PHYSICS & BIOLOGY IN MEDICINE 218 RADIOLOGIC FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY. Fall 2017
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1 PHYSICS & BIOLOGY IN MEDICINE 218 RADIOLOGIC FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY Fall 2017
2 INSTRUCTORS Allan MacKenzie-Graham, PhD Jeff Alger, PhD Neuroscience Research Building 225Z 635 Charles Young Drive Office hours: Make an appointment by
3 BIOGRAPHY BS in Neuroscience, UCLA 1996 PhD in Neuroscience, UCLA 2006 Postdoc in Neurology, UCLA Associate Professor in Neurology, UCLA 2010-present Associate Professor in Physics and Biology in Medicine, UCLA 2015-present Associate Professor in Neuroscience, UCLA 2015-present
4 COURSE OBJECTIVES Introduction to human anatomy How normal and abnormal human anatomy is viewed using radiological imaging equipment
5 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICISTS IN MEDICINE ACADEMIC PROGRAM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GRADUATE DEGREES IN MEDICAL PHYSICS Report No Anatomy and Physiology A strong understanding of anatomy and physiology (and associated terminology) is essential for a medical physicist to collaborate with his/her colleagues in medicine. After completing this material, the student should be able to interpret common medical terminology from knowledge of Greek and Latin root words. The student should be able to identify gross anatomical structures (especially on CT images used in treatment planning), define the major organ systems, and describe the physiological mechanisms for repair, maintenance, and growth. Anatomical structures and physiological function should be correlated with the imaging modalities used to view them. A basic introduction of cell physiology and function should be integrated to help the student understand basic concepts such as hypoxia, apoptosis, angiogenesis, hyperplasia, carcinogenesis, etc.
6 1. Anatomical Nomenclature (a) Origin of anatomical names (b) Prefixes and suffixes (c) Anatomical position and body plane terminology 2. Bones and Bone Marrow (a) Classification (including spine) (b) Structure (c) Development (d) Function and relevance of marrow (red vs. yellow) (e) Radiographic appearance(x-ray, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine) 3. Brain and CNS (a) Anatomy (b) Brain structure and function (c) Nerve propagation and organization diseases of the CNS (d) Radiography and pathology 4. Thorax (a) Bones of the thorax (b) Organs in the thorax (c) Physiology (d) Radiography and pathology 5. Abdomen (a) Divisions and regions (b) Organs in the abdomen (c) Abdominal systems (d) Physiology (e) Radiography and pathology 6. Respiratory System (a) Organs (b) Physiology (c) Radiography and pathology 7. Digestive System (a) Divisions (b) Location, extension (c) Physiology (d) Radiography and pathology 8. Urinary System (a) Organs (b) Location (c) Physiology (d) Radiography and pathology 9. Reproductive System (a) Organs (b) Location (c) Physiology (d) Radiography and pathology 10. Circulatory System (a) Major components (b) Physiology (c) Radiography and pathology
7 TEXT The Complete Human Body: The Definitive Visual Guide (Roberts) 2 nd Edition Provided by the program Available on Amazon Suggested Texts & Other Resources Dorland s Illustrated Medical Dictionary (Saunders) Atlas of Human Anatomy (Netter) Gray s Anatomy (Gray)
8 SYLLABUS Date Lecture Topic 10/03 1 Course intro & basic biology 10/10 2 Imaging techniques 10/17 3 Musculoskeletal 1 10/24 4 Musculoskeletal 2 10/31 5 Neuroanatomy 1 11/07 6 Neuroanatomy 2 11/14 7 Cardiovascular 1 11/21 8 Cardiovascular 2 11/21 8a Student presentations (5:00-6:00 pm) 11/27 9 Gastrointestinal 11/27 9a Student presentations (5:00-6:00 pm) 12/05 10 Genitourinary 12/05 10a Student presentations (5:00-6:00 pm)
9 STUDENT PRESENTATIONS Goals Greater student interaction Practice on reading literature Learning the language of biology Practice on oral presentations Practice making slides Each student will be randomly assigned a recent publication related to anatomic imaging or molecular biology Available on October 17, 2016 Each student will make a 10 minute presentation on the publication List of learning points Slide presentation
10 GRADING 2/3 Final exam 1/3 Student presentation
11 BIOLOGY REFRESHER
12 EUKARYOTIC CELL Cell membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi body Lysosome Centriole Cytoskeleton Wikimedia Commons
13 CHROMOSOMES Found in the nucleus 23 pairs of chromosomes 22 autosomes XX (female) or XY (male) DNA wraps around histones that condense into chromosomes
14 DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID Double helix structure Sugar-phosphate chain Nitrogenous bases Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine philschatz.com
15 DNA REPLICATION philschatz.com
16 TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION philschatz.com
17 AMINO ACIDS Building blocks of protein 20 amino acids used in protein synthesis Conserved from bacteria to man
18 PROTEIN STRUCTURE Primary structure Amino acid sequence Secondary structure Alpha helix Beta pleated sheet Tertiary structure Overall 3D structure Quaternary structure Multiple polypeptide chains
19 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
20 EMBRYOGENESIS Zephyris Wikimedia Commons
21 GASTRULATION Ectoderm Skin Nervous system Endoderm Digestive track Respiratory track Mesoderm Muscle Bone
22 CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION Embryonic stem cell Pluripotent stem cell Multipotent stem cell
23 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
24 TREE OF LIFE
25 PRIMATE EVOLUTION Ardipithecus Australopithecus Homo
26 EVOLUTION OF CRANIAL CAPACITY Australopithecus africanus 457 cm3 Homo habilis 552 cm3 Homo erectus 1016 cm3 Homo neanderthalensis 1512 cm3 Homo sapiens 1355 cm3
27 ANATOMIC ORIENTATION
28 ANATOMIC POSITION anterior posterior ventral dorsal left right lateral medial superior inferior cranial caudal
29 PLANES OF SECTION sagittal coronal axial horizontal transverse transaxial cross-sectional oblique
30
31
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