 2009 Lecture 20 Evolutionary Genomics November 13, 2009 Bioe 109 Fall 2009 Lecture 20 Evolutionary Genomics - we have now entered the genomics age - the number of complete genomes continues to rise rapidly each year, now numbering about 200.

More information

Genomes and Their Evolution

Genomes and Their Evolution Chapter 21 Genomes and Their Evolution PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from

More information

A novel laminin β gene BmLanB1-w regulates wing-specific cell adhesion in silkworm, Bombyx mori

A novel laminin β gene BmLanB1-w regulates wing-specific cell adhesion in silkworm, Bombyx mori Supplementary information A novel laminin β gene BmLanB1-w regulates wing-specific cell adhesion in silkworm, Bombyx mori Xiaoling Tong*, Songzhen He *, Jun Chen, Hai Hu, Zhonghuai Xiang, Cheng Lu and

More information

Warm Up. What are some examples of living things? Describe the characteristics of living things

Warm Up. What are some examples of living things? Describe the characteristics of living things Warm Up What are some examples of living things? Describe the characteristics of living things Objectives Identify the levels of biological organization and explain their relationships Describe cell structure

More information

BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA TRŽIŠTE OSIGURANJA 2009

BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA TRŽIŠTE OSIGURANJA 2009 BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA TRŽIŠTE OSIGURANJA 2009 OSTVARENA PREMIJA OSIGURANJA ZA 2009. GODINU U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI u EUR Društvo za osiguranje 31.12.2009 Premija na dan 31.12.2008 Indeks rasta Ukupno neživot

More information

Comparing Genomes! Homologies and Families! Sequence Alignments!

Comparing Genomes! Homologies and Families! Sequence Alignments! Comparing Genomes! Homologies and Families! Sequence Alignments! Allows us to achieve a greater understanding of vertebrate evolution! Tells us what is common and what is unique between different species

More information

Genome wide analysis of protein and mrna half lives reveals dynamic properties of mammalian gene expression

Genome wide analysis of protein and mrna half lives reveals dynamic properties of mammalian gene expression Genome wide analysis of protein and mrna half lives reveals dynamic properties of mammalian gene expression Matthias Selbach Cell Signaling and Mass Spectrometry Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine

More information

Biological Data Mining for Genomic Clustering Using Unsupervised Neural Learning

Biological Data Mining for Genomic Clustering Using Unsupervised Neural Learning Engineering Letters, 14:2, EL_14_2_8 (Advance online publication: 16 May 2007) Biological Data Mining for Genomic Clustering Using Unsupervised Neural Learning Shreyas Sen, Seetharam Narasimhan, and Amit

More information

Chapter 2. Genome Anatomies

Chapter 2. Genome Anatomies Chapter 2. Genome Anatomies Learning outcomes 2.1. An Overview of Genome Anatomies 2.2. The Anatomy of the Eukaryotic Genome 2.3. The Anatomy of the Prokaryotic Genome 2.4. The Repetitive DNA Content of

More information

ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF SPRINGBACK IN SHEET METAL BENDING

ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF SPRINGBACK IN SHEET METAL BENDING ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF SPRINGBACK IN SHEET METAL BENDING Slota Ján, Jurčišin Miroslav Department of Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of

More information

Uloga fenotipske plastičnosti osobina životne istorije i ponašanja u procesima specijacije Acanthoscelides obtectus

Uloga fenotipske plastičnosti osobina životne istorije i ponašanja u procesima specijacije Acanthoscelides obtectus UNIVERZITET U BEOGRADU BIOLOŠKI FAKULTET Uroš B. Savković Uloga fenotipske plastičnosti osobina životne istorije i ponašanja u procesima specijacije Acanthoscelides obtectus doktorska disertacija Beograd,

More information

Introduction to cells

Introduction to cells Almen Cellebiologi Introduction to cells 1. Unity and diversity of cells 2. Microscopes and visualization of cells 3. Prokaryotic cells, eubacteria and archaea 4. Eucaryotic cells, nucleus, mitochondria

More information

ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF PARAMETERS ON TRANSFER FUNCTIONS OF APERIODIC MECHANISMS UDC Života Živković, Miloš Milošević, Ivan Ivanov

ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF PARAMETERS ON TRANSFER FUNCTIONS OF APERIODIC MECHANISMS UDC Života Živković, Miloš Milošević, Ivan Ivanov UNIVERSITY OF NIŠ The scientific journal FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: Mechanical Engineering Vol.1, N o 6, 1999 pp. 675-681 Editor of series: Nenad Radojković, e-mail: radojkovic@ni.ac.yu Address: Univerzitetski

More information

Multiple Sequence Alignments

Multiple Sequence Alignments Multiple Sequence Alignments...... Elements of Bioinformatics Spring, 2003 Tom Carter http://astarte.csustan.edu/ tom/ March, 2003 1 Sequence Alignments Often, we would like to make direct comparisons

More information

Fundamental Genetics. John Ringo University of Maine

Fundamental Genetics. John Ringo University of Maine Fundamental Genetics John Ringo University of Maine PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY

More information

Network Comparison. Gesine Reinert. Department of Statistics University of Oxford

Network Comparison. Gesine Reinert. Department of Statistics University of Oxford Network Comparison Gesine Reinert Department of Statistics University of Oxford reinert@stats.ox.ac.uk Theory of Big Data University College London, 8 January 2015 1 / 46 Outline 1 What are networks? 2

More information

PLNT2530 (2018) Unit 5 Genomes: Organization and Comparisons

PLNT2530 (2018) Unit 5 Genomes: Organization and Comparisons PLNT2530 (2018) Unit 5 Genomes: Organization and Comparisons Unless otherwise cited or referenced, all content of this presenataion is licensed under the Creative Commons License Attribution Share-Alike

More information

G4120: Introduction to Computational Biology

G4120: Introduction to Computational Biology ICB Fall 2009 G4120: Introduction to Computational Biology Oliver Jovanovic, Ph.D. Columbia University Department of Microbiology & Immunology Copyright 2008 Oliver Jovanovic, All Rights Reserved. Genome

More information

Sequence Database Search Techniques I: Blast and PatternHunter tools

Sequence Database Search Techniques I: Blast and PatternHunter tools Sequence Database Search Techniques I: Blast and PatternHunter tools Zhang Louxin National University of Singapore Outline. Database search 2. BLAST (and filtration technique) 3. PatternHunter (empowered

More information

An alternative method for the determination of siloxane activities toward basic equilibration catalysts

An alternative method for the determination of siloxane activities toward basic equilibration catalysts J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 70 (12) 1461 1468 (2005) UDC 678.84:541.121:54 44 JSCS 3384 Original scientific paper An alternative method for the determination of siloxane activities toward basic equilibration catalysts

More information

Aplikativna bioinformatika - Praktikum

Aplikativna bioinformatika - Praktikum Aplikativna bioinformatika - Praktikum Biološke baze podataka Poravnanje sekvenci Predikcija gena i proteinske strukture Filogenetičke analize Belma Kalamujić Stroil Semir Dorić Lada Lukić Bilela Naris

More information

Supplementary Information

Supplementary Information Supplementary Information Rice APC/C TE controls tillering through mediating the degradation of MONOCULM 1 Qibing Lin 1*, Dan Wang 1*, Hui Dong 2*, Suhai Gu 1, Zhijun Cheng 1, Jie Gong 2, Ruizhen Qin 1,

More information

RAČUNALNE METODE PRILAGOĐENE ISTRAŽIVANJU BIOKEMIJSKIH/BIOLOŠKIH SUSTAVA. Kolegij: Strukturna računalna biofizika

RAČUNALNE METODE PRILAGOĐENE ISTRAŽIVANJU BIOKEMIJSKIH/BIOLOŠKIH SUSTAVA. Kolegij: Strukturna računalna biofizika RAČUNALNE METODE PRILAGOĐENE ISTRAŽIVANJU BIOKEMIJSKIH/BIOLOŠKIH SUSTAVA Kolegij: Strukturna računalna biofizika Today the computer is just as important a tool for chemists as the test tube. Simulations

More information

PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION Influence of chloride ions on the open circuit potentials of chromium in deaerated sulfuric acid solutions

PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION Influence of chloride ions on the open circuit potentials of chromium in deaerated sulfuric acid solutions J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 71 (11) 1187 1194 (2006) UDC 54 71'131:546.76:620.193:546.226 325 JSCS 3512 Preliminary communication PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION Influence of chloride ions on the open circuit potentials

More information

Gene Structure & Gene Finding

Gene Structure & Gene Finding Gene Structure & Gene Finding David Wishart Rm. 3-41 Athabasca Hall david.wishart@ualberta.ca Outline for Next 3 Weeks Genes and Gene Finding (Prokaryotes) Genes and Gene Finding (Eukaryotes) Genome and

More information

Ispitivanje in vitro interakcija jedinjenja zlata sa Na + /K + ATPazom

Ispitivanje in vitro interakcija jedinjenja zlata sa Na + /K + ATPazom UNIVERZITET U BEOGRADU HEMIJSKI FAKULTET Voin Petrović Ispitivanje in vitro interakcija jedinjenja zlata sa Na + /K + ATPazom doktorska disertacija Beograd, 2013. UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE FACULTY OF CHEMISTRY

More information

Od vzniku života po evoluci člověka. Václav Pačes Ústav molekulární gene2ky Akademie věd České republiky

Od vzniku života po evoluci člověka. Václav Pačes Ústav molekulární gene2ky Akademie věd České republiky Od vzniku života po evoluci člověka Václav Pačes Ústav molekulární gene2ky Akademie věd České republiky Exon 1 Intron (413 nt) Exon 2 Exon 1 Exon 2 + + 15 nt + 4 nt Genome of RNA-bacteriophage

More information

BIOINFORMATICS LAB AP BIOLOGY

BIOINFORMATICS LAB AP BIOLOGY BIOINFORMATICS LAB AP BIOLOGY Bioinformatics is the science of collecting and analyzing complex biological data. Bioinformatics combines computer science, statistics and biology to allow scientists to

More information

utorak, , prvi parcijalni pismeni ispit (PP-1) iz FIM-a - student/ica koji/a želi polagati PP-1 treba poslati e-poruku na e-adresu

utorak, , prvi parcijalni pismeni ispit (PP-1) iz FIM-a - student/ica koji/a želi polagati PP-1 treba poslati e-poruku na e-adresu utorak, 14.11.2017., prvi parcijalni pismeni ispit (PP-1) iz FIM-a - student/ica koji/a želi polagati PP-1 treba poslati e-poruku na e-adresu aslavica@pbf.hr najkasnije do 24:00 h u nedjelju, 12. 11. 2017.

More information

Red veze za benzen. Slika 1.

Red veze za benzen. Slika 1. Red veze za benzen Benzen C 6 H 6 je aromatično ciklično jedinjenje. Njegove dve rezonantne forme (ili Kekuléove structure), prema teoriji valentne veze (VB) prikazuju se uobičajeno kao na slici 1 a),

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Fig. 1 Influences of crystal lattice contacts on Pol η structures. a. The dominant lattice contact between two hpol η molecules (silver and gold) in the type 1 crystals. b. A close-up view of the hydrophobic

More information

the cell history cell theory basic properties of cells chapter 1

the cell history cell theory basic properties of cells chapter 1 history the cell chapter 1 invention of the microscope hans and zacharias janssen - 1590 galileo galilei - 1609 giovanni faber robert hooke -1665 - Micrographia anton van leewenhoek - 1676 schleiden &

More information

EFFECT OF LAYER THICKNESS, DEPOSITION ANGLE, AND INFILL ON MAXIMUM FLEXURAL FORCE IN FDM-BUILT SPECIMENS

EFFECT OF LAYER THICKNESS, DEPOSITION ANGLE, AND INFILL ON MAXIMUM FLEXURAL FORCE IN FDM-BUILT SPECIMENS EFFECT OF LAYER THICKNESS, DEPOSITION ANGLE, AND INFILL ON MAXIMUM FLEXURAL FORCE IN FDM-BUILT SPECIMENS Ognjan Lužanin *, Dejan Movrin, Miroslav Plančak University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Science,

More information

15.12 Applications of Suffix Trees

15.12 Applications of Suffix Trees 248 Algorithms in Bioinformatis II, SoSe 07, ZBIT, D. Huson, May 14, 2007 15.12 Appliations of Suffix Trees 1. Searhing for exat patterns 2. Minimal unique substrings 3. Maximum unique mathes 4. Maximum

More information