UNIT 8 BIOLOGY: Meiosis and Heredity Page 148

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1 UNIT 8 BIOLOGY: Meiosis and Heredity Page 148 CP: CHAPTER 6, Sections 1-6; CHAPTER 7, Sections 1-4; HN: CHAPTER 11, Section 1-5 Standard B-4: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the molecular basis of heredity. Indicators: B-4.5 B-4.6 B-4.7 B-4.8 Summarize the characteristics of the phases of meiosis I and II. Predict inherited traits by using the principles of Mendelian genetics (including segregation, independent assortment, and dominance). Summarize the chromosome theory of inheritance and relate that theory of Gregor Mendel s principles of genetics. Compare the consequences of mutations in body cells with those in gametes. Vocabulary: Meiosis Crossing Over Homologous Chromosomes Haploid Genetics Trait Autosome Sex Chromosome Independent Assortment Diploid Allele Segregation Mutagen Homozygous Heterozygous Genotype Phenotype Dominant Recessive Genetic Linkage Codominance Polygenic Trait Pedigree Carrier Incomplete Dominance Genetic linkage Homologous chromosomes Genetics allele Independent Ass. Segregation Meiosis Crossing Over Homozygous Heterozygous

2 recessive dominant Trait Polygenic Trait Sex Chromosome Autosome Genotype Phenotype Incomplete dominance Codominance Diploid Haploid carrier pedigree mutagen Page 149

3 CP UNIT 8 BIOLOGY: Meiosis and Heredity Page 148 CP: CHAPTER 6, Sections 1-6; CHAPTER 7, Sections 1-4; HN: CHAPTER 11, Section 1-5 Standard B-4: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the molecular basis of heredity. Indicators: B-4.5 B-4.6 B-4.7 B-4.8 Summarize the characteristics of the phases of meiosis I and II. Predict inherited traits by using the principles of Mendelian genetics (including segregation, independent assortment, and dominance). Summarize the chromosome theory of inheritance and relate that theory of Gregor Mendel s principles of genetics. Compare the consequences of mutations in body cells with those in gametes. Vocabulary: Meiosis Crossing Over Homologous Chromosomes Haploid Genetics Trait Autosome Sex Chromosome Independent Assortment Diploid Allele Segregation Mutagen Homozygous Heterozygous Genotype Phenotype Dominant Recessive Genetic Linkage Codominance Polygenic Trait Pedigree Carrier Incomplete Dominance Tendency for genes located close together on the same chromosome to be inherited together Chromosomes that have the same length, appearance, and copies of genes, although the alleles may differ Study of heredity patterns and variation of organisms Any of the alternative forms of a gene that occurs at a specific place on a chromosome Mendel s second law, stating that allele pairs separate from one another during gamete formation Mendel s first law, stating that organisms inherit two copies of genes, one from each parent, and organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes because the genes separate during gamete formation Form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells; important in forming gametes for sexual reproduction Exchange of chromosome segments between during Meiosis 1. Characteristic of having two of the same allele at the same locus of sister chromatids Characteristic of having two different alleles that appear at the same locus of sister chromatids

4 Allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present in an organism s Allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present in an organism s Characteristic that is inherited Trait that is produced by two or more genes Chromosome that directly controls the development of sexual characteristics Chromosome that contains genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of the organism Collection of all of an organism s genetic information that codes for a trait Collection of all of an organism s physical characteristics Heterozygous phenotype that is a blend of the two homozygous phenotype Heterozygous that equally expresses the traits of both alleles Cell that has two copies of each chromosome, one from an egg and one from a sperm Cell that has only one copy of each chromosome Organism whose genome contains a gene for a certain trait or disease that is not expressed in the organism s phenotype Chart of the phenotypes and s in a family that is used to determine whether an individual is a carrier of a recessive allele Agent that can induce or increase the frequency of mutation in an organism Page 149

5 HONORS UNIT 8 BIOLOGY: Meiosis and Heredity Page 148 CP: CHAPTER 6, Sections 1-6; CHAPTER 7, Sections 1-4; HN: CHAPTER 11, Section 1-5 Standard B-4: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the molecular basis of heredity. Indicators: B-4.5 B-4.6 B-4.7 B-4.8 Summarize the characteristics of the phases of meiosis I and II. Predict inherited traits by using the principles of Mendelian genetics (including segregation, independent assortment, and dominance). Summarize the chromosome theory of inheritance and relate that theory of Gregor Mendel s principles of genetics. Compare the consequences of mutations in body cells with those in gametes. Vocabulary: Meiosis Crossing Over Homologous (Chromosomes) Haploid Genetics Trait Autosome Segregation Sex Chromosome Independent Assortment Diploid Allele Mutagen*** Homozygous Heterozygous Genotype Phenotype Dominant*** Recessive*** Genetic Incomplete Codominance Polygenic Trait Pedigree Carrier Linkage*** Dominance Genetic linkage Tendency for genes located close together on the same chromosome to be inherited together Term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent Scientific study of heredity One of a number of different forms of a gene Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes Separation of alleles during gamete formation Process by which the number of chromosome per cell is cut in half through the separation of in a diploid cell Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait Process in which exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis Term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait

6 Dominant Allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present in an organism s Allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present in an organism s Recessive Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another Trait controlled by two or more genes One of two chromosomes that determine an individual s sex; females have two X chromosome; males have one X chromosome and one Y. Genetic makeup of an organism Autosome chromosome; chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (and does not contain genes determining gender of individual) Physical characteristics of an organism Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another Situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism Term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes Carrier Organism whose genome contains a gene for a certain trait or disease that is not expressed in the organism s phenotype Chart that shows the relationship within a family Mutagen Agent that can induce or increase the frequency of mutation in an organism Page 149