UNITY AND DIVERSITY. Why do we classify things? Organizing the world of organsims. The Tree of Life

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1 Classification Why do we classify things? Classification provides scientists and students a way to sort and group organisms for easier study. There are millions of organisms on earth! Organisms are classified by their: (how they look) UNITY AND DIVERSITY Organizing the world of organsims The Tree of Life how they are built how they live organize them into groups of

2 In one classification system, there are 2 main groups. In others, there are 3. In the one used by most of the world s scientists, there are 6 main groups. All living things are placed in one of the six which are the most general group (sort of). They are then broken down into smaller groups, then smaller groups, then smaller and so on until there is just one is the most specific group Classification of Animal Classification Here is another way of looking at it Organizing systems Making sense out of the differences That s my idea baby! Carolus Linnaeus Eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis

3 K P C O F G s Can you make a sentence using the first letter of each classification subgroup? the branch of science that classifies and names living things a system for naming things In biology there is a two-word system that is used to name organisms. It is called devised this in the 1700 s (18 th century) using the last two subgroups for the specific species name: GENUS ( _ ) GOLDBERG GOLDBERG GOLDBERG SPECIES ( _ ) JASON BILL WHOOPI Humans are known as genus species The Five s Classification Organisms are grouped among these six kingdoms by: the presence or absence of a nuclear membrane Prokaryotes _ Eukaryotes Eukaryote Prokaryote unicellular ( ) or multicellular ( ) : (heterotrophic or autotrophic)

4 Archaebacteria Protist KINGDOMS BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA most of these organisms are unicellular (some can exist as multicellular clusters) Fungi Plant Animal Both Good & Bad pathogens beneficial & necessary help in digestion help plants grow make foods live EVERYWHERE On plants & animals In plants & animals In the soil In the extreme cold In the extreme hot On the living On the dead

5 Protists Simple Eukaryotes KINGDOM PROTISTA predominantly unicellular Archaebacteria Eukaryotes Common ancestor KINGDOM PROTISTA two main phyla A. Protozoa animal-like nutrition (heterotrophic) B. Algae plant like nutrition (autotrophic) Fungi Eukaryotes Archaebacteria Eukaryotes Common ancestor

6 KINGDOM FUNGI absorbs food from its environment (heterotrophic), does NOT ingest it! organized into branched (usually multicellular) filaments Importance of fungi to humans food production bread beer, wine medicine production antibiotics Plants Multicellular Photosynthetic Eukaryotes Archaea Eukarya KINGDOM PLANTS all are multicellular all are (autotrophic) photo = synthesis = Common ancestor

7 Plant Diversity Mosses no water transport system (pipes) Ferns water transport, no seeds Conifers pollen & seeds Flowering plants flowers & fruit Animals Complex Multicellular Heterotrophic Eukaryotes seed plants Archaea Eukarya water transport system colonization of land Common ancestor KINGDOM ANIMALS largest grouping of organisms all are multicellular all ingest food ( ) Animal Evolution sponges jellyfish flatworms roundworms mollusks segmented worms segmented body insects spiders starfish vertebrates internal skeleton separate digestive system left-right symmetry tissues many-celled Ancestral Protist

8 A) Coelenterates hydra jellyfish B) Annelids 1. earthworm sandworm leeches fan worm leech C) Arthropods grasshopper lobster spiders insects Arthropod groups arachnids 8 legs, 2 body parts spiders, ticks, scorpions crustaceans gills, 2 pairs antennae crab, lobster, barnacles, shrmp insects 6 legs, 3 body parts

9 D) Chordates humans frogs sharks cats becomes gills or Eustachian tube becomes brain & spinal cord That s the buzz Any Questions? becomes tail or tailbone becomes vertebrae There are many CLASSES in the chordate PHYLUM! ex. fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals