Proteomics. 2 nd semester, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology and Artificial Bioengineering
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1 Proteomics 2 nd semester,
2 Text book Principles of Proteomics by R. M. Twyman, BIOS Scientific Publications Other Reference books 1) Proteomics by C. David O Connor and B. David Hames, Scion Publishing 2) Introduction to Proteomics: Tools for the new biology by D. C. Liebler, Humana Press 2
3 Our goals of the course Basic concepts and scientific questions of proteomics Understanding of techniques used in proteomics Acquisition of skills to analyze protein structures based on patterns 3
4 Proteomics Chapter 1. from genomics to proteomics Ⅰ 4
5 Central Dogma Protein Biological functions Life 5
6 DNA A G A - T G - C RNA A C T U C U T G 2007 Art E. Cho 6
7 Regions of DNA sequence A given DNA sequence contains coding, non-coding regions. An exon is a region in DNA sequence which is transcribed to final mrna. Intron is the non-coding region Art E. Cho 7
8 RNA splicing These are all codons 2007 Art E. Cho 8
9 Protein 2007 Art E. Cho 9
10 What is Proteomics? Rapidly growing area of molecular biology that is concerned with the systematic, large-scale analysis of proteins (cf. proteins are building blocks of life) Based on the concept of proteome as complete set of proteins produced by a given cell or organism under a defined set of conditions The analysis of these various properties of the proteome requires an equally diverse range of technologies 10
11 The birth of large-scale biology (1) The overall goal of molecular biology? -To determine the functions of genes and their products, allowing them to be linked into pathways and networks, and ultimately providing a detailed understanding of how biological systems work Research approaches? -Reductionism : main concept until early 1990s -Large-scale biology : initiated by factory-style automated DNA sequencing since 1990s 11
12 The birth of large-scale biology (2) Massive explosion of sequencing data!! 12
13 The birth of large-scale biology (3) Large-scale sequencing projects => genomics era Concept -Biological systems, while large and very complex, were ultimately finite -It might be possible to study biological systems in a holistic manner simply by cataloging and enumerating the components if sufficient amounts of data could be collected and analyzed from the biological systems 13
14 Large-scale biology Forward genetics : phenotype to gene => Reverse genetics : gene to function or its product Hypothesis-driven research => Discovery-driven research Traditional biology (based on reductionism for individual function) => Modern biology (based on large scale biological data), so called system biology, but the technology for studying the functions in large-scale lagged 14
15 The genome, transcriptome and proteome (1) Traditional Gene mrna Protein + Post-transcriptional modification + Post-translational modification Modern Genome Transcriptome Proteome -Static information resource -Interaction and cooperation -Complex and dynamic network 15
16 The genome, transcriptome and proteome (2) one example of proteome analysis 1,458 yeast proteins (circles) and their 1,948 interactions (lines). Removing proteins has different effects on the yeast: lethal (red); nonlethal (green); slowed growth (orange); unknown (yellow). 16
17 Genomics and other -omics Genomics is the study of genomes. Genome = gene + chromosome (Hans Winkler, 1920) Since the introduction of genomics, several other omics have been formed as new fields of study - Functional genomics: - Transcriptomics - Proteomics - Etc. 17
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