U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE

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1 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): January 2014 DATE: February 4, 2014 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. January 2014 will be remembered as one of the coldest and snowiest months ever for much of central and northern Indiana. This portion of the state received near record to record monthly snowfall during the month and experienced the coldest weather in 20 years. Near blizzard conditions and ice packed roads closed sections of interstates, U.S. Highways, and local roads. At times, only emergency personnel were allowed to travel. Many schools closed for a total of 1 to 2 weeks during the month. The first snow of the New Year began late on the 1 st and continued through the early afternoon hours of the 2 nd. Much of central Indiana received 4 to 8 inches of snow. Blowing and drifting made travel conditions treacherous early on the 2 nd. The first blast of arctic weather during the month lasted through the 3 rd. Temperatures briefly moderated on the 4 th. On the 5 th the biggest storm system of the month brought heavy snow to central and northern Indiana and a mix of rain and snow across southern Indiana. Snowfall of 8 to 14 inches was common across areas along and north of a Terre Haute to New Castle line. Portions of northwest Indiana received more than 18 inches as a result of some lake effect snows. Rain fell for several hours in southern Indiana before changing to snow late in the day. Snow amounts in southern Indiana south of a Vincennes to Connersville line were generally less than 2 inches. Snowfall rates in the heavy snow areas exceeded an inch per hour during the height of the storm. At Indianapolis, snow fell at the rate of at least an inch per hour from 10:00 AM to 3:00 PM on the 5 th. Snowfall diminished by late afternoon, but lighter snows continued into the evening. At Indianapolis, the 11.4 inches of snow on the 5 th was the second highest calendar day snowfall since records began in The Indianapolis record for most snowfall in a calendar day is 12.1 inches on March 19, 1906.

2 Late on the 5 th gusty winds ushered in arctic air and created dangerous travel conditions across much of Indiana. The frigid air transformed the heavy wet snow on the roads into packed ice. The blowing and drifting snow reduced visibilities on the 6 th and formed snow drifts several feet high in some areas. As a result, numerous roads were closed including Interstate 65 from Lafayette to Gary and several U.S. Highways. Many counties declared travel warnings and permitted emergency vehicles only on the roads. Marion County and the city of Indianapolis declared their first travel warning since the Blizzard of January Travel remained difficult in much of central and northern Indiana until above freezing weather arrived late on the 9 th. Many area schools closed for the entire week. Brutal weather conditions developed quickly on the 6 th. A sharp 35 to 45 degree drop in temperatures occurred in a 15 hour period from late afternoon on the 5 th to the early morning of the 6 th. Wind chill readings on the 6 th approached, and at some times exceeded, 40 degrees below zero. Central and northern Indiana had not experienced such cold since January 20, Area hospitals treated several cases of frostbite. News reports indicated at least three people perished because of the cold weather. The below zero weather conditions continued for 24 to 30 hours on the 6 th and 7 th in central Indiana. Low temperatures bottomed out in the 10 to 20 below zero range. These were the lowest readings for much of the area since January The arctic intrusion quickly retreated by the 10 th. The combination of rainfall of one quarter to three quarters of an inch late on the 10 th and slowly melting snow through the 13 th, broke up the river ice that formed during the month and created lowland flooding along portions of the Wabash, White, and East Fork White Rivers. Flooding began in central Indiana on the 11 th and ended in southwest Indiana by the 21 st. River crests on the Wabash River were similar or lower than those of December Flooding along the East Fork White and White Rivers was much less than in December. There were not any reports of serious ice blockages. By the 14 th, little snow remained in Indiana after temperatures reached into the upper 40s and lower 50s on the 13 th and early on the 14 th. Below freezing weather returned to the state late on the 14 th and continued in central and northern Indiana for much of the remainder of the month. From the 15 th through the 30 th fast moving clipper systems brought frequent brief heavy snows and strong gusty winds to central and northern Indiana. The clipper systems caused significant temperature oscillations. Temperature swings of 20 or more degrees in a 24 hour period were common. Serious travel problems developed on the 16 th, 18 th, 21 st, 23 rd, 25 th, 26 th, and 27 th as the result of near white out conditions, slick roads, and/or drifting snow.

3 Temperatures warmed markedly ahead of the last arctic plunge on the 27 th. Temperatures rose above freezing across nearly all of Indiana on the 26 th reaching the 30s and low 40s in central and northern Indiana to the middle 50s in southwest Indiana. Little or no snow remained in southwest and south central Indiana after the 26 th. As the arctic air quickly returned to central Indiana, the wind gusted from 50 to more than 60 mph early on the 27 th. Very sharp temperature falls occurred in central Indiana as readings fell more than 20 degrees in two hours and nearly 40 degrees in 12 hours. Snowfall only occurred in areas north of Indianapolis and northern Indiana. The last arctic chill of the month plunged temperatures on the 28 th in areas north and east of Indianapolis and in northern Indiana to nearly as cold or colder than those on the 6 th and 7 th. Minimum temperatures in central and southern Indiana were 5 to more than 10 degrees higher. The arctic air gradually retreated after the 29 th as near to above freezing temperatures returned to central and southern Indiana on the 31 st ahead of a developing winter storm. This last storm of the month brought 2 to more than 4 inches of new snow to northwest and north central Indiana as January closed. For the month, January s precipitation ranged from below normal in southwest Indiana to normal or slightly above normal across the remainder of the state. Liquid precipitation totals measured from 1.5 inches to more than 4 inches. Most of the state received between 2 to 4 inches of liquid precipitation during January. This was one of the snowiest months ever for much of central and northern Indiana. Snowfall ranged from 18 inches to nearly 50 inches in northwest Indiana. Much of central Indiana received from 12 to 24 inches of snow. The Indianapolis area received 26.9 inches of snowfall. Only the months of January 1978, March 1906, and December 1973 received more snowfall since snow records began in Monthly snowfall in southern Indiana was considerably less than that of central Indiana. Snow totals ranged from less than an inch in southwest Indiana to around 8 inches in south central Indiana. Portions of southeast Indiana received more than 12 inches of snowfall. Monthly temperatures for January averaged 4 to 8 degrees below normal. Maximum temperatures during the month ranged from the 40s to middles 50s on the 13 th or 26 th with low ranging from just below zero to 20 below on the 6 th and 7 th. Temperatures dropped below zero on 2 days in southern Indiana to 10 days in central and northern Indiana. For the Indianapolis area this was the coldest January since 1982 and the coldest 31 day month since December At the end of January little snow remained in southern and central Indiana with 6 inches or more in portions of northern Indiana. The lack of a deep snow cover after the 15 th allowed the ground to freeze

4 to a depth of 9 inches at Indianapolis by the 31 st. Most rivers and streams were ice covered and at normal levels. Ice fishing was observed at Morse Reservoir near Noblesville on the 29 th. Pictured above is a sundog caused by ice crystals in an arctic air mass. The picture below depicts conditions at the Indianapolis Weather office immediately following the heavy snow on the 5 th. The temperature was 14 degrees below zero with a wind chill near 40 below on the morning of the 6 th.

5 Pictured above is a steam cloud produced by throwing hot water into a frigid arctic air mass. The temperature was around 11 below zero on the morning of the 7 th. Pictured above is an ice covered Wabash River at Lafayette on the 28 th. The river stage was around 4.5 feet. The was a result of the arctic outbreak on the 27 th and 28 th when temperatures fell to 10 to 15 degrees below zero.

6 Pictured above is Cicero Creek at Hague Road near Noblesville on the morning of the 29 th and below is Morse Reservoir located on Cicero Creek just northwest of Noblesville. The pool elevation for Morse Reservoir was feet MSL. One person was ice fishing on the reservoir.

7 Pictured above is hourly temperature plot for January 2014 at Indianapolis. Notice sharp oscillations at times during the month. The picture below shows the frost depth of 9 inches on January 31, 2014.

8 January 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. January 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

9 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 1/24/2014 Flood Stage Report January 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Brush Creek... Nebraska, IN / Driftwood River... Edinburgh 1.5 SW, IN / East Fork White River... Columbus, IN / Rockford, IN / / / Rivervale, IN / Williams, IN / Shoals, IN / Eel River... Bowling Green, IN / Embarras River... Lawrenceville, IL / Flatrock River... Raleigh, IN / Rushville, IN / St. Paul, IN / Columbus, IN / Muscatatuck River... Deputy, IN / Vernon 1SW, IN / Wheeler Hollow, IN / Sugar Cr... Edinburgh, IN / Wabash River... Logansport, IN / State Road 225, IN / Lafayette, IN / / / Covington, IN / / / Montezuma, IN / / / Terre Haute, IN / SR 154 Bridge, IN / Riverton, IN / / / Vincennes, IN / Mount Carmel, IL / New Harmony, IN /

10 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 1/24/2014 Flood Stage Report January 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time White River... Spencer, IN / Worthington, IN / Elliston, IN / / / Newberry, IN / / / SR 358 Bridge, IN / / / Petersburg Power Plt, IN / Petersburg, IN / / / Old US Highway 41, IN / / / Youngs Creek... Amity, IN /

11 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): February 2014 DATE: March 6, 2014 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. The cold and snowy pattern of January continued for much of February. February 2014 was among the coldest and snowiest Februarys of record for central and northern Indiana. A quick thaw and rain on the 20 th caused serious ice jam flooding in portions of northern Indiana and widespread river flooding across the state. The month began with relatively mild temperatures and rain. Most of the snow from January in central Indiana melted on the 1 st as one-half to over an inch of rainfall overspread the state. This would be the last rain event for central Indiana for more than two weeks. Much of the precipitation during the first 17 days of February was snow. Snow impacted parts of the area early on the morning of the 2 nd as colder air returned to Indiana. A thin 15 to 20 mile wide band of moderate to occasionally heavy snow aligned from Parke and Vermillion Counties in west central Indiana northeast through Crawfordsville, Thorntown, Frankfort, Tipton, and Kokomo where 5 to 8 inches fell in about a 4 to 5 hour period. Outside of this area, snowfall was 1 to 2 inches or less. The heaviest snowfall for the month came on the 4 th and 5 th as a strong low pressure system moved through the Ohio Valley. Snow was the predominant precipitation type for areas along and north of the Interstate 70 corridor, where totals ranged from 6 to 10 inches. In southern Indiana, snowfall totals were less than 4 inches because sleet and freezing rain fell for part of the evening during the 4 th. Arctic air moved over the state on the 6 th and remained through the 13 th. Temperatures plummeted to 10 to 20 degrees below zero in portions of northern Indiana with morning readings dropping to near zero or lower on 8 consecutive days. Streams began ice covered across the state with especially thick river ice in northern Indiana. The arctic chill was not quite as cold in central and southern Indiana. Morning lows dropped to near zero or below during this

12 time. February 11 th marked the 12th day this winter season of zero degrees or colder at the Indianapolis airport. The last time this occurred was in the winter of when there were 16 days of zero or lower readings. As the arctic air retreated, a fast moving clipper system provided central Indiana with the snowiest Valentine s Day ever on record. A swath of 4 to 6 inches of snow fell in central Indiana with lesser amounts in southern Indiana. The Indianapolis airport set a record snowfall for the date with 5½ inches of snow. The Friday evening commute was terrible in the Indianapolis area. No snow fell in northern Indiana with this system. A few more weather systems brought small amounts of snow to central Indiana from the 15 th through the 17 th. By the morning of the 17 th, 8 to 24 inches of snow covered central and northern Indiana, with a trace to nearly 12 inches in southern Indiana. This was essentially the end of the snowfall for February in central and southern Indiana. The most substantial warm up of the month began on the 18 th as southerly winds brought much warmer air into Indiana. High temperatures peaked in the upper 50s and lower 60s across much of central Indiana during the evening of the 20 th ; the warmest weather for the Indianapolis area since November 17 th. The weather remained mild after the frontal passage late on the 20 th as temperatures returned into the 50s at many locations on the 22 nd. Nearly all the snow in central and southern Indiana melted during this period. The combination of frozen ground, rapid snow melt, and rainfall of one quarter to three quarters of an inch on the 20 th caused widespread flooding in central and southern Indiana. Because of the extreme cold earlier in the month, serious ice jams developed at some locations in north central and northern Indiana. The first confirmation of potential river ice problems occurred on the 5 th. Local officials noted an ice jam on the Wabash River at Logansport that quickly broke up. Hydrographs from some river sites early in the month north of I-70 indicated river ice movement, but this was the only official confirmation. A serious ice jam flood developed along Wildcat Creek in the Lafayette area early on the 21 st. More than 20 residences were evacuated near Barton Beach Road. Large chucks of ice were left on Eisenhower Court upstream of the Barton Beach area. Similar ice jam flooding returned on the 22 nd as Barton Beach Road once again flooded and trapped more than 100 people at a sporting event. Serious ice jam flooding also occurred at Huntington and other areas of northern Indiana. The Corps of Engineers Cold Research Laboratory noted 14 ice jams during the month in Indiana. At times, ice jams on the Wabash River extended for 8 to more than 12 miles along portions of the Wabash River from the Covington area near I-74 upstream to Logansport.

13 The resultant lowland river flooding in central and southern Indiana was slightly higher than the floods of last month. Only the Wabash River from Lafayette to Vincennes experienced flooding significantly higher than in January. The passage of a cold front on the 23 rd abruptly ended the warm weather. Below freezing temperatures continued the remainder of the month. This allowed much of the flooding to end in a few days. For the month, precipitation ranged from near normal in the southern half of the state to above normal in the northern half. Liquid precipitation totals measured from slightly less than 2 inches in southern Indiana to nearly 5 inches in west central Indiana. Much of the state received between 2 to 4 inches of liquid precipitation during February. February 2014 was among one of the snowiest Februarys of record for much of central and northern Indiana. Snowfall ranged from 6 inches to nearly 30 inches in northwest Indiana. Most of central Indiana received from 8 to 18 inches of snow. The Indianapolis area set a snowfall record for the meteorological winter months of December, January, and February with a total of 52.2 inches. As of February 28 th, the winter of was the 3 rd snowiest of record at Indianapolis. Only the yearly seasons of and received more snowfall. Monthly snowfall in southern Indiana was considerably less than that of central Indiana. Snow totals ranged from about an inch in southwest Indiana to around 6 inches in south central Indiana. Portions of southeast Indiana received nearly 12 inches of snowfall. A rare weather phenomenon occurred in central Indiana after dark on the 17 th. Snow rollers were observed in the Sheridan area of Hamilton County. The last time snow rollers occurred in central Indiana was in February The 2003 occurrence of snow rollers was much more widespread. The warm spell ended the 35 consecutive days with an inch or more of snow on the ground in the Indianapolis area. This was the longest period with an inch or more of snow on the ground since January- February 1985 and the 4 th longest since snowfall records began in Monthly temperatures for February averaged 7 to 12 degrees below normal in central and much of southern Indiana. Maximum temperatures during the month reached in the 50s and 60s late on the 20 th. The coldest mornings were on the 7 th and 11 th with readings of 5 to nearly 20 degrees below zero. Temperatures dropped below zero on 4 to 8 days in central and northern Indiana and on 1 or 2 days in some areas of southern Indiana. For the Indianapolis area this was the coldest February since 2007 and the coldest December through February since

14 The only severe weather of the month in central Indiana occurred during the evening of the 20 th. A line of severe thunderstorms developed in the warm, moist air and brought damaging winds to many areas and large hail to a few locations. A brief tornado touched down in both Montgomery and Rush Counties. At the close of February, virtually no snow cover existed in central and southern Indiana while 4 to 12 inches remained in northern Indiana. The frost depth of the soil was around two inches after being 9 inches at the beginning of the month. The ground had thawed out on the 20 th. Lowland river flooding continued in portions of western and southern Indiana. Ice still remained in rivers and streams in northern Indiana with an ice jam located on the Wabash River in the Covington area. Pictured above is the Indianapolis Weather office on the morning of the 15 th following the snow on Valentine s Day. The snow depth was 11 inches.

15 Pictured above is the ice on the Wabash River at the Lockport Bridge in Carroll County on the 8 th. Picture above is the ice on the Wabash River at French Post Park in Carroll County on the 8 th.

16 Pictured above is a frozen Pogues Run at Vermont Street in downtown Indianapolis on the 12 th. Pictured above is a partially ice covered White River in downtown Indianapolis looking north from Raymond Street on the 12 th.

17 Pictured above is the hydrograph of the ice jam on Wildcat Creek near Lafayette on the 21 st and 22 nd. Below is the Beach Barton Road area on the 23 rd following the ice jam flood.

18 Pictured above is the ice jam in the Covington area at the end of February. Pictured below is a river residence in the Covington with river ice surrounding it.

19 February 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. February 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

20 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 3/04/2014 Flood Stage Report February 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Beaver Creek... Shoals 2.5 E IN / Big Blue River... Carthage IN / Shelbyville IN / / / Big Raccoon Creek... Fincastle IN / Coxville IN / Big Walnut Creek... Roachdale IN / Reelsville IN / Brush Creek... Nebraska IN / Buck Creek... Acton IN / Busseron Creek... Carlisle IN / Cicero Creek... Tipton IN / Arcadia IN / Clifty Creek... Hartsville IN / Columbus IN / Crooked Creek... Speedway IN / Deer Creek... Delphi IN / Driftwood River... Edinburgh 1.5 SW IN / / / Eagle Creek... Zionsville IN / Clermont 1 NE IN / Speedway IN / East Fork White Lick Creek... Bridgeport IN / Camby 2 NNW IN / Mooresville IN /

21 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 3/04/2014 Flood Stage Report February 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time East Fork White River... Columbus IN / Rockford IN / / / Rivervale IN / / / Bedford Boat Club IN / / / Williams IN / / / Shoals IN / Eel River... Bowling Green IN / / / Elliott Ditch... Lafayette IN / Elston (LAF area) IN / Embarras River... Lawrenceville IL / Fall Creek... Fortville IN / Millersville IN / Flatrock River... Raleigh IN / Rushville IN / St. Paul IN / Columbus IN / French Lick Creek... West Baden Springs IN / Haw Creek... Hope IN / Clifford 1.2 SE IN / Leary-Weber Ditch... Mohawk IN. ICE? / Lick Creek... Beech Grove IN / Little Blue River... Walkerville IN. ICE? / Little Buck Creek... Indianapolis IN / Little Eagle Creek... Speedway IN / Little Pine Creek... Montmorenci 1.5 SW IN /

22 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 3/04/2014 Flood Stage Report February 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Little Wea Creek... South Raub IN / Lost River... Proscept IN / Mill Creek... Cataract IN / Mississinewa River... Ridgeville IN / Mud Creek... Fishers IN / Muscatatuck River... Deputy IN / Vernon 1SW IN / Wheeler Hollow IN / North Fork Embarras River... Oblong IL / Pleasant Run... Arlington Ave in IND IN / Plum Creek... Bainbridge IN / Prairie Creek... Lebanon IN / Salt Creek... Harrodsburg IN / Harrodsburg IN Low Water for BW / Harrodsburg IN Back Water Crest / Sand Creek... Fishers IN / South Fork Wildcat Creek... Lafayette IN / Stony Creek... Fishersburg IN / Noblesville 1SE IN / Sugar Creek... New Palestine IN / Edinburgh IN /

23 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 3/04/2014 Flood Stage Report February 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Sugar Creek... Crawfordsville IN / / / Tippecanoe River... Monticello IN. 9.0 Peak Flow in cfs 8,980 2/ Oakdale Public Acc IN / Delphi IN / Pretty Prairie Rd IN / Vermilion River... Danville IL / Wabash River... Logansport IN / State Road 225 IN / Lafayette IN / / / Covington IN / cont 26.65# 2/ Montezuma IN / / / Terre Haute IN / / / SR 154 Bridge IN / / / Riverton IN / / / Vincennes IN / / / Mount Carmel IL / / / New Harmony IN / White Lick Creek... Mooresville IN / White River... Muncie IN / / / Anderson 10th St. IN / / / Anderson Raible Ave. IN / Noblesville IN / / / st nr Noblesville IN / Nora IN / / / Keystone Ave. Br. IN. 2/ / / Ravenswood IN / / / Broad Ripple Dam IN / Broad Ripple IN. ice? / Rocky Ripple IN / Indpls Museum of Art IN / IMA Lake IN / IUPUI at Michigan St IN / Indpls Raymond St. IN / Stout Power Plant IN / Centerton 1S IN / / / Centerton IN / / / Spencer IN / / / Worthington IN / Elliston IN / / / # Crest affected by ice jam.

24 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 3/04/2014 Flood Stage Report February 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time White River continued... Newberry IN / / / Edwardsport IN / / / SR 358 Bridge IN / Petersburg IN / / / Hazleton IN / / / Whitewater River... Economy IN / Wildcat Creek... Jerome 1 SE IN. Crest is a SWAG / Kokomo IN / Owasco IN / Lafayette IN Major ice Jam / William Lock Ditch... Durbin (Near) IN / Williams Creek... Home Place 2 SW IN / Youngs Creek... Amity IN /

25 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): March 2014 DATE: April 2, 2014 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. March was a cold, windy and dry month. Snow relented in central Indiana as significant snowfall occurred only in northern Indiana. Minor flooding returned to portions of the Wabash River in west central Indiana. Windy conditions throughout the month helped dry out and firm up top soils. March was not an active month for flooding in central and southern Indiana. The mild weather on the 7 th and 8 th finally broke up the large ice jam that remained from February in the Covington area. The ice on the Wabash quickly gave way early on the 9 th without any issues. The only river flood event during the month followed 4 days later. Rainfall of ½ to nearly 2 inches in central Indiana on the 12 th pushed the Wabash River in west central Indiana above flood stage by the 13 th. Rapid snowmelt on the 14 th in northern Indiana caused minor flooding along the Tippecanoe and other rivers in the Upper Wabash Basin. This surge of water pushed the flood crests in the Lafayette and Covington areas 1 to 2 feet higher and prolonged the crests in downstream areas for up to 6 days. Flooding ended along the Wabash River on the 25 th. The most significant rain event of March occurred on the 28 th and 29 th. Rain of 1 to nearly 3 inches fell in southern Indiana. The heaviest rainfall was near the Ohio River in southwest and south central Indiana. Prior to the 28th-29th rainfall, southern Indiana was dry for 15 to 24 days. This rain event missed northern Indiana which ended March with little precipitation in the last 19 days. The only winter precipitation of consequence in central Indiana fell on the 2 nd. A combination of snow, snow grains and freezing rain accumulated to a depth of 1 to 3 inches. This snow melted by the 6 th in central Indiana.

26 March precipitation was below normal across all of Indiana. Liquid precipitation totals measured from around 1 inch in northeast Indiana to over 4 inches in south central Indiana. Much of the state received between 1½ to 3 inches of liquid precipitation during March. Snowfall during March varied from less than one-half of an inch in portions of southern Indiana to more than 20 inches in northwest Indiana. Snowfall totals in northern Indiana ranged from 8 to more than 20 inches. Considerably less snow fell in central and southern Indiana where most areas received near normal snowfall amounts of 1 to 3 inches. Portions of Carroll, Tippecanoe, Clinton, Howard and Boone counties measured upwards of 8 to 9 inches of snowfall. Monthly temperatures for March averaged 4 to 8 degrees below normal in central and southern Indiana. Maximum temperatures during the month reached into the upper 60s and lower 70s on the 11 th, 21 st and 31 st. The coldest mornings were on the 3 rd and 4 th with readings in the single digits in central and southern Indiana and below zero in northern Indiana. Prolonged cold spells in central Indiana occurred from the 2 nd through the 5 th and the 23 rd through the 26 th. March was a windy month in central Indiana. The wind gusted to over 20 mph on 25 days at Indianapolis. The maximum wind gust was 52 mph on the 14 th. At the close of March, rivers were at low to normal levels. Soils were on the dry side in areas north of Indianapolis and on the wet side in the Indianapolis area and south. Early spring flowers were emerging in central Indiana. Spring weather had arrived as afternoon temperatures reached into the 50s and 60s. Pictured above is the front lawn of Indianapolis Weather office on the early afternoon of the 31 st. The grass was beginning to green up. Note water in the ditch following rains on the 29 th.

27 Pictured above is the Indianapolis Weather office on the morning of the 4 th when the temperature dipped to 7 degrees. About an inch of snow remained from the 2 nd. Pictured above is the visible satellite image of Indiana and adjacent states on the afternoon of the 3 rd. Note ice cover on Lake Michigan.

28 Pictured above is the hydrograph of the break-up of the ice jam on the Wabash River at Covington. Note that the river levels falls 8 feet in about 24 hours. Pictured above is a windy day at the Indianapolis Weather Office on the 18 th. Note the flag at the entrance to the office.

29 Pictured above is the hydrograph of the Wabash River at Montezuma during the March high water. Note how the river remains nearly stationary for about 6 days because of upstream snow melt. Pictured above is the Indianapolis Weather Office on the 25 th. Large flakes of snow fell at times during the day. A few central Indiana locations measured over an inch of snow. The snow melted soon after falling.

30 March 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. March 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

31 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 3/04/2014 Flood Stage Report March 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Prairie Creek... Lebanon IN / Sugar Creek... Crawfordsville IN / Tippecanoe River... Monticello IN. 9.0 Peak Flow in cfs 10,630 3/ Oakdale Public Acc IN. 3/ / / Delphi IN / Pretty Prairie Rd IN / Wabash River... Logansport IN / State Road 225 IN / Lafayette IN / / / Covington IN / /09 Covington IN / / / Montezuma IN / / / Terre Haute IN / / / SR 154 Bridge IN / / E 3/ Riverton IN / / / E stands for Estimate.

32 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): April 2014 DATE: May 2, 2014 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. April 2014 was wet and windy, but generally a quiet weather month for much of Indiana. Heavy rains at the beginning of the month produced extensive river flooding in the Indianapolis HSA. Winter s last hurrah at the midpoint of April brought measurable snow to much of the state. The heaviest and most widespread rains of the month occurred at the beginning of April. Storms from the 2 nd through the 4 th dumped 2 to 6 inches of rain on central and southern Indiana. The heaviest rains fell during the night of the 3 rd in southern Indiana south of US Highway 50. Mudslides and flash flooding forced evacuations of some residences and closed roads including portions of I-64. Flash flooding in parts of Crawford County approached levels experienced in June Central Indiana experienced widespread areal flooding from the 3 rd through the 4 th. River flooding quickly followed along the Wabash, White, and East Fork White Rivers. Significant river flooding occurred in much of southern Indiana. Flooding persisted in southern and western Indiana for 7 to 15 days. Three deaths were attributed to the river flooding in central Indiana. A mother and son perished late on the 4 th after being driven into a flooded road along the White River near Gosport. On the 6 th a kayaker capsized and drowned in the flooded Flatrock River at Columbus. Additional rainfall of ½ to 1½ inches on the 7 th in central Indiana caused local streams to return to bankfull levels and prolonged river flooding. By the 10 th, central and southern Indiana south of a line from Covington to Fort Wayne had received 3 to 7 inches of rain. A dry spell developed in many areas of the state following the heavy rains of the 3 rd and 4 th and continued through the 27 th. Streams and river levels returned to seasonal levels or lower. Warm and windy periods dried the top soil and allowed farmers to plant in a number of areas.

33 After this 24-day span, storms brought widespread rains again to all of Indiana except for extreme northern Indiana. Rain of ½ to more than 4 inches fell from the afternoon of the 27 th through the 29 th. The heaviest rainfall of 3 to 4 inches occurred along and south of US Highway 50. The lowest reaches of the White and Wabash Rivers approached bankfull levels with elevated levels along the East Fork White River. Rivers and streams in central Indiana showed only modest responses. Overall, April rainfall was normal to much above normal across almost all of Indiana. Monthly totals measured from 2 inches in northern Indiana to over 12 inches in southwest Indiana. Most of the state received between 3 to 8 inches of rain during April. Although much of the state received above normal precipitation, portions of northwest Indiana remained on the dry side for the third consecutive month. Winter weather returned to Indiana for the last time this season on the 14 th and 15 th. A cold rain changed to snow late on the 14 th and continued off and on through the early afternoon of the 15 th. Snowfall measured a few tenths to slightly more than an inch in central, south central, and southeast Indiana. The snow melted soon after falling. This was the latest measurable snowfall of the season since 2001 for the Indianapolis area and the most snow for April since Snowfall in northern Indiana was heavier on the 14 th and totaled from 1 to 5 inches. Snow in northern Indiana did not melt until the afternoon of the 15 th. Monthly temperatures for April averaged from 1 degree below normal in northern Indiana to nearly 2 degrees above normal in southern Indiana. The monthly temperature for the Indianapolis area was exactly normal. Maximum temperatures during the month reached into the upper 70s and lower 80s on the 12 th and 26 th. The coldest morning was the 16 th when readings dropped into the middle 20s and lower 30s. The maximum temperature of 38 degrees at Indianapolis on the 15 th was a record low maximum for the date and only the 8 th time since 1871 when the daily maximum temperature was 38 degrees or lower for so late in the spring season. Windy conditions of March continued for much of the time in April. The wind gusted to over 20 mph on 26 days at Indianapolis. The maximum wind gust was 47 mph on the 29 th. At the close of April, the lowest reaches of the White and Wabash River were at bankfull levels while streams in central Indiana were at near normal levels. Soils were on the wet side in central Indiana to very wet in southern Indiana. The lawns and pastures were actively growing in central Indiana with many trees beginning to blossom and/or leaf out.

34 Pictured above is the west side of the Indianapolis Weather office. Water pooled and flowed down the slope following 2 inches of rainfall on the 3 rd. Pictured below is the area the water flowed and ponded.

35 Pictured above is the few tenths of an inch of snow that fell during the morning of the 15 th. Pictured below is a heavy snow shower that occurred later in the morning. The snow did not remain on the ground very long because of warm condtions on the 13 th.

36 Pictured above is the sunny and windy first day of April. Pictured below is the sunny and windy 29 th day of April. Notice the actively growing grass with trees beginning to bloom and leaf out.

37 April 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. April 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

38 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 4/25/2014 Flood Stage Report April 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Driftwood River... Edinburgh 1.5 SW IN / / / Eagle Creek... Zionsville IN / Clermont 1 NE IN / Speedway IN / East Fork White Lick Creek... Bridgeport IN / Camby 2 NNW IN / Mooresville IN / East Fork White River... Columbus IN / / / Rockford IN / / / Rivervale IN / / / Bedford Boat Club IN / / / Williams IN / / / Shoals IN / / / East Fork Whitewater River... Abington IN / Eel River... Bowling Green IN / / / Elliott Ditch... Lafayette IN / Elston (LAF area) IN / Embarras River... Lawrenceville IL / Fall Creek... Fortville IN / Millersville IN / Flatrock River... Raleigh IN / Rushville IN / St. Paul IN / Columbus IN / French Lick Creek... West Baden Springs IN / Haw Creek... Hope IN / Clifford 1.2 SE IN /

39 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 4/25/2014 Flood Stage Report April 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Indian-Kentuck Creek... Canaan IN / Leary-Weber Ditch... Mohawk IN / Lick Creek... Beech Grove IN / Lick Creek (Orange Co)... Paoli IN / Little Blue River... Walkerville IN / Little Buck Creek... Indianapolis IN / Little Eagle Creek... Speedway IN / Little Pine Creek... Montmorenci 1.5 SW IN / Lost River... Bromer 3NE IN / Proscept IN / Middle Fork Anderson River... Bristow IN / Mill Creek... Cataract IN / Manhattan IN / Mississinewa River... Ridgeville IN / Mud Creek... Fishers IN / Muscatatuck River... Deputy IN / Vernon 1SW IN / Wheeler Hollow IN / North Fork Embarras River... Oblong IL / Patoka River... Patoka Lake TW IN / Jasper IN /

40 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 4/25/2014 Flood Stage Report April 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Patoka River continued... Winslow IN / Princeton IN / Pigeon Creek... Fort Branch IN / Pleasant Run... Arlington Ave in IND IN / Plum Creek... Bainbridge IN / Pogues Run... Above Dam near I-70 IN / Vermont St in Indy IN / Prairie Creek... Lebanon IN / Salt Creek... Harrodsburg IN / Sand Creek... Fishers IN / Silver Creek... Sellersburg IN / South Fork Wildcat Creek... Lafayette IN / Stony Creek... Fishersburg IN / Noblesville 1SE IN / Sugar Cr... New Palestine IN / Edinburgh IN / Sugar Creek... Crawfordsville IN / Tippecanoe River... Monticello IN / Oakdale Public Acc IN / Delphi IN / Pretty Prairie Rd IN / Vermilion River... Danville IL /

41 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 4/25/2014 Flood Stage Report April 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Wabash River... Logansport IN / State Road 225 IN / Lafayette IN / / / Covington IN / / / Montezuma IN / / / Terre Haute IN / SR 154 Bridge IN / Riverton IN / / / Vincennes IN / / / Mount Carmel IL / / / New Harmony IN / West Fork Blue River... Salem IN / Whiskey Run... Marengo IN / White Lick Creek... Mooresville IN / White River... Muncie IN / / / Anderson 10th St. IN / / / Anderson Raible Ave. IN / Noblesville IN / / / st nr Noblesville IN / Nora IN / / / Keystone Ave. Br. IN / Ravenswood IN / / / Broad Ripple Dam IN / Broad Ripple IN / Rocky Ripple IN / Indpls Museum of Art IN / IMA Lake IN / IUPUI at Michigan St IN / Indpls Raymond St. IN / Stout Power Plant IN / Centerton 1S IN / / / Centerton IN / / / Spencer IN / / / Worthington IN / Elliston IN / / / Newberry IN / / / Edwardsport IN / / / SR 358 Bridge IN / Petersburg Power Plt IN / Petersburg IN / / / Hazleton IN / / / Old US Highway 41 IN /

42 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 4/25/2014 Flood Stage Report April 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Whitewater River... Economy IN / Alpine IN / Brookville IN / Wildcat Creek... Jerome 1 SE IN / Kokomo IN / Owasco IN / Lafayette IN / William Lock Ditch... Durbin (Near) IN / Williams Creek... Home Place 2 SW IN / Youngs Creek... Amity IN /

43 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): May 2014 DATE: June 9, 2014 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. Overall May 2014 was near normal for precipitation and temperatures for central and southern Indiana. The most active weather portion of the month was from the 11 th through 21 st when storms provided most of May s rainfall. Elevated river levels and lowland flooding followed from the excessive rainfall. Dry weather prevailed in central and southern Indiana for the first 8 days of the month. The wet agricultural fields of late April dried and farmers planted much of the corn and soybean crop by the 10 th. The wettest period of May was from the 11 th through the 21 st. Storms dropped rainfall of 3 to 6 inches in central and southern Indiana from the 11 th through the 14 th. This caused lowland flooding along portions of the Wabash, White, East Fork White, and Muscatatuck Rivers in western and southern Indiana. River flooding began on the 14 th and peaked by the 18 th. As flooding was about to end, strong storms on the 21 st dropped 1 to 3 inches of rainfall on much of the same area and caused renewed lowland flooding. Prolonged dry conditions from the 22 nd through the end of the month allowed river flooding to end by the 27 th. The biggest severe weather event of the month occurred on the afternoon of the 21st into the early morning of the 22 nd. Wind damage and large hail were common with these storms in central Indiana. Baseball sized hail was confirmed in Waveland with numerous reports of half dollar to golf ball size hail on the south side of Indianapolis. Flash flooding followed after 3 inches of rain fell in portions of central Indiana. Scattered severe weather also occurred on the 11 th. Large hail and a funnel cloud were reported in Rush County. Other storms that day produced wind damage and up to half dollar sized hail. On the 16 th

44 small hail and a few cold air funnels were observed in west central and central Indiana. May rainfall totals ranged from near 2 inches in southeast Indiana to over 8 inches in south central Indiana. Much of the state received between 3 and 6 inches of rainfall during May. Because convective storms provided all the rainfall during May, rainfall amounts varied widely over rather small distances. Central and southern Indiana, which received an overabundance of rain in April, saw less in May; while the drier areas of northern Indiana received more. There were two precipitation regimes in May for the Indianapolis area and a fair portion of central and southern Indiana; wet or dry. Rainfall totaled 4.81 inches at the Indianapolis airport from the 11th though the 21 st. This was the fourth highest of record for this period and the most since the 5.58 inches of May On the dry side, rainfall of only 0.04 inches was recorded during the first 10 days of May at the Indianapolis airport. This was the 7th driest of record and the driest start to May in 34 years. The 0.02 inches of rainfall for the last 10 days of May was 6th driest of record and the driest end to May in 45 years. Monthly temperatures for May averaged slightly above normal to 3 degrees above normal across the state during May. This was the first time temperatures in central Indiana averaged above normal since September. The highest temperature during the month approached 90 degrees on the 8 th in northern Indiana and the 27 th or 30 th in central and southern Indiana. Early morning lows dipped into the mid to upper 30s from the 16 th through the 18 th. May began on the cool side with highs only in the 50s and warmed into the upper 70s and lower 80s by the 7 th. A pronounced cold spell returned from the 14 th through the 18 th. Afternoon temperatures reached only into the 50s and low 60s. Warmer weather returned on the 20 th and remained through the end of the month. Windy conditions continued for much of May. The wind gusted to over 20 mph on 25 days at Indianapolis. The maximum wind gust was 50 mph on the 21 st. At the close of May, rivers and streams were at or below seasonal levels. According to the Indiana Crop Report for the week ending June 1 st, soils contained adequate moisture in nearly 70 percent of the state and were on the dry side in 10 percent of Indiana. The report also indicated that corn and soybean planting was nearly complete.

45 Pictured above is a farmer planting the field immediately south of the Indianapolis Weather office on the 8 th. After a wet April, the dry start to May allowed farmers to plant much of their acreage. Pictured above is the sunset on the 10 th. This was the driest first 10 days of May for the Indianapolis area since May 1980.

46 Pictured above are storm clouds during the afteroon of the 11 th. This was the beginning of a stormy and wet period for central Indiana. Pictured above is the wet field immediately south of the Indianapolis Weather Office on the 22 nd. Contrast this picture with the same field during dry condtions on the 8 th. Almost all of May s rainfall at Indianapolis fell between the 11 th and 21 st.

47 Pictured above is hail coverage on the south side of Indianapolis durng the afternoon of the 21 st. Some hail was the size of golf balls as shown in the picture below.

48 May 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. May 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

49 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 6/04/2014 Flood Stage Report May 2015 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Beaver Creek... Shoals 2.5 E, IN / Buck Creek... Acton, IN / Busseron Creek... Carlisle, IN / Driftwood River... Edinburgh 1.5 SW, IN / / / East Fork White Lick Creek... Bridgeport, IN / East Fork White River... Columbus, IN / Rockford, IN / / / Rivervale, IN / Rivervale, IN / Williams, IN / Shoals, IN / Embarras River... Lawrenceville, IL / Flatrock River... Raleigh, IN / Rushville, IN / French Lick Creek... Tucker Lake, IN / French Lick, IN / West Baden Springs, IN / Haw Creek... Hope, IN / Clifford 1.2 SE, IN / Leary-Weber Ditch... Mohawk, IN / Lick Creek (Orange Co)... Paoli, IN / Little Eagle Creek... Speedway, IN / Lost River... Bromer 3NE, IN / Prospect, IN /

50 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 6/04/2014 Flood Stage Report May 2015 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Mud Creek... Fishers, IN / Muscatatuck River... Deputy, IN / Wheeler Hollow, IN / Wheeler Hollow, IN / North Fork Embarras River... Oblong, IL / Prairie Creek... Lebanon, IN / Salt Creek... Harrodsburg, IN / Sand Creek... Fishers, IN / Sugar Cr... Edinburgh, IN / Sugar Creek... Crawfordsville, IN / Tippecanoe River... Monticello, IN ,430 cfs 5/ Oakdale Public Acc, IN / Delphi, IN / Pretty Prairie Rd, IN / Wabash River... Logansport, IN / State Road 225, IN / Lafayette, IN / / / Covington, IN / / / Montezuma, IN / / / Terre Haute, IN / / / SR 154 Bridge, IN / Riverton, IN / / / Vincennes, IN / Mount Carmel, IL / New Harmony, IN /

51 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 6/04/2014 Flood Stage Report May 2015 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time White River... Spencer, IN / / / Worthington, IN / Elliston, IN / / / Newberry, IN / / / Edwardsport, IN / / / SR 358 Bridge, IN / Petersburg Power Plt, IN / Petersburg, IN / / / Old US Highway 41, IN / / / Wildcat Creek... Lafayette, IN / Youngs Creek... Amity, IN /

52 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): June 2014 DATE: July 8, 2014 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. June was an active weather month with frequent rains. Three small tornadoes in central Indiana on the 24 th caused property damage, but no injuries. River flooding developed at times and lasted only a few days. River flooding was not widespread during the month. The month of June had three particularly wet periods. After a rather prolonged dry spell during the last third of May, three daily rain events from the afternoon of the 1 st through the 4 th dropped 1 to 6 inches of rain in much of central and southern Indiana. The last of this series of heavy rains produced flash flooding in the Honey Creek area of Terre Haute late on the 3 rd and early on the 4 th. Localized flooding also occurred in the Indianapolis area and in portions of Jennings County. Limited river flooding followed from the 5 th through the 8 th in the East Fork White River Basin in Jackson County. High water lasted less than 2 days. Less than a week later, heavy rains returned on the evening of the 10 th to portions of east central Illinois, west central Indiana, and southwest Indiana. Rainfall of 3 to 5 inches pushed the Wabash River quickly above flood stage from Covington to Riverton. Flood crests were as high as or slightly higher than levels seen in May. Flooding lasted from the 11 th through the 15 th. The White River in southwest Indiana approached bankfull levels from Elliston to Hazleton after this rain. The wettest period in June was from 18 th through the 25 th when 6 to more than 8 inches of rain fell in northwest, east central, and portions of central Indiana. Heavy rains of 2 to more than 4 inches early on the 19 th in portions of east central Indiana caused significant flooding to develop quickly in the headwaters of the Mississinewa River at Ridgeville. Localized flood problems also followed in other areas of Delaware, Randolph, and Wayne Counties.

53 The biggest rains of June fell in northwest Indiana on the evening of the 23 rd. Local observers in Porter County reported up to 6 inches of rain. Significant flooding followed along portions of the Iroquois and Kankakee Rivers in northwest Indiana. The following day, 1 to 4 inches of rain fell in portions of central Indiana. The heaviest rain of 3 to 4 inches occurred in portions of Clay and Owen Counties. Because of the very wet conditions in Randolph County, significant flooding returned to the Ridgeville area for the second time in less than a week following a local downpour of 2 inches of rain. Daily rains continued for the remainder of June, but the intensity and coverage diminished markedly. Storms and rather intense rains of 1 to 3 inches returned to portions of west central and northwest Indiana at the very end of June and beginning of July. Monthly rainfall for June was normal to much above normal for most of Indiana with below normal rains noted in portions of south central and northeast Indiana. Monthly totals measured from 1.5 inches in south central Indiana to 13 inches in northwest Indiana. Much of the state received between 4 and 8 inches of rain during June. Measurable rainfall occurred almost daily in the state, with rain falling on one third to one half of the days during June for a specific location. A dry spell developed in parts southern Indiana after the 12 th and persisted into early July. The U.S. Drought Monitor for the weeks ending June 24 th and July 1 st indicated abnormally dry conditions in portions of south central Indiana. June was an active severe weather month. The biggest severe outbreak occurred during the afternoon of the 24 th as one storm produced three separate tornadoes. The strongest tornado, rated an EF-1, touched down just east of Plainfield and damaged about 125 homes in eastern Hendricks and western Marion Counties and more than 200 cars at an auto auction. The other two tornadoes were in rural Owen and Morgan Counties. Earlier in June, a weak tornado occurred in Greene County on the 10 th and caused little damage. Monthly temperatures for June averaged from one half to two degrees above normal. The warmest period during the month was the 17 th through the 19 th when the afternoon temperatures reached into the upper 80 and lower 90s. The coolest morning was the 14 th when temperatures dipped into the upper 40s and lower 50s. June began on the warm side with highs in the upper 80s and lows in the middle to lower 60s. Cooler weather returned on the 5 th and remained through the 14 th. Afternoon highs were mostly in the 70s and morning lows mainly in the 50s and low 60s. Following two pleasant days on the 13 th and 14 th, warm and humid summer weather arrived by the end of the 15 th and continued through the 30 th. Afternoon highs were

54 generally in the middle to upper 80s and morning lows only in the upper 60s and lower 70s. The frequent rains and humid conditions the last half of June created challenges to farmers trying to make hay and difficult to work fields. Local flooding stunted or killed emerging seedlings in the wetter areas of the state. At the end of June, rivers were receding in most areas, but remained above the seasonal normal. Field moisture was adequate to surplus in nearly 95 percent of the agricultural lands. Pictured above is an approaching storm on the last day of June at the Indianapolis Weather office.

55 Pictured above is the field immediately south of the Indianapolis Weather office on the 3 rd after the first inch of rain in June. The last 10 days of May were dry. Pictured below is the same field on the 11 th during the wet and cool part of June.

56 Pictured above is Monroe Lake on the 18 th at pool elevation of feet above MSL. Summer weather had arrived as conditions were warm and humid. Pictured above is a view of Purdue Farm near Oolitic from the only Climate Research Network site in Indiana on the 18 th. The weather was warm and humid.

57 Pictured above is the East Fork White River at US Highway 50 looking east on the 18 th. The Rivervale stage was 7.4 feet and Williams was 2.9 feet. Pictured above is a distant storm cloud looking southeast from the office during the afternoon of the 28 th.

58 Pictured above is funnel cloud on the 24 th as seen from 5736 North Michigan Road looking southwest. Pictured below is tornado damage on the far eastern part of Plainfield in the vicintiy of Raceway Road and CR 200S.

59 June 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. June 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

60 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 6/30/2014 Flood Stage Report June 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Brush Creek... Nebraska, IN / Eagle Creek... Zionsville, IN / East Fork White Lick Creek... Bridgeport, IN / Camby 2 NNW, IN / Mooresville, IN / East Fork White River... Rockford, IN / / / Rivervale, IN / Little Eagle Creek... Speedway, IN / Mississinewa River... Ridgeville, IN / Ridgeville, IN / Muscatatuck River... Vernon 1SW, IN / Wheeler Hollow, IN / Prairie Creek... Lebanon, IN / Salt Creek... Harrodsburg, IN / Tippecanoe River... Monticello, IN / Oakdale Public Acc, IN / Delphi, IN / Pretty Prairie Rd, IN / Vermilion River... Danville, IL / Wabash River... Covington, IN / / / Montezuma, IN / / / Terre Haute, IN / / / SR 154 Bridge, IN / Riverton, IN / / / Vincennes, IN / White River... Muncie, IN /

61 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 6/30/2014 Flood Stage Report June 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Whitewater River... Economy, IN / Youngs Creek... Amity, IN /

62 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): July 2014 DATE: August 7, 2014 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. July 2014 was one of the coolest Julys of record for Indiana. Pleasant temperatures continued almost the entire month for much of the state. Below normal rainfall allowed the wet areas of northern Indiana to dry during July. Flooding during July was confined to only one small stream in the Indianapolis HSA. This was the first month without river flooding since November July 2014 featured little summer heat in central and northern Indiana and near record to record cool monthly average temperatures. After beginning the month on a warm note, below normal temperatures prevailed nearly the entire month. Following the 1 st, above normal temperatures occurred only on the 13 th and 22 nd. For the Indianapolis area, this was the coolest July of record surpassing the previously record cool July 1947 by one-half of a degree. July 2014 was in stark comparison to just two years ago when the Indianapolis area experienced its hottest month of record. The monthly average temperature was nearly 14 degrees cooler than Weather at Indianapolis during July 2014 was very similar to July now the third coolest July of record. Maximum temperatures remained below 80 degrees for a record 16 days during the month. This broke the old mark of 14 days set in July Low temperatures fell below 60 degrees on 13 days this month, one day shy of tying the mark of 14 days set in July Monthly temperatures were below normal in southern Indiana in July, but not quite as extreme as in central and northern Indiana. The only 90-degree weather experienced in the state during July happened in portions of southern Indiana. This was the tenth July that the Indianapolis area did not see 90 degree weather. The last time was 2009.

63 Overall, monthly temperatures ranged from 3 to more than 6 degrees below normal. July 2014 was the 2 nd coolest July of record for the state since 1895 and the coolest since The warmest day of the month was the 22 nd with afternoon temperatures in the upper 80s to lower 90s. The coolest mornings were the 4 th, 17 th, and 29 th when readings dipped into the upper 40s and lower 50s. The wet areas of northwest and west central Indiana dried out during July as rain became more sporadic. Showers and thunderstorms during the 1 st -3 rd, 7 th -8 th, and 12 th -14 th dropped from a few hundredths to over 3 inches of rain for each event. A dry period began on the 15 th and continued through the 22 nd. The Indianapolis area received record rainfall for the day on the 23 rd. Rains of 1 to nearly 3 inches fell in much of the Indianapolis metropolitan area on the 23rd and caused minor flooding along Pleasant Run on the east side of Indianapolis. Similar rainfall followed in southern Indiana on the 26 th and 27 th and caused local flooding in Jackson and Jennings Counties. These were the only flooding events during the month. An upper level low persisting from the 29 th -31 st brought daily rains of up to an inch or more to portions of central and northern Indiana. This rain helped the local crops and vegetation. Total monthly rainfall during July ranged from slightly over an inch in parts of northeast Indiana to more than 7 inches in portions of southeast Indiana. Monthly precipitation was below normal north of a line from Terre Haute to Liberty Indiana and normal to above normal south. Much of the state received between 2 and 5 inches of rain during July. Severe weather impacted central Indiana early on the 1 st as the winds gusted to 71 mph at the Indianapolis airport. Reports of wind damage came from the nearby Avon and Greenwood areas. Other severe weather events during July produced damaging winds and/or large hail on the 7 th, 14 th, 26 th, and 27 th. Rains at the end of June and beginning of July pushed the Wabash River to near bankfull levels from Montezuma to Riverton in west central Indiana at the beginning of July. After the 5 th, the rivers remained at low levels for the remainder of the month. At the end of July, streams and rivers were at seasonal levels. As August began, nearly 30 percent of the agricultural fields needed moisture according to the August 4 th Indiana Crop Report. The cool weather benefited the corn and soybeans crops as 70 percent or higher were rated in good to excellent condition.

64 Pictured above is the weather during the first cool spell in central Indiana. The max temperature on the Fourth of July was 80 degrees following a morning low of 53 degrees at the Indianapolis Airport. Pictured below is the weather during the second cool spell in central Indiana. The max temperature on the 15 th was 71 degrees at the airport...the coolest for the date since the record low max of 70 degrees was set in 1987.

65 Pictured above is the Indianapolis Water Canal at the Indianapolis Museum of Arts on the 31 st. Weather conditions were moderating on the last day of the month in central Indiana. Pictured above is the new radar gage for the East Fork White River on the SR 46 bridge at Columbus on the 7 th. The river stage was 0.9 feet.

66 Picture above is a downstream view of the Flatrock River at the US Highway 31 Bridge on the north side of Columbus on the 7 th. The river stage was 3.5 feet. Pictured above is a downstream view of Clifty Creek on the 7 th at SR 46 bridge just outside of Columbus. The river stage was 4.4 feet.

67 Pictured above is an upstream view of the Vernon Fork of the Muscatatuck River at the North Vernon gage site. The river stage was 2.5 feet on the 7 th. Pictured below is an upstream view of Brush Creek at the Nebraska area gage site. The river stage was 1.8 feet on the 7 th.

68 Pictured above is the White River on the last day of July looking downstream from the Indianapolis Museum of Arts gage site. The river stage was 3.7 feet. Pictured above are the grounds of the Indianapolis Museum of Art on the morning of the last day of July.

69 July 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. July 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

70 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 7/31/2014 Flood Stage Report July 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Pleasant Run at Arlington Ave. Indianapolis, IN /

71 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): August 2014 DATE: September 3, 2014 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. August 2014 was warmer and in many areas wetter than July Significant flooding developed quickly during the month following near record daily rainfall for the state of Indiana. The pleasant summer weather of July and the first half of August gave way to very warm and humid dog days of August weather in the latter portion of the month. Frequent rains and active weather prevailed during the second half of the month. The pleasant weather of July continued nearly uninterrupted through the 15 th. Sporadic rainfall, especially in northern Indiana, left many areas in need of rain. Most of the state received less than an inch of rain during this time, while some favored areas totaled 2 or more inches. The August 12 th U.S. Drought Monitor depicted a portion of northern Indiana as abnormally dry for the first time this summer as a result of continued dry weather that persisted since early July. An active weather pattern began on the 16 th and continued into early September. The greatest rainfall for the state since June 2008 occurred on the 21 st -22 nd. Rain of 3 to nearly 11 inches fell in less than 36 hours in the previously dry areas of northern and east central Indiana. Flash flooding on the 22 nd closed I-69 near the SR 18 interchange and affected some residential areas. The epicenter of the heavy rain was Blackford County in east central Indiana. An observer in the Hartford City area measured more than 10.5 inches for his daily observation on the 22 nd. A new state daily rainfall record could not be declared since site requirements were not met. Significant river flooding quickly developed along the Mississinewa River following the rains of the 22 nd. Flooding lasted less than 24 hours because of the prior dry conditions and since little additional rainfall fell in eastern Indiana the following week. Minor flooding and near bankfull conditions followed nearly as fast along the

72 Tippecanoe, Wabash, and White Rivers in east central and north central Indiana. Significant rises followed 3 to 7 days later in downstream areas along the White and Wabash Rivers in central, southern, and western Indiana. Rainfall during August was not distributed equally. After dry weather prevailed in many areas during the first 15 days, much of the state received 2 to 6 inches of rainfall during the last half of August. Showers and thunderstorms developed almost daily from the 16 th through the 31 st. Locally heavy rainfall of 1 to 3 or more inches fell nearly each day somewhere in Indiana. Monthly rainfall for August measured from near 2 inches in portions of southeast, north central, and northeast Indiana to over 13 inches in northwest, east central, and southwest sections of the state. Within local areas, monthly rainfall amounts varied greatly over relatively short distances. Much of the state received between 3 and 8 inches of rain during the month. Overall, monthly rainfall ranged from near normal to much above normal across most of the state. The pleasant summer weather of July and the first half of August transitioned into the dog days of August by the 21 st. Following the coolest weather for July and August since 2004 on the 15 th, the Indianapolis area experienced its first 90-degree day of the year on the 25 th. In years with 90-degree weather, this was the latest first 90-degree day at the Indianapolis airport since September 1, The year 2004 was the only year when the temperature failed to reach 90 degrees in the Indianapolis area. Weather records began at Indianapolis in The cool temperatures during the first half of August nearly balanced the warm temperatures of the second half for most areas in the state. As a result, monthly temperatures averaged near normal to 1 degree above normal across Indiana. The warmest weather for the month and year to date occurred on the afternoons of the 25 th and the 26 th when temperatures reached in the upper 80s to middle 90s. The coolest morning was the 15 th when readings dropped into the 40s in central and northern Indiana and lower to middle 50s in southern Indiana. Daily temperatures approached or exceeded 90 degrees two to ten times during the month. Severe weather impacted portions of central Indiana on the afternoon and evenings of the 19 th, 21 st, 23 rd, and 26 th. The biggest event was on the 21 st with hail up to two inches in diameter in southeast Tippecanoe County and wind damage to structures and trees in the Lafayette, Lebanon, Noblesville, and Anderson areas. Streams and rivers were above seasonal levels in the Wabash drainage area at the close of August. The Indiana Weekly Crop Report dated August 31 st indicated that more than 85 percent of the farm fields had adequate to surplus moisture and that 70 percent or more of the corn and soybean crop was in good to excellent condition.

73 Pictured above is the cool morning of the 15 th when the temperature dipped to 49 degrees at the airport. This was the coolest morning for July or August at the airport since August 12, Pictured below is the Cummins Engine Plant in Columbus on the 15 th. The weather felt like early October. The plant is protected from flooding by Haw Creek with a levee and a flood wall.

74 Pictured above is the State Street Bridge over Haw Creek at Columbus in the distance. A river gage may be installed at this location in the near future. Pictured below is the Cummins Technical Center at Columbus. A flood wall immediately in front of the building protects the center in the event of Haw Creek flooding.

75 Pictured above is the Columbus Regional Hospital on the early afternoon of the 15 th. A flood wall protects the hosipital in the event of Haw Creek flooding. Pictured below are the Dog Days of August weather at WFO Indianapolis. This was the warmest weather of the year to date. Temperatures reached or exceeded 90 degrees on both the 25 th and 26 th.

76 August 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. August 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

77 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 8/31/2014 Flood Stage Report August 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time East Fork White Lick Creek... Bridgeport IN / Mississinewa River... Ridgeville IN / Tippecanoe River... Monticello IN. 9,000cfs 12,000cfs 8/ Oakdale Public Acc IN / Delphi IN / Pretty Prairie Rd IN / Wabash River... Logansport IN / Americus IN / Lafayette IN / Covington IN / Montezuma IN / Terre Haute IN / SR 154 Bridge IN / Riverton IN / Vincennes IN / White River... Muncie IN / Whitewater River Economy, IN / Wildcat Creek... Lafayette IN /

78 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): September 2014 DATE: October 2, 2014 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. September 2014 was a pleasant month. The active weather pattern which began during the middle of August ended on the 15 th. Sunny, blue skies and tranquil weather prevailed during most of the last half of the month. Warm and dry conditions during the last days of the month were very beneficial to the agricultural community. All of the significant precipitation events during September occurred during the first three weeks. Parts of the state received heavy rains of 2 to 4 inches on the 2 nd, the 6 th, the 10 th -11 th, and the 20 th - 21 st. Brief, minor flooding accompanied the heavier rains. The most active weather day was the 10 th, when storms during the late afternoon and evening also brought damaging winds to parts of the state. After the 15 th, portions of central and much of southern Indiana received little or no rain. The last 15 days of September were the driest in 25 years for the Indianapolis area. The airport measured only 0.07 inches of rainfall during this period. Overall, monthly rainfall ranged from below normal in southern Indiana to above normal in northern Indiana. Monthly totals measured from around 1.25 inches in east central Indiana to nearly 9 inches in northwest Indiana. Most of the state received between 2 and 5 inches of rain during the month. September began on a warm note. The 4 th and 5 th were among the warmest days of the year as heat indices approached 100 degrees in much of the region. A cold front ushered in fall-like weather that dominated the month from the 6 th through the 24 th. Afternoon temperatures generally reached into the 60s and 70s following morning lows that were mostly in the 40s and 50s. Dry, summer-like weather returned on the 25 th and continued through the 29 th. September ended with sunny, cool weather. As a result of the prolonged fall-like weather, monthly temperatures averaged from 3 degrees below normal to normal. The warmest day of the month was the 5 th when afternoon highs reached into the upper 80s

79 and low 90s. The coolest mornings were the 14 th, 17 th, and 23 rd temperatures dipped into the upper 30s and low to middle 40s. when Streams and rivers returned to seasonal levels in the Wabash drainage area by the close of the month as a result of the dry spell after the 15 th. The Indiana Weekly Crop Report dated September 28 th indicated that more than 85 percent of the farm fields had adequate to surplus moisture and that 70 percent or more of the corn and soybean crop was in good to excellent condition. Pictured above is warmest afternoon of the month when the temperature reached 90 degrees with a heat index of 97 degrees on the 5 th at WFO Indianapolis. Pictured below is a grove trees on the west side of WFO Indianapolis during the late morning on the 18 th when the temperature was 61 degrees. Temperatures were below normal from the 11 th through the 19 th.

80 Pictured above is the lake at Avon Park located on the west side of Indianapolis when the afternoon temperature only reached 68 degrees on the 14 th. Pictured above is a view of the hills in Brown County State Park following morning temperatures in the upper 40s on the 18 th.

81 Pictured below is typical day at WFO Indianapolis near the end of September. Sunny skies, dry conditions, and tranquil weather prevailed. Pictured below are early leaf changes along SR 267 at the Avon Library on the 28 th. The library is located immediately west of Indianapolis.

82 September 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. September 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

83 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 9/25/2014 Flood Stage Report September 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Elliott Ditch... Lafayette IN / Elston / Little Eagle Creek... Speedway IN / Little Pine Creek... Montmorenci 1.5 SW IN / Tippecanoe River... Monticello IN. 9,000cfs 9,150cfs 9/ Monticello IN. 9,000cfs 10,925cfs 9/ Oakdale Public Acc IN / Oakdale Public Acc IN / Delphi IN / Delphi IN / Pretty Prairie Rd IN / Pretty Prairie Rd IN /

84 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): October 2014 DATE: November 6, 2014 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). X An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. October 2014 continued the transition from more summer like temperatures to temperatures more typical of autumn. The month began on the warm side and closed with the coldest weather to date of the fall season. A prolonged wet spell during the first half of the month slowed agricultural activity in the state. The dry spell that persisted in much of Indiana since the middle of September ended in early October. Rainfall during the first half of October ranged from 1 to nearly 9 inches. The wettest area was west central Indiana and the driest was northeast Indiana. Heavy rains of 3 to 7 inches in west central sections on the 2 nd -3 rd and 3 to more than 4 inches on the 12 th -14 th in southern areas were the dominant rain events. A drier weather pattern began on the 16 th and continued for the remainder the month. Most of Indiana received only one-half to an inch of rainfall during the last half of October. The weather was especially dry in southern Indiana where little or no rain fell from the 16 th through the 27 th. This brief dry spell ended on the 28 th when portions of southern Indiana received up to an inch of rain. Many central Indiana areas saw their first taste of winter when light snow fell during the afternoon and evening of the 31 st. For the Indianapolis area, the one-tenth of an inch of snow measured tied for the most snow on Halloween set on October 31, This was also the first time snow was observed on Halloween since October began warm and dry with highs in the 70s and 80s, but turned much cooler on the 3 rd as temperatures plunged and remained in the 40s on the 4 th. The cool weather persisted through the 12 th. Mild weather returned briefly on the 13 th as afternoon readings reached into the 70s. Near normal temperatures continued from the 14 th through the 21 st. The nicest stretch of weather for the month began on the 22 nd and lasted through the 27 th. Early September-like weather on the 27 th was

85 the warmest for so late in the season at Indianapolis in 15 years. The afternoon high of 80 was the 14 th such occurrence for so late in the year since weather records began in Less than 3 days later, temperatures dipped into the low 30s on the 30 th. Wintry conditions prevailed on Halloween as temperatures fell into the 30s with wind gusts up to 45 mph. Many parts of central Indiana saw the first snowflakes of the season. Limited severe weather occurred during October in central Indiana. On the 7 th, a weak tornado southeast of Cloverdale in Putnam County did minor damage to cornstalks in a field and a few nearby trees. Strong winds on the evening of the 13 th downed trees and power lines in a few locations across Knox and Lawrence Counties in southern Indiana. For the month, the warm and cold weather regimes nearly balanced each other as temperatures averaged two degrees below normal to one degree above normal. The warmest temperatures of the month occurred on the 2 nd or 27 th as temperatures reached into the 80s. The coolest readings were on the mornings of the 23 rd and 30 th or the late evening of the 31 st as temperatures dropped into the 30s. Temperatures fell to freezing or below on 1 to 2 days in several areas of central and northern Indiana. October rainfall ranged from near normal in northern Indiana to much above normal in west central Indiana. Monthly totals measured from near 2 inches in north central Indiana to nearly 10 inches in west central Indiana. Much of northern Indiana received between 2.5 and 5 inches of rain while most of west central and southern Indiana measured 4 to 6 inches. Measurable precipitation fell on 12 to 16 days and some areas received an inch or more of rainfall on 1 to 2 days. As a result of wet conditions, rivers and streams remained above seasonal levels during the month. The Wabash River from Lafayette to Vincennes approached bankfull levels from the 3 rd to the 10 th and again from the 14 th to the 22 nd. The White and East Fork White Rivers saw elevated levels from the 15 th through the 22 nd. The wet conditions during the month slowed corn and soybean harvest and delayed winter wheat planting. Harvest and planting remained behind the normal pace at the close of the month.

86 The picture above shows WFO Indianapolis on a warm and humid 2 nd of October. The temperature reached 81 degrees that afternoon. This was only one degree warmer than the weather on the 27 th. Pictured below is the total eclipse of the moon at Vincennes on the morning of the 8 th taken by Sam Sievers.

87 Pictured above is a dreary day for the Indianapolis area on the 15 th. The temperature remained near 55 degrees the entire day. Pictured below is the part of the former Wabash and Erie Canal at Delphi on the 17 th. Sunny and seasonal conditions prevailed much of the day.

88 Pictured above is the afternoon of the 27 th. This was the warmest weather for so late in the fall season at WFO Indianapolis since Pictured below is the frosty, cold morning of the 30 th. This was the latest frost at the official Indianapolis weather site since since The temperature went from 80 degrees to 34 degrees in less than 72 hours.

89 October 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. October 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

90 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): November 2014 DATE: December 2, 2014 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. November 2014 was among the snowiest and nearly the coldest November of record for the state of Indiana. The cold weather pattern that began on Halloween lasted nearly the entire month. The first four weeks of November were the coldest in some areas of central and southern Indiana since November The weather during the coldest portions of November was more typical of January. November began cold, but quickly warmed into 60s on the 3 rd. The weather remained nearly seasonable through the 11 th. A cold front passage late on the 11 th ushered in the first wave of arctic air. Lake effect snow of more than 12 inches fell in the South Bend area on the 13 th. With below freezing weather in place for four days, accumulating snow of 1 to 5 inches fell in central and southern Indiana late on the 16 th and early on the 17 th. Snowfall on the 16 th and 17 th was heaviest in southern Indiana. Both snow events were the largest for November in many areas since After the snow, temperatures plummeted to their lowest levels for so early in the season in central and southern Indiana since November On the 18 th, afternoon highs failed to reach 20 degrees in many central Indiana areas following morning lows in the single digits and wind chill readings below zero. The bitter cold weather, which lasted through the 21 st, was nearly the coldest three week start for November at Indianapolis since weather records began in The only colder three week start was November The arctic air quickly retreated on the 22 nd. Temperatures warmed sharply into the 50s and melted all the snow cover. The biggest and most widespread rain event during November followed on the 23 rd and early on the 24 th. Rainfall of 1 to 3 inches caused elevated levels to minor flooding in most streams and rivers of central and southern Indiana. Lowland flooding along the Wabash River in western Indiana extended from Lafayette to near Vincennes and lasted until the end of the month.

91 The last arctic air penetration of the month quickly returned on the 24 th and persisted through the 28 th. The first 28 days of November in some central and southern Indiana locations were the coldest since November Following a dramatic warm up on the 29 th and the 30 th, afternoon readings on the 30 th soared into the low 70s near the Ohio River in southwest and south central Indiana and into the middle 60s in central Indiana. This sudden surge of warm weather prevented November 2014 from becoming the coldest November of record for southwest portions of the state. November 2014 finished among the top ten coldest Novembers of record for Indiana since weather records began in the late 1800s. In central and southern Indiana, monthly average temperatures were 6 to 8 degrees below normal. For the Indianapolis area this was the coldest November since 1976 and the sixth coldest November of record since weather records begin in The warmest temperatures of the month occurred on the 3 rd or 30 th when readings reached from the middle 60s to low 70s. The coldest morning was the 18 th when temperatures dipped into the single digits and low teens. Temperatures fell to freezing or below on 18 to 20 days and remained at or below freezing on 6 to 9 days. There were four strong temperature reversals of 30 to 50 degrees in less than 36 hours during November. These occurred on the 2 nd and 3 rd, 9 th and 10 th, 21 st and 22 nd, and 29 th and 30 th. The largest was a 40 to nearly 50 degree rise from the morning on the 21 st to the afternoon of the 22 nd. November liquid precipitation was near normal in north central and northeast Indiana to below normal in the remainder of the state. Monthly totals measured from near 2 inches in northwest Indiana to 4.5 inches in extreme north central Indiana. Much of the state received between 2 and 4 inches of liquid precipitation. Snowfall during November was above normal for almost all of Indiana. Monthly snowfall totals ranged from less than an inch to near 19 inches in the South Bend area. Away from Lake Michigan, snowfall ranged from a trace to 5 inches in southern Indiana. Almost all of the snow for central and southern Indiana fell on the 16 th and 17 th with the biggest lake effect snow on the 13 th. Limited severe weather accompanied the rain on the 24 th in portions of southern Indiana. Oak trees, with a diameter of two feet, were downed in southwest Lawrence County during the early morning. At the close of November the ground was wet, but unfrozen. Only the Wabash River in western Indiana and the White River in southwest Indiana remained on the high side. Weather and field conditions prevented the completion of fall harvest.

92 Pictured above is the warm and dry weather of the 10 th when the temperature reached 62 degrees at WFO Indianapolis. Below is the windy and cold weather during the early morning of the 17 th. The snow depth is 2 inches.

93 Pictured above is the frigid and very windy morning of the 18 th when the temperature was 9 degrees with a wind chill of negative 8. Below is the very cold and windy afternoon of the 18 th when the temperature reached only 19 degrees.

94 Temperature trace on the 18 th at WFO IND. Coldest Weather for so Early in the Autumn in 55 Years The temperature dipped to 9 degrees at 6:36am on the 18 th at the Indianapolis Airport...the coldest for so early in the season since a morning low of 4 degrees on November 17, This was only the third time since weather records began in 1871 for a single digit low this early in the winter season. The weather on the 18 th was typical of a cold, brisk January day rather than the middle of November. For only the second time since 1871, the afternoon high was 19 degrees or lower for so early in the fall. The only other occurrence was 18 degrees on November 17, November 18, 2014 was the third coldest day for so early in the autumn. Only November 18, 1880 and November 17, 1959 had an average temperature of less than 14 degrees. Typically the Indianapolis area does not experience such cold weather until December 16 th. The normal high for November 18 th is 51 degrees while the normal low is 34 degrees.

95 Pictured above is the snow cover on the 18 th in the Midwest areas. Pictured below is the snowfall at Vincennes on the 16 th. Up to 5 inches fell in southwest Indiana.

96 November 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. November 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

97 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 12/01/2014 Flood Stage Report November 2014 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Location Stage From Time To Stage Date Time Flatrock River... Raleigh IN / Wabash River... Americus IN / State Road 225 IN / Lafayette IN / / / Covington IN / / / Montezuma IN / / / Terre Haute IN / / / SR 154 Bridge IN / Riverton IN / / / Vincennes IN /

98 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): December 2014 DATE: January 8, 2015 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. December 2014 was a quiet and uneventful weather month in Indiana. Following an unusually cold and rather snowy month of November, relatively mild and snowless conditions prevailed the entire month. The lack of snow during December approached or set a record for many locations in across the state. The mild weather pattern that began at the end of November continued nearly the entire month of December. As a result, nearly all of the precipitation during the month was in the form of rain. The largest rain event of the month occurred on the 5 th and 6 th. Rainfall of one to three inches in central and southern Indiana caused lowland flooding along portions of the White, East Fork White, and Muscatatuck Rivers in southern Indiana. Flooding persisted only a few days. The most widespread rain of the month followed a little more than two weeks later. Prior to Christmas, rain of one-half to one and onehalf inches occurred state-wide from the 22 nd through the 24 th. The heaviest rain fell in northern Indiana and caused bankfull levels along the Wabash River in western Indiana. For the month, rainfall totals ranged from below normal in northern and extreme southern Indiana to normal to slightly above normal in central and the remainder of southern Indiana. Monthly totals measured from near an inch in northwest Indiana to nearly five inches in portions of southern Indiana. The majority of the state received between one and one-half to four inches of rainfall. Snowfall was almost nonexistent during December in Indiana. Monthly totals ranged from a trace to one inch. All of the state received more snow during November than in December. With only one-tenth of an inch of snow in the Indianapolis area, December 2014 tied with the years 1941 and 1896 for the fourth least snowiest since snowfall records began in The mere tenth of an

99 inch of snow was the lowest for December since This was the 26 th time since snowfall records began that more snow fell in November than in December at Indianapolis. The last time this occurred was in Typically snowfall increases from less than an inch in November to nearly seven inches in December. Monthly temperatures during December averaged two to three degrees above normal in central and southern Indiana. Unusually mild weather occurred from the 13 th through the 16 th and again from the 22 nd through the 27 th. Temperatures reached into the upper 40s and at times into the low to middle 50s. The warmest weather of the month occurred around Christmas on the 23 rd and 26 th. Southerly breezes brought spring-like weather with readings in the middle 50s for a couple of days to central and southern Indiana. The coldest weather of the month and nearly of the season returned on the last day of the month. Morning lows dipped into the single digits and teens in central and southern Indiana. Temperatures were cold enough to freeze the ground to a depth of one inch at the Indianapolis weather office. This was coldest weather since November 18 th for the area. At the close of December, the ground was wet and frozen to a depth of an inch in some areas of central Indiana. There was no snow cover in the state. Rivers and streams were at normal levels for the season. Pictured above is a levee along the White River in Morgan County on December 11 th. After a mostly cloudy period in early December, skies cleared for a few hours during the afternoon.

100 Pictured above is a small herd of deer in the field south of the Indianapolis Weather Office on the frosty and foggy morning of December 12 th. The temperature dipped to 22 degrees. Pictured above is the sunset on December 21 st, the winter solstice.

101 Pictured above is the afternoon of the 23 rd when spring-like temperatures briefly invaded the area. The high temperature reached 55 degrees at the Indianapolis airport...the warmest of the month. Pictured below is the coldest morning since November 18 th when the temperature dipped to 9 degrees on the 31 st.

102 December 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. December 2014 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.