Biology Study Guide. VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW (+5 for making flashcards)

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1 NAME: Biology Study Guide VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW (+5 for making flashcards) asexual reproduction autotroph binary fission binomial nomenclature carnivore cell cilia classification conjugation decomposer endospore eukaryote flagella/um genus herbivore heterotroph hyphae microscope multicellular nucleus omnivore organism prokaryote pseudopod sexual reproduction species spore taxonomy unicellular You don t have to make flashcards for these but you should know: domains (what are the 3 domains and their characteristics) Domain Archae Domain Bacteria Domain Eukarya (for the kingdoms know their characteristics) kingdom animal kingdom archaeabacteria kingdom eubacteria kingdom fungi kingdom plant kingdom protist BIOLOGY TEST IS WEDNESDAY, 3/12 REVIEW SESSIONS Monday, 3/10 Tuesday, 3/11 No morning session 7:45-8:23 Helm 3:30-4:15 Simpson 3:30-4:15 Pickett/Tucker Flashcards are due WEDNESDAY, 3/12 Study Guide due MONDAY, 3/10

2 Fill in the correct characteristics of each kingdom in the table below. More than one answer may fit in each kingdom. Kingdom Prokaryote or Eukaryote Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Unicellular or Multicellular Archaebacteria Prokaryote BOTH Only uni Eubacteria Other characteristics Live in harsh conditions and chem diff from eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals Building Vocabulary Write a definition for each of the following terms in the spaces provided. You can use your own words OR use the textbook. Taxonomy Binomial nomenclature Write the levels of classification in order: class, domain, family, genus, kingdom, order, phylum, species You have unidentified organism that is a heterotrophic eukaryote. What kingdoms could it belong to?

3 A New Phylum In 1995, scientists discovered a new species of organism, which they named Symbion pandora. It is not unusual for new species to be identified. However, the discovery of S. pandora drew attention from around the world because this strange animal did not seem to belong to any of the phyla into which scientists classify organisms. As a result, a new phylum called Cycliophora has been proposed for S. pandora. So far, S. pandora would be the only species belonging to this phylum. (Contrast this with the phylum Chordata, which includes all species of reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals.) S. pandora was discovered living on bristles that surround the mouths of Norway lobsters. It has a very complex life cycle with several different stages. During one stage of the life cycle, the female stays attached to the lobster s bristles, and is about 0.35 mm in length. This stage is shown in the figure below. A tiny male clings to this female. There are also stages in the life cycle of S. pandora when the organism swims freely and does not feed. Answer the following questions. 1. S. pandora is a member of the animal kingdom. What are three things that you can conclude about S. pandora from this statement? _ 2. Why do you think S. pandora was not discovered until recently? _ 3. What are three things that you think scientists examined when determining how S. pandora should be classified? _ 4. How do you think S. pandora gets food? _

4 Bacteria- Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions. 1. How are bacterial cells different from the cells of other types of organisms? 2. List at least 2 ways that bacteria are helpful to people. 3. Describe how bacteria obtain energy. 4. Describe what eubacteria does is certain conditions and how does this help them survive. 5. Describe the environments that Archaebacteria live in. Building Vocabulary Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition on the line beside the term. 6. Cytoplasm 7. Endospore 8. Binary fission 9. Decomposer 10. Flagellum 11. Conjugation a. process in which one bacterium divides to form two identical bacteria cells b. a small, thick-walled resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell c. the region inside the cell membrane d. organism that breaks down the large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals e. process in which one bacterium transfers genetic material into another bacterial cell f. whip-like structure that helps a cell to move

5 Identifying Bacteria About 5,000 different kinds of bacteria inhabit Earth. Each kind can be distinguished by its characteristics. In addition to shape, these characteristics include: whether it will grow in water hotter than 45ºC; whether it will grow in very salty water; whether it will grow in the presence of air, whether it will grow without air; and whether it forms endospores. Scientists who study bacteria use these and about 15 other characteristics to identify a bacterium. The chart below shows some of the characteristics of six common bacteria. A plus (+) sign means the bacterium has the characteristic. A minus (-) sign means the bacterium does not have the characteristic. Answer the following questions. 1. What characteristic(s) do all of the bacteria listed have in common? _ 2. How could you distinguish bacterium 1 from bacterium 2? _ 3. Which bacteria might be found in hot springs (temperature greater than 45ºC)? 4. What characteristic(s) can you use to distinguish the three kinds of sphere-shaped bacteria from one another? 5. Sea water is about 3.5% salt. In some places, sea water gets trapped when the tide goes out. The heat of the sun will cause some of this water to evaporate. Which bacteria are most likely to survive in such water? Explain your answer.

6 Protists and Fungi Understanding the Main Ideas Fill in the blanks in the table below. Answer the following questions. 8. What is a fungus? 9. Does a fungus get its food the same way you do? Explain. 10. Describe what would happen if fungi did not exist. Building Vocabulary Fill in the blank to complete each sentence. 11. Another name for an animal-like protist is a(n). 12. Some animal-like protest have, a fake-foot that allows them to move and capture food. 13. Some animal-like protists have, hair-like projections for moving and capturing food. 14. are of the branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi.

7 Plant and Animal Plant Cells Sketch a PLANT cell and label it s cytoplasm (A), cell membrane (B), nucleus (C), mitochondria (D), vacuole (E), cell wall (F) and chloroplast (G) Animal Cells Sketch an ANIMAL cell and label its cytoplasm (A), cell membrane (B), nucleus (C), mitochondria (D) and vacuole (E) Plant and Animal Assessment Please circle the word to make the sentence correct and define that word below. 1. Plants produce their food through a process called photosynthesis/reproduction which means. 2. Animals are heterotrophs/autotrophs which means. 3. Plants are heterotrophs/autotrophs which means. 4. Plant and animal cells are prokaryotes/eukaryotes which mean they have a nucleus/cell wall that.

8 LABEL THE MICROSCOPE PARTS AND BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THEIR FUNCTION