Unit 8 ~ Learning Guide

Transcription

1 Unit 8 ~ Learning Guide Name: INSTRUCTIONS Cmplete the fllwing ntes and questins as yu wrk thrugh the related lessns. Yu are required t have this package cmpleted BEFORE yu write yur unit test. D yur best and ask questins abut anything that yu dn't understand BEFORE yu write the unit test. 8.1 NOTES: ANGIOSPERMS General Characteristics f Flwering Plants All belng t the divisin Magnliphyta and. Develping frm the flwer is. This extremely diverse divisin is respnsible fr cuntless industries. We are surrunded by them in everyday life, frm. further. This is based n their seed type and grwth pattern. The fd prtin f the seed is called the ctyledn. As the name suggests, a. Other differences are utlined in the table belw. Page 1 f 11

2 Cmparisn f Mnct versus Dict Angisperms Characteristic Mnct Dict seed seed leaf (1 st leaf t frm in germinatin) vascular bundles (xylem and phlem) veins in leaf flwer parts (such as petals and sepal) A Visual Cmparisn f Mncts versus Dicts Page 2 f 11

3 Mncts and Dicts als. have a tap rt system. Mnct have a. Mnct Dict The Flwer The develpment f the flwer and the fruit are the key t the success f the angisperms. These specialized structures create a symbitic relatinship with certain animals t aid in fertilizatin as well as dispersin f the species.. After it is fertilized the flwer will develp int a fruit which may be harvested and eaten by animals. t be drpped with a bit f extra fertilizer. Page 3 f 11

4 Flwers _. The. In mst flwers this is fused tgether t frm a. The. Eggs are stred in the vary until they are fertilized. Special chemicals prevent sperm frm fertilizing the eggs f flwers that are nt the same kind. The. The stamen _. Sexual reprductin ccurs when pllen frm an anther is transferred t the stigma. Pllinatin is ften aided by insects that have evlved with these plants. Plants can self- fertilize r crss-fertilize (pllen transferred t stigma f a different plant). Types f Fruit The. The fleshy part f the fruit develps frm the vary and vary wall f the flwer. The functin f this flesh varies in different plants but it t sme. The fruit can take n a specialized shape t be transprted by wind (e.g., maple) r water (e.g., ccnut) r can develp int a fruit that ffers an animal nutritin in exchange fr transprt. We cmmnly think f apples, bananas, ranges r melns as fruits, hwever, many ther fds we dn't cnsider are fruits as well. Fds such as because they develp frm a flwer. Page 4 f 11

5 Angisperm Reprductin As with the gymnsperms,. Flwers hld male and female reprductive rgans. The. It is here where meisis takes place. In, meisis prduces the that and in _ meisis prduces that, arund the embry sac, and prvides a passage fr sperm t swim t the egg. Tw sperm will enter the embry sac.. This prcess is called. The fertilized plar nuclei will develp int a triplid (3n) endsperm that that develps frm the zygte (fertilized egg). Still surrunding the seeds at this pint is the fruit that has develped frm the vary wall. The fruit can functin in varius ways t aid in dispersal. Diagram f Angisperm Reprductin Page 5 f 11

6 Ecnmic Imprtance f Angisperms "T sme black gld refers t il. T thers, it refers t cffee" - Mark Pendergast As with gymnsperms,. Hwever,. Hardwds are due t their varying clurs and grain patterns. The durability and strength f hardwds mean they are used fr mre expensive. Birch, maple, and ak are each examples f hardwds that are cmmnly used fr these purpses. When we think f angisperms, we think f flwers and fruit, which bth have bvius ecnmic implicatins. Many angisperms have a less wdy r herbaceus tissue and _. Fr example, with sugar beets the rt is used t make sugar and with sugar cane the stalk f the plant is used.. We d nt nly cnsume the fruit. One grup f fruits has an extremely large effect n wrld nutritin. These are the grains. are cnsumed wrldwide as a base f cnsumptin prviding starch t the diet. Other uses f angisperms are seen in drinks such as. Cttn is used in. was derived frm the rubber tree. Nw mst rubber is synthetic. _ that were derived frm plants. Page 6 f 11

7 8.1 PRACTICE: ANGIOSPERMS 1. Describe hw angisperm seeds differ frm gymnsperm seeds. (2 marks) 2. Indicate whether the fllwing statement applies t a mnct (M) r a dict (D). (4 marks) a. Plant develps with ne ctyledn b. Plant has net-like veins. c. Plant has vascular bundles arranged in circles. d. Plant has flwer petals arranged in multiples f three. 3. Describe three functins f fruit with respect t plant survival. (3 marks) Page 7 f 11

8 4. Label the diagram belw with the fllwing terms. Please prvide a brief explanatin the functin f each structure. Please be neat. (14 marks) sepal stigma filament petal anther style vary Page 8 f 11

9 5. What is the dminant stage in the angisperm life cycle? Is this stage diplid r haplid? (2 marks) ~ END OF BIOLOGY 11 UNIT 8 LEARNING GUIDE ~ Page 9 f 11

10 UNIT 8 ANSWER KEY 8.1 NOTES: ANGIOSPERMS 1. Describe hw angisperm seeds differ frm gymnsperm seeds. (2 marks) - gymnsperm have naked seed whereas angisperm have fruit cvering their seeds 2. Indicate whether the fllwing statement applies t a mnct (M) r a dict (D). (4 marks) a. Plant develps with ne ctyledn b. Plant has net-like veins. c. Plant has vascular bundles arranged in circles. d. Plant has flwer petals arranged in multiples f three. 3. Describe three functins f fruit with respect t plant survival. (3 marks) - prvides nutrients - prvides prtectin - enhances dispersal Page 10 f 11

11 4. Label the diagram belw with the fllwing terms. Please prvide a brief explanatin the functin f each structure. Please be neat. (14 marks) sepal stigma filament petal anther style vary Sepal = prtects budding flwer Stigma = receives pllen during fertilizatin filament = hlds anther up Petal = attracts pllinatrs Anther = cntains pllen/male reprductive cells style = tube leading t vary where pllen enters vary = female reprductive rgan 5. What is the dminant stage in the angisperm life cycle? Is this stage diplid r haplid? (2 marks) - sprphyte (2n) = diplid Page 11 f 11