3.1 All organisms are made of cells.

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1 Name Date Period Screencasts found at: sciencepeek.com Part 1 What is a cell? (pp ) 3.1 All organisms are made of cells. 1. What is a cell (give the complete description)? 2. Understanding cell and is the basis for our understanding of how complex organisms are organized. 3. The term cell was first used in the mid 1600 s by:. 4. Cellullae is the Latin term given to cells by Hooke. What does cellulae mean and why did Robert Hooke name them these? 5. What did scientists realize by the 1830 s with regard to cells? 6. What is the estimated number of cells that make up your body? 7. What are the two parts of the cell theory? 8. Cells are three-dimensional structures, like a fluid-filled balloon, where chemical reactions necessary for life take place. List some examples of the sorts of reactions that occur in cells. 9. Although most cells are too small to see with the naked eye, there are exceptions; What are they? 10.Is it more profitable to be male or female when donating reproductive cells like eggs and sperm? 11.What estimated number of bacteria are there in your mouth at this very moment? 12.Most cells, not just bacteria, are really, really tiny so tiny that 2,000 red blood cells, lined up end to end, would just extend across a dime. DRAW THIS ON YOUR PAPER BELOW. 1 of 6

2 3.2 Prokaryotic cells are structurally simple but extremely diverse. Although millions of diverse species live on earth and many of those organisms contain trillions of different cells, every cell falls into one of two basic categories. 13.List and describe the two categories that all cells fall into. 14.The first cells on earth were probably, making their appearance about billion years ago. 15.All prokaryotes are -celled and are to the naked eye. 16.Just two groups of prokaryotes exist: and. All other organisms are made up of cells. 17.Bacteria are involved in many critical biological processes and affect human health in important ways. List two examples of prokaryotic cells and their role in humans. 18.All prokaryotic cells contain four basic features as seen in figure 3-4 below. Describe the role of each. a. Plasma membrane: b. Cytoplasm: c. Ribosomes: d. DNA 2 of 6

19.There are additional structures that some prokaryotic cells possess. List all of these structures and describe two in detail. 3.3 Eukaryotic cells have compartments with specialized functions. 20.

3 19.There are additional structures that some prokaryotic cells possess. List all of these structures and describe two in detail. 3.3 Eukaryotic cells have compartments with specialized functions. 20. Are eukaryotes always multicellular? Explain why or why not and provide examples. 21. Eukaryotic cells are about times larger than prokaryotic cells in volume. 22. Besides having a nucleus, eukaryotic cells contain a variety of membrane-bound organelles including a nucleus. What benefits do organelles give for eukaryotic cells (this may be an exam short answer question)? List the features that differentiate eukaryotic animal cells from plant cells. 3 of 6

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Part 2 Animal body structures reflect their function (20.1-20.16 pp. 792-803) 20.1 Animal body structures reflect their functions. 23. Give an example of how form follows function for: a.

Multicellularity makes it possible for animals to attain much larger sizes and much greater physiological complexity than single-celled organisms.

5 Part 2 Animal body structures reflect their function ( pp ) 20.1 Animal body structures reflect their functions. 23. Give an example of how form follows function for: a. molecules - b. organelles - c. cells Animals are organisms. 25. Multicellularity makes it possible for animals to attain much larger sizes and much greater physiological complexity than single-celled organisms. This is because unlike single cellularity multicellularity makes it possible a division of labor and specialization at the cellular level. What is meant by the previous phrase in quotations (in other words, what is the labor, how is it divided and what does specialization refer to? 26. Cells can be organized into groups, and groups organized into larger groups, to carry out specific life-sustaining functions such as between the organism and its environment, and feeling, and fighting tasks. 27. About how many different cell types is a human compose of? 28. Finish filling in the diagram to the left. 5 of 6

6 29. Adult animals generally have four main types of tissue (Figure 20-3). Fill in the chart below. 30. Connective tissue is: 31. Epithelial tissue is: 32. Muscle tissue is: 33. Nervous tissue is: 34. Organs are: 35. An organ system is: 36. Physiology is: 6 of 6

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division. What are the phases of the cell cycle? Why is the result of the cell cycle important?

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division What are the phases of the cell cycle? Why is the result of the cell cycle important? The Cell Cycle and Cell Division cell cycle interphase sister chromatid centromere