Procesamiento Post-transcripcional en eucariotas. Biología Molecular 2009

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1 Procesamiento Post-transcripcional en eucariotas Biología Molecular 2009

2 Figure 6-21 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

3 Figure 6-22a Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

4 R. Maki et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:2138, 1980

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6 Figure 6-23 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

7 Figure 6-24 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008) Figure 6-22b Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

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9 Figure 6-23 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

10 Figure 6-25 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

11 Figure 6-26a Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008) Figure 6-26b Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

12 Figure 6-25 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

13 Figure 6-27 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

14 Alternative splicing increases the genetic diversity without increasing the number of genes (estimates that the equivalent number of genes is increased 3 4 fold) Calcium metabolism Taste sensation Basic Medical Biochemistry Fig p231

15 Figure 6-28 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

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17 Figure 6-29 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

18 Figure 6-29 (part 1 of 2) Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

19 Figure 6-29 (part 2 of 2) Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

20 Figure 6-30 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

21 Figure 6-31 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

22 Figure 6-32a Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008) Figure 6-32b Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

23 Figure 6-33 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

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25 Figure 6-34a Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

26 Figure 6-34b Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

27 Figure 6-35 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

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30 Figure 6-36 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

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33 Figure 6-34a Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

34 Figure 6-34a Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

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37 Figure 6-37 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

38 Figure 6-38 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

39 Figure 6-38 (part 1 of 3) Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

40 Figure 6-38 (part 2 of 3) Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

41 Figure 6-38 (part 3 of 3) Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

42 Figure 6-39 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

43 Figure 6-40 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

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45 Figure 6-42 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008) Figure 6-43 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

46 Figure General structure of eukaryotic pre-rrna transcription units. The three coding regions (blue) encode the 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rrnas found in ribosomes of higher eukaryotes or their equivalents in other species. The order of these coding regions in the genome is always 5 3. Variations in the lengths of the transcribed spacer regions (tan) account for the major difference in the lengths of pre-rrna transcription units in different organisms.

47 Figure Processing of tyrosine pre-trna involves four types of changes. A 14-nucleotide intron (blue) in the anticodon loop is removed by splicing. A 16-nucleotide sequence (green) at the 5 end is cleaved by RNase P. U residues at the 3 end are replaced by the CCA sequence (red) found in all mature trnas. Numerous bases in the stem-loops are converted to characteristic modified bases (yellow). Not all pre-trnas contain introns that are spliced out during processing, but they all undergo the other types of changes shown here. D=dihydrouridine; Y=pseudouridine.

48 Figure Mechanism of splicing in pre-trna. First, the pre-trna is cleaved at two places, on each side of the intron, thereby excising the intron. The cleavage mechanism generates a 2,3 -cyclic phosphomonoester at the 3 end of the 5 exon. The multistep reaction joining the two exons requires two nucleoside triphosphates: a GTP, which contributes the phosphate group (yellow) for the 3 5 linkage in the finished trna molecule; and an ATP, which forms an activated ligase-amp intermediate. The 2 -phosphate on the 5 exon is removed in the final step. [See E. M. Phizicky and C. L. Greer, 1993, Trends Biochem. Sci. 18:31.]

49 Edición (Editing) Edición por substitución: citidin deaminasas convierten C en U. adenosin deaminasas convierten A en I. Edición por inserción/deleción: ARN guía (guide RNA) con función de molde (template) para la adición o deleción de nucleotidos en el blanco (target).

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53 RNA editing mechanism pre-mrna uuuu poly-u tail grna

54 Capping Cis Splicing Splicing alternativo Trans Splicing poliadenilación Editing Transporte

Newly made RNA is called primary transcript and is modified in three ways before leaving the nucleus:

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