2. The following molecules are considered polymers except Mark all that apply a. Starch b. DNA c. Proteins d. Lipids e. Salt

Transcription

1 Life s Major Molecules 1. Which is an organic molecule? a. Ne b. O2 c. CH4 d. NaCl e. H2O 2. The following molecules are considered polymers except Mark all that apply a. Starch b. DNA c. Proteins d. Lipids e. Salt 3. To what does the term "polypeptide" specifically refer? a. organic molecules linked by dehydration synthesis b. organic monomers covalently bonded c. amino acids linked by hydrolysis d. carbohydrates with a hydrogen bond holding them together e. none of the above General Biology 4. The most abundant group of organisms on Earth are the a. algae b. protozoans c. protists d. eukaryotes e. prokaryotes 5. What is the molecular commonality that is the basis of life's variety? a. protein b. DNA c. the ecosystem d. natural selection e. mutation 6. Why are biologists so interested in chemistry? a. Chemicals are the fundamental parts of all living things. b. Most chemicals are harmful to living things. c. They know little about life except the chemicals it is made from. d. If you understand the chemistry of life, you can make a lot of money. e. Everything about life can be known by understanding its chemistry. Page 1 of 12

2 7. All living organisms come from a. asexual reproduction b. plants c. protists d. outer space e. magic and mystery ab. other living organisms ac. Dead stuff ad. Chemicals ae. sexual reproduction Greek Lexicon Match the term with its Greek and / or Latin meaning TERM CODE Greek / Latin Derivation Root, Prefix and / or Suffix 8. Birth / Beginning 9. Same 10. Many 11. Seed / Kernel 12. Water 13. Life 14. Cell 15. Different A B C D E AB AC AD AE BC BD BE CD CE DE ABC ABD ABE ACD ACE Ana Bio Cyto Gen Homo Hetero Hydro Hyper Hypo Infra Inter Intra Kary Lyso Meta Micro Milli Poly Telo Photo Page 2 of 12

3 Mitosis and Meiosis Fill in the following check list of comparisons. Place a check mark in the appropriate column. Mark the letter choice on your answer sheet / Scantron. Mark all that apply for each term. Mitosis A Meiosis C 16. DNA replicates 17. Produces gametes 18. Produces identical daughter cells 19. Has two sets of prophase, meta phase and anaphase 20. Homologous chromosomes line up together 21. In humans, produces cells with 23 chromosomes 22. New cells are different from each other 23. Occurs in plant and animal cells 24. Occurs in teste and ovary (sex) cells 25. Mutations can occur 26. Produces diploid cells 27. Produces exact chromatid copies of original chromosomes 28. Required for growth and reproduction in all single celled organisms Page 3 of 12

4 Identify the Phases of Mitosis PHASES of MITOSIS CHOICES A B 29. Anaphase 30. Cytokinesis 31. Daughter Cells 32. Early Prophase 33. Interphase 34. Late Prophase 35. Metaphase 36. Late Telophase C D E AB AC AE Page 4 of 12

5 Identify the Phases of Meiosis. Match the Choices with the following Illustration CHOICES Daughter cells for each with 23 chromosomes 38. Anaphase Chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of cell 40. Cytokinesis 41. Interphase Metaphase Microtubules attach to centromeres of Chromatids 44. Microtubules disappear and cell begins to divide 45. Nucleus dissolves and Microtubules attach to chromosomes 46. Prophase 1 Page 5 of 12

6 PHASES OF MEIOSIS Page 6 of 12

7 Reproduction and Inheritance 47. Most of an organism's DNA is carried by its. a. chromosomes b. endoplasmic reticulum c. mitochondria d. ribosomes e. nucleoli 48. Sister chromatids a. all of the below b. are attached at the centromere prior to division c. are separated during mitosis d. are created when DNA is replicated e. have matching copies of the chromosome's DNA 49. The function of the mitotic cell cycle is to produce daughter cells that. a. are genetically identical to the parent cell (assuming no mutation has occurred) b. have the same number of chromatids as the parent cell had chromosomes c. none of the above d. have a random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes e. have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell but not the same genetic content 50. Chromosomes of diploid organisms that are NOT involved in sex determination are called. a. mitotic chromosomes b. nucleosomes c. indeterminate chromosomes d. heterochromosomes e. autosomes 51. How many pairs of autosomes do human cells have? a. 2 b. It depends on the sex of the individual. c. 23 d. 22 e Which of the following is a normal human female karyotype? a. XXY b. X c. XX d. XY e. XXX Page 7 of 12

8 53. In humans, the determines the sex of the offspring because. a. female... only the female has two functional sex chromosomes b. male... the sperm can fertilize either a female egg or a male egg c. chromosome contribution from both parents... the offspring uses all the parents' chromosomes. d. female... only the female provides cytoplasm to the zygote e. male... the male can contribute either an X or a Y chromosome 54. What is the function of meiosis? a. none of the above b. to make four cells with the same chromosome number as the parent c. to make exact copies of the parent cell d. to make cells with a haploid (half that of the parents) number of chromosomes e. to make one cell with twice the number of chromosomes as the parent pairs 55. Why is crossing over important? a. It holds tetrads together. b. It allows the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes. c. It prevents variation in gametes. d. It ensures that homologous chromosomes pair. e. It is necessary for the attachment of chromosomes to the spindle. Genetics 56. In a certain plant, the alleles A, B, and C are dominant to the alleles a, b, and c. A plant with the genotype AABbcc will have the same phenotype as the plant with the genotype. a. AAbbcc b. aabbcc c. AaBBcc d. AABBCc e. none of the above 57. Assume tall (Y) is dominant to green (y). If a homozygous dominant individual is crossed with a homozygous recessive, the offspring will. a. all be intermediate in height b. all be Yellow c. be 1/2 Yellow and ½ green d. be 3/4 Yellow and 1/4 green e. all be green 58. An allele is. a. a type of chromosome b. the dominant form of a gene c. a variety of pea plant used by Mendel d. an alternative version of a gene e. the recessive form of a gene Page 8 of 12

9 Referring to the Illustration, identify the following ITEMS Item - Label / Process Illustration 59. All Zygotes 60. Crossing Over 61. Female Parent 62. Fertilization 63. Gametes 64. Genetically identical zygotes to the parents 65. Genetically recombined zygotes relative to the parents 66. Male Parent 67. Meiosis 68. Offspring Page 9 of 12

10 In Sea Urchins V is for Various Colors r vs. v for single color. S is for Sedentary / Stationary / no walking around vs. s for mobile, do walk around Both genes are completely dominant and independent. i.e., 50/50 chance of expression. Fill in the following table of genotypes and calculate the percentage probability of each phenotype and genotype as required in the following set of inquiries. First, Determine the Possible Genotypes Gamete Genotype FEMALE MALE VS Vs vs vs VS Vs vs vs Page 10 of 12

11 Sea urchins continued Now, Determine the Probability of Phenotype based on the Possible Genotypes 69. What percent will be Various and Stationary? 70. What percent will be a single color and Stationary? 71. What percentage will be Various and mobile? 72. What percentage will be a single color and mobile? 73. What percentage will have at least 1 recessive gene? 74. What percentage will have at least 1 Dominant gene? Answer Choices Answer CODE Answer Choices Answer CODE A 6.25% AE 56.25% B C 12.50% 18.75% BC BD 62.50% 68.75% D 25.00% BE 75.00% E 31.25% CD 81.25% AB 37.50% CE 87.50% AC 43.75% DE 93.75% AD 50.00% ABC % Page 11 of 12

12 DNA 75. Which one of the following lists the four bases contained in DNA? a. cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil b. adenine, guanine, uracil, thymine c. guanine, pyroline, thymine, uracil d. adenine, guanine, purine, thymine e. adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine 76. Which one of the following accurately reflects complementary base pairing in the DNA molecule? a. guanine cytosine b. guanine adenine c. cytosine thymine d. uracil thymine e. adenine cytosine 77. The information in DNA is contained in. a. the variation in the structure of nucleotides that make up the DNA molecule b. the type of sugars used in making the DNA molecule c. the sequence of amino acids that make up the DNA molecule d. the sequence of nucleotides along the length of one strand of the DNA molecule e. all of these 78. Which of the following pieces of evidence would be considered the best for establishing biological relatedness? A) birth certificates B) pictures from family reunions C) testimony from relatives D) a very close match in the DNA profile E) legal documents Page 12 of 12