Classification. Species of Organisms. What is Classification?

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1 Classification 1 Species of Organisms There are known species of organisms This is organisms that ever lived!!!!! are still being found and identified 2 What is Classification? is the arrangement of organisms into orderly based on their Classification is also known as are scientists that identify & name organisms 3 1

2 Benefits of Classifying names organisms Prevents such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish Uses for all names Sea horse?? 4 Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names 5 Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists 6 2

3 Carolus Linnaeus th century Classified organisms by their Developed still used today 7 Carolus Linnaeus Called the Developed the modern system of naming known as name (Genus & species) 8 Standardized Naming used Latin or Greek in print, but NOT species when writing Turdus migratorius American Robin 9 3

4 Binomial Nomenclature Which TWO are more closely related? 10 Rules for Naming Organisms The contains the rules for naming organisms All names must be approved by (International Zoological Congress) This names 11 Classification Groups ( -plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed There is a of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species 12 4

5 Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups Domain BROADEST TAXON Kingdom Phylum (Division used for plants) Class Order Family Genus Species Most Specific 13 Dumb King Phillip Came Over For Gooseberry Soup!

6 Domains, most inclusive taxon domains are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) are more complex and have a nucleus and membranebound organelles 16 ARCHAEA Kingdom - ARCHAEBACTERIA Probably the Live in environments Found in: Treatment Plants (Methanogens) or Volcanic Vents (Thermophiles) Hot Springs or Geysers that are Very (Dead Sea; Great Salt Lake) - Halophiles 17 ARCHAEAN 18 6

7 BACTERIA Kingdom - EUBACTERIA Some may cause Found in except harsh ones Important for environment important in making cottage cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc. 19 Live in the intestines of animals 20 Domain Eukarya is Divided into Kingdoms (protozoans, algae ) (mushrooms, yeasts ) (multicellular plants) (multicellular animals) 21 7

8 Some are multicellular Some are, while others are Protista 22, except yeast ( digest food outside their body & then absorb it) Cell walls made of Fungi 23 Plantae Absorb to make glucose Photosynthesis Cell walls made of 24 8

9 Multicellular (consume food & digest it inside their bodies) Feed on or Animalia Taxons Most contain a number of similar species The genus is an exception (only contains modern humans) Classification is based on 27 9

10 28 Basis for Modern Taxonomy (same structure, different function) Similar in, or sequence of Proteins 29 Homologous Structures (BONES in the FORELIMBS) shows Similarities in mammals

11 Similarities in Vertebrate Embryos 31 Cladogram Diagram showing how organisms are related based on such as feathers, hair, or scales 32 Primate Cladogram 33 11

12 Dichotomous Keying Used to identify organisms Characteristics given in and either go to another set of characteristics identify the organism 34 Example of Dichotomous Key 1a Tentacles present Go to 2 1b Tentacles absent Go to 3 2a Eight Tentacles Octopus 2b More than 8 tentacles 3 3a Tentacles hang down go to 4 3b Tentacles upright Sea Anemone 4a Balloon-shaped body Jellyfish 4b Body NOT balloon-shaped