Classification. Classifying Organisms. * Organisms are divided into 3 domains and 6 kingdoms based on the following characteristics
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1 Classification Classifying Organisms * Organisms are divided into 3 domains and 6 kingdoms based on the following characteristics Cell Type: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Prokaryotic - No nucleus Eukaryotic - nucleus Cell Structure: Cell wall & Organelles Cell wall give structure & support
2 Classification Classifying Organisms * Organisms are divided into 3 domains and 6 kingdoms based on the following characteristics Number of cells: Unicellular vs. Multicellular Unicellular - 1 cell Multicellular - more than 1 cell Nutrition: Autotrophic vs. Heterotrophic Autotrophic - makes their own food Heterotrophic - must consume food Reproduction: Asexual vs. Sexual
3 D O M A I N S K I N G D O M S
4 Archaebacteria Domain - Archaea Kingdom - Archaebacteria * Prokaryotic cells * Cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan * Unicellular * Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic * Live in extreme environments Examples: Thermophiles - extreme temperatures Halophiles - extreme salinity Methanogens live in methane gas
5 Bacteria Domain - Bacteria Kingdom - Eubacteria * Prokaryotic cells * Cell walls contain peptidoglycan * Unicellular * Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic * Asexual Reproduction Examples: Streptococcus Escherichia coli * Bacteria can be further classified by shape Coccus (cocci): round Bacillus (bacilli): rod-like Spirillus (spirilli): spiral
6 Bacteria * Bacteria can be helpful - Help to produce food products: yogurt, pickles - Decomposers - recycle nutrients in the environment - Help organisms digest food - Transgenic bacteria can produce medicines * Bacteria can be harmful - Pathogens: agents that cause disease - Can be treated with an antibiotic Examples: strep throat, pneumonia, tuberculosis
7 Protists Domain - Eukarya Kingdom - Protista * Eukaryotic cells * (some) Cell walls contain cellulose * Unicellular and multicellular * Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic * Mostly asexual reproduction Examples: Paramecium, euglena, algae
8 Protist Movement * Flagella - whiplike projection * Cilia - hairlike projections * Pseudopod - false foot formed when cytoplasm moves into a projection of the cell membrane * Protists can be helpful - Help to produce food products: ice cream, gels - Algae produce the majority of oxygen on our planet * Protists can be harmful - Pathogens: agents that cause disease Examples: malaria, ameobic dysentary
9 Protist effect on equilibrium * These are beneficial, but can be harmful when the microorganisms disrupt the ecosystem equilibrium *Example: If something were to happen to green algae, the decrease in population size would severely affect the rest of the ecosystem that is dependent on algae (pretty much everything)
10 Fungi Domain - Eukarya Kingdom - Fungi * Eukaryotic cells * Cell walls contain chitin * Unicellular and multicellular * Heterotropic decomposers - externally digest dead matter * Asexual and Sexual reproduction Examples: Yeast, bread mold, mushrooms * Fungi can be helpful - Decomposers - recycle nutrients - Live on plant roots and help plants absorb nutrients - Food products - mushrooms, bread, wine, soy sauce - Used to produce antibiotics; penicillin * Fungi can be harmful - Pathogens: agents that cause disease Examples: athletes foot, ringworm - Spoil food
11 Fungi Domain - Eukarya Kingdom Fungi * Fungi can disrupt the ecosystem equilibrium The Great Famine of Ireland (1800 s) -Potato Blight -Fungus that infected potatoes -Caused humans to starve as a result, resulted in a mass immigration from Ireland
12 Plants Domain - Eukarya Kingdom - Plantae * Eukaryotic cells * Cell walls contain cellulose * Multicellular * Autotrophic * Asexual and Sexual reproduction Examples: Corn, ferns, pine trees
13 Animals Domain - Eukarya Kingdom - Animalia * Eukaryotic cells * No cell wall * Multicellular * Heterotrophic * (Mostly) sexual reproduction Examples: bees, turtles, fish, elephants
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