PAP Biology Unit 4 Cellular Structure and Function

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Ethel Hodges
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1 PAP Bilgy Unit 4 Cellular Structure and Functin Unit Outline LT 1 I can label the parts f a micrscpe and describe hw t use ne crrectly in lab. I can lcate and describe the functin f the different cmpnents f a micrscpe. I can calculate the ttal magnificatin (eyepiece x bjective lens) f a micrscpe. I can use a micrscpe and accurately fcus n an bject at lw and high pwer.

I can safely handle a micrscpe. LT 2 I can explain the 3 ideas that make up Cell Thery. I can explain hw Hke and Leeuwenhek cntributed t the discvery f cells.

Leeuwenhek expanded n Hk s bservatins by grinding lens t make his wn basic micrscpe. He bserved pnd water, teeth scrapings, etc. and is the first persn t recrd bservatins f unicellular life.

2 I can safely handle a micrscpe. LT 2 I can explain the 3 ideas that make up Cell Thery. I can explain hw Hke and Leeuwenhek cntributed t the discvery f cells. Rbert Hke is the first persn t have named cells, based n his bservatin f thin slices f crk under a micrscpe in Leeuwenhek expanded n Hk s bservatins by grinding lens t make his wn basic micrscpe. He bserved pnd water, teeth scrapings, etc. and is the first persn t recrd bservatins f unicellular life. I can explain hw the wrk f Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchw cntributed t Cell Thery. Schleiden was a btanist wh bserved all types f plant tissue under a micrscpe and cncluded that all plants were made up f a basic unit f cells. This gave rise t the first part f the cell thery: the cell is the mst basic unit f life. Schwann expanded n the wrk f Schleiden by bserving bth plant and animal tissues under a micrscpe and determined that all rganisms were made up f cells and he was the first t publish this idea in a scientific jurnal. This cntributed the secnd part f the cell thery: all rganisms are made up f ne r mre cells. Virchw bserved cells underging cell divisin (mitsis) under a micrscpe. He cncluded that mre cells were made when existing cells divided, s cells nly can cme frm ther cells. This added the third part f cell thery: all cells cme frm existing cells via cell divisin. I can create a timeline f early research that cntributed t Cell Thery.

LT 3 I can cmpare and cntrast prkarytes and eukarytes. I can explain the key features f prkarytic cells and give examples f rganisms in this categry.

I can explain the key features f eukarytic cells and give examples f rganisms in this categry.

3 LT 3 I can cmpare and cntrast prkarytes and eukarytes. I can explain the key features f prkarytic cells and give examples f rganisms in this categry. Prkarytes are simple, unicellular rganisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bund rganelles. Examples f prkarytic rganisms include bacteria. I can explain the key features f eukarytic cells and give examples f rganisms in this categry. Eukarytes are cmplex cells that may be unicellular r multicellular, which have a true nucleus and specialized cmpnents called rganelles. Examples f eukarytic rganisms include plants (diagram belw), animals, fungi, and prtists.

I can identify and describe the structure and functin f each rganelle in a eukarytic cell, including: nucleus, nuclelus, nuclear membrane, cell membrane, cytplasm, cytskeletn, mitchndria, rugh and

4 I can identify and describe the structure and functin f each rganelle in a eukarytic cell, including: nucleus, nuclelus, nuclear membrane, cell membrane, cytplasm, cytskeletn, mitchndria, rugh and smth endplasmic reticulum, Glgi cmplex, vesicles, lyssme, ribsme, chlrplast (plant cells nly), cell wall (plant cells nly), central vacule (plant cells nly), and centrile (animal cells nly). Organelle Fund in Which Type f Structure/Functin Cell? Nucleus Eukarytic - All Cntains DNA; Regulates cellular functin Nuclelus Eukarytic - All Prduces ribsmes Nuclear Membrane Eukarytic - All Cntrls what enters and leaves the nucleus Cell Membrane ALL CELLS (Pr and Eu) Selectively permeable t cntrl what enters and leaves the cell Cytplasm ALL CELLS (Pr and Eu) Jelly-like fluid that fills the internal space f the cell Cytskeletn Eukarytic - All Micrfilaments and micrtubules that give the internal space f the cell structure and hld cmpnents in place Mitchndria Eukarytic - All Site f cellular respiratin inside cmplex flded membranes called the matrix; prduces ATP fr cellular energy Rugh ER Eukarytic - All Transprt system f the cell that is embedded with ribsmes Smth ER Eukarytic - All Transprt system f the cell that lacks ribsmes; prduces lipids Glgi Cmplex Eukarytic - All Packages and transprts items fr mvement ut f the cell; pinches ff t create vesicles Vesicles Eukarytic - All Temprary strage f cell prducts fr mvement int and ut f the cell Lyssme Eukarytic - All Cntains enzymes that break dwn ld cell cmpnents Ribsme ALL CELLS (Pr and Eu) Prduces prteins Chlrplast Eukarytic - Plants Only Site f phtsynthesis inside cmplex flded membranes called thylakids; cntains light-capturing pigment called chlrphyll; respnsible fr prducing chemical energy in the frm f sugar (glucse) frm light energy Cell Wall Sme Prkarytic and External t the cell membrane; rigid structure that helps maintain cell shape Sme Eukarytic and prtects cell; made f different materials depending n cell type Central Vacule Eukarytic - Plants Only Large, permanent strage space in the center regin f a plant cell fr string water and ther materials; respnsible fr helping cell maintain structure Centrile Eukarytic - Animals Only Respnsible fr separating chrmsmes during cell divisin in animal cells I can cmpare and cntrast the cmpnents f plant and animal cells. See abve chart. LT 4 I can describe the structure and functin f the cell membrane. I can create a labeled diagram f the cell membrane as described by the fluid msaic mdel, including: the phsphlipid bilayer, embedded prteins/prtein channels, chlesterl, and carbhydrate chains.

I can explain the key parts f a phsphlipid mlecule that makes up the phsphlipid bilayer, including: hydrphilic head, hydrphbic tail, and rientatin tward each ther due t

The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means sme mlecules can mve freely acrss the membrane, sme mlecules are blcked, and sme mlecules require energy frm the

These prcesses are a result f the structure f the membrane and the balance f these mvements are in keeping with hmestasis t maintain slute balance within the cell.

Carbhydrate chains signal fr certain lcatins n the utside f the cell. LT 5 I can explain hw materials are transprted thrugh the cell membrane.

5 I can explain the key parts f a phsphlipid mlecule that makes up the phsphlipid bilayer, including: hydrphilic head, hydrphbic tail, and rientatin tward each ther due t plarity. I can summarize hw the structure f the cell membrane cntributes t its functin in maintaining hmestasis. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means sme mlecules can mve freely acrss the membrane, sme mlecules are blcked, and sme mlecules require energy frm the cell t mve in and ut. These prcesses are a result f the structure f the membrane and the balance f these mvements are in keeping with hmestasis t maintain slute balance within the cell. The phsphlipid bilayer allws water t mve freely acrss the membrane withut energy frm the cell. Prtein channels allw fr facilitated mvement f materials int and ut f the cell. Carbhydrate chains signal fr certain lcatins n the utside f the cell. LT 5 I can explain hw materials are transprted thrugh the cell membrane. I can explain hw the selective permeability f the cell membrane allws fr passive transprt f materials t ccur thrugh diffusin and smsis. I can explain hw materials mve in and ut f a cell due t slute cncentratin alng a cncentratin. A cncentratin gradient frms when the cncentratin f a slute is higher in ne area than anther. Mlecules f a slute will naturally mve frm an area f higher cncentratin t an area f lwer cncentratin.

I can describe slutins as hypertnic, hyptnic, and istnic, and hw these slutins will affect the mvement f water int and ut f a cell.

When a mlecule cannt pass thrugh the membrane via diffusin r smsis, due t size r plarity, then active transprt will be required.

I can cmpare and cntrast passive transprt and active transprt.

6 I can describe slutins as hypertnic, hyptnic, and istnic, and hw these slutins will affect the mvement f water int and ut f a cell. I can determine when the mvement f a material will require active transprt and can describe this prcess. When a mlecule cannt pass thrugh the membrane via diffusin r smsis, due t size r plarity, then active transprt will be required. Active transprt requires energy input frm the cell in the frm f ATP in rder fr the mlecule t mve thrugh a prtein channel r pump. I can cmpare and cntrast passive transprt and active transprt. Passive transprt is the mvement f materials int and ut f the cell which des nt require energy input frm the cell, including diffusin and smsis. Active transprt requires energy frm the cell in the frm f ATP in rder t mve certain materials int and ut f the cell.

Excytsis is the mvement f materials ut f a cell via a transprt vesicle.

7 I can cmpare and cntrast endcytsis and excytsis. Endcytsis is the mvement f materials int a cell via a transprt vesicle. Excytsis is the mvement f materials ut f a cell via a transprt vesicle. I can cmpare and cntrast phagcytsis and pincytsis. Phagcytsis is the capture and mvement f fd prducts int a cell. Pincytsis is the capture and mvement f water int a cell.

BIOLOGY SUMMARIES. All living things share biochemical reactions eg. DNA and proteins

BIOLOGY SUMMARIES. All living things share biochemical reactions eg. DNA and proteins BIOLOGY SUMMARIES LECTURE 1-Intrductin t Bilgy Evlutin There are 3 life creating theries- Panspermia-ET rigins/infectin f spres frm anther planet/star Special creatin by divine frces Evlutin-tells us Earth