U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE

Transcription

1 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): January 2016 DATE: February 4, 2016 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. January 2016 was a typical winter month for Indiana. Following a mild and wet December, winter weather arrived for the first time this season. Relatively dry weather during the month allowed December s floods to end and streams to return to normal levels. There were two rain events during January. The first was on the 8 th and 9 th when one-half to over an inch and a half of rain fell in the state. Temperatures dropped well below freezing early on the 10 th and caused icy roadways. The second event was on the 15 th when much of the area received from one quarter to over one-half inch. This rainfall caused minor flooding of the Wabash River in western Indiana and prolonged high water conditions along the White, Wabash, and East Fork White Rivers in southern Indiana. Little precipitation fell after the 15 th and streams returned to normal by the end of the month. After a nearly snowless December, snowfall for January was near normal for northern and central Indiana to above normal in southern Indiana. Snowfall during the month ranged from slightly over 2 inches in central Indiana to more than 18 inches in the South Bend area of northern Indiana. Much of the snow in central and southern Indiana fell from the 10 th to the 24 th. Southern Indiana was on the northern edge of a crippling snow storm that struck along and south of the Ohio River and eastward to the East Coast. Southern Indiana received 1 to 9 inches of snow on the 22 nd while no snow fell in central and northern Indiana. This snowstorm created blizzard conditions on the 22 nd and 23 rd along the I-95 corridor from Virginia to New York. Snowfall totals of 18 to more than 24 inches in the Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City metropolitan areas approached or set snowfall records. Snowfall of 2 to 3 feet fell in portions of the

2 Appalachians in Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland. After one of the wettest Decembers of record, January s liquid precipitation was below normal for nearly the entire state. Melted precipitation totals ranged from less than an inch in portions of west-central and northwest Indiana to nearly 3 inches in southwest Indiana. Much of the state received between 1 and 2 inches for the month. A cold front passage during the early morning of the 10 th ended the warm weather of the first 9 days of the New Year. Two days later, a fast moving clipper system brought brief white-out conditions to central Indiana and ushered in the coldest weather of the season. Following 1 to 2 inches of snow, morning lows on the 13 th were near zero in much of the state. Single digits were noted along the Ohio River in southern Indiana. After a brief warm-up on the 14 th and 15 th, another surge of arctic air returned. On the 18 th, temperatures dropped to near zero again in much of the state as wind chill readings approached 20 below zero in central Indiana. Afternoon highs on the 18 th struggled to reach 10 degrees in central Indiana. As temperatures began to moderate, snow fell again on the 20 th as a low-pressure area moved south of the state. Much of central and southern Indiana received 2 to 4 inches of light snow. After the passage of the major winter storm that paralyzed the Appalachians and the East Coast, milder weather returned on the 25 th. April-like weather finished out the month as afternoon temperatures soared into the 60s across Indiana on the 30 th and 31 st. Overall, the average temperature for the month ranged from near normal to nearly 2 degrees above normal. The coldest mornings were the 13 th and 18 th with readings near or slightly below zero. The warmest afternoons were on the 30 th and 31 st as temperatures peaked in the 60s across most of Indiana. For the Indianapolis area, the 60-degree weather was the warmest since December 23 rd and the warmest for January since A temperature swing of 60 degrees occurred during the month. Such a temperature differential in January is typical for the area. Mild weather during the last week of January melted all of the snow cover in the state. The frost depth at the Indianapolis weather office reached 6 inches on the 22 nd and retreated to 4 inches by February 1 st. All streams were at normal levels.

3 Pictured above is the sunny, mild afternoon on the 7 th with readings near 50 degrees at the Indianapolis weather office. Real winter would begin in a few days as shown below. Pictured above is the cold, snow covered afternoon of the 15 th. Temperatures had fallen from the low 30s at midnight to 15 degrees by early afternoon. This was the first blast of arctic air for the season. Morning lows the next day were near zero. Snow depth was around 3 inches.

4 Brief, white-out conditions accompanied the passage of the clipper system during the morning of the 12 th. Pictured above is a scene from Anderson in Madison County courtesy of our Facebook friends. Pictured above is downtown Indianapolis on the cold, blustery morning of the Martin Luther King holiday, the 18th. The morning readings dipped to near zero with a wind chill of 18 degrees below zero.

5 Light fluffy snow returned to central Indiana early on the 20 th. Snow accumulated to 2 to 3 inches by late morning as temperatures rose from single digits on the 19 th to 16 degrees. Pictured above is the wintry scene immediately west of the Indianapolis Weather Office. Pictured above is downtown Lafayette during the late morning of the 28 th. Milder weather since the 24 th melted most of the snow cover. The river stage of the Wabash River was 4.6 feet.

6 Pictured above and below is the western portion of the lawn at the Indianapolis Weather Office. Temperatures rose from the middle 20s with a small pile of snow remaining on the morning of the 29 th (above) to 61 degrees during the early afternoon of the 30 th and no snow piles (below). This was the warmest weather for the Indianapolis area since December 23 rd..

7 January 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. January 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

8 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 1/19/2016 Flood Stage Report Dec 2015-Jan 2016 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Site Stage Time From To Stage Date Time Big Blue River Shelbyville 13 17:00 27-Dec 30-Dec /29/2015 0:01 Driftwood River Edinburgh 2 SW 11 22:00 27-Dec 31-Dec /29/ :00 Eagle Creek Zionsville 9 5:00 27-Dec 27-Dec /27/ :00 E.F. White River Columbus 9 18:00 28-Dec 31-Dec /30/2015 0:01 Seymour 12 18:00 24-Dec 2-Jan /29/ :00 Rivervale 20 19:00 28-Dec 5-Jan /1/ :00 Bedford 20 15:00 30-Dec 5-Jan /1/ :00 Williams 8 0:01 31-Dec 5-Jan /2/2016 2:00 Shoals 20 12:00 1-Jan 5-Jan /3/ :00 Eel River Bowling Green 15 14:00 27-Dec 30-Dec /28/ :00 Flatrock River Columbus 11 3:00 28-Dec 30-Dec /29/ :00 Muscatatuck River Vernon /24/2015 1:00 Sugar Creek Crawfordsville 8 7:00 27-Dec 29-Dec /27/ :00 Tippecanoe River Delphi 8 18:00 28-Dec 30-Dec /29/2015 7:00

9 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 1/19/2016 Flood Stage Report Dec 2015-Jan 2016 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Site Stage Time From To Stage Date Time Wabash River Lafayette 11 4:00 27-Dec 5-Jan /29/ :00 Covington 16 6:00 27-Dec 6-Jan /30/ :00 Montezuma 14 0:01 27-Dec 14-Jan /31/ :59 Clinton /31/2015 9:00 Terre Haute 14 7:00 27-Dec 14-Jan /31/ :00 Hutsonville Br /3/2016 8:00 Riverton 15 7:00 27-Dec 16-Jan /3/ :00 Vincennes 16 17:00 28-Dec 13-Jan /4/2016 7:00 Mount Carmel 19 1:00 29-Dec 12-Jan /6/ :00 New Harmony /7/2016 4:00 White River Muncie 9 1:00 28-Dec 30-Dec /28/ :00 Anderson 10 19:00 27-Dec 30-Dec /29/2015 9:00 Noblesville 14 23:00 27-Dec 31-Dec /29/ :00 Nora 11 1:00 28-Dec 31-Dec /29/ :00 Ravenswood USGS /29/ :00 Ravenswood 6 18:00 27-Dec 31-Dec /29/ :00 Indianapolis /29/2015 1:00 Centerton 12 13:00 27-Dec 1-Jan /29/2015 9:00 Spencer 14 6:00 28-Dec 2-Jan /30/ :00 Elliston 18 1:00 28-Dec 2-Jan /1/2016 8:00 Newberry 13 9:00 28-Dec 4-Jan /1/ :00 Edwardsport 15 2:00 28-Dec 5-Jan /2/ :00 Petersburg 16 4:00 28-Dec 8-Jan /4/ :00 Hazleton 16 13:00 28-Dec 9-Jan /5/ :00

10 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): February 2016 DATE: March 5, 2016 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. February 2016 was a relatively mild weather month for Indiana. Precipitation was normal to above normal and ended the dry spell that began in January. Lowland flooding returned to portions of southern and western Indiana. At times very windy conditions prevailed as winds gusted to over 50 mph. There were three significant precipitation events during February. The first was late on the 2 nd as warm, humid air briefly invaded the area ahead of a cold front. With temperatures in the lows 60s and accompanied by dew points in the upper 50s, heavy rains of 1.5 to nearly 3 inches fell in portions of south central, southeast, and east central Indiana. A dry period followed the 3 rd and continued through the 20 th. During this time, much of central and southern Indiana received less than one-half inch of liquid precipitation. Following the record warm weather on the 20 th, rains of one-half to nearly 3 inches quickly fell south of the I-70 corridor in central and southern Indiana. After 3 days of dry weather, the most widespread precipitation event of the month occurred on the 24 th as an intense low pressure area tracked through the lower Ohio River Valley. This storm system brought blizzard conditions and a foot or more of snow to northwest Indiana, while 1.5 to 2.5 inches of cold rain fell along and east of the I-69 corridor in central and southern Indiana. Overall, melted monthly precipitation totals ranged from over an inch in west central Indiana to more than 6 inches in Bartholomew County in south-central Indiana. Precipitation was not evenly distributed during February. Much of the precipitation during the month fell from late on the 20 th through early on the 25 th. Most of the state received between 1.5 and 5 inches for the month.

11 Snowfall for February was near normal for much of the state to above normal for northwest and northern portions of north central Indiana. Snowfall during the month ranged from around 2 inches in portions of central Indiana to nearly 30 inches in northwest Indiana. The biggest snow storm of the month for central and southern Indiana occurred on the 14 th. An upper level disturbance brought a period of light to moderate snow to central and southern Indiana during the afternoon and early evening. Much of the area received 2 to 4 inches of snow. This was a dry snow as the water equivalent was less than a quarter of an inch. Lowland flooding quickly followed the rain events of the 2 nd, 21 st, and 24 th. Flooding occurred along portions of the Wabash, White, East Fork White, Driftwood, and Muscatatuck Rivers in western and southern Indiana. The most widespread flooding occurred after the rains of the 24 th. Flood crests were the highest since late December and early January. Mild weather prevailed during much of February in Indiana. Monthly temperatures averaged from 2 to 4 degrees above normal. Arctic air masses interrupted the mild weather from the 8 th through the 15 th. Below freezing temperatures continued for a week. Wind chills dropped below zero at times in central Indiana on the 13 th. The coldest morning was the 13 th when temperatures dipped to near zero in northern Indiana to single digits in central and most of southern Indiana. Warmer weather quickly returned after the 15 th. A week after the coldest readings of the month, record warmth spread into much of the state on the afternoon of the 20 th. Readings soared into the low and middle 70s in central and southern Indiana. This warm weather thawed the ground completely. The maximum temperature of 72 degrees at the airport was a record for the 20 th and the warmest reading for so early in the year since the 75 degree record temperature recorded on February 11, The Indianapolis area experienced a temperature swing of 65 degrees in a period of 7 days. Very windy conditions prevailed in central Indiana on the 19 th, the 24 th, and the 28 th. The wind gusted to over 50 mph at the airport on the 19 th and 28 th. Warm temperatures returned at the end of the month and melted all of the snow cover in the state. Much of the region remained wet as a result of recent significant precipitation. Stream flow remained above normal for all of central and southern Indiana. Lowland flooding continued into March in southern Indiana.

12 Pictured above, Ground Hog s Day dawned cloudy and gray at the Indianapolis Weather Office. Warm, humid air invaded the area briefly late on the 2 nd and early on the 3 rd as temperatures reached into the low 60s with dew points in the upper 50s. Pictured below is the afternoon of the 10 th. Temperatures remained in the teens on this day in central Indiana. Winter returned from the 8 th through the 15 th.

13 Pictured above is the late morning of the 13 th. This was the coldest morning of the month with morning lows in the single digits to zero in central and northern Indiana. The wind chill at the time of this picture was 2 below zero with a temperature of 13 degrees. Pictured above is Plough Shares Farm in central Indiana on a snowy Valentine s Day. Central and southern Indiana received 2 to 4 inches of snow. Picture is courtesy of our Facebook friends.

14 Pictured above is Nashville in Brown County on Valentine s Day. Picture is courtesy of our Facebook friends. Pictured above is a tower camera view of the Indianapolis Airport on a very windy February 19 th. The wind gusted to 52 mph during the afternoon as temperatures reached into the lower 60s.

15 The picture above is from the 20 th when record warmth occurred as temperatures reached into the low and middle 70s in central and southern Indiana. This was a swing of 65 degrees at the Indianapolis airport in 7 days. Picture is courtesy of Chad Swain. Pictured above are the wet conditions on the 25 th at the Indianapolis Office following cold rain of 1.70 inches on the 24 th. This rain ended the dry conditions that persisted since the middle of January.

16 Pictured above are the cloudy, cold, and windy weather of the 25 th following the passage a strong low pressure system. This system brought blizzard conditions and more than a foot of snow to northwest Indiana and 1 to 2 inches of a cold rain to central Indiana. Pictured below are the sunny skies and mild weather of Leap Day 2016 at the Indianapolis Weather Office. Afternoon readings reached into the middle 50s.

17 February 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. February 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

18 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): March 2016 DATE: April 6, 2016 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. March 2016 was windy, wet, and among the warmest Marchs of record for Indiana. March came in like a lion in portions of southern and east central Indiana with strong winds and thunderstorms dumping pea-size hail. March also went out like a lion with thunderstorms and gusty winds ahead of a cold front during the last hours of the month. After a wet start to March, when a half inch or more of rain fell in much of central and southern Indiana, the weather turned drier and colder. Snowfall during March was confined to the first 5 days of the month. The only snow event for central and southern Indiana occurred during the morning of the 3 rd when 0.5 to 3 inches of snow fell. The absence of significant precipitation from the 2 nd through the 8 th allowed flooding from February to end by the 8 th. Significant rain returned to Indiana from the 9 th through the 14 th when 0.50 to 4 inches fell across the state. The heaviest rainfall of 2 to 4 inches occurred along and east of the I-69 corridor in southern and central Indiana. Lowland flooding returned to portions of the East Fork White, Wabash, White, and Muscatatuck Rivers in western and southern Indiana by the 13 th. Another dry spell from the 15 th through the 23 rd allowed flooding to end and streams to return to seasonal levels. Wet weather returned again for the last week of March. Rainfall of a half inch of more fell each day on the 24 th, 27 th, 30 th, and 31 st. Rainfall totaled 1 to 4 inches across the state during this 8-day period. The heaviest rains of 2 to 4 inches fell in much of central and southern Indiana. Lowland flooding returned to the Wabash River in western Indiana during the last hours of March following the rains on the 30 th and 31 st. Minor flooding continued into early April. Monthly rainfall and melted precipitation for March was normal to above normal. Totals ranged from 3 inches in portions of northern Indiana to over 7 inches in south central Indiana. Much of the state

19 received between 3 and 6 inches for the month. Precipitation fell on 9 to 14 days during the month in the form of rain, snow, and hail. Snowfall during March was slightly below normal in central Indiana to normal in northern Indiana. Monthly snowfall totals ranged from a trace in southern Indiana to 8 inches in the South Bend area of northern Indiana. Snow fell on 1 to 5 days during the month. Pea-size hail fell in portions of southern and central Indiana on the 1 st, 27 th, and the 31 st. The largest hail of the month occurred during the evening of the 27 th when hail up to the size of ping pong balls fell in portions of central Indiana. Two small tornadoes also occurred in northern Indiana on the 31 st. One tornado struck the south side of Lafayette and the other a few miles northwest of Wabash. Mild weather prevailed during much of March in Indiana. Monthly temperatures averaged from 5 to 9 degrees above normal. After a relatively cold first five days of March, temperatures remained above normal for most of the remainder of the month. Accompanied with strong southerly winds, afternoon readings reached into the 70s nearly state-wide on the 8 th and 27 th. Strong southerly winds on the 15 th ushered in 80-degree weather to portions of southern Indiana along the Ohio River and 70-degree weather to central Indiana. Maximum temperatures for the month reached into the lower 80s along the Ohio River in southwest and south central Indiana and into the 70s for the remainder of the state. The coldest mornings of March were the 2 nd and the 4 th. Temperatures dipped to the single digits in the South Bend area of northern Indiana to the middle to lower 20s in the remainder of the state. For the Indianapolis area, March 2016 was the 8 th warmest March on record since weather records began in 1871 and the warmest since the record warm March of Daily maximum temperatures exceeded 60 degrees on 16 days, the most since 2012, and more than the combined total for the Marchs of 2013, 2014, and Monthly snowfall for the Indianapolis area was also the least since March The March precipitation total for the Indianapolis area was the highest since March March was a windy month. Daily peak winds reached or exceeded 20mph on all but 4 days. The wind gusted to over 40mph on the 1 st, 16 th, and 27 th in central Indiana. At the end of March, streams were above seasonal levels across the state. Agricultural fields remained wet in most areas. Vegetation and grasses were the most advanced for early spring since 2012.

20 Pictured above is the Frankfort area in Clinton County during the morning of the 3 rd. Snow fell across almost all of Indiana on this day. The beginning of March was on the cold side, but not as cold as March Picture is courtesy of our Facebook friends. Pictured below is the afternoon of the 8 th. Strong southerly winds warmed temperatures into the 70s across the state. Above normal temperatures prevailed for nearly the remainder of the month after the 7 th.

21 Pictured above is the intersection of Washington and West Streets in downtown Indianapolis on the 15 th. Once again, strong southerly winds warmed temperatures into the low 70s in central Indiana. Pictured below is the White River immediately north of the Indianapolis Zoo. The river level was 8.8 feet.

22 Pictured above is St. Patrick s Day at the Indianapolis Weather Office. Fire danger was elevated during the afternoon with windy conditions accompanied by 60-degree weather with 24% relative humidity. Pictured above is immediately west of the Indianapolis Weather Office around solar noon on the 25 th. This was one of the colder afternoons of late March as temperatures only reached 50 degrees on this day.

23 The picture above is a blossoming tree at the Indianapolis Weather Office on the 27 th. This was the warmest day of the month for the Indianapolis area as the temperature reached 76 degrees. Pictured above is East Lake immediately south of Nineveh in southern Johnson County on the 29 th. This was the location the IEAP initial training and tabletop exercise for the Princes Lake area.

24 March 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. March 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

25 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 3/25/2016 Flood Stage Report March 2016 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Site Stage From To Stage Date Time East Fork White River Columbus, IN /15/ :00 Seymour, IN Mar 17-Mar /15/ :00 Rivervale, IN Mar 20-Mar /18/2016 0:01 Bedford, IN Mar 19-Mar 21 3/18/2016 7:00 Williams, IN 8 17-Mar 19-Mar 8.4 3/18/2016 7:00 Shoals, IN /18/ :00 Muscatatuck River Vernon, IN /11/2016 0:01 Wheeler Hollow, IN /16/ :00 Wabash River Lafayette, IN Mar 18-Mar /15/2016 9:00 Covington, IN Mar 19-Mar /16/ :00 Montezuma, IN Mar 20-Mar /17/2016 0:01 Terre Haute, IN Mar 20-Mar /17/ :30 Hutsonville, IL /18/2016 7:00 Riverton, IN Mar 21-Mar /19/ :00 Mount Carmel, IL Mar 21-Mar /20/ :00 White River Petersburg, IN /18/2016 9:00 Petersburg, IN Mar 23-Mar /18/ :00 Hazleton Old 41, IN Mar 23-Mar /19/ :00

26 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): April 2016 DATE: May 12, 2016 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. April 2016 had a variety of weather regimes ranging from cold and windy, to wet, to warm and dry, and last to stormy. Minor river flooding occurred at times in southern Indiana. Severe weather developed late in the month. After a wet ending to March, few April showers developed in the state until the 6 th and 7 th. Rainfall of one-half to slightly over an inch fell in northern Indiana prolonged high water along the Wabash River in western Indiana. Significant rains did not fall in central and southern Indiana until the 10 th and 11 th. Rains of 1 to slightly more than 2 inches caused lowland river flooding in central and southern Indiana. Flooding in some areas was more extensive and higher than flooding experienced during the middle of March. An 8-day dry spell from the 12 th through the 19 th allowed flooding to end and soils to dry out somewhat. Widespread rains returned to the state from the 20 th through the 22 nd. Rainfall amounts varied from a few hundredths in eastern Indiana to more than 2 inches in portions of western Indiana. River flooding did not follow after this rain. Unlike March, precipitation in much of Indiana remained below normal for April through the 24 th. A stormy pattern from late on the 25 th through into early May ended this dry pattern. Showers and thunderstorms through the 30 th dumped from one-half inch of rain in northern Indiana to more than 4 inches in southeast Indiana. Minor river flooding followed in portions of southern Indiana. River flooding continued into the first week of May in southwest Indiana. Overall monthly precipitation for April ranged from slightly more than 2 inches in northeast Indiana to nearly 8 inches in south central Indiana. Much of the state received between 3 and 6 inches for the month. Precipitation was normal to above normal in all of the state except for portions of east central and west central Indiana.

27 Snow fell on several days in northern and central Indiana from the 2 nd through the 10 th as cold weather prevailed during early April. Most of this snow occurred late on the 8 th and early on the 9 th. Monthly snowfall totals in central Indiana ranged from a trace to an inch while those in northern Indiana ranged from 1 to as much as 4 inches in the South Bend area. After one of the warmest Marchs of record, April weather began on a cold note. High temperatures reached only into the 40s and 50s through the 13 th in many areas following morning readings that fell into the upper 20s and lower 30s. The coldest day was the 9 th as highs struggled to rise into the upper 30s and lower 40s following overnight lows in the upper 20s. Hard freezes occurred on several mornings during early April. After the 14 th, warm weather dominated. Afternoon readings in the 70s and 80s were common. Many locations experienced an extended stretch of highs in the lower 80s from the 17 th through the 20 th and again on the 25 th and 26 th. Morning lows after the 14 th were often warmer than afternoon highs during the first two weeks of April. The warmest days were the 18 th and 19 th. For the Indianapolis area, the first two weeks of April were among the coldest of record and the coldest since The last 16 days of April finished among the 10 warmest of record and the warmest since As a result, the monthly average temperature for the Indianapolis area and most of central Indiana was about 1 degree above normal. As strong as the winds were during March, even stronger winds on the 2 nd resulted in high wind warnings for much of Indiana. Winds gusted to as high as 65 mph during the afternoon. Wind damage and scattered power outages followed in central Indiana. Strong to severe thunderstorms developed across central and southern Indiana during the evenings of the 26 th and 28 th. A few storms dropped ping-pong ball sized hail. Small tornadoes briefly touched in the Evansville and the Worthington areas on the 26 th and in the Zionsville area on the 28 th. Much of northern and central Indiana was on the dry side prior to the 25 th. Significant rains after the 25 th left much of the state wet and streams and rivers at or above normal levels at the end of April. Vegetation and grasses continued to actively grow. Hardwood trees began to leaf out in central Indiana. The hard freezes earlier in the month killed most of the lilac buds in central Indiana.

28 Pictured above is April Fool s Day early morning looking west from the Indianapolis Weather Office. The temperature was 42 degrees. Winds gusted to 40mph at the airport that afternoon. Pictured below is wind damage that occurred during the afternoon of the 2 nd in Hendricks County on the west side of Indianapolis. The winds gusted to 65mph in central Indiana. Strong winds also caused scattered power outages.

29 Pictured above is the Indianapolis office the afternoon of the 3 rd. The fire danger was elevated during the afternoon because of windy conditions accompanied by 60-degree weather and 30% relative humidity. Pictured below are snow scenes from our Facebook friends at Anderson and Westfield during the evening of the 8 th.

30 Pictured above is the cold morning of the 12 th when morning readings dropped to 32 degrees for the last time at the airport during April. Note the layer of ice on the standing water in the field. Pictured below is the north view from the Children s Museum in Indianapolis on the 15 th. After a cold start to April, warm spring weather returned to the area.

31 Pictured above is the 80-degree weather on the 17 th at Camby just southwest of the Indianapolis Weather Office. Temperatures rebounded nearly 40 degrees in 8 days in central Indiana. Pictured below is storm damage and ponded water on the 27 th immediately north of Worthington in southwest Indiana from storms during the evening of the 26 th.

32 April 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. April 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

33 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 4/25/2016 Flood Stage Report April 2016 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Site Stage From To Stage Date Time Driftwood River Edinburgh 2 SW, IN Apr 13-Apr /13/16 2:00 East Fork White River Columbus, IN /12/16 18:00 Seymour, IN 12 1-Apr 2-Apr /02/16 4:00 Seymour, IN Apr 15-Apr /13/16 13:00 Rivervale, IN /04/16 5:00 Rivervale, IN Apr 17-Apr /16/16 7:00 Eel River Bowling Green, IN Apr 13-Apr /12/16 6:00 Flatrock River Columbus, IN Apr 12-Apr /12/16 14:00 Muscatatuck River Vernon, IN /11/16 22:00 Wheeler Hollow, IN /03/16 8:00 Wheeler Hollow, IN /15/16 16:00 Wabash River Lafayette, IN Mar 4-Apr /01/16 22:00 Lafayette, IN 11 8-Apr 9-Apr /08/16 19:00 Covington, IN 16 1-Apr 5-Apr /02/16 23:00 Montezuma, IN Mar 6-Apr /02/16 20:00 Montezuma, IN 14 8-Apr 14-Apr /12/16 8:00 Terre Haute, IN 14 1-Apr 6-Apr /03/16 10:00 Terre Haute, IN Apr 14-Apr /12/16 9:00 Hutsonville SR154, IL /05/16 7:00 Riverton, IN 15 1-Apr 8-Apr /06/16 0:01 Riverton, IN Apr 17-Apr /13/16 5:00 Vincennes, IN /15/16 2:00 Mount Carmel, IL Apr 18-Apr /16/16 8:00

34 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 4/25/2016 Flood Stage Report April 2016 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Site Stage From To Stage Date Time White River Spencer, IN Apr 14-Apr /13/16 7:00 Worthington, IN /14/16 7:00 Elliston, IN Apr 16-Apr /14/16 7:00 Newberry, IN Apr 16-Apr /14/16 19:00 Edwardsport, IN 15 3-Apr 3-Apr /03/16 6:00 Edwardsport, IN Apr 17-Apr /16/16 0:01 Petersburg, IN 16 2-Apr 5-Apr /04/16 11:00 Petersburg, IN Apr 19-Apr /17/16 13:00 Hazleton Old 41, IN 16 3-Apr 6-Apr /04/16 21:00 Hazleton Old 41, IN Apr 20-Apr /18/16 13:00

35 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 5/10/2016 Flood Stage Report Late Apr-Early May 2016 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Site Stage From To Stage Date Time East Fork White River Seymour, IN Apr 30-Apr Apr-16 13:00 Rivervale, IN May-16 5:00 Muscatatuck River Wheeler Hollow, IN May-16 16:00 White River Edwardsport, IN 15 2-May 4-May May-16 6:00 Edwardsport, IN May-16 5:00 Petersburg, IN May-16 14:00 Petersburg, IN 16 1-May 7-May May-16 14:00 Hazleton, IN-Old US May 7-May May-16 0:01

36 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): May 2016 DATE: June 7, 2016 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. The cool weather of the first 20 days of May transitioned into a very warm pattern during the last 8 days. A wet first half of the month was followed by a much drier pattern during the last half of May. Minor river flooding occurred at times during early and mid-may. The severe weather events of late April ended on May 1 st. Precipitation during May favored southern and at times central Indiana while northern Indiana remained on the dry side. The first half of May was considerably wetter and had more frequent rainy days than the second half of May. Rainfall during the first half of May ranged from less than an inch in northern Indiana to almost 5 inches in southern Indiana. Measurable rain fell on 7 to 8 consecutive days in central Indiana from the 7 th through the 14 th. A drier pattern developed during the second half of May. Rainfall varied from only a few hundredths of an inch in portions of northeast Indiana to 3 inches in isolated areas of south central Indiana. Northeast Indiana went 10 to 14 days without measurable rainfall from the 18 th through the 31 st. Sporadic rainfall on the 20 th, 21 st, 26 th, 27 th, 28 th, 29 th, and 31 st interrupted this dry pattern in central and southern Indiana. For the Indianapolis area, the first two weeks of May were among the wettest of record and the wettest start to the month in 7 years. In contrast, the last 17 days of the month were among the driest for May and the driest since Overall, monthly rainfall for May was below normal for almost all of Indiana. Monthly totals ranged from around 1.5 inches in portions of northern Indiana to 7 inches in south central Indiana. For the month, much of the state received between 2 and 5 inches of rain. Measurable rain fell on 10 to 18 days during the month. A few locations received over an inch of rain on one day during May.

37 River flooding that began in portions of southern Indiana as the result of heavy rains at the close of April, ended by the 7 th. Limited river flooding occurred in the headwaters of the upper Wabash River watershed following locally heavy rainfall of 2 to 4 inches on the 9 th and 10 th. A cold frontal passage on the 1 st ended the brief warm weather in central and southern Indiana. A cool pattern persisted nearly uninterrupted through the 20 th. The coldest mornings were the 4 th, 15 th, and 16 th when readings dipped in the 30s. Afternoon highs in central Indiana reached only into to the 50s and 60s on about half of the days during this period and fell into the 30s and 40s on 9 to 15 days. For the Indianapolis area, this was among the coldest starts on record for May and the coldest since Following a brief transition period from the 21 st through the 23 rd, a warm spell began on the 24 th and lasted into early June. Afternoon highs reached 80 degrees nearly every day. The warmest days were from the 28 th through the 31 st with afternoon readings in the upper 80s to lower 90s across the state. For the Indianapolis area, the last 8 days of May were among the warmest of record and the warmest since The warm spell at the end of May nearly balanced the earlier cold spell in much of central and northern Indiana. Monthly temperatures for May ranged from 2 degrees below normal in southern Indiana to almost 1 degree above normal in portions of central Indiana. Strong storms during the afternoon and evening of the 1 st dumped hail over an inch in diameter in portions of central Indiana. Hail covered the ground so deep in some areas that snowplows were used to clear the local streets. Piles of hail remained on city streets in Beech Grove for more than 24 hours. A small tornado also occurred in the Linden area of Montgomery County. The wind gusted to 74mph at the Indianapolis airport. Thunderstorms produced large hail and wind damage on the evening of the 7 th in Daviess and Knox Counties of southwest Indiana. Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms during the evening of the 11 th downed trees in scattered areas of western and southern Indiana. During the late morning of the 26 th, thunderstorms dropped pea to marble sized hail in portions of western Indiana. At the end of May, much of the state had dried out and farmers were actively planting. Dry soils were reported in some areas of northern Indiana. Streamflow was below normal for the Wabash River from Lafayette to Montezuma in west central Indiana and many small streams throughout the state. Streamflow for the White, East Fork White, and lower Wabash Rivers in central and southern Indiana was slightly below seasonal levels.

38 Pictured above is a hail covered street in Greencastle after sunset on May 1. Credit the Greencastle Fire Department. Hail similar to this also occurred on the southeast side of Indianapolis the same evening. Pictured below is a large hail stone that fell west of the city of Clinton in Vermillion County at CR 125 E. Credit the amateur radio operator K9OPX.

39 Pictured above are cool, wet conditions immediately south of the Indianapolis office early on the 3 rd. The afternoon high on this day was only 63 degrees. Pictured below are the wet, very cool conditions between noon and 1pm EDT at the Indianapolis Weather Office on the 8 th. The temperature was 48 degrees as light rain fell. In northern and southern Indiana, where the sky was fair to partly cloudy, the weather was rather pleasant with temperatures in the low 60s.

40 Pictured above is the early afternoon of the 12 th when the temperature reached 75 degrees at the Indianapolis office on a rather muggy afternoon. Less than 4 days later, the morning temperature dipped to 36 degrees. Pictured below is light frost on the grass at the Indianapolis Weather Office. The last time the temperature fell to 36 degrees later in the season was May 21, 2002.

41 Pictured above is a perfect weather day at the Indianapolis Weather Office on the 23 rd. The afternoon high was 78 degrees under crystal clear skies with a dew point of 38 degrees around sunset. Pictured below is the warm, humid weather that arrived by the afternoon of the 25 th and continued through the afternoon of the 29 th. The dew points remained in the 60s during this period.

42 Pictured above is the 87-degree weather on the 31 st just southwest of the Indianapolis Weather Office. This was the warmest day for so early in the year since May Note how the ground has dried and the vegetation advanced when compared to the wet conditions of the 3 rd pictured below.

43 May 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. May 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

44 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 5/10/2016 Flood Stage Report Late Apr-Early May 2016 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Site Stage From To Stage Date Time East Fork White River Seymour, IN Apr 30-Apr Apr-16 13:00 Rivervale, IN May-16 5:00 Muscatatuck River Wheeler Hollow, IN May-16 16:00 White River Edwardsport, IN 15 2-May 4-May May-16 6:00 Edwardsport, IN May-16 5:00 Petersburg, IN May-16 14:00 Petersburg, IN 16 1-May 7-May May-16 14:00 Hazleton, IN-Old US May 7-May May-16 0:01

45 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): June 2016 DATE: July 5, 2016 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. June was an active weather month with frequent storms bringing locally heavy rains and at times severe weather. June also was a warm month with no prolonged cool spells as experienced in April and May. Monthly rainfall was widely variable within the state. Only local flooding followed the heavy rain events of June. Early June began wet for much of central and southern Indiana. Combined rainfall from heavy downpours on the afternoon of the 1 st and 4 th ranged from a half to nearly 3 inches in much of the area. After receiving less than one-half inch of rainfall during this time, abnormally dry conditions developed in portions of northern Indiana. A dry period began on the 5 th and continued through the 13 th for much of the state. The only significant rainfall was along a warm front on the 10 th when portions of north central and east central Indiana received 1 to over 5 inches. The U.S. Drought Monitor depicted much of northern and central Indiana abnormally dry early on the 14 th. The dry conditions for many locations were short lived as rainfall of one-half to over 5 inches fell in much of the area on the 14 th and 15 th. Additional heavy rains of one-half to over 3 inches followed on the 20 th and 22 nd and kept much of central Indiana on the wet side. Dry conditions continued to persist in southwest Indiana until rains of 1 to over 3 inches fell during the evening of the 26 th. This rain extended from southwest Indiana along much of the I-69 corridor to the Fort Wayne area in northeast Indiana. Little rain fell statewide during the last 4 days of June. Overall, monthly rainfall ranged from around an inch in portions of Lake and Porter Counties in northwest Indiana to more than 10 inches in a small area of Fayette County in east central Indiana. Rainfall was below normal in northwest and in portions of southwest and northeast Indiana. Much of the remainder of the state received near

46 normal to above normal precipitation. Many areas received between 2 and 6 inches of rain in June. Precipitation during June favored much of central, south central, southeast, and portions of northeast Indiana. Rainfall of an inch or more fell on 9 days at some location in the state. None of the rain events during June provided complete areal coverage. River flooding did not develop during June, but localized flooding did. Flash flooding followed the heavy rains of the 15 th in the Indianapolis area. The Eel River in northern Indiana flooded at North Manchester after the rains of the 20 th. And last, the storms early on the 23 rd caused Eagle Creek to flood briefly at Zionsville. The warm weather at the end of May continued nearly uninterrupted for all of June. The hottest temperatures of the year followed a warm front passage on the 10 th. Afternoon readings reached into the 90s across all of Indiana on the 11 th and into the middle to upper 90s in southern Indiana on the 12 th and 16 th. There were only two brief cool spells during the month. The first was from the 7 th through the 9 th when the coolest morning of the month occurred. Temperatures dipped into the upper 40s in northern and portions of central Indiana and into the middle to lower 50s in southern Indiana. The second followed the storms of the 26 th and 27 th. The pleasant weather on the last 3 days of June was very similar to those of the 7 th through the 9 th. Overall, monthly temperatures averaged from around 1 degree above normal in northern Indiana to 2.5 to 3.5 degrees above normal in central and southern Indiana. The temperature reached or exceeded 90 degrees from 2 days in northern Indiana to 16 days in southwest Indiana. For the Indianapolis area this was the warmest June since 2010 and the most 90 degree days since Central Indiana experienced two days of severe weather in June. The first was on the 15 th when strong to severe thunderstorms during the afternoon and early evening produced gusts up to 66 mph and hail stones nearly an inch in diameter. Early on the 23 rd, downdrafts from severe storms over a much larger area produced wind gusts of 80 to 100 mph. These storms damaged structures and brought down many trees and power lines. At the end of June, the U.S. Drought Monitor indicated abnormally dry conditions in northwest Indiana and pockets of north central, east central, southwest, and south central Indiana. This totaled nearly 20 percent of the state. Most rivers and streams were at seasonal flow.

47 Pictured above is a dry field on the 1 st immediately south of the Indianapolis Weather Office just prior to the rains of early June. The temperature was 82 degrees with an elevated dew point of 61 degrees. Pictured below is the early afternoon of the 6 th as winds gusted to 36 mph. The warm, humid weather of early June transitioned into pleasant weather. The temperature was 83 degrees and a dew point of 59.

48 Pictured above is the early afternoon of the 7 th. This was the coolest sunny afternoon of the month as the temperature only reached 74 degrees. Windy conditions continued with gusts to 29 mph. The dew point at 50 degrees made this a very pleasant day. Pictured below is the southwest view from the radome at the Indianapolis Weather Office on the 9 th. The first cool spell of the month was about to end. The temperature was 58 degrees with a dew point of 46.

49 Pictured above is the northwest horizon of the early afternoon of the 15 th on the south side of Bloomington. Warm and very humid conditions preceded the storms later this day. The temperature was 80 degrees with a dew point of 71. Pictured below is a shelf cloud in the Vincennes area during the afternoon of the 15 th. Picture is courtesy of J. Carpenter.

50 Pictured above is the sunrise at Indianapolis on the Summer Solstice, June 20. This was the warmest morning of the month with a temperature of 74 degrees and a dew point of 68. Pictured below is storm damage in the Thorntown area during the late afternoon of the 20 th. Photo credit is to Teresa Trenary.

51 Pictured above is the leading edge of the first of three episodes of storms to move across Indiana on the 22 nd and early on the 23 rd. Pictured above is storm damage early on the 23 rd that occurred in the Gwynneville area. Some of the severe storms produced wind gusts of 80 to 100 mph. Credit: Jessica Smith WISH-TV.

52 A perfect day for the Indianapolis area on the 29th! From a morning low in the middle 50s (pictured above) to afternoon readings in the upper 70s (pictured below). The dew point was 50 degrees.

53 June 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. June 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

54 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 6/29/2016 Flood Stage Report June 2016 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Site Stage From To Stage Date Time Eagle Creek Zionsville

55 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): July 2016 DATE: August 9, 2016 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. July 2016 was reminiscent of July 2015 with frequent storms, heavy rainfall, and at times severe weather. After a cool beginning, warm and at times, humid weather continued the remainder of the month. Monthly rainfall varied widely within the state. Areal or flash flooding followed several of the heavy rain events of July. After a dry spell of nearly a week, July rains began on the 3 rd and continued throughout the month. Daily rainfall of greater than an inch occurred somewhere in the state on more than 16 days of the month. The longest state-wide dry spell was from the 9 th through the 11 th and lasted less than 4 days. There were several heavy rain events during July where greater than 3 inches of rain occurred in less than 24 hours. These included the 3 rd and 4 th in southwest Indiana, the 13 th and 14 th in west central Indiana, the 18 th in west central and central Indiana, the 26 th and 28 th in southern Indiana, and the 29 th in central Indiana. Also, the East Fork White River approached flood stage during the morning of the 27 th after 3 to more than 5 inches of rain fell in southeast Bartholomew, southern Decatur, and northern Jennings County the day before. Our office did not receive any reports of serious flooding from the heavy rain events of July. Rainfall during July was not evenly distributed. During the first 18 days of July, rain favored much of western, central, and southern Indiana while east central, north central, and northeast Indiana remained on the dry side. After the 18 th, significant to heavy rains continued in western and southern Indiana while some rain returned to north central and northeast Indiana. In central Indiana, little rain fell until the 29 th, when the dry spell was interrupted by showers and thunderstorms that dumped more than 2 inches of rain in a few areas. For the last 2 weeks of July, much of central Indiana received less than one-half of an inch of rainfall.

56 Overall monthly rainfall during July varied greatly across the state. July 2016 was among the driest Julys of record for portions of northeast Indiana. Several northeast locations received less than an inch and a half of rainfall. In portions of southern Indiana, 12 inches or more fell and rivaled the near record rainfall seen in July Rainfall was generally normal to above normal in western, central, and southern Indiana where most areas received 4 to 10 inches for the month. Much of north central, northeast, and east central Indiana were drier than normal as many locations received only 1.5 to 4 inches of rainfall during July. July began on the cool side as an upper level low spread clouds and scattered showers across the state from the 2 nd through the 4 th. Afternoon readings were below 80 degrees in much of central and northern Indiana through the 4 th. Temperatures remained in the 60s in much of central Indiana on the 3 rd because of the cloudy, rainy weather. The Independence Day high of 76 at Indianapolis was one of the cooler of record and the coolest since the record low maximum of 70 degrees was set in Warm weather returned on the 5 th. Near normal temperatures with highs in the mid and upper 80s and lows in the mid and upper 60s prevailed through the 18 th in central Indiana. The warmest weather of the month began on the 19 th as a warm and very humid air mass entered central Indiana and remained through the 25 th. The combination of heat and humidity produced heat indices over 100 degrees in the entire state on the 24 th. This heat wave was similar to the one experienced in July After the 25 th, warm but not as humid weather returned for the remainder of July. Overall, monthly temperatures averaged from near normal to 2 degrees above normal across the state. The warmest afternoon of the month for much of Indiana was the 24 th, when readings reached into the low to middle 90s. The coolest morning was the 2 nd when lows dipped into the lower 50s across most of the state. July 2016 was the warmest month for the Indianapolis area since the record hot month of July Temperatures never dropped below 70 degrees in the Indianapolis area for 10 consecutive days from the 19 th through the 28 th. This was the longest such streak since the record of 22 days from June 28 through July 19 set in The biggest severe weather event of the month occurred during the afternoon and evening hours of the 13 th. Thunderstorms produced damaging winds, golf ball sized hail, and heavy rainfall in central Indiana. Winds gusted to 61 mph at the Indianapolis Airport. At the end of July, abnormally dry conditions persisted in portions of northeast and east central Indiana. This totaled about 10 percent of the state. Streamflow was near normal in central Indiana and above normal in southern Indiana.

57 Pictured above is the south view from the radome at the Indianapolis Weather Office on the 1 st. July began on a pleasant note the temperature was 78 degrees with a dew point of 59. Pictured below is the sunrise at the Indianapolis Weather Office on the 2 nd. This was the coolest morning of the month the morning low was 53 degrees with a dew point of 48.

58 Pictured above is late morning on the 4 th when the temperature was only 67 degrees. The afternoon high of 76 was the coolest for Independence Day since the record low maximum of 70 degrees set in Pictured below is the upstream view of Eagle Creek from Lynhurst Drive at Speedway on the 5 th. The stream level was 2.9 feet and slightly elevated from recent rains on the 3 rd.

59 Pictured above is the upstream view of White Lick Creek at SR 42 immediately west of Mooresville on the 5th. The stream level was 7.7 feet and somewhat muddy from recent rains on the 3 rd. After the coolest start to July since 2009, warm and humid weather returned on the 8 th. Pictured below is the northwest view from the right bank of School Branch at CR 750N 2 miles northeast of Brownsburg.

60 Pictured above is the upstream view of Eagle Creek from Zionsville Road at Zionsville on the 8 th. The stream level was 1.6 feet and slightly elevated from rains from the 3 rd through the 6 th. Pictured below is a wind-blown cornfield in the Danville area from a severe thunderstorm on the 13 th. Photo credit is to C. Dean.

61 Pictured above is storm damage in Saratoga in east Randolph County on the 13 th. Photo credit is Randolph County EMA. Pictured above is sunrise at Dave William s residence in rural Williams on the 14 th. Photo credit is Dave Williams.

62 Pictured above is the Village Shopping Center at Mooresville on the 18 th following more than 3 inches of rainfall in less than 3 hours. Photo credit is Chad Swain. Pictured below is the Indianapolis Weather Office on the 24 th. The temperature was 92 degrees with a dew point of 76. The heat index of 103 was the highest of the summer season to date.

63 July 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. July 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

64 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): August 2016 DATE: September 7, 2016 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. August 2016 was one of the warmest, wettest and stormiest Augusts of record for the state of Indiana. A very active weather pattern persisted from the 12 th through the 28 th. Numerous areal and flash flood events occurred, in addition to severe weather. Brief lowland river flooding developed in portions of southern Indiana. August began dry in much of the state as the mostly dry weather pattern of late July persisted in central and northern Indiana through the 9 th. The rains during the first third of August fell primarily in southern Indiana. Rainfall totals through the 9 th ranged from little to none in central and northern Indiana to one-half to more than 3 inches in much of southern Indiana. A tropical air mass entered the state on the 10 th and remained through the 20 th. Rainfall of 4 to more than 10 inches fell in much of central Indiana along and south of I-70 and in southern Indiana along and north of U.S. Highway 50. Even heavier rains of 8 to more than 12 inches fell in portions of northwest and north central Indiana near the Indiana-Michigan state line. Rains on the 12 th ended the more than two-week dry spell in northwest and north central Indiana, and rains on the 13 th ended the 22-day dry spell in west central Indiana. Rainfall of more than 6 inches fell in Knox County on the 13 th while northwest and north central Indiana received 8 to more than 10 inches on the 15 th. After a brief cool dry spell from the 21 st through the 23 rd, tropical conditions returned to Indiana on the 24 th and persisted through the end of August. Rainfall of one-half to more than 2 inches fell in much of the state along and north of U.S. Highway 50. Heavier rains of 3 to more than 5 inches were concentrated in portions of central and east central Indiana.

65 Areal and flash flood events during August were frequent in the state between the 13 th and 28 th. The more noteworthy events occurred on the 13 th in southwest Indiana, on the 15 th in the South Bend area, on the 24 th in central Indiana, on the 26 th in the Indianapolis area, and on the 28 th in the Muncie area. Rainfall of 6 to more than 8 inches in southern Indiana from the 13 th through the 15 th caused lowland river flooding along portions of the White River in southwest Indiana and the East Fork White and Muscatatuck Rivers in Jackson County. Flood crests ranged from slightly over flood stage to 3.5 feet above flood stage. Flooding lasted from 2 to 4 days. August 2016 was the wettest August of record for many areas of Indiana. This included the South Bend area and most locations in northwest and north central Indiana, the northeast and eastern portions of the Indianapolis metropolitan area, and the Vincennes, Bloomington, Columbus, and Batesville areas in southern Indiana. Monthly totals in these areas totaled more than 10 inches. The driest areas of the state included northeast Indiana and southwest and south central Indiana immediately north of the Ohio River. Precipitation totals in these areas ranged from 2 to 3 inches. The remainder of Indiana received between 4 and 8 inches during August. Rainfall varied widely between local communities as well as across the state. In the immediate Indianapolis metro area monthly amounts ranged from slightly more than 3 inches in northwest Hamilton County to more than 11 inches in northeastern Marion and eastern Hancock Counties. Monthly totals in Indiana ranged from slightly over 2 inches in northeast and southwest Indiana to more than 13 inches in northwest Indiana. August began warm and remained warm nearly the entire month. The only cool spells were from the 13 th through the 16 th, when rainy and cloudy conditions kept temperatures in the 70s in most of central Indiana and from the 21 st through the 23 rd, after the passage of a cold front brought the most pleasant weather to the state since July 2. Overall, monthly temperatures averaged from 2 to 5 degrees above normal across the state. The warmest afternoons were the 9 th through the 11 th and the 28 th through the 30 th when readings reached into the low to mid 90s. The coolest morning was the 22 nd when morning lows dipped into the 50s state-wide. Temperatures reached 90 degrees on 3 to 15 days during the month. For the Indianapolis area, August 2016 was the 9 th warmest August of record and the warmest August since This was the warmest month since the record hot month of July 2012 as the monthly average temperature exceeded July s by more than 1.5 degrees. Warm overnights were common throughout the month, with 20 of the 31 mornings staying

66 at or above 70 degrees in Indianapolis. This set a new record for the number of 70 degree or higher lows in August, besting the previous mark of 19 days in both August 1900 and The minimum temperature for the month averaged 70.1 degrees. This tied for second warmest ever for August and the warmest for August in 116 years. After a quiet start, August became active for severe weather across central Indiana and the entire Hoosier state for much of the second half of the month. It was an historical month for tornadoes as two separate outbreaks on the 15 th and the 24 th set a record for the most tornadoes ever in August for the state with at least 20. The two most destructive tornadoes were rated EF-3. One caused extensive damage in Kokomo in Howard County and the other in rural Woodburn east of Fort Wayne in Allen County. There were no fatalities from the severe weather. At the end of August, many areas remained on the wet side. Abnormally dry conditions in northeast Indiana totaled less than 10 percent of the state. Stream flow was above normal throughout most of Indiana. Portions of southern Indiana were on the dry side. Much of southwest and south central Indiana along and south of I-64 had seen little rainfall since August 21 st. Pictured above is the northeasterly view from the radome at the Indianapolis Weather Office near sunrise on the 2 nd as the lazy, hazy dog days of August began. The temperature was 69 degrees with a dew point of 66.

67 Pictured above is the afternoon of the 3 rd at the Indianapolis Weather Office and below the afternoon of the 4 th at Delphi along part of the former Wabash and Erie Canal. Little rain had fallen since July 18 th in much of central and northern Indiana. Afternoon readings in the upper 80s and low 90s were common during early August.

68 Pictured above is the pleasant morning of the 7 th at the Indianapolis Weather Office. The morning low was 66 degrees for the coolest morning in 3 weeks. The dew point had fallen to 59 degrees. Pictured below is the warm, but not humid afternoon of the 7 th at the Indianapolis Weather Office. Afternoon readings reached into the upper 80s while the dew point remained at 59 degrees. Conditions were becoming dry after little rain for more than 2 weeks.

69 Pictured above, dew points soar in the middle 70s at the Indianapolis Weather Office after the first rains of August and arrival of tropical moisture on the 10 th. Very warm and humid conditions remained in the area through the 20 th. Pictured below, building cumulus clouds on the morning of the 11 th at the Indianapolis Weather Office prior to the stormy weather of August. This was the warmest day of August at the Weather Office as the afternoon high reached 93 degrees with the dew point at 75 degrees.

70 Pictured above is 1 of 6 tornadoes from a single, long tracking supercell thunderstorm that moved through Hendricks, Boone, Hamilton, Tipton, and Howard Counties during the evening of the 15 th. This was the first of two historic tornado outbreaks for the month of August in Indiana. The pictured tornado is in Hendricks County. Credit Nicki Wilborn of Pittsboro from the WTHR Channel 13 weather photo gallery.

71 Pictured above is the fallow agriculture field immediately south of the Indianapolis Weather Office on the morning of the 22th. Temperatures dipped into the 50s for the coolest August morning for the entire state of Indiana and the coolest weather since July 2 nd. Pictured above is the destruction of cooperative weather equipment located at Crawfordsville 6SE in Montgomery County by an EF-2 tornado on the 24 th. This was 1 of 10 tornadoes on this historic weather day in August. Photo credit is Steve Mason, Crawfordsville cooperative observer.

72 Pictured above is damage in the wake of an EF-3 tornado that struck the Woodborn area in rural Allen County east of Fort Wayne on the 24 th. Peak winds were estimated at 160 mph, the highest of any tornado for this historic weather in August. Photo credit is Scott Jordan drone footage for NWS Storm Survey. Pictured below is the Indianapolis Weather Office on the afternoon of the 30 th. This was the 12 th and last 90-degree day in August for the Indianapolis area. This matched August 2011 for the most August days at or above 90 degrees in recent history, and the most since the 16 days in August The record for August is 23 days set in The highest for any month is 28 days set in July 2012.

73 August 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. August 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

74 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 9/ 7/2016 Flood Stage Report August 2016 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Site Stage From To Stage Date Time East Fork White River Seymour, IN Aug 19-Aug /18/2016 7:00 Rivervale, IN /21/2016 8:00 Bedford, IN /21/2016 9:00 Williams, IN /21/2016 6:00 Shoals, IN /18/2016 2:00 Muscatatuck River Vernon, IN /17/ :00 Wheeler Hollow, IN /20/2016 5:00 White River Elliston, IN Aug 17-Aug /17/2016 7:00 Newberry, IN Aug 17-Aug /17/2016 4:00 Edwardsport, IN Aug 19-Aug /17/ :59 Edwardsport SR 358, IN /17/ :59 Petersburg Power PLt IN /19/2016 2:00 Petersburg, IN Aug 20-Aug /19/2016 3:00 Hazleton USGS, IN Aug 20-Aug /19/ :00

75 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): September 2016 DATE: October 6, 2016 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. September 2016 was among the warmest Septembers of record and the warmest for the Indianapolis area since There were only a few areal and flash flood events as heavy precipitation frequency decreased during the month. Brief lowland river flooding occurred in a small portion of southern Indiana. September began dry. Much of the state received little rainfall from the 1 st through the 7 th and from the 11 th through the 15 th. Indiana remained virtually rain-free from the 18 th through the 24 th. The most significant rain event of the month occurred after the return of the warm and humid weather experienced during August. Early on the 8 th, heavy rainfall of 2 to 4 inches fell in northwest Indiana. Later that evening 2 to more than 5 inches of rain fell in southeast Indiana. Heavy rains of 1 to 2 inches returned to central Indiana from late on the 9 th through early afternoon of the 10 th. In less than 3 days, a small portion of southeast Indiana received more than 6 inches of rainfall. Another heavy rain event followed about a week later. Portions of west central and central Indiana received 2 to more than 3 inches of rain from the afternoon of the 16 th through the late morning of the 17 th. In a period of 10 days parts of central and southeast Indiana had received 4 to more than 6 inches of rainfall. The most widespread rainfall of the month followed the 7 to 8 day dry period that ended on the 25 th. Rainfall from a few hundredths to slightly over 2 inches occurred from the afternoon of the 25 th through the morning of the 26 th as a cold front ended September s summer weather. After less than 2 days of dry weather a cool, wet weather pattern prevailed through the end of September. Small areas of northern, eastern, central, and southern Indiana received more than 2 inches of rainfall.

76 Heavy rains on the 8 th caused flash flooding in southeast Indiana followed by lowland flooding of the East Fork White River in Jackson County. The rainfall on the 17 th brought the Eel and White Rivers in west central and southwest Indiana to bankfull levels. River crests were lower than those of August. Lowland flooding along the East Fork White River in Jackson County lasted less than 2 days. A motorist drowned during the evening of the 8 th after his vehicle overturned into the flooded I-74 median in Decatur County. Another death happened on the evening of the 17 th. A kayaker overturned in Big Walnut Creek located in Putnam County. Big Walnut Creek was near flood stage at the time. Overall, September rainfall ranged from below normal to much above normal. The driest areas were in extreme northern and extreme southern Indiana. The wettest area was southeast Indiana. Rainfall in central Indiana ranged from slightly below normal to above normal. Monthly totals measured from around an inch and a half in Gibson County in southwest Indiana to more than 8 inches in Franklin County in southeast Indiana. Most of the state received between 2 and 5 inches of rain during the month. September began with pleasant weather in Indiana as the passage of a cold front on the last day of August ended the warm and humid weather experienced during August. The upper 70s and lower 80-degree weather was short-lived as the warm and humid weather of August returned by the 5 th. The warmest day of the month was the 7 th for most of the state. Afternoon highs reached into the upper 80s and lower 90s in central and northern Indiana and into the middle 90s in southern Indiana. The passage of a cold front on the 9 th brought more seasonable temperatures to the state and the coolest weather since July 2 nd. Morning lows dipped into the low to middle 50s across the state on the 11 th. A prolonged warm spell began by the 14 th and continued through the 25 th. Temperatures in central and southern Indiana reached into the upper 80s and lower 90s from the 20 th to the 25 th. September ended on a cool and wet note as a strong cold frontal passage early on the 26 th ushered in the coolest weather in more than 4 months. Morning lows dipped into the upper 40s across the state on the 27 th. After two pleasant days with afternoon highs in the 70s, a cut off upper level low remained over the state from the 28 th through the 30 th. The clouds and rain showers kept afternoon highs in the 60s for much of the state. Overall, monthly temperatures averaged from 3 to 5 degrees above normal across the state. At the end of September, many areas remained on the wet side. Wet weather during the last week of the month helped alleviate abnormally dry conditions in northeast and southern Indiana. Stream levels were above normal for the season in central and southern Indiana.

77 Pictured above is the south view from the radome at the Indianapolis Weather Office during the afternoon of the 1 st. This was one of the most pleasant afternoons of the summer as the afternoon high was only 77. Pictured above is the morning of the 2 nd. This was one of the few mornings of the summer when the temperature dipped below 60 degrees.

78 Pictured above is the pleasant afternoon of the 2 nd. The afternoon high was only in the upper 70s again. Pictured above is warm, humid afternoon of the 7 th at the Indianapolis Weather Office. The afternoon high reached 90 degrees for the last time this year at Indianapolis. The last 90 degree afternoon in the state did not occur until the 25 th.

79 Pictured above is an aerial view from the office tower cam of the morning of the 11 th. 55 degrees was the coolest morning since July 2 nd. The morning low of Pictured above is the northeasterly view from the radome at the Indianapolis Weather Office on the pleasant afternoon of the 11 th. Downtown was active because of the Colts home opener. This was one of the coolest afternoons since July 3 rd.

80 Pictured above is the easterly view from the radome at the Indianapolis Weather Office on the warm morning of the 22 nd. The autumn equinox was a few hours away. The morning low was only 64 degrees. Pictured above is the morning of the 27 th. The temperature dipped to 48 degrees for the coolest morning since May 22 nd.

81 Pictured above is the very dry afternoon of the 27 th. The temperature reached only 75 degrees with a dew point of 47. The wind gusted to 28mph from the west southwest. Pictured above was a brief break in the rain showers on the 28 th. The afternoon high only reached 63 degrees for the coolest afternoon since May 17 th. The building cumulonimbus in the background dumped part of the rain that totaled 0.80 inches that day.

82 September 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. September 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

83 NWS Form E-3 U.S. Department of Commerce Hydrologic Service Area NOAA, National Weather Service Indianapolis, Indiana 9/30/2016 Flood Stage Report September 2016 Flood Above Flood Stage Crest Crest Stream and Site Stage From To Stage Date Time East Fork White River Seymour, IN Sept 11-Sept /10/2016 4:00 Rivervale, IN /12/ :00 Muscatatuck River Vernon, IN / 9/2016 8:00 Wheeler Hollow, IN /12/ :00

84 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): October 2016 DATE: November 6, 2016 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. October 2016 was among the warmest of record for Indiana. This continued the warm autumn of 2016 that began in September. Central and southern Indiana were mostly dry with only one significant rain event in October as rainfall favored northern Indiana. Very brief high water occurred in small areas of west central and southwest Indiana during the third week of the month. October began dry in central and southern Indiana and remained dry through the 18 th. The largest rain event of the month struck the state from the evening of the 19 th through the morning of the 21 st. Rain totaled 1 to 5 inches for most of the region. The heaviest rainfall of 3 to 5 inches fell in portions of west-central and southern Indiana, including along and north of U.S. Highway 50 and south of Interstate 70. Measurable rain on the 20 th ended the driest start to October in 63 years for locations near Louisville in south central Indiana. For this area, measurable rain fell only on the 20 th and 21 st during the month. The rain of the 20 th was the only rainfall event in October to miss northern Indiana. Rainfall of ½ inch or more fell primarily in northern Indiana on the 1 st, 12 th, 16 th, 26 th -27 th, and the 30 th. The heavy rainfall on the 19 th and 20 th caused the White River from Worthington to Edwardsport in southwest Indiana to approach flood stage. Elevated stream levels followed with the Eel River in west central Indiana, the White River in east central, central, and far southwest Indiana, and the East Fork White River in southern Indiana. The Eel, White, and East Fork White Rivers returned to lower stages in central Indiana by the 25 th. The White River in southwest Indiana returned to more normal levels by the 30 th. Stream flow remained at or above normal in much of the state at the close of October.

85 Overall, October rainfall was below normal in much of the state. Monthly totals ranged from a scant 0.10 inches in Warrick County in southwest Indiana to more than 5½ inches in Lake County in northwest Indiana. Most of the state along and north of U.S. Highway 50 received from 1½ to 3½ inches of rainfall while generally less than an inch of rain fell along and south of a line from Vincennes to Madison in southern Indiana. For the Evansville area this was the 8 th driest October of record and the driest since the record dry month of October For the Louisville area this was the driest October in 29 years. October 2016 was the 6 th warmest October of record for the state of Indiana since All of central and northern, in addition to portions of southern Indiana experienced the warmest conditions since Even warmer weather occurred near the Ohio River in southern Indiana as October 2016 was the warmest in more than 60 years. Monthly temperatures averaged 4 to 7 degrees above normal. There were 6 to 14 days during the month when the temperature averaged 10 to more than 20 degrees above average. Particularly warm periods occurred from the 5 th through the 7 th, the 16 th through the 19 th, and the 29 th and 30 th in central and southern Indiana. Afternoon readings reached into the upper 70s to upper 80s during these times. The warmest October temperature topped out from the lower 80s in northern Indiana to near 90 degrees in southwest Indiana. October 2016 did not have any cold periods. Temperatures would return to normal for October after the passage of a cold front. The coolest mornings of the month were the 22 nd and 25 th. Readings dipped into the lower 30s in northern Indiana, the middle 30s in central and most of southern Indiana, and the lower 40s in portions of southwest and south central Indiana near the Ohio River. Only locations in northern Indiana had a morning when temperatures dropped to or slightly below freezing. None of the state experienced a hard freeze. For the Indianapolis area, the monthly low temperature of 38 degrees was the warmest for October since There have been only 5 Octobers since 1871 when the temperature remained above 37 degrees at Indianapolis. Abnormally dry conditions began to appear in much of central and southern Indiana by the 18 th as a result of the prolonged warm, dry weather in October. Significant rainfall on the 19 th and 20 th ended this dry spell except for portions of southwest and south central Indiana along and south of a line from Vincennes to Madison. After the 21 st, warm and dry weather persisted in this area and D-1 drought conditions appeared by the end of the month.

86 Pictured above is the first sunny afternoon of October at the Indianapolis Weather Office. Afternoon highs on the 3 rd were in the lower 70s in the Indianapolis area. Pictured above is the warmest day of the month for the Indianapolis area. The temperature reached 84 degrees on the 6 th with a dew point of 63 degrees.

87 Pictured above is the morning of the 9 th. This was one of the coolest mornings since May 19 th as the morning low dipped to 47 degrees at the airport. Pictured above is the northeasterly view from the radome at the Indianapolis Weather Office. This is Lucas Oil Stadium in downtown Indianapolis with the roof open on the 9 th during a Colts home game. This was a perfect October afternoon with temperatures in the lower 70s and dew points in the upper 40s.

88 Pictured above is the coolest afternoon of the first half of October. The afternoon high was only 62 degrees with a dew point of 41 degrees on the 13 th. Less than 3 days later, warm humid air returned to the Indianapolis area. Pictured below is the early AM on the 16 th with a temperature of 62 degrees and a dew point of 57 degrees. Temperatures remained more than 10 degrees above normal through the 19 th.

89 Pictured above is an aerial view from the office tower cam during the afternoon of the 17 th. Afternoon highs reached into the low 80s in central Indiana. This was near the end of the October dry spell. Pictured above is the wet field immediately south of the office on the morning of the 21 st. Much of central Indiana received 1 to more than 3 inches. The morning low dropped to 44 degrees at the airport.

90 Pictured above is the coldest morning of October for much of central and southern Indiana. The temperature dipped to 38 degress at the airport on the 22 nd, the coldest morning since May 16 th. Frost appeared on the roof, but not on the vegetation. Pictured above is the warm afternoon of the 29 th as temperatures reached near 80 degrees in central Indiana. The high of 79 at the airport was the warmest for so late in the season since November 1, 1999.

91 October 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. October 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

92 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): November 2016 DATE: December 4, 2016 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). X An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. November 2016 was among the warmest of record for Indiana. This continued the warm autumn of 2016 that began in September. Central and southern Indiana remained on the dry side with most of the month s precipitation falling after the 17 th. Severe drought conditions developed in portions of southern Indiana by the third week of the month. November began dry in central and southern Indiana. Much of the state received less than one-half inch of rainfall through the 17 th, with no rainfall at all in most of the state from the 9 th through the 17 th. The most significant rainfall in this period occurred during the evening of the 2 nd when storms dropped 2 to 4 inches of rain in isolated areas of northern Indiana. Most of the rainfall during November fell on three days...the 18 th, the 23 rd, and the 28 th. Precipitation for this 11-day period totaled 1 to 4 inches. Rainfall of one-half to one and one-half inches fell over the entire state on the 28 th for the most widespread rain event of the month. Overall, November rainfall was near normal to below normal for almost all of Indiana. Only a few locations in northern and west central Indiana received above normal precipitation. The driest locations were in east central and southeast Indiana near the Ohio state border where several areas received less than 1.50 inches. The wettest areas were in northwest Indiana where more than 5 inches fell in Porter County. Much of central Indiana received 2 to 4 inches. Abnormally dry conditions that began in southern Indiana during October expanded in November. Abnormally dry to severe drought conditions developed by the 22 nd in more than half of the state. The driest area was in southern Indiana where moderate to severe drought conditions prevailed. Rainfall on the 23 rd and 28 th brought some relief to the drought conditions in the state.

93 November 2016 was the 6 th warmest November of record for the state of Indiana since Monthly temperatures averaged 3 to nearly 6 degrees above normal. There were 6 to 10 days during the month when the temperature averaged 10 or more degrees above average. Near record to record warmth occurred on the 1 st and 2 nd as afternoon temperatures reached into the upper 70s and lower 80s in central and northern Indiana to the middle 80s in southern Indiana. Near to record warmth returned again on the 17 th and 18 th as afternoon readings peaked in the 70s in central and northern Indiana to lower 80s near the Ohio River in southern Indiana. The Indianapolis International Airport set a new record high of 75 degrees on 18 th. This was the warmest temperature for so late in the year since November 20, The first cold wave of the month brought a hard freeze to all of Indiana on the 12 th and 13 th and ended the growing season. Freezing temperatures on the 12 th were the latest ever at the Indianapolis airport and the latest for the Indianapolis area since There have been only 8 times since weather records began in 1871 that the first freeze occurred on or after November 12 th. The growing season of 213 days was the longest since 1931 and tied for 8 th longest of record with 1881 and The average growing season is 184 days. The second and last cold wave of the month brought the first snow of the season to central and northern Indiana on the 19 th. Snowfall varied from a trace to nearly 2 inches in small areas near the Indiana and Michigan border in northern Indiana. The coldest mornings of the month followed on the 21 st and 22 nd as readings dipped into the upper teens and lower 20s. No river flooding occurred in central and southern Indiana during November. Stream flow at the end of the month was normal to above normal in central and northern Indiana and below normal in small watersheds of southern Indiana. Abnormally dry to severe drought conditions continued into early December in about half of the state.

94 Pictured above is the warmest afternoon of the month. Breezy southwest winds gusted to 25mph as the temperature reached 79 degrees on the 1 st at the airport. Pictured above is a beautiful early November afternoon. The temperature reached 66 degrees on the 6 th at the airport.

95 Pictured above is the crisp, cold morning of the 13 th when the morning reading dipped to 26 degrees at the airport. Clear weather this day made for a perfect view of the super moon that evening. Pictured above is the super moon on the evening of the 13 th. The moon was the closest to earth since January 26, Photo credit goes to Sam Seivers of Vincennes.

96 Pictured above is the breezy, record warm afternoon of the 18 th as winds gusted to 35 mph. The afternoon reading of 75 degrees was the warmest for so late in the year for the Indianapolis area since November 22, Pictured above are small snow pellets that fell during the late morning of the 19 th. The passage of a strong cold front ushered in the coldest weather of the season for the Indianapolis area. The wind gusted to 35 mph.

97 Pictured above is the morning and pictured below is afternoon of the coldest day of November. The morning temperature on the 20 th dipped to 25 degrees but only recovered to 37 degrees during the afternoon. This weather was typical of the 3 rd week in December rather than the 3 rd week of November.

98 Pictured above is the cloudy, gloomy afternoon of Thanksgiving The skies remained cloud covered during all of the daylight hours on the 24 th. This was one of the few completely cloudy days during the month. Pictured above are the partly sunny skies of the 30 th. November ended on a rather warm note as the afternoon high of 54 degrees was 9 degrees above normal.

99 November 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. November 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.

100 NWS FORM E-5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA, NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTHLY REPORT OF RIVER AND FLOOD CONDITIONS TO: NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INFO CENTER, W/OS31 SSMC 2 Room EAST-WEST HIGHWAY SILVER SPRING, MD HSA OFFICE: Indianapolis (IND), Indiana REPORT FOR (MONTH / YEAR): December 2016 DATE: January 8, 2017 SIGNATURE: Albert P. Shipe, Jr. When no flooding occurs, include miscellaneous river conditions, such as significant rises, record low stages, ice conditions, snow cover, droughts, and hydrologic products issued (WSOM E-41). An X inside this box indicates that no flooding occurred within this hydrologic service area. December 2016 was a colder and drier than normal month for much of Indiana. Drought conditions improved during the month even as melted precipitation continued below normal for much of the area. Central and northern Indiana received the first significant snowfall of the winter season. Brief lowland flooding returned to central Indiana for the first time since September. The rains of November turned to snow in northern Indiana on the 4 th as northern Indiana remained on the cold side of weather systems through the 19 th. Snowfall totaled 6 to more than 28 inches during this period. Central Indiana s first taste of winter arrived on the 13 th. Snow of 2 to 5 inches blanketed the area. Southern Indiana remained above freezing for much of the time during these precipitation events and received less than 2 inches of snow. The most extreme weather and precipitation event during the month occurred from late on the 16 th through early on the 18 th. After an arctic blast on the 14 th and 15 th, temperatures in central Indiana rose from the single digits and low teens to the upper 20s late on the 16 th. Light freezing rain from the evening of the 16 th through the late morning on the 17 th glazed road and bridge surfaces in central Indiana. As a result of the freezing rain, I-465 traffic on the northeast side of Indianapolis came to a standstill around 11 pm. Some motorists remained stranded for more than 12 hours in their vehicles. By early afternoon of the 17 th, ice on road and bridge surfaces melted as temperatures in central Indiana rose a couple of degrees above freezing. Elsewhere in the state, northern Indiana received from 1 to 2 inches of snow while 6 to 17 inches fell near Lake Michigan as temperatures remained below freezing. In southern Indiana, spring-like weather invaded extreme southwest Indiana. During the afternoon of the 17 th,

101 the temperature reached 70 degrees at Evansville while readings in northwest Indiana remained in the low 20s. For a short time, a temperature difference of nearly 50 degrees existed between extreme northwest and extreme southwest Indiana. Late on the 17 th, strong thunderstorms developed ahead of the arctic front and dumped more than 3 inches of rain near the Ohio River in extreme south central and southeast Indiana. As winter began, weather conditions moderated in the state. Rains of one-half to slightly more than an inch fell on the 23 rd and 24 th in southern Indiana. On the 26 th, rainfall of one-half to more than an inch returned again to southern Indiana. In north central Indiana, the combination of snowmelt and nearly an inch of rain caused moderate flooding along the Eel River in the upper portion of the Wabash River Basin. Brief lowland flooding quickly followed along portions of the Wabash River in western Indiana. Overall, December s monthly melted precipitation totals ranged from less than an inch in a few areas of west central and north central Indiana to more than 6 inches on the Ohio River in south central Indiana. Much of the state received 1 to 3 inches. Liquid totals were near normal to below normal for almost all of Indiana. Only extreme south central and southeast Indiana near the Ohio River received above normal precipitation. Monthly snowfall ranged from a trace in southern Indiana to over 28 inches near Lake Michigan in northwest Indiana. Much of central Indiana received between 2 and 6 inches while northern Indiana totaled 6 to 24 inches. Southern Indiana received a trace to less than 2 inches. Monthly snowfall was normal to above normal in northern Indiana, near normal in central Indiana, and below normal in southern Indiana. The warm weather of autumn quickly faded in the state during the early days of December. A prolonged cold spell began on the 7 th and continued through the 21 st. Arctic outbreaks on the 14 th and the 15 th and the 18 th to the 19 th brought the coldest air for December in more than a decade to parts of central Indiana as temperatures plunged below zero. With a deep snow pack, morning lows fell to 10 and 16 degrees below zero in portions of northwest and north central Indiana. These were the coldest readings for December since Milder weather returned to the state as winter began on the 21 st. Temperatures rose slowly on Christmas and by the afternoon of the next day on the 26 th, temperatures reached from the middle 50s in northwest and north central Indiana to the middle 70s in south central Indiana. The maximum temperature of 76 degrees at Louisville, Kentucky on the 26 th was a record for the date and tied the all-time record high for the month of December set in Spring-like weather ended on the 27 th with the passage of a cold front. Mild winter weather continued into the New Year.

102 December 2016 was the coldest December since 2010 for much eastern and south central Indiana and the coldest since 2013 for most of western Indiana and the Indianapolis area. Monthly temperatures averaged from near normal to slightly more than 3 degrees below normal. This was the first month where the average monthly temperature was below normal for many locations since May. For central Indiana, December 2016 averaged 12 to 14 degrees colder than last December. December 2015 was the warmest December since Drought conditions improved during the month. The percentage of the state in drought decreased from 75% at the beginning of December to 25% at the end of the year. Portions of west central, north central, eastern, and southern Indiana remained abnormally dry. At the end of the month, mild weather prevailed. Rivers and streams were at normal seasonal levels. All of the snow cover accumulated in December melted. Following the arctic outbreaks, the frost depth reached 6 inches at the Indianapolis weather office on the 21 st. However, with the warm and humid day after Christmas, the ground completely thawed by the 27 th. Pictured above is the afternoon of the 1 st at the Indianapolis weather office. The mild weather of November ended abruptly as the afternoon temperature reached only 40 degrees. A westerly wind gusted to 31mph. This weather was typical of early December.

103 Pictured above is the afternoon of the 5 th. The first significant snow of the winter fell the previous day. Northern Indiana received 1 to 6 inches of snow during the afternoon and the evening of the 4 th. Central Indiana received up to a half of inch of rain. Pictured above is the crisp, cold morning of the 7 th. The morning low was 24 degrees; the coldest to date for December. This was the beginning of a cold spell that persisted in central Indiana through the 21 st.

104 Pictured above is the morning of the 14 th. Three inches of snow remained on the ground after 2 to 6 inches had fallen in central Indiana on the previous day. The first arctic blast dropped the morning low to 3 degrees at the airport, the coldest morning since January 19 th. Pictured above is the afternoon of the 15 th. Following a morning low of 3 degrees, the afternoon high was only 13 degrees. This was the coldest December day for the Indianapolis area since December 24, 2004.

105 Pictured above is the afternoon of the 18 th following the extreme weather of the 17 th. After a high of 35 degrees on the afternoon of the 17 th, the temperature had fallen to 16 degrees. This second arctic blast ushered in the coldest air for the month. Pictured above is sunrise of the 19 th. The morning low fell to minus 1 at the airport. This was the coldest December morning for the Indianapolis area since Christmas 2004.

106 Pictured above is the sunny and cold afternoon of the 19 th. This was the last day in December where the maximum temperature remained below freezing. The afternoon high was 20 degrees. Pictured above is the sunrise on the winter soltisce, December 21 st. The morning low dipped to 22 degrees. This was the end of December s cold weather. Mild weather returned for the remainder of the year.

107 Pictured above are the brief sunny skies of the 24 th. Christmas Eve and Christmas Day were cloudy and gloomy with mild weather and no snow. Pictured above is the mild weather of Christmas The maximum temperature reached 47 degrees at midnight and continued to rise until the afternoon of the 26 th. The high temperature of 66 degrees on the 26 th was one degree shy of tying the record high for the day set in 1875.

108 Picture above are the sunny skies on the 27 th following the passage of a cold front. The record to near record warm weather of the 26 th ended, but mild weather continued into the New Year. Picture above is the morning of the 30 th. Snow squalls during the afternoon of the 29 th left the Indianapolis area with a trace of snow cover. All of this snow melted during the afternoon.

109 December 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation. December 2016 Estimated Monthly Precipitation Departure from Normal.