Unit 5: Cell Division and Development Guided Reading Questions (45 pts total)

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1 Name: AP Biology Biology, Campbell and Reece, 7th Edition Adapted from chapter reading guides originally created by Lynn Miriello Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Unit 5: Cell Division and Development Guided Reading Questions (45 pts total) 1. Compare and contrast the role of cell division in unicellular and multicellular organisms. 2. Define the following terms: a. Genome - b. Chromosomes - c. Somatic cells - d. Gametes - e. Chromatin - f. Sister chromatids - g. Centromere - h. Mitosis - i. Cytokinesis - Page 1 of 13

2 3. List the activities of the cell cycle: a. Mitotic phase - b. Interphase - c. G1 phase - d. G2 phase - e. S phase - 4. Define the following terms: a. Mitotic spindle - b. Centrosome - c. Microtubule organizing center - d. Aster - e. Kinetochore - Page 2 of 13

3 5. Label the diagram: 6. Completely label the diagrams below: 7. Describe the experiment concerning the movement of microtubules during mitosis and its results. 8. Contrast cytokinesis in plant and animal cells. Page 3 of 13

4 9. Define binary fission and label the diagram below: Discuss the hypothetical evolution of mitosis. 11. What is the cell cycle control system and how do checkpoints play into this? 12. What is a cyclin and what does it activate? Page 4 of 13

5 13. What are cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks)? 14. What does MPF stand for and what does it promote? 15. Label the diagram below illustrating the molecular control of the cell cycle: Page 5 of 13

6 16. What is a growth factor? Give an example. 17. What is density-dependent inhibition? 18. What is anchorage dependence? 19. Define the following terms: a. Transformation b. Benign tumor c. Malignant tumor d. Metastasis AP Biology Exam Checkpoint: 20. Which of the sections of the cell cycle diagram below encompasses all of the events of interphase? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E Page 6 of 13

7 Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 1. Compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction. 2. Define the following terms: a. Life cycle - b. Somatic cell - c. Karyotype - d. Homologous chromosomes - e. Sex chromosomes - f. Autosomes - g. Diploid cell - h. Haploid cell - i. Fertilization - j. Zygote - k. Meiosis - 3. Describe the three different types of life cycles. Page 7 of 13

8 4. What exactly is meant by alternation of generations? 5. Label and provide a description of the diagram below outlining an overview of meiosis. Description: 6. What are the two broad functions of meiosis? Page 8 of 13

9 7. Label the following diagrams of meiosis. 8. Summarize the comparison of mitosis and meiosis. 9. Describe in detail the three sources of genetic variation in meiosis. a. b. c. AP Biology Exam Checkpoint: 10. During chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell. A. anaphase I B. prophase I C. metaphase I D. metaphase II Page 9 of 13

10 Chapter 21 The Genetic Basis of Development 1. Give a rationale for the use of the following organisms as models for developmental biology research. a. Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) - b. Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode) - c. Mus musculus (mouse) - d. Danio rerio (zebrafish) - e. Arabidopsis thaliana (common wall cress) - 2. Label the diagram below to distinguish between the patterns of morphogenesis in plants and in animals. 3. What changes occur to the genome during differentiation? Page 10 of 13

11 4. Label the diagram below of the process by which the ewe Dolly was cloned. 5. Briefly describe the important characteristics of stem cells that set them apart from other cells. 6. Explain the significance of stem cells to medicine. Page 11 of 13

12 7. Distinguish between determination and differentiation. 8. Explain why determination precedes differentiation. 9. A single embryonic stem cell cannot develop into an embryo. Why not? 10. Label the diagrams below of the two sources of developmental information for the early embryo. Page 12 of 13

13 11. What are the two sources of information that instruct a cell to express genes at the appropriate time? 12. How do homeotic genes define the anatomical identity of the segments of a developing organism? 13. How does apoptosis function in normal and abnormal development? 14. The DNA sequences of homeoboxes, which help homeotic genes in animals direct development, are common to flies and mice. Given this similarity, explain why these animals are so different. AP Biology Exam Checkpoint: 15. Which of the following processes is most directly responsible for the lack of webbing between the fingers of most humans? A. induction B. apoptosis C. cell division D. pattern formation Page 13 of 13