Related Courses He who asks is a fool for five minutes, but he who does not ask remains a fool forever.
|
|
|
- Francis Hunter
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CSE 527 Computational Biology Lecture 1: Overview & Bio Review Autumn 2004 Larry Ruzzo Related Courses He who asks is a fool for five minutes, but he who does not ask remains a fool forever. -- Chinese Proverb Genome 540/541 (Winter/Spring) Intro. To Comp. Mol. Bio. Stat/Biostat 578 (A 2004) Statistical Analysis of Microarrays CSE590CB (AWS) Reading & Research in Comp. Bio. Monday s, 3:30 (MEB 243 this quarter) Combi Seminar (Genome 521; AWS) Wednesday s 1:30 K069 (sometimes 3:30 Hitch 132) 1
2 Homework #1 Find & read a good primer on bio for cs (or vice versa, as appropriate) e.g., see ones listed on 590cb page me a few sentences saying What you read (give me a link or citation) Critique it for your meeting your needs Who would it have been good for, if not you Source: 100,000,000,000 Growth of GenBank (Nucleotides) What s all the fuss? 1,000,000,000 10,000, , The human genome is finished Even if it were, that s only the beginning Explosive growth in biological data is revolutionizing biology & medicine All pre-genomic lab techniques are obsolete (and computation and mathematics are crucial to post-genomic analysis) Source: 2
3 The Genome A VERY Quick Intro To Molecular Biology The hereditary info present in every cell DNA molecule -- a long sequence of nucleotides (A, C, T, G) Human genome -- about 3 x 10 9 nucleotides The genome project -- extract & interpret genomic information, apply to genetics of disease, better understand evolution, The Double Helix DNA Discovered 1869 Role as carrier of genetic information - much later The Double Helix - Watson & Crick 1953 Complementarity A T C G Los Alamos Science 3
4 Genetics - the study of heredity A gene -- classically, an abstract heritable attribute existing in variant forms (alleles) Genotype vs phenotype Mendel Each individual two copies of each gene Each parent contributes one (randomly) Independent assortment Cells Chemicals inside a sac - a fatty layer called the plasma membrane Prokaryotes (e.g., bacteria) - little recognizable substructure Eukaryotes (all multicellular organisms, and many single celled ones, like yeast) - genetic material in nucleus, other organelles for other specialized functions Chromosomes 1 pair of DNA molecules (+ protein wrapper) Most prokaryotes have just 1 chromosome Eukaryotes - all cells have same number of chromosomes, e.g. fruit flies 8, humans & bats 46, rhinoceros 84, Mitosis/Meiosis Most higher eukaryotes are diploid - have homologous pairs of chromosomes, one maternal, other paternal (exception: sex chromosomes) Mitosis - cell division, duplicate each chromosome, 1 copy to each daughter cell Meiosis - 2 divisions form 4 haploid gametes (egg/sperm) Recombination/crossover -- exchange maternal/paternal segments 4
5 Proteins Chain of amino acids, of 20 kinds Proteins are the major functional elements in cells Structural Enzymes (catalyze chemical reactions) Receptors (for hormones, other signaling molecules, odorants, ) Transcription factors 3-D Structure is crucial: the protein folding problem The Central Dogma Genes encode proteins DNA transcribed into messenger RNA RNA translated into proteins Triplet code (codons) The Genetic Code Translation: mrna Protein Watson, Gilman, W itkowski, & Zoller,
6 Ribosomes Gene Structure Transcribed 5 to 3 Promoter region and transcription factor binding sites precede 5 Transcribed region includes 5 and 3 untranslated regions In eukaryotes, most genes also include introns, spliced out before export from nucleus, hence before translation Watson, Gilman, W itkowski, & Zoller, 1992 Genome Sizes Genome Surprises Mycoplasma genitalium E. coli Saccharomyces cerevisiae Caenorhabditis elegans Arabidopsis thaliana Drosophila melanogaster Humans Base Pairs 580,073 4,639,221 12,495, x ,409, ,653, x 10 9 Genes 483 4,290 5,726 19,820 25,498 13,472 ~25,000 Humans have < 1/3 as many genes as expected But perhaps more proteins than expected, due to alternative splicing There are unexpectedly many non-coding RNAs Many other non-coding regions are highly conserved, e.g., across all mammals 6
7 and much more Read one of the many intro surveys or books for much more info. 7
Objective 3.01 (DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis)
Objective 3.01 (DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis) DNA Structure o Discovered by Watson and Crick o Double-stranded o Shape is a double helix (twisted ladder) o Made of chains of nucleotides: o Has four types
Full file at CHAPTER 2 Genetics
CHAPTER 2 Genetics MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Chromosomes are a. small linear bodies. b. contained in cells. c. replicated during cell division. 2. A cross between true-breeding plants bearing yellow seeds produces
BME 5742 Biosystems Modeling and Control
BME 5742 Biosystems Modeling and Control Lecture 24 Unregulated Gene Expression Model Dr. Zvi Roth (FAU) 1 The genetic material inside a cell, encoded in its DNA, governs the response of a cell to various
UNIT 5. Protein Synthesis 11/22/16
UNIT 5 Protein Synthesis IV. Transcription (8.4) A. RNA carries DNA s instruction 1. Francis Crick defined the central dogma of molecular biology a. Replication copies DNA b. Transcription converts DNA
2012 Univ Aguilera Lecture. Introduction to Molecular and Cell Biology
2012 Univ. 1301 Aguilera Lecture Introduction to Molecular and Cell Biology Molecular biology seeks to understand the physical and chemical basis of life. and helps us answer the following? What is the
Introduction to Molecular and Cell Biology
Introduction to Molecular and Cell Biology Molecular biology seeks to understand the physical and chemical basis of life. and helps us answer the following? What is the molecular basis of disease? What
EVOLUTION ALGEBRA Hartl-Clark and Ayala-Kiger
EVOLUTION ALGEBRA Hartl-Clark and Ayala-Kiger Freshman Seminar University of California, Irvine Bernard Russo University of California, Irvine Winter 2015 Bernard Russo (UCI) EVOLUTION ALGEBRA 1 / 10 Hartl
Reading Assignments. A. Genes and the Synthesis of Polypeptides. Lecture Series 7 From DNA to Protein: Genotype to Phenotype
Lecture Series 7 From DNA to Protein: Genotype to Phenotype Reading Assignments Read Chapter 7 From DNA to Protein A. Genes and the Synthesis of Polypeptides Genes are made up of DNA and are expressed
Biology I Fall Semester Exam Review 2014
Biology I Fall Semester Exam Review 2014 Biomolecules and Enzymes (Chapter 2) 8 questions Macromolecules, Biomolecules, Organic Compunds Elements *From the Periodic Table of Elements Subunits Monomers,
Number of questions TEK (Learning Target) Biomolecules & Enzymes
Unit Biomolecules & Enzymes Number of questions TEK (Learning Target) on Exam 8 questions 9A I can compare and contrast the structure and function of biomolecules. 9C I know the role of enzymes and how
Interphase & Cell Division
1 Interphase & Cell Division 2 G1 = cell grows and carries out its normal job. S phase = DNA is copied (replicated/duplicated) G2 = Cell prepares for division 3 During mitosis, the nuclear membrane breaks
Cell Division: the process of copying and dividing entire cells The cell grows, prepares for division, and then divides to form new daughter cells.
Mitosis & Meiosis SC.912.L.16.17 Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis and relate to the processes of sexual and asexual reproduction and their consequences for genetic variation. 1. Students will describe
Biology I Level - 2nd Semester Final Review
Biology I Level - 2nd Semester Final Review The 2 nd Semester Final encompasses all material that was discussed during second semester. It s important that you review ALL notes and worksheets from the
Computational Biology: Basics & Interesting Problems
Computational Biology: Basics & Interesting Problems Summary Sources of information Biological concepts: structure & terminology Sequencing Gene finding Protein structure prediction Sources of information
Multiple Choice Review- Eukaryotic Gene Expression
Multiple Choice Review- Eukaryotic Gene Expression 1. Which of the following is the Central Dogma of cell biology? a. DNA Nucleic Acid Protein Amino Acid b. Prokaryote Bacteria - Eukaryote c. Atom Molecule
Designer Genes C Test
Northern Regional: January 19 th, 2019 Designer Genes C Test Name(s): Team Name: School Name: Team Number: Rank: Score: Directions: You will have 50 minutes to complete the test. You may not write on the
Chapter 17. From Gene to Protein. Biology Kevin Dees
Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein DNA The information molecule Sequences of bases is a code DNA organized in to chromosomes Chromosomes are organized into genes What do the genes actually say??? Reflecting
Chapters 12&13 Notes: DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis
Chapters 12&13 Notes: DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis Name Period Words to Know: nucleotides, DNA, complementary base pairing, replication, genes, proteins, mrna, rrna, trna, transcription, translation, codon,
Heredity Variation Genetics Meiosis
Genetics Warm Up Exercise: -Using your previous knowledge of genetics, determine what maternal genotype would most likely yield offspring with such characteristics. -Use the genotype that you came up with
Curriculum Map. Biology, Quarter 1 Big Ideas: From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes (BIO1.LS1)
1 Biology, Quarter 1 Big Ideas: From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes (BIO1.LS1) Focus Standards BIO1.LS1.2 Evaluate comparative models of various cell types with a focus on organic molecules
(Lys), resulting in translation of a polypeptide without the Lys amino acid. resulting in translation of a polypeptide without the Lys amino acid.
1. A change that makes a polypeptide defective has been discovered in its amino acid sequence. The normal and defective amino acid sequences are shown below. Researchers are attempting to reproduce the
Translation Part 2 of Protein Synthesis
Translation Part 2 of Protein Synthesis IN: How is transcription like making a jello mold? (be specific) What process does this diagram represent? A. Mutation B. Replication C.Transcription D.Translation
From Gene to Protein
From Gene to Protein Gene Expression Process by which DNA directs the synthesis of a protein 2 stages transcription translation All organisms One gene one protein 1. Transcription of DNA Gene Composed
GENETICS - CLUTCH CH.1 INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: HISTORY OF GENETICS The earliest use of genetics was through of plants and animals (8000-1000 B.C.) Selective breeding (artificial selection) is the process of breeding organisms
Organization of Genes Differs in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA Chapter 10 p
Organization of Genes Differs in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA Chapter 10 p.110-114 Arrangement of information in DNA----- requirements for RNA Common arrangement of protein-coding genes in prokaryotes=
Heredity Variation Genetics Meiosis
Genetics Warm Up Exercise: -Using your previous knowledge of genetics, determine what maternal genotype would most likely yield offspring with such characteristics. -Use the genotype that you came up with
Introduction to molecular biology. Mitesh Shrestha
Introduction to molecular biology Mitesh Shrestha Molecular biology: definition Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the process of replication, transcription and translation of
Cell Division: the process of copying and dividing entire cells The cell grows, prepares for division, and then divides to form new daughter cells.
Mitosis & Meiosis SC.912.L.16.17 Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis and relate to the processes of sexual and asexual reproduction and their consequences for genetic variation. 1. Students will describe
Name: Period: EOC Review Part F Outline
Name: Period: EOC Review Part F Outline Mitosis and Meiosis SC.912.L.16.17 Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis and relate to the processes of sexual and asexual reproduction and their consequences
8. Use the following terms: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, chromosome, spindle fibers, centrioles.
Midterm Exam Study Guide: 2nd Quarter Concepts Cell Division 1. The cell spends the majority of its life in INTERPHASE. This phase is divided up into the G 1, S, and G 2 phases. During this stage, the
Which of these best predicts the outcome of the changes illustrated in the diagrams?
1. The diagrams below show two different scenarios for a pair of homologous chromosomes, known as a tetrad, undergoing a change where segments of DNA switch on parts of the chromosomes. In each scenario,
UNIT 8 BIOLOGY: Meiosis and Heredity Page 148
UNIT 8 BIOLOGY: Meiosis and Heredity Page 148 CP: CHAPTER 6, Sections 1-6; CHAPTER 7, Sections 1-4; HN: CHAPTER 11, Section 1-5 Standard B-4: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the molecular
Biology Notes 2. Mitosis vs Meiosis
Biology Notes 2 Mitosis vs Meiosis Diagram Booklet Cell Cycle (bottom corner draw cell in interphase) Mitosis Meiosis l Meiosis ll Cell Cycle Interphase Cell spends the majority of its life in this phase
GCD3033:Cell Biology. Transcription
Transcription Transcription: DNA to RNA A) production of complementary strand of DNA B) RNA types C) transcription start/stop signals D) Initiation of eukaryotic gene expression E) transcription factors
The Eukaryotic Genome and Its Expression. The Eukaryotic Genome and Its Expression. A. The Eukaryotic Genome. Lecture Series 11
The Eukaryotic Genome and Its Expression Lecture Series 11 The Eukaryotic Genome and Its Expression A. The Eukaryotic Genome B. Repetitive Sequences (rem: teleomeres) C. The Structures of Protein-Coding
2015 FALL FINAL REVIEW
2015 FALL FINAL REVIEW Biomolecules & Enzymes Illustrate table and fill in parts missing 9A I can compare and contrast the structure and function of biomolecules. 9C I know the role of enzymes and how
Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Lecture Outline Overview: Variations on a Theme Living organisms are distinguished by their ability to reproduce their own kind. Offspring resemble their parents
Principles of Genetics
Principles of Genetics Snustad, D ISBN-13: 9780470903599 Table of Contents C H A P T E R 1 The Science of Genetics 1 An Invitation 2 Three Great Milestones in Genetics 2 DNA as the Genetic Material 6 Genetics
Newly made RNA is called primary transcript and is modified in three ways before leaving the nucleus:
m Eukaryotic mrna processing Newly made RNA is called primary transcript and is modified in three ways before leaving the nucleus: Cap structure a modified guanine base is added to the 5 end. Poly-A tail
#2 How do organisms grow?
#2 How do organisms grow? Why doesn t a cell keep growing larger and larger? The larger a cell becomes the more demands the cell places on its DNA. The cell also has trouble moving enough nutrients and
Biology Fall Final Review 2005/2006 Mrs. Nuño
Biology Fall Final Review 2005/2006 Mrs. Nuño Unit 1: The Nature of Science (Chapter 1) 7 characteristics of life. 7 major themes of biology, including the definitions of science terms describing those
Algorithms in Computational Biology (236522) spring 2008 Lecture #1
Algorithms in Computational Biology (236522) spring 2008 Lecture #1 Lecturer: Shlomo Moran, Taub 639, tel 4363 Office hours: 15:30-16:30/by appointment TA: Ilan Gronau, Taub 700, tel 4894 Office hours:??
Meiosis. The sexy shuffling machine. LO: Describe the events of meiosis Explain how meiosis creates uniqueness Compare & contrast mitosis & meiosis
Meiosis The sexy shuffling machine LO: Describe the events of meiosis Explain how meiosis creates uniqueness Compare & contrast mitosis & meiosis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvmb4js99ta Meiosis Intro
Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Lecture Outline Overview: Variations on a Theme Living organisms are distinguished by their ability to reproduce their own kind. Offspring resemble their parents
1. In most cases, genes code for and it is that
Name Chapter 10 Reading Guide From DNA to Protein: Gene Expression Concept 10.1 Genetics Shows That Genes Code for Proteins 1. In most cases, genes code for and it is that determine. 2. Describe what Garrod
Biology Final Review Ch pg Biology is the study of
Biology Final Review Ch. 1 1-3 pg. 17-25 1. Biology is the study of Ch.2 2-3 pg. 45-49 2. All organic compounds contain. 3. Starch is an example of which type of organic compound? 4. What monomers make
The Cell Cycle. The Basis for Heritability: Mitosis and Meiosis. Let s start with a banana.
The Basis for Heritability: Mitosis and Meiosis Ch. 11: 222-223, 227-231 Ch. 12: less emphasis on 249-50 I. Overview A. What Darwin didn t know B. Getting cells from cells II. Mitosis A. The bottom line
Unit 3 - Molecular Biology & Genetics - Review Packet
Name Date Hour Unit 3 - Molecular Biology & Genetics - Review Packet True / False Questions - Indicate True or False for the following statements. 1. Eye color, hair color and the shape of your ears can
1. Contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose. 2. Single-stranded instead of double stranded. 3. Contains uracil in place of thymine.
Protein Synthesis & Mutations RNA 1. Contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose. 2. Single-stranded instead of double stranded. 3. Contains uracil in place of thymine. RNA Contains: 1. Adenine 2.
ECOL/MCB 320 and 320H Genetics
ECOL/MCB 320 and 320H Genetics Instructors Dr. C. William Birky, Jr. Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Lecturing on Molecular genetics Transmission genetics Population and evolutionary genetics
EVOLUTION ALGEBRA. Freshman Seminar University of California, Irvine. Bernard Russo. University of California, Irvine. Winter 2015
EVOLUTION ALGEBRA Freshman Seminar University of California, Irvine Bernard Russo University of California, Irvine Winter 2015 Bernard Russo (UCI) EVOLUTION ALGEBRA 1 / 15 Understanding Genetics The study
2. Cellular and Molecular Biology
2. Cellular and Molecular Biology 2.1 Cell Structure 2.2 Transport Across Cell Membranes 2.3 Cellular Metabolism 2.4 DNA Replication 2.5 Cell Division 2.6 Biosynthesis 2.1 Cell Structure What is a cell?
Science Department-High School
Science Department-High School Course Description SUBJECT: Biology Course Title: HEREDITY Grade Level: 12 Course Number: Bio II NUMBER OF CREDITS: 1 Reference Book and online resources: Holt McDougal MICHIGAN
Almost all human cells contain 46 chromosomes, and are diploid (2n). Q: If a sperm cell has 46 chromosomes (2n) & an egg cell has 46 chromosomes
Almost all human cells contain 46 chromosomes, and are diploid (2n). Q: If a sperm cell has 46 chromosomes (2n) & an egg cell has 46 chromosomes (2n), when they combine during fertilization, how many chromosomes
6A Genes and Cell Division
genetics: the study of heredity Life Science Chapter 6 Cell Division 6A Genes and Cell Division gene: contain the cell s blueprints (the information needed to build the cell and cell products) a discrete
April 5, 2010 Biology 321
April 5, 2010 Biology 321 NOTE: Since you will have already had an introduction to both mitosis and meiosis in Biol 204 & 205, this lecture is structured as a review. See the text for a more thorough discussion
Lesson Overview 11.4 Meiosis
Lesson Overview 11.4 Meiosis THINK ABOUT IT As geneticists in the early 1900s applied Mendel s laws, they wondered where genes might be located. They expected genes to be carried on structures inside the
Meiosis and Mendel. Chapter 6
Meiosis and Mendel Chapter 6 6.1 CHROMOSOMES AND MEIOSIS Key Concept Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have. Body Cells vs. Gametes You have body cells and gametes body cells
Outline for today s lecture (Ch. 13)
Outline for today s lecture (Ch. 13) Sexual and asexual life cycles Meiosis Origins of Genetic Variation Independent assortment Crossing over ( recombination ) Heredity Transmission of traits between generations
GSBHSRSBRSRRk IZTI/^Q. LlML. I Iv^O IV I I I FROM GENES TO GENOMES ^^^H*" ^^^^J*^ ill! BQPIP. illt. goidbkc. itip31. li4»twlil FIFTH EDITION
FIFTH EDITION IV I ^HHk ^ttm IZTI/^Q i I II MPHBBMWBBIHB '-llwmpbi^hbwm^^pfc ' GSBHSRSBRSRRk LlML I I \l 1MB ^HP'^^MMMP" jflp^^^^^^^^st I Iv^O FROM GENES TO GENOMES %^MiM^PM^^MWi99Mi$9i0^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^V^^^fii^^t^i^^^^^
STUDY UNIT 1 MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS. Klug, Cummings & Spencer Chapter 2. Morphology of eukaryotic metaphase chromosomes. Chromatids
STUDY UNIT 1 MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS Klug, Cummings & Spencer Chapter 2 Life depends on cell division and reproduction of organisms. Process involves transfer of genetic material. New somatic (body) cells
Biology EOC Review Study Questions
Biology EOC Review Study Questions Microscopes and Characteristics of Life 1. How do you calculate total magnification on a compound light microscope? 2. What is the basic building block of all living
BIOLOGY STANDARDS BASED RUBRIC
BIOLOGY STANDARDS BASED RUBRIC STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND THAT THE FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES OF ALL LIVING THINGS DEPEND ON A VARIETY OF SPECIALIZED CELL STRUCTURES AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES. First Semester Benchmarks:
The Complete Set Of Genetic Instructions In An Organism's Chromosomes Is Called The
The Complete Set Of Genetic Instructions In An Organism's Chromosomes Is Called The What is a genome? A genome is an organism's complete set of genetic instructions. Single strands of DNA are coiled up
APRIL 2, 2012 Biology 321
APRIL 2, 2012 Biology 321 NOTE: Since you will have already had an introduction to both mitosis and meiosis in Biol 204 & 205, this lecture is structured as a review. See the text for a more thorough discussion
Bio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2007
Bio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2007 B.D. Mishler, Dept. of Integrative Biology 2-6810, bmishler@berkeley.edu Evolution lecture #5 -- Molecular genetics and molecular evolution
Study Guide: Fall Final Exam H O N O R S B I O L O G Y : U N I T S 1-5
Study Guide: Fall Final Exam H O N O R S B I O L O G Y : U N I T S 1-5 Directions: The list below identifies topics, terms, and concepts that will be addressed on your Fall Final Exam. This list should
Biology 2018 Final Review. Miller and Levine
Biology 2018 Final Review Miller and Levine bones blood cells elements All living things are made up of. cells If a cell of an organism contains a nucleus, the organism is a(n). eukaryote prokaryote plant
Chromosome Chr Duplica Duplic t a ion Pixley
Chromosome Duplication Pixley Figure 4-6 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008) Figure 4-72 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008) Interphase During mitosis (cell division),
Cell Division: the process of copying and dividing entire cells The cell grows, prepares for division, and then divides to form new daughter cells.
Mitosis & Meiosis SC.912.L.16.17 Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis and relate to the processes of sexual and asexual reproduction and their consequences for genetic variation. 1. Students will describe
The history of Life on Earth reflects an unbroken chain of genetic continuity and transmission of genetic information:
9/26/05 Biology 321 Answers to optional challenge probability questions posed in 9/23/05lecture notes are included at the end of these lecture notes The history of Life on Earth reflects an unbroken chain
GREENWOOD PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT Genetics Pacing Guide FIRST NINE WEEKS Semester 1
FIRST NINE WEEKS Semester 1 1 Aug. 4 1 Introduction to Course Aug. 7 11 5 2 Aug. 14 18 5 Overarching Science Engineering Practices (SEPs) These concepts and skills should be continuously embedded during
DNA and GENETICS UNIT NOTES
DNA and GENETICS UNIT NOTES NAME: DO NOT LOSE! 1 DNA - Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid Shape is called double DNA has the information for our cells to make. DNA through transcription makes m mrna through translation
Chromosome duplication and distribution during cell division
CELL DIVISION AND HEREDITY Student Packet SUMMARY IN EUKARYOTES, HERITABLE INFORMATION IS PASSED TO THE NEXT GENERATION VIA PROCESSES THAT INCLUDE THE CELL CYCLE, MITOSIS /MEIOSIS AND FERTILIZATION Mitosis
Variation of Traits. genetic variation: the measure of the differences among individuals within a population
Genetic variability is the measure of the differences among individuals within a population. Because some traits are more suited to certain environments, creating particular niches and fits, we know that
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction. Chapter 9
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Chapter 9 9.1 Genes and Alleles Genes Sequences of DNA that encode heritable traits Alleles Slightly different forms of the same gene Each specifies a different version
Genetical jargon demystified
1/11/10 Biology 321 NOTE: Since you will have already had an introduction to both mitosis and meiosis in Biol 204 & 205, this lecture is structured as a review. See the text for a more thorough discussion
G C T G U A. template strand
A 5 w 3 3 c 5 mrna RNA polymerase T G C A G C C T G U A coding or sense st AUG?? template strand The triplet code 3 bases = 1 amino acid Punctuation: sta rt: sto p: AUGA CUU CAGUAAC AU U AA C C AUG = methionine,
Big Idea 3: Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes. Tuesday, December 27, 16
Big Idea 3: Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes. Enduring understanding 3.B: Expression of genetic information involves cellular and molecular
Name. Diversity of Life
Review Guide Semester 1 End of Course Exam in Biology Name Diversity of Life Vocabulary to know and be able to apply: Prokaryotic, eukaryotic, unicellular, multicellular, sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction,
Biology st lecture for test two/thursday
Biology 101 2 25 99 1 st lecture for test two/thursday DNA Structure and Replication We have 23 paternal chromosomes and 23 maternal chromosomes from dad and mom. The chromosomes are chosen randomly on
DNA Structure and Function
DNA Structure and Function Nucleotide Structure 1. 5-C sugar RNA ribose DNA deoxyribose 2. Nitrogenous Base N attaches to 1 C of sugar Double or single ring Four Bases Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine
Welcome to BIOL 572: Recombinant DNA techniques
Lecture 1: 1 Welcome to BIOL 572: Recombinant DNA techniques Agenda 1: Introduce yourselves Agenda 2: Course introduction Agenda 3: Some logistics for BIOL 572 Agenda 4: Q&A section Agenda 1: Introduce
Texas Biology Standards Review. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 26 A T
2.B.6. 1 Which of the following statements best describes the structure of DN? wo strands of proteins are held together by sugar molecules, nitrogen bases, and phosphate groups. B wo strands composed of
THINK ABOUT IT. Lesson Overview. Meiosis. As geneticists in the early 1900s applied Mendel s laws, they wondered where genes might be located.
Notes THINK ABOUT IT As geneticists in the early 1900s applied Mendel s laws, they wondered where genes might be located. They expected genes to be carried on structures inside the cell, but which structures?
Flow of Genetic Information
presents Flow of Genetic Information A Montagud E Navarro P Fernández de Córdoba JF Urchueguía Elements Nucleic acid DNA RNA building block structure & organization genome building block types Amino acid
The Gene The gene; Genes Genes Allele;
Gene, genetic code and regulation of the gene expression, Regulating the Metabolism, The Lac- Operon system,catabolic repression, The Trp Operon system: regulating the biosynthesis of the tryptophan. Mitesh
Name Class Date. KEY CONCEPT Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have.
Section 1: Chromosomes and Meiosis KEY CONCEPT Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have. VOCABULARY somatic cell autosome fertilization gamete sex chromosome diploid homologous
Practice Test on Cell Biology (the REAL test is on Friday the 17th) KEY LO: Describe and explain the Central Dogma. SLE: Meet NGSS.
Practice Test on Cell Biology (the REAL test is on Friday the 17th) KEY LO: Describe and explain the Central Dogma. SLE: Meet NGSS. On the real test, you will be given this chart of the genetic code (from
Name: Test date: Per:
Name: Test date: Per: Cell Cycle/Protein Synthesis Unit 1 Study Guide Always remember to use your notes/lectures first, then book, then other sources to help you find the right answers. Be as thorough
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Note-taking Workbook Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Section: Reproduction ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Key Idea: An individual formed by asexual reproduction is to its parent. Additional notes about Asexual Reproduction:
LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 5 & 6 FLASHCARDS
LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 5 & 6 FLASHCARDS Why were ratios important in Mendel s work? A. They showed that heredity does not follow a set pattern. B. They showed that some traits are never passed on. C. They
Objectives. Announcements. Comparison of mitosis and meiosis
Announcements Colloquium sessions for which you can get credit posted on web site: Feb 20, 27 Mar 6, 13, 20 Apr 17, 24 May 15. Review study CD that came with text for lab this week (especially mitosis
1. The diagram below shows two processes (A and B) involved in sexual reproduction in plants and animals.
1. The diagram below shows two processes (A and B) involved in sexual reproduction in plants and animals. Which statement best explains how these processes often produce offspring that have traits not
MCB142/ICB163 Overview. Instructors:
MCB142/ICB163 Overview Instructors: Professor Sharon Amacher Professor Abby Dernburg Professor Monty Slatkin GSIs: Kristin Camfield Nat Hallihan Hana Lee Christine Preston Richard Price Kate Smallenburg
Mile-stones leading to the concept of nature of the gene: 1. The discovery of discrete units of inheritance in 1860s. - Mendel s pea experiments(
Homework IV. Bioenergetics 1. Calculate the G for ATP hydrolysis in a cell in which the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio had climbed to 100:1 while the P i concentration remained at10 mm. How does this compare to the
THE WORK OF GREGOR MENDEL
GENETICS NOTES THE WORK OF GREGOR MENDEL Genetics-. - Austrian monk- the father of genetics- carried out his work on. Pea flowers are naturally, which means that sperm cells fertilize the egg cells in
The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
The Cell Cycle and Cell Division «The cell cycle is a regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division. The cell cycle has four main stages. «The main stages of the cell cycle are G1 (gap
Proteomics. 2 nd semester, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology and Artificial Bioengineering
Proteomics 2 nd semester, 2013 1 Text book Principles of Proteomics by R. M. Twyman, BIOS Scientific Publications Other Reference books 1) Proteomics by C. David O Connor and B. David Hames, Scion Publishing
Topic 1 - The building blocks of. cells! Name:!
B2 - Revision Topic 1 - The building blocks of Lesson cells Name: Topic B2.1 Plant and Animal Cells B2.2 Inside Bacteria B2.3 DNA B2.4 Extracting DNA: PCA B2.5 DNA Discovery B2.6 Genetic Engineering B2.7