Ggb `kwu Kv_vI Lyu R cv e bv Kv Zywg

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5 Ggb `kwu Kv_vI Lyu R cv e bv Kv Zywg ÔGgb `kwu Kv_vI Lyu R cv e bv Kv Zywg...Õ Kwe wwgj ivq Kvb ` ki K_v e j Qb? evsjv `k bv Kv vwikv bvwk KvbvWv? Avgv `i gvz f wg hgb Avgv `i gv qi g Zv wcöq, Zgwb cö Z Ki gvz f wgb cö Z Ki Kv Q wcöq ZvB wk ivbvgwu me Rbxb, mevi Rb B mgvbfv e cö hvr A UvwiI ms wn m e L vz- There is no place like this, Where I have been Ac~e wgj i q Q ÔGgb `kwu Kv_vI Lyu R cv e bv Kv Zywg...Õ Mv bi m ½ evsjv ` ki `kvz evak Mv bi Zyjbv bb cövq cöwzwu MvbB Avgvi Kv Q AmvaviY g b nq Ô wz Sjgj gnbv b`xi Kv Q/Avgvi A bk FY Av QÕ A_ev Ôabavb cy úfiv Avgv `i GB emyüivõ wksev ÔRb Avgvi ab n jv...õ 2008 mv ji ww m ^ i GK Rwi c c w_exi 10wU Lvivc kn ii ZvwjKvq XvKv wqj PZy_ ZviciI wj LwQÑ g Zz i ci Avwg evsjv ` k h Z PvB *1 GUv Avgvi KweZvi K_v bq, cöv Yi K_v RxebhvÎvi e qi w`k _ K ivravbx XvKv we k i me P q m v 10 kn ii g a vb K i wb q Q me P q Kg e qeûj (m v) kn ii ZvwjKvq XvKvi Ae vb 10 b ^ i wek L vz B Kvbwg B Uwj R U BDwb Ui me kl Rwi c Gme Z_ ewi q G m Q 140wU kn ii GKwU ZvwjKvq XvKvi vb 139 `xn w`b GB vbwu a i i L Q evsjv ` ki ivravbx A_ vr emev mi me P q Abyc hvmx kn ii LZve _ K gvî GK b ^i wcwq q Avgv `i GB wcöq kniwu *2 ax i ax i evsjv `k DËi Yi w` K G Q evsjv ` ki gvbe Dbœqbm~PK MZ 30 eq i 81 kzvsk e o Q *3 ez gv b 169wU ` ki g a evsjv ` ki Ae vb 129 Dbœqb avivi w`k _ K 95wU ` ki g a evsjv `k Z Zxq Ae v b i q Q Avi jûbwfwëk msmvb jmvuvg Bbw wud Ui Rwi c 110wU ` ki g a my Li wvkvbvq evsjv ` ki Ae vb 96Zg Avi KvbvWv 7Zg *4 19 deªæqvwi Z XvKvq AbywôZ nq 10g wek Kvc wµ KU ZLb KvbvWvi mv _ evsjv ` ki UvBMvi `j cö wz g vp L j 11 deªæqvwi PÆMÖvg wwqv g Zv Z 9 DB K U (37.3 Ifv i 112 iv b A_ vr gvî

6 Ifv ib) n i hvq KvbvWv ZLb gw U«qj cöevmx µxov mvsevw`k dinv` wu Uvi K_vB g b c o- Ô n i Q Avgvi `k, wr Z Q Avgvi `k Õ gvz f wg Avi avîxf wg (?) Î `yõ UvB mz G K_v Ab ^xkvh h wµ KU evsjv `k K we k gh v`v w` q Q MZ 12 Ryb 2010 mv j XvKv weªwuk KvDwÝj GK eqi mgq a i 2,167 R bi Ici M elyv Pvwj q evsjv `k m ú K 15 _ K 30 eq ii Zi Y `i gzvgz cökvk K i Q hgb, kzkiv 85 Rb Zi Y gvevbj e envi K i bv I 73 Zi Yx gvevbj e envi K i, Zi Y `i Av`k w`kwu n Q e½eüz I we `ªvnx Kwe, Zi Yiv g b K i AvMvgx 5 eq i evsjv ` k gšjev`x ivóª niqvi m vebv bb, 35 Rb g b K i `yb xwzi Kvi Y we ` k fveg~wz bó n Q, 70 Rb g b K i `k mwvkfv e Pj Q Ges me P q mylei 88% g b K i Zviv mylx, LyeB mylx *5 G Zv mgm v, msku, wecyj RbmsL v, cövk wzk `y h vm `wi`ªzv ZviciI evsjv `k my Li `k, kvwš i `k ZvB hy³iv ó«i cwîkv w «U Rb v ji cöwz e`b, evsjv `k Avi Zjvwenxb Szwo bq hy³iv ó«i Av ik RbwcÖq cwîkv UvBg g vmvwrb GK Rwi c Rvwb q Q, we k i 10 miv bvixi g a evsjv ` ki cöavbgš x kl nvwmbv 6ô v b KvbvWvi m vwbz Avw`evmx m úö`vq Ab vb Rwi ci wzwb c w_exi miv bvix bîx wn m e ^xk wz I m vb AR b Ki Qb, ` ki Rb hv weij L vwz A`~i-fwel Z wwwruvj evsjv `k n e cöv P i mybrvij vû! Av ik wek miv g vmvwrb wbdr DB Ki ZvwjKvK Z 200 ` ki g a miv 100 ` ki ZvwjKvq evsjv `k 88Zg miv `k *6 Avi KvbvWvi Ae vb Uc U bb Aciw` K hy³ivr wfwëk wbd B KvbwgK dvd Ûkb we k i mylxm~pk ` ki ZvwjKv cökvk K i Q B Uvi b Ui gva g mb Rwi c 143 ` ki g a evsjv ` ki Ae vb 31-G GwU Aek B GKwU mymsev` KviY, evsjv ` ki wb P i q Q gvj qwkqv 33, fviz 35, _vbj vû 41, weª Ub 74, Rvcvb 75, Ggb Kx hy³iv ó«i Ae vb 114-G G Rwi c me kx l i q Q- Kv vwikv! G `kwu cövq AcwiwPZ GKwU `k! G m ú K wewkó wk vwe` Ave`yj gvbœvb wj L Qb, Ô Kv vwikvi Ae vb ga Av gwikvq, wbkviv qv Avi cvbvgvi gvsvgvws GKvbœ nvrvi em wguvi `kwui RbmsL v mv o Pwj-k jv Li g Zv XvKvi GK- Z Zxqvsk gv_vwcqy Avq `k nvrvi gvwk b Wjv ii P qi ewk *7 Ggb GKwU `k, hlv b evsjv ` ki `~Zvevm bb h ` k mbvevwnbx bb 10 11

7 kxzkv ji KvbvWv mvmi cv oi Aciƒc cövk wzk mš ` h i GB kvwš i `kwu Z Av Q ïay myl, my Li c~y Kjv- wk v, ^v, wbqg-kvby b mg ïi ZB D j-l K iwqjvg- evsjv `k, Kv vwikv Ges KvbvWvi K_v Gevi G cöm ½ KvbvWvi wkqy wpî Dc vcb Kwi KviY KvbvWvI ^cœ-my Li `k mviv c w_ex ZB bvbv ai bi Rwic nq G me Rwi c nqz fyjîæwu, wnmvewbkv ki Miwgj _v K ZviciI Rwic jv bvbv Kvi YB i Z enb K i 05 A ±vei 2008-G Ggwb RvwZms Ni Rwi c cökvk, c w_exi f~ ^M n jv f v¼yfvi A_ vr we k i kxl miv vb ïay KvbvWvi f v¼yfvib bq, kxl ` k AviI `yõwu kni wqj h_vµ g nwjd v I Ui Uv Avi A «wjqvi 4wU kni mb mv f gvwk b hy³iv ó«i Kv bv kni vb cvbwb Avevi Ab GKwU Rwi c Rvbv hvq, c w_exi me P q AvKl Yxq Ges cq `i kni wbdbqk Avevi MZ 8 m Þ ^i 2010 hy³ivóªwfwëk PwiwUR GBW dvd Ûkb Rvwb q Q 153wU ` ki g a D`viZvi Î KvbvWv Z Zxq v b i q Q m úöwz BD ivcwfwëk gvk vi KvqvwjwU Ae wjwfs mv f 221wU kn ii g a RxebhvÎvi gv bi Ici M elyv K i Rvwb q Q, emev mi Rb miv kni n jvwf qbv kxl Avi PZy_ v b i q Q f v¼yfvi! G Qvov KvbvWvi A Uvqv 14, Zzlv i GKvKvi e ÿf wg I Rjvkq Ui Uv 16 Ges gw U«qj 21 b ^ i Aciw` K, MZ RyjvB 2010-G U«v fj G RwÝ jvbwj c- v Ui Rwi c Rvbv M Q, we k i 10wU mylx kn ii w`k w` q gw U«qj wøzxq D³ Uªv fj MvBW e j Q, gw U«qj kni cwi Qbœ Avi gw U«qjevmxiv Avš wik Aciva, ^v, wk v, hvzvqvz, evm vb, we bv`b, cwi ek cöf wzi Ici Rwic Pvwj q GK_v cö`vb K i Q cvkvcvwk Rxe ˆewP Î i wepv i Ges cök wzmzfv e kxl v b i q Q KvbvWvi K vjmwi Avi A Uvqv Ges Ui Uvi vbi kx l cövk wzk w`k w` qi KvbvWvi mš ` h i Zyjbv bb cöwzwu cö `kb c _K c _K iƒ c Ac~e my hvm-myweavq we k i me P q mg kn ii ZvwjKvq KvbvWvi Ui Uv wøzxq miv g bvbxz n q Q mvgvb c q Ui e eav b gvwk b hy³iv ó«i wbdbqk K cq b d j Ui Uv wøzxq nq 24wU kni K cq b d j Ui Uv GLb cwiyz n q Q wøzxq ^ cœi kn i wek L vz Avw_ K civgk K cöwzôvb cövbmiqvuvinvdm Kzcvim (wcwwe-bwm) ÔwmwUm Ae AcviPywbwUÕ kxl K h evwl K cöwz e`bwu ˆZwi K i Q KvbvWvi Ui Uv K mlv b jûb, c vwim I nsks qi P qi ` wób `b I RuvKRgKc~Y e j AwfwnZ Kiv nq *

8 Avi f v¼zfvi GZw`b wqj we k i emevm Dc hvmx kn ii kx l `xn w`b Zviv G vbwu a i i LwQj Gev ii ZvwjKvq mb kxl vbwu `Lj K i wb q Q A «wjqvi gj evb *9 n vwj d vbwdì Avš R vwzk wegvbe `i AviI GKevi wegvb ågykvix `i mvwe K mev wbwðz K i wek miv niqvi gh v`v jvf K i Q wegvb ågykvix `i fv Ui wfwë Z Gqvi cvu KvDwÝj B Uvib vkbv ji (GwmAvB) GK Rwic djvd j n vwj d vbwdì cö_g vb AwaKvi K i Avi miv cuv Pi g a A Uvqv wegvbe `i vb c q Q we k i 130wU wegvbe `i wb q Pvjv bv GB Rwi c wbqvgk welq jv wqjñ wegvbe `i e envikvixi msl v, e ` ii cwi vi-cwi QbœZv, Avivg`vqK A c vi vb, e `ikg x `i mšrb eva I mn hvwmzvi g bvfve, hvmv hvm i vi Rb ch vß my hvm-myweav, cvm cvu -cwipqcî I cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎ cix vkvjxb mg qi AwfÁZv Ges KbvKvUvi myweav AjvfRbK cöwzôvb Gqvi cvu KvDwÝj B Uvib vkbvj mybm M elyv cöwzôvb ww KGgGÕi gva g wek e vcx wegvb ågykvix `i gzvg Zi wfwë Z GB Rwic cöwz e`b ˆZwi K i Avevi wek g `v m Ë I m úöwz 24,700 Rb PvKwi c q Q Ges PjwZ eq ii KvqvU v ib A_ bwzk cöe w n q Q 6.1 kzvsk MZ 4 g 2010-G GB Z_ w` q Q vwuw KvbvWv KvbvWvq K wl m ú `i g a i q Q- Mg, IU, evwj, ZvgvK, djg~j I kvkmewr LwbR m ú `i g a i q Q- M vm, Zj, Zvgv, wb Kj, ` v, mvbv, wmmv, i cv, BD iwbqvg cöf wz cövq 45,33,00,000 n±i GjvKvRy o i q Q ebvâj Gme ebvâ j g~j evb KvV cviqv hvq Avi eq i cövq 16,52,528 Ub grm m ú` AvnwiZ nq Ges cöavb cöavb wkí KviLvbvi g a - Lv`, cvbxq, ZvgvK, ivevi, Pvgov, KvV, KvMR, avze e, ivmvqwbk wkí Ab Zg w` Bc mvg mvkvj wimvp Bbw wudu 23wU ` ki 23,673 Rb Awfevmxi Ici Rwic Pvwj q Z_ w` q Q, KvbvwWqvbiv 83% mylx Ges c w_exi wøzxqzg cwiz ß bvmwik Avi 85% mylx bvmwik b`vij vûevmx kx l Ges Z Zxq v b A «wjqvbiv *10 wbdr DBK A bk eqi a ib wk v, ^v, RxebhvÎvi gvb, ivr bwzk cwie k I A_ bwzk MwZkxjZv kxl K cuvpwu kªyx Ges AviI wkqy Dc kªyx wb q cökvk K i Avm Q, me ` kb hv K MÖnY hvm GKwU gvckvwv g b K i wbdr DB Ki me kªyx-dc kªyx wgwj q mvwe Kfv e KvbvWv we k i miv mvz b ^i `k wn m e g bvbxz n q Q Ges KvbvWvB DËi Av gwikvi GKgvÎ `k h wbdr DB Ki miv 10 g a vb AR b K i Q 1, 2 I 3 b ^ i i q Q h_vµ g wdbj vû, mybrvij vû, myb Wb 4 A «wjqv, 5 jy gevm, 6 bii q Avi hy³iv óªi Ae vb 11 b ^ i *11 Aci GK Rwi c Rvbv M Q, KvbvwWqvb `i Mo Avqy A bk ewk Av gwikvb `i P qi KvbvwWqvbiv A bk ewk my ^v i AwaKvix M o 2.3 ewk A_ vr 77/80 eqi euv P * mv j KvbvWv KwgDwbwU nj_ mv f 2 eqi Rwic Pvwj q Rvwb q Q, f v¼yfv ii gvby li Mo 81.1 Avi me P q ewk Rvcvwb `i, 81.2 eqi kvwš i w`k w` qi KvbvWv AZyjbxq we k i wezwk Z jlk (AvqZyj-vn Lvwgwb KZ K g Zz `Ð NvwlZ) mvjgvb i kw` 2009 mv ji 9 Ryb G mwq jb Ui Uv Z GK Abyôv b wm q ` L mlv b Kv bv cywjkb bb `xn w`b AvZ Mvcb K i _vkvi ci KvbvWvi Avgš YB wzwb cö_g 1991 mv j Ui Uv Z cökv k e³ Zv `b KviY, kvwš wcöq KvbvWvevmx KL bvb mš vmx Kvh µg wek vm K i bv D`viZvi w`k w` qi 153wU ` ki g a KvbvWvi Ae vb Avqvij v Ûi mv _ hš_fv e wøzxq *13 c~ e B D j-l Kiv n q Q, Kv vwikvq Kv bv mbvevwnbx bb Z e KvbvWvq _vk ji cöwz ekx hy³iv ó«i mv _ 5 nvrvi gvbj mxgvš GjvKv m Ë I mxgvš i x bb hv kvwš Kvgx iv ó«i Yvewji Ask *14 KvbvWv Ges A «wjqvi gvslv b _vd RÛ AvBj v Û GKB mv _ `yõ ` ki czvkv D o KviY IB Øxcevwo Z `yõ ` ki bvmwikb emevm K i hv c w_exi Avi Kv_vI G ` óvš bb GB wekvj KvbvWvq hw` c w_exi me gvbyl G m emevm K i Zvn j cöwzem gvb j emwz n e 1472 Rb Avi evsjv ` kb cöwzem gvb j Zvi P q ewk gvbyl (2957 Rb) emevm Ki Q 1904 mv j KvbvWvi cöavbgš x DBj d«w jwiqvi fwel ØvYx K iwq jb, Ebwesk kzvãx n e hy³iv ó«i Avwg g b Kwi, KvbvWv wesk kzvãx K wb Ri e j `vwe Ki Z cvi e ZvB ax i ax i wek ivrbxwz Z RvqMv K i wb Q KvbvWv *15 hb KvbvwWqvbiv wek wb q wpwš Z! G mvwm qkb Ae KvbvWv vwuw K Rvbyqvwi Z 4wU ` ki Ici Rwic Pvwj q ` L Q, KvbvwWqvbivB me P q ewk `k cöwgk KvbvWv 95%, Av gwikv 92%, Rvg vwb 84% Avi úb 81 kzvsk Canada is known around the world as a strong and free country. Canadians are proud of their unique identity. We have inherited the oldest continuous constitutional tradition in the world. We are the 14 15

9 only constitutional monarchy in North America *16 G Qvov mikvwi cökvkbv Living in Canada MÖ š Av Q : Canada is a nation butlt by immigrants, a friendly, secure place where you shold soon fell at home. AZGe DwjøwLZ Rwicmg~n mv `q, KvbvWv cövq me wkqy ZB kªô Ges cövq mew`k w` qb kx l AmsL bwzevpk w`k m Ë I KvbvWvq i q Q g Z i f~ ^M - f v¼yfvi KvbvwWqvb `i Rb KvbvWv mwz M e i, MŠi ei Z_ m~î : 1. mvgwqkx, ˆ`wbK msev`, gvp 04, 2010, XvKv 2. B Kvbwg B Uwj RÝ BDwbU, hy³ivr, deªæqvwi RvwZms Ni Dbœqb Kg m~wpi (BDGbwWwc) wndg vb W fjc g U cöwz e`b, ˆ`wbK Kv ji KÉ, Rvbyqvwi 26, ˆ`wbK RbKÉ, Ryb 13, 2010, XvKv 6. wbdr DBK, 23 AvM, 2010, XvKv 7. PZyi½, ˆ`wbK RbKÉ, GwcÖj 20, 2010, XvKv 8. Ab jvbb mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, g 19, B Kvbwg B Uwj RÝ BDwbU, hy³ivr, deªæqvwi mvßvwnk AvRKvj, Ryb 04, 2010, Ui Uv 11. wbdr DBK, A ±vei 2011, hy³ivó«12. ev qv Wg m U«vjm ccy jkb nj_ gwu«rvb vj, GwcÖj 26, 2010, wbdbqk 13. P vwiwu GBP dvd Ûkb, m Þ ^i 08, 2010, hy³ivr 14. mvßvwnk hvmv hvm, RyjvB 09, 2010, gw U«qj 15. Ab jvbb mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, gvp 24, 2011, Ui Uv 16. Discover Canada/ The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship. Edition 2010, Canada. Page/ n vwc ev_ W Uy KvbvWv GKmgq ejv n Zv, weªwuk ivr Z m~h v bb, weªwu ki c~e -cwðg GKvKvi mb m~ Î weªwuk `i Jcwb ewkkzv wqj KvbvWv ZI wbixn KvbvwWqvb `i cö_ g d«vý c i weª Ub kvmb K i Q `xn mgq KvbvWvi BwZnv m A bk i³v³ hy Av Q, hy i wz Av Q Avgv `i gnvb werq w`e mi g Zv `kwu 1867 mv ji 1 RyjvB weªwuk K jvwb _ K gyw³ AR b K i KvbvWv gy³ n ji weª U bi mv _ wfbœ eüb i q Q A_ vr GL bv cö_vmz wewa gvzv ek G iv ó«i cöavb n Qb weª U bi ivbx GwjRv e_ Zvi AbyK~ j cöwzwbwaz K ib wbe vwpz Mfb i Rbv ij hw`i ivó«cwipvjbvi Î ivbxi Kv bv wbe vnx gzv bb Zvi c` g~jz AvjsKvwiK ZvB KvbvWvi Wjv i i q Q weª U bi m vwbz ivbxi Qwe ivbx K wb q i q Q Avjv`v m½xz Zvi cö_g ek G ikg : God save our gracious Queen,/ Long live our noble Queen,/ God save the Queen: / Send her victorious, / Happy and glorious, / Long to reign over us: / God save the Queen. *1 ïay ivbxb bb; ivrcwievii m vwbz ZvB KvbvWvi ivrzš cwš iv wcöý DBwjqvg n vwi K Zv `i ` ki ivrv wn m e `L Z Pvb Zviv Pvb wcöý DBwjqvg jûb _ K A Uvqvq G m vqx wbevm M o Zyjyb m úöwz KvbvWvi ivrzš cwš iv Ô WBwj UwjMÖvdÕ K Zv `i G B Qvi K_v e ³ K i Qb Ô gvbviwk wjm Ae KvbvWvÕ bv g GKwU msmv bi KzB ek cö ` ki gylcvî GwU qb e qmfvu e j Qb, Avgiv PvB weªwuk ivrcwiev ii Z Zxq DËivwaKvi wcöý n vwi KvbvWvi ivrv nb Ryb Z n vwi Avi beea~ KU wgwju bi KvbvWvq AvMgb Dcj KzB e Ki ivrzš we ivaxiv we vf Kg m~wp NvlYv K iwqj- ÔDBwjqvg ewi q hviõ BwZc~ e 2009 mv j wcöý Pvj mi gw U«q j ivrzš we ivax `i we v fi gy L c ob *2 KvbvwWqvb Avw`evmxiv GLv b LyeB m vwbz ivó«xqfv eb bwuf `i i Ë `qv nq Zviv kni _ K `~ i MÖv g emevm K ib Zv `i wb q MÖš jl Ki GKwU KweZv- Ôey ovõ mvm ii bvbvrj gvlv wg_ jvwrk vj RvnvR bvo i bv gv, b g- BwZnv mi c_ a i Lvwj cv q nu U hvi R vk KvwZ q Ly ur Z _v Kv Rb K ve Ui c`wpý hb g c ji Siv ïk bv cvzv; 17

10 Ly ur Z Ly ur Z, nuvu Z nuvu Z, h Z h Z... q K iv cv wejyß-wejxb wbr b iv vi Dcwb e ki kl cöv š Kz e Ki ci KvbvUv cwi q BWv Kvbv MÖvg DËi DcK jxq mb Abvwe Z mo Ki bvg ei d gy Q M Q Av `vgvb Øxccy Äi ev fvlxi kl gvbylwui g Zv nvn i e K li Kzwc R vwj q- Avw` m úö`v qi me kl fvlv wb q e m Av Q- DBwKwcwWqvi f~wgcyî e ey ov, whwb Rxe b Kv bvw`b kv bbwb Kv bv bexi bvg fvov Kv Vi k vijv Rvovmuv Kv c iv jb ˆbF Z AvOy ii LZ, UKU K «ewi Lvgvi bvk eivei Reªv-cvov Qvwo q ZvjMvQ GK cv q `uvwo q Wvb w` K nuvm fwz `wlbv b`x- m U j iý wbg j Rj Qy u q hvq A UvwiIi ^M xq meyrzv, Z iv cuvcwoi dzj evgw` K GKUy A`~ i wbixn R j `i ỳ ª emzevwo hviv Rxe b Kv bvw`b kni ` LwbÑ n R vk, Zywg wk KLbI KvbvwWqvb ARcvov Muv ` LQ? hlv b GLbI nvz-evwj k gv_v i L Nygvq kx Zi m~h! *3 `w Y gnvmvmi, AvUjvw UKv Ges c vwmwdk GB wzb gnvmgy `ª cwi ewóz KvbvWv c w_exi wøzxq e nëg `k A_ vr 99,76,186 em wk jvwguvi hvi ivó«xq bvg- Wwgwbqb Ae KvbvWv KvbvWvq 10wU cöwfý Ges 3wU Uwi Uvwim i q Q mikvwi cwimsl vb ms v vwuw Km KvbvWvi ww m ^i 2010 gvzv ek RbmsL v 34,238,000 Rb f v¼yfvi we k i f~ ^M ïay ZvB bq, KvbvWv kiyv_ x Ges BwgMÖ v U `i Rb I ^M ivr ez gv b Awfevmxi msl v cöwz 5 Rb KvbvwWqvb `i g a 1 Rb KvbvWvi mikvwi fvlv Bs iwr Ges d«â n ji GLv b kzvwak fvlvq K_v e j KvbvwWqvbiv KviY KvbvWv gvwëkvjpvivj A_ vr eûrvwzi ms wzi `k cö Z KB wfbœ RvwZ I ms wzi cöwz kª vkxj d j KvbvwWqvbiv RvwZMZ ˆewP Î ewy j 1971 mv j ZrKvjxb cöavbgš x wcqv i Uª y Wv GB eûrvwzk ms wzi cöez K ez gvb KvbvWvi me QvU cö `k wcöý GWIqvW AvBj vû K ejv nq Mv W b Ae KvbvWv GB g bvig Øx c weªwukiv we`vq bqvi mgq ˆeVK K i KvbvWv K AvbyôvwbK ^vaxbzv cö`vb K i (RyjvB 01, 1967) A UvwiI, KzB ek, bfv vwkqv Ges wbd eªæýdbk GB PviwU cö `k hvm`vb K i wkš mb mgq wcöý GWIqvW 18 AvBj vû hvm `qwb w` q Q A bk c i ch vqµ g Ab vb cö `k KvbvWvi mv _ hy³ nq Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia & New Brunswick, Manitoba, Territory: Northwest Territories British Columbia Prince Edward Island Territory: Yukon Alberta & Saskatchewan Newfoundland Territory: Nunavut. * mv j ^vaxbzv jv fi ci `kwui bvg Kx n e, Kx n Z cv i, Kx n j my `i n e G wb q Av jvpbv, wpš v-fvebv P j KvbvWvi cö_g cöavbgš x m vi Rb Av jkrvûvi g vk Wvbv ìi bz Z wkswg Ae KvbvWv, KvbvwWqv, Kjvw ^qv, K v evwuqv, Digvwjqv, weªuvwbqv, wbd weª Ub, jvd iw Uqv, BDwbqb Ae ` g vwiuvbgm cöf wz cö v ei ci P ovš nqñ Wwgwbqb Ae KvbvWv 144 eqi Av M KvbvWv ^vaxb n ji GL b ivó«xqfv e wewfbœ welq cwiez b, cwiea b, ms hvrb nq Ges n Q hgb : K mv j RvZxq czvkvi bkkv K i Zv Aby gv`b Kiv nq 1965 mv ji 15 ww m ^i L mv ji 1 RyjvB ÔI KvbvWvÕ... MvbwU K RvZxq m½x Zi gh v`v `qv nq 19

11 KvbvWv W Dcj RgRgvU n q I V cy iv KvbvWv bzyb mv R mw¾z n q I V mviv `k bvbvb Kg m~wp Z gylwiz nq KvbvwWqvbiv Zxeª kx Zi k l R M IVv Ac~e cök wzi mv _ wg jwg k GKvKvi n q hvq ivravbx A Uvqv _ K ïi K i cöwzwu UwiUwiqvm I cöwf ÝB ivó«xqfv e cvwjz nq KvbvWvi Drme Avw`evmx _ K ïi K i Awfevmxiv cö Z KB wbr wbr ms wzi gva g eiy Ki Q KvbvWv WÕ K mvgvi zj-k jr QywU mb mv _ mikvwi QywU *6 me wgwj q KvbvwWqvbiv eûgvwîkfv e MŠi ei mv _ KvbvWv W cvjb K i Ges j vwak cöevmx evovwji w`b K Avb `gq K i D`hvcb Ki Q gw U«qj ïi n q Q 24 Ryb _ K 1 RyjvB ch š bvbvb Kg m~wp KviY, 24 Ryb KzB ek W ZvB cy iv mßvn cwi q ga gwy n q I V KvbvWv W ZvB ï f Qv- ^vmzg-awfb `b Rvwb q ewj: n vwc ev_ W Uy KvbvWv cvj v g U feb A_P MvbwUi ipbvkvj 1880 mvj M mv j ÔWwgwbqb WÕ bvg cwie Zb K i 1 RyjvB ÔKvbvWv WÕ NvlYv Kiv nq KvbvWvi `yb Ô vbwjõi Kv Q K ZÁ GKRb K vjmwii ˆmwbK, whwb g cj ( h g cjwjc evsjv ` ki kvcjv dz ji g Zv ivó«xq cözx Ki gh v`v cvq) LwPZ RvZxq czvkvi bkkv ˆZwi K ib Av ikrb gw U«q ji ievu Ô vbwjõ, whwb RvZxq m½x Zi ipwqzv, hvi myi K ib K vwj jvfvwj g~j MvbwU 1880 mv j divwm fvlvq n ji c i Zv 1927 mv j Bs iwr Z Abyev` Kiv nq : O Canada! Our home and native land. True patriot love in all thy sons command. With glowing hearts we see thee rise, The True North strong and free! And stand on guard, O Canada, We stand on guard for thee. O Canada, Glorious and free. O Canada, we stand on guard for thee. O Canada, we stand on guard for thee. *5 20 Z_ m~î: / Ab jvbb mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, Ryb 30, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 3. ˆ`wbK Kv ji KÉ, C` msl v 2010, XvKv 4. Discover Canada/ The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship. Edition 2010, Canad. Page/ KvbvWvi RvZxq QywUmg~n: New Year s Day January 01 Sir John A. Macdonald Day January 11 Good Friday Friday immediately preceding Easter Sunday Easter Monday Monday immediately following Easter Sunday Vimy Day April 9 Victoria Day Monday preceding May 25 (SovereignÕs Birthday) Fête Nationale (Quebec) June 24 (Feast of St. John the Baptist) Canada Day July 1 Labour Day First Monday of September Thanksgiving Day Second Monday of October Remembrance Day November 11 Sir Wilfrid Laurier Day November 20 Christmas December 25 Boxing Day December 26 21

12 cy iv `kuvb GKwU Ac~e cvk c w_exi cöwzwu v bib c _K c _K wbr ^ mš `h Av Q wkš Zv nq ZvÑ Ô `Lv nq bvb, Pÿz gwjqvõ; hgb- evsjv ` ki K evrvi wksev KzqvKvUvi mgy`ª mkz A_ev my `ie bi Aciƒc bv `wbk mš `h h Kv bv ch UK K gy» K i bvixi mš ` h i P q cövk wzk mš `h A bk ewk eûgvwîk Ges gy»ki bvixi kvixwik mxgv ilv Av Q, wkš cök wzi mb mxgve Zv bb, Amxg we k i eû `k Ges eû AvKl Yxq vb ` LwQ, GLb Zv GKUv _ K Av ikuvi gy»zv Avjv`v Ki Z cvwi bv Ifvi jc n q hvq BD iv ci Kv bv kni wg k hvq DËi Av gwikvi fzi, Avevi A ªwjqvi Kv bv ` k `ªexf~Z n q Ø Ø weåvš m wó K i KvbvWvi Kv bv cöwf Ýi mv _ wksev Gwkqvi Kv bv GKwU ` k Ab ARvbv Av ik ` k vewj Z fzi wg j-awg j ˆZwi K i f~ Mv ji MvjKauvav! XvKv Avgvi cöv Yi wcöq kni; Zvici A Uvqv wqgqvg, mvrv bv- MvQv bv QvU kniwu GKwU wekvj ` ki ivravbx cöevm Rxe bi AvU gvm KvwU qwq mb kn i ` LwQ, ivrc _ e bi nwi Yiv G m ÔniZvj K iõ nvicvi K Ae iva K i i L Q! ivravbx A Uvqv K U bwzk kni n ji kniwu K g b nq, hb Kv bv wek L vz wpîkv ii AuvKv GKUv Ac~e bmœ bvix ï q Av Q hvi PyjwPeyK- PvL-bvK-gyL- b ` ni fuvr, cv qi cvzv Qwo q Av Q emyi _ K Awj Ý ch ší f~ cb nvrvwikvi evsjv Mv bi vb c q Q A Uvqv b`xi Ac~e Dcgv h b`x Z mvgv i f m eovq AmsL bškv Avevi kx Z RgvUeuvav eidr j P j wus Ljv IqvUvi j fj _ K K qkk dzu DuPy cvnv oi Dci `ok eqi Av M bv `wbkzvq wbwg Z n q Q KvbvWvi cvj v g U nvdm nvd mi cö ek c _ MvjP i w`bivz a i R jr j Ki Q Awbe vy wklv Q hb cöwzwu Av jvwkz cö ` ki cözxkx cö`xc R j Q Aciw` K cz cz K i Do Q cöv `wkk czvkv kxz cöavb `k KvbvWv kx Zi ^Zš mš `h Av Q we kl K i wkgyj Zy jvi ïåkv`v mœv, `y ai m ii g Zv aea e eid, Pviw` K Kvke bi g Zv Ac~e ` k hv wb q Kweiv KweZv ipbv K i Qb hgb GKwU M` KweZvi Ask 22 we klt ÒLyu R cvw Q bv GKwU kxz gvrv Ges GKwU AvOyj A_P AvR g½jevi gvbbvm ZBk wkgyj Zy jvi g Zv Zygyj Zvjcvo K i Do Q evzv m Avi AvKvk _ K cix `i cvcwo Si Q hb cîwenxb a~mi `ytlx b vov e R g _v K e`bv I fvjevmvi e v ÛR, ei di Uvci ^M xq mœv, mœv-cvwl g c ji Wv j Wv j mg ez ï q Av Q hb Kvke b e Ki weqvbv Avi `yam ii wb P XvKv c o M Q Kvbbyb gv b mv ci evmv Pviw` K wpkwpk K i hb Pyb-wPwb-byb-gi evwj- Zvjwgwkª-wdUKvwii iv `jv gvv Avi GwfwbD jv Z wngwkg Lv Q jey wquv bv mœv c-vd evzv m G jv g jv wkgyj Zy jvi Zygyj Zvjcvo... `y»mv`v irbxmüvi Pv` i XvKv `k w`m š `k cö `k aea e RvQbvcix `i bmœmœvb kl n jb eid-rj R g R g mgvš ivj n e b`xf~wg c-vm 23 Zi Yx AvenvIqvi AvÇvq nvz gvrv Ly j i L Mj kxzmgmö, M q Mj kx Zi MxZ, Rvwb q Mj kxz-ï f Qv QywUi w` bi wd«wrs ib bi mv vk e Zxeª IBÛwPj! nvq Avgvi nvz gvrv, MZev ii kxz gvrv KB? Kxfv e Kzove kxz, Kzove kxzdzj!ó *1 Avevi MÖx cv ë hvq cy iv cövk wzk wpî hb mv`v BDwbdg Q o cök wz meyr W«m mvr Z _ K ZLb Aciƒ c mw¾z wekvj `kwub GKwU ^M xq D` v b cwiyz nq mb bqbvwfivg bv `wbk mš ` h i kl Lyu R cvq bv 23

13 ch UKiv Qq FZyi `k evsjv `k Avi Pvi FZyi KvbvWv cö_g FZy n Q ÔdjÕ ev ngš Kvj ( m Þ ^i _ K b f ^i) wøzxq- ÔDB UviÕ ev kxzkvj (ww m ^i _ K deªæqvwi) Z Zxq- Ôw úªsõ ev emš Kvj, (gvp _ K g) PZy_ Z- ÔmvgviÕ ev MÖx Kvj, (Ryb _ K AvM ) cöwzwu FZyiB wfbœ wfbœ ˆewkó aviy K i Avi c _K c _Kiƒ c iƒckygvixi g Zv Aciƒc n q D V Avevi cöwzwu cö ` ki mš `h ^Zš kx Z hgb mœv-ei d aea e mv`v n q hvq cy iv `k, Zgwb mvgv i mey R mey R m ú~y wecixziƒ c iƒcmx Avevi d j Mv Qi cvzv jv GKUy GKUy K i io e`jv Z e`jv Z i Oi nvwj Ljvq g Z D V hb- Ôwe q evwo/iwob kvwo/nvi g b hvq i Oi LjvqÕ... meyr _ K nvjkv njy`, njy` _ K jvj-kgjv, Zvici a~mi n q S i c o ZLb buov gv_vq `uvwo q _v K e g b c o wb RB Kve MÖ š i bvg- GwK KvÐ cvzv bb! GB cvzv evnvwii Aciƒc iƒcvš i wpîk ii wkík g i P qi ˆkwíK hgb aiv hvk, wbddûj vû GÛ jveªv Wv ii K_vB DËi Av gwikvi Own Time Zone- Gi GB cöwfýwu hb mš ` h i ivrkzgvix ïay mš ` h B bq m ú `I mg KviY, GB cö `k n Q- Diamond Capital of North America. Zgwb Avevi A UvwiI Z i q Q wek L vz bvqmöv djm Ges cuvpwu me e nr jk, hv mgy`ª mv` k b_ I q UwiUwiqv m i q Q DËi Av gwikv wøzxq e nr 4200 wkwjwguv ii gkvwä b`x weªwuk Kjw ^qvi i q Q 600wU e qeûj cöwfwýqvj cvk cvk jv Mvp-Nb meyr h, wb Pi gvwu Z iv `i `Lv g j bv AvjevU vq i q Q 5wU b vkbvj cvk GK evd b vkbvj cv K B cöwz eq i Mo ch U Ki msl v Pwj-k jvl cöwzwu cv K i i q Q ^vzš Zv hgb, f v¼yfv ii B- vbwj cv K i q Q c w_exi e nëg iw wmwvi MvQwU b vkbvj wrimövwdl vz GB wmwvi MvQwUi eo 30 wguv ii g Zv `kwu Z cövq 45,33,00,000 n±i GjvKvRy o i q Q ebvâj ZvB cv K i `k KvbvWv kz mnmª cv K cwimsl vb `qv KwVb hvi AvqZb n e evsjv ` ki P q K qk Y cy iv Ui Uv kniuvb cv K cwic~y Ô ` ki me P q eo cvk AvjevUª vi ev d jv DW b vkbvj cvk hvi AvqZb 17 nvrvi 2k 99 em gvbj wm½vcy ii P q 81 Y eo wm½vcy ii P q eo GiKg cv K i msl v 21wU cöwzwu cvk B cïcvwl `i Rb AfqviY Õ *2 c~ e B D j-l K iwq, MÖx cy iv `kuvb GKUv wekvj cv K cwiyz nq? cvnvo, ce Zgvjv, wmwi- nv, DcZ Kv, gvjf~wg, ebf wg, mgf~wg, Lvgvi Avi cv K i eyk wp i e q hviqv jk ev b`xi cv oi PvL Sjmv bv mš `h GK K_vq Zyjbvnxb ZvB KvbvWv K ejv nqñ fvwr b Kvw U«jK ûib A UvwiIi 590 em gvbj AvqZb `xn eªæm cwbbmyjv cvk wu e ivwri ivr Z ÔcÖvYxwe`, Dw ` Avi cövwyrm Zi ^M vr Õ hlv b cövyx Avi e i cörvwzi kl bb Ac~e AwK Wi cörvwzb i q Q cövq câvk ik gi Kv_vI Kv_vI dzj Avi dj Ges cvzvi cv_ K evsv gykwkj Avevi UwiUwiqv m m e v P mvgv i w` bi Av jv _v K 24 NÈv m~h Wy e bv ek K qk gvm mrb - Land of The Midnight Sun e j L vz Avevi kxzkv j gv mi Rb AÜKv i Wy e hvq kx Zi gvîv me wbgœ (-63) wmwm ikw n q Q BDK b Abyfe K ib mb fq¼i kx Zi ZxeªZv! KvbvWvq KZ mnmª cvk ev ch Ub K `ª Av Q, Zvi cwimsl vb `qv cövq Am e KZ ai bi, KZ ik gi wewpî cv K i QovQwo mvmi, DcmvMi, b`x, cvnvo, `xccyä wg j wg k GKvKvi n q Av Q ïay A Uvwi ZB Øx ci msl v 30 nvrvi Ui Uv kn i mv _B A UvwiI j Ki fzi m Uvi AvBj vû bšhv b h Z mgq jv M gvî wgwbu GB we bv`- K `ª Kx Ac~e cövk wzk cwi ek A`~ ib Av ik Øx ci fzi QvÆ GKwU wegvbe `i- AvBj vû Bqvi 24 25

14 cvu GB AvBj v Ûi mv _ mzy Ki Z P qwqj KZ c wkš wcöwgqvg Wëb g vk Bw U Øx ci cwi ek bó n e e j Zv AbygwZ `qwb Zvi G wm v š i Kvi Y RbwcÖqZv e o hvq Ges wzwb (2003 mv j BiwbG B f mi g Zy i ci) Aš e Z xkvjxb _ K wecyj fv U werqx n q g vk Bw U Avevi wcöwgqvg c ` wbe vwpz nb Ui Uv Avi wbdbq K i gv S i q Q Ô_vD R U AvBj vû Õ `L Z- `L Z gy» n q Mjvg, `Ljvg- GKB evwo Z GKB LyuwU Z Do Q KvbvWv Ges Av gwikvi czvkv ^vgx nqz KvbvwWqvb ev x Av gwikvb, d j `yõ ` ki czvkvb cz cz Ki Q hb DËi Av gwikvi GKgvÎ bvg vý j v Ûi hš_ Lvgvi QvU QvU nvrvilv bk Øxccy Ä hb Avie irbxi nvrvi ivrkzgvixi wbr b wbevm g b n Q- ivrkb v K LyuR Z LyuR Z mvmi _ K nqz f m Avm e iƒck_vi Wvwjg Kzgvi GKwU Øx c GKwU evwo nqz GKw` K QvÆ evmvb, Ab w` K cvnv oi K j Rjwmuwo GKUy `~ i DVv b Lvjv AvKv ki wb P ˆeVKLvbv mlv b hviqvi Rb QvU Kv Vi muv Kv ev Szjš mzy wbp w` q e q hv Q RjZi½ mü v Nwb q G jv Øx c ˆe`y wzk evwz bb Avw`evmx `i g Zv ey bv-kv Vi evwo Z R j DV jv wbfz wbfz cö`xc G ikg ` k ` LwQjvg- myb Wb _ K wdbj v Û hviqvi bšåg Y Gevi _vd R U AvBj v Û Rjhv b Nyi Z Nyi Z g b n jv- QvU QvU evwo jv R ji Dci kvcjvi g Zv `yj Q, cùdz ji g Zv fvm Q hgb el vkv j evsjv `k MÖvg jv eb vq fvm Z _v K _vd R U AvBj v Ûi fvmgvb evwo jv Avb `, we bv` bi Avi evsjv `k fvmgvb MÖvg jv wecbœ, e`bvi cv_ K GB AvwU K, c vwmwdk Ges AvUjvw UK wzb gnvmvm i Niv `kwui cöwzwu cö ` ki mv _ i q Q mvgyw`ªk Quvqv, hv cöwzwu cö ` ki mš `h K w` q Q bzyb gvîv GLvbKvi cövk wzk cwi e ki ey bv w` Z M j fvlv _ g hvq _vwg q w` Z nq wcöq iex `ªm½xZ Ô g cj mš ` h AvZ vûwzõ MÖ š gvnveyeyj nvmvb bxi i gy»zvi K_v Dc vcb KiwQ- Ôe ivwri cvzv PzB q PzB q co Q mxgvnxb iƒc! G iƒ ci mvm i h gb Wy e hvq, m gb K úk I Ki Z cv i ev hb RM Zi miv m½xzi x g bi K_vUvB e j em jv, ÔMvbUv eü K i eis cvzvi io `wl Õ AvwgI GgbwU PvBwQjvg eü K i w`jvg Mvb kni _ K cvk wui `~iz Lye ewk bq, wek wgwb Ui WªvBf gv S gv S Avwg Mvwoi MwZ Kwg q GKUz ax i Pjvi Póv KiwQjvg D Ïk, Av iv fv jv K i cök wzi G iƒc K MÖnY Kiv Z e me mgq Zv n q DV Q bv Kbbv, Gme ` k B Q Ki jb hgb ax i Mvwo Pvjv bv hvq bv, Avevi B QgvwdK w úwi Zvjv hvq bv mvg b- cq b Mvwo ` L mveav b Pj Z nq wbqg g bb 26 c _i av ii e ivwri iƒc-myav cvb Ki Z Ki Z GKmgq Avgiv cuš Q Mjvg w úöse vsk cv K bvbv Rv Zi emygvi e my kvwfz wekvj cv K i me Î ewy j AvnŸvb hb D`vË Avgš Y Rvbv Q, n iƒc wcqvmx, G mv, K iv gvi myav cvb gvi iƒc mvm i K iv mœvbõ * G kxzkvjxb Awjw úk D Øvab Kv j Awjw ú Ki cöwm W U R vk cj e j Qb, GK Rxe b cy iv KvbvWv `Lv m e bq KvbvWvi 14 nvrvi wk jvwguvi Ry o iji qi buiqvk Ui Uv _ K f v¼zfvi ch š c vwmwdk ijc_ me P q `xn G Z we bv`g~jk åg Yi PgrKvi mye e v i q Q hw` K qk w` bi Uª bi my`xn Avivg`vqK ågy Kiv hvq, Zvn j cök wzi weij mš `h Dc fvm Kiv m e KvbvWvi 70% f~wg Rbk~b gvb ji ci gvbj kz kz mgf wg, ebf~wg `xn nvbi q a i jsw«vb fi mgq cök wzi cö g c o Avgiv eûevi c_ nvwi q Mvb M qwq- Ô Kv_vI Avgvi nvwi q h Z bb gvbv Õ Z_ m~î : 1. mv Z AvwQ, cuv P bb/mvbdzjøvn gvngỳ `yjvj cökvkk : bv `wbk/cökvkkvj : deªæqvwi 2012, XvKv c ôv cv K i fzib A bk jv cvk /KvbvWvi wpwv/ ZvRyj gvn `, cökvkk : Ab cökvk, cökvkkvj : eb gjv 2007, XvKv c ôv g v cj mš ` h AvZ vûwz/gvnveyeyj nvmvb bxi / cökvkk : wek mvwnz feb cökvkkvj : eb gjv 2011, XvKv c ôv-45 4 BDwKwcwWqv Ges Mj 27

15 f v¼yfv i iex `ªbv_ Canada must believe in great ideals. She will have to solve the most difficult of all problems, the race problem. Rabindranath Tagore Vancouver, 1929 K. iex `ªbv_ VvKyi Zuvi ey vx Rxe b 17 evi we `k ågy K i Qb wkš GKevi A ªwjqv hvbwb; ZvB wb qb Kjvg wj L Qb eüzei ARq `vk ß Avgv `i mšfvm h, wzwb Aš Z GKevi KvbvWvq G mwq jb KvbvWv wb q wzwb KweZv wj L Qb, e³ Zv w` q Qb, wee wzi w` q Qb Zuvi wkíkg wb q wpîkg cö`k bxi n q Q KvbvWvq GLb Zv ixwzg Zv bvbvfv eb iex `ªPP v n Q kzel Av M ågy GLbKvi g Zv GZ mnr RjfvZ wqj bv Rj-Rvnv Ri ågy wqj LyeB mgqmv c Ges KwVb e vcvi ZviciI wzwb 1916 _ K 1934 mvj ch š 18 eqib wzwb wewfbœ `k ågy K i KvUvb d j Zuvi iwpz ågymvwnz I mg 1913-G bv ej cyi vi cövwßi ci mvivwek fvizxq Kwe iex `ªbv _i e vcv i we klfv e AvMÖnx n q I V d j wewfbœ `k _ K Avm Z _v K Avgš Yi ci Avgš Y AwaKvsk Avgš Y mvov w` q Qb iex `ªbv_; RvnvR hv M eû ` k M Qb; cwiwpz n q Qb wewfbœ ` ki weørb I ivr-ivrv `i mv _ eû v b, eû we` vqz b, eû mfvq ^K É KweZv cvv K i ïwb q Qb, e³ Zv w` q Qb Zuvi Rxe bvcjwä I `k b Ges Zuvi Kv e i gg evyx Gfv e Kwe mivmwi wek gvby li Kv Q cuš Q w` q Qb cöev mi Rxe b Zuvi nv Z c~iexi g Zv i Z c~y Kve iwpz n q Q Zuvi m ½ mv v Zi d j eûrb Zuvi KweZv Abyev ` D ` vmx n q Qb 1878 _ K 1932 mvj ch š iex `ªbv_ VvKzi cuvpwu gnv ` ki ZwÎkwUiI ewk `k ågy K iwq jb *1 Z e Bsj vû I gvwk b hy³ivó«ev` w` j Ab `kmg~n ågy K i Qb Z bv ej cyi vicövwßi ci `k jv n jvñ d«vý, nsks, Pxb, ejwrqvg, mybrvij vû, Rvg vwb, WbgvK, myb Wb, Aw «qv, P Kvk-vfvwKqv, Av R w Ubv, BZvwj, bii q, nv ½wi, 28 hy Mvk-vwfqv, eyj Mwiqv, i gvwbqv, wmöm, wgmi, wm½vcyi, B `v bwkqv, _vbj vû, Rvcvb, evg v, nj vû, mvwf qu ivwkqv, Bivb, BivK Ges kªxjskv (DBwKwcwWqvi GB ZvwjKvq f v¼yfvi åg Yi K_v D jøl bb!) hv nvk, Zuvi we `k ågy ïi nq 1878 mv j c vwim n q jûb Mg bi gva g 1934-G kªxjskv (wmsnj) ågy k l Kwe kvwš wb KZ b d ib 28 Ryb Gici wzwb Avi we `k åg Y hvbwb GB ågy jvi g a A bk jvb iex `ªbv _i Rxe b AZ š i Z c~y vb AwaKvi K i Av Q Gi gva g wzwb fvi Zi evb i wb Ri ipbv K mycwiwpz K i Zv jb Ges cöpvi K ib Zuvi ivr bwzk gzv`k GKB m ½ eû Avš R vwzk mvwnwz K I ivr bwzk e w³ Z i m ½ Zuvi mv vr nq *2 AvaywbK fvi Zi ï f Qv `~Z iex `ªbv_ iex `ªbv _i f v¼yfvi ågy wqj 1929 mv j wzwb G mwq jb wk v kxl K e³ Zv w` Z As one of the earliest educators to think in terms of the global village, Rabindranath Tagore s educational model has a unique sensitivity and aptness for education within multif v¼zfv i iex `ªbv _i fv h 29

16 racial, multi-lingual and multi-cultural situations, amidst conditions of acknowledged economic discrepancy and political imbalance. ZvB GB e³ Zv m ú K Ui Uv wek we` v j qi iex `ªbv_ Ges mz wrrwelqk wk K K v_wjb Gg IÕK b ji g~j vqbt In 1929 Rabindranath Tagore came to Vancouver to address a conference of the National Council of Education of Canada. This article analyzes his reception as reported in the news media, but primarily examines the educational priorities he chose to elaborate. One major theme that he emphasized was freedom in education: physical, mental, spiritual, and moral freedom, and freedom from racial and national prejudice. In particular he stressed the role of leisure in education and human life at large, in contrast to relentless competition for material advantage. He urged that imagination and creativity, especially artistic creativity, be nurtured, reflecting his own experience of growing up in a remarkably creative Bengali Indian family. *3 mb mgq f v¼yfv i Zuvi GKwU wpî cö`k bxi n qwqj ågy k l fvi Z wd i wm q ÔAwfhvb (KvbvWvi cöwz)õ bv g GKwU KweZv wj Lb Zv Kwe KZ K Bs iwr Abyev` cöpvi nq A Uvqv iwwi Z 1936 mv j KweZvwU n QÑ wek Ry o ÿzä BwZnv m AÜ e M SÅvevqy ûskvwiqv Av m aÿsm K i mf Zvi P~ov ag AvwR msk q Z bz, hymhy Mi Zvcm `i mvabab hz `vbe c``j b nj uov Zvgiv G mv Zi Y RvwZ m e gyw³iy- NvlYvevYx RvMvI exii e Zv jv A Rq wek v mi KZy i ³-ivOv fvob-aiv c _ `ym g i c iv Z n e wek Rqx i _, civy w` q euvwa Z n e mzy Îv mi c`vnv Zi Zvobvq, Am vb wb qv bv wk i, fy jv bv Avcbvq wg_ v w` q, PvZyix w` q, iwpqv nvevm cši l i Kv iv bv cwinvm euvpv Z wbr cövy ejxi c ` `ye j i Kv iv bv ewj`vb *4 KweZv, e³ Zv QvovI wzwb ^ `wk Awfevmx `i Rb wee wzi w` q Qb, ïi ZB e jwq Ôe½ igyxi Rvcvb hvîvõ m ú K Avgiv Rvwb, Z e e½xq cyi l KLb K e cö_g KvbvWvq Av m, Zvi Zgb Kv bv Z_ Rvbv bb cövq GKk eqi Av M fvizxq `i KvbvWvq cö e ki bvbv ai bi evav wqj Zv m Ë I eû fvizxq cökvš gnvmvmi-zxi we kl K i f v¼yfv i RxweKvi Rb emwzi Póv K i weªwuk mvgªvr ivr A k Zv½ `i Ae`vb A ^xkvi Ki Z bv cvivq KvbvWv Awfevm bi Î mivmwi AvcwË bv K i wkqy bzyb AvBb K i hw` Kv bv RvnvR Kv bv we ` ki e `i _ K mvrvmywr fv¼yfv i cušqvq, Z e mb Rvnv R K ib kªwgkiv Kej Avm Z cvi e, Ab _vq bq fvi Zi wbr ^ RvnvR bv _vkvq Kv bv RvnvRB mvrvmywr KvbvWvq cušqv Zv bv 1914 mv ji GwcÖj gv m KvgvMvUv gvi bv g GKwU RvnvR PvU vi fvov K i cvävwe `i GKwU `j iw`r wms ni bz Z KvbvWv iibv nq Zv `i KvbvWvq bvg Z `Iqv nqwb Ges ` k wdi Z eva Kiv nq KvgvMvUv gvi KjKvZvi erernv U cušqv j wkl `i wei K Z AvPi Yi K Vvi mgv jvpbv Kiv nq iex `ªbv_ Gme NUbv Rvb Zb wzwb gvwk b hy³ivó«hv Qb GB msev` c q KvbvWv n Z GKwU cöwzôvb Zuv K fv¼yfv i Avmvi Rb wbgš Y Rvbvq Kwe wbgš Y cöz vl vb K i e j cvvvb hzw`b Zuvi ^ `kevmx K KvbvWv I A «wjqvq Acgvb I wbh vzb Ki e, ZZw`b wzwb Zv `i ` ki gvwu gvov eb bv *5 Aek B Zvi cuvp eqi ci KvbvWvi Avgš Y wzwb G mwq jb mb wk vwelqk e³ Zv w` Z G m ú K BDK BDwbfvwm wui cö dmi Abb v gylvwr iw wj Lbt Few Canadians know of him today but thousands of Canadians did 80 years ago, turning out in droves to see and hear Rabindranath Tagore, the first non-european Nobel laureate (Literature, 1913), and Asia s iconic poet and humanist whose 150th birth anniversary fell on May 7. The event was celebrated widely, including in Toronto and, very appropriately, in Vancouver, which he visited in He went there after having declined several invitations in protest against the Komagata Maru incident of 1914, when 376 Indian immigrants were denied entry to Canada. When Tagore finally accepted the invitation of the National Council of Education to address its triennial conference, the Vancouver Sun reported in April 1929: ÔThousands sought to see and hear Tagore... but could not gain admission. They stood in long lines for hours outside... even after he had commenced speaking, they waited before the theatre doors reluctant to leave. More than any other delegate he had seized their imagination. *6 Ô` b vkbvj KvDwÝj Ae GWy Kk bõi Avgš Y w gvi K i 1929 mv ji

17 GwcÖj 43 eqi eq m 10 w` bi md i wzwb f v¼zfv i G mwq jb D VwQ jb f v¼zfvi nv U j ciw`b iveevi f v¼zfv ii XvDb UvD b Ô` wcöwýcvj Ae wjuv ipviõ kxl K m j b e³ Zv `b `yb nvrvi Avm bi nj Kvbvq Kvbvq fwz n q kz kz `k K- kªvzvi wfo evb i A c v K iwqj hviv Abyôv b VuvB cvbwb ev cö e ki mšfvm Ry Uwb, Zv `i `xn mvwi w_ quvi nj _ K MÖvb wfjw ªU n q nv U j f v¼zfv ii cvk w` q A q RvwR qv w ªU ch š we Z wqj c i Zv `i A b KB nv U j mv vr K ib 14 GwcÖj ÔUªv qwbœqvj Kbdv iý Ae ` b vkbvj GWy Kkb Ae KvbvWvÕ Z g v mr Ae d vqvii qjõ-g fvly `b 16 GwcÖj f v¼zfv ii Mfb i Rbv ij jw DBwjsW bi mv _ `Lv K ib Ges m w`bb jm GÄ j mi D Ï k iibv nb hviqvi c _ cvm cvu nviv bvi Kvi Y Av gwikvq XyK Z cv ibwb c i Rvcvb hvb wzwb Rvcvb mdi K i Qb cuvp evi f v¼yfvi md ii mgq vbxq cî-cwîkv jv cöwzw`bb Zv i Z w` q cöpvi K i hgbñ 1 f v¼zfvi mvb, 9 GwcÖj 1929-G Ui Uv fvwm wui cöexy cö dmi RR Gg is Kwe K ÔwcÖÝ Ad e½jõ Ges ÔgnvKwe Avi wek kvwš cöwgkõ AvL v `b, Zvi mwpî msev` Qvcv nq 2 ` WBwj cöwfý, 11 GwcÖj 1929-G mvsevw`k wk d dvw Wwjs qi bqv mv vrkvi Qvcv nq 3 f v¼yfvi mvb, 12 GwcÖj 1929-G Qvcv nq Av Mi w`b vbxq wkl U új cwi`k bi Lei 4 f v¼zfvi mvb, 12 GwcÖj 1929-G mvsevw`k bv qj iweb m bi bqv mv vrkvi Qvcv nq 5 ` WBwj cöwfý, 15 GwcÖj 1929-G Zuv K wb q i Z c~y gš e cöwz e`b Dc vcb K i 6 Gw` K, f v¼zfv i cö_g evovwj ZviKv e j L vz ZvivKbv_ `vk 1908 mv j Ôwd«BwÛqvÕ bv g GKwU cwîkv cökvk K i GwUB DËi Av gwikvq `w Y Gwkqvi cö_g cwîkv e j g b Kiv nq hv e½f½ i` Av `vj bi f~wgkv cvjb K i GB wd«bwûqv Kwei jlv ÔAvgvi mvbvi evsjv, Avwg Zvgvq fv jvevwmõ... Bs iwr Abyev` Q cwqj iwe VvKz ii f v¼zfvi md ii 70 eqi ci A_ vr 2002 mv j KÝy ju Rbv ij Ae BwÛqv Avi KvDwÝj di KvjPvivj wi jk Ýi hš_ D ` v M Zuvi i Y BDwbfvwm wu Ae weªwuk Kjw ^qvq Kwe-g~wZ vwcz n q Q Gi Av M 2005-Gi b f ^ i AbywôZ Ui Uv BDwbf vwmwu Z U i m j bi mgq Kwei fv h vwcz nq G Qvov i q Q- f v¼zfvi UMi mvmvbwu iwe VvKz ii f v¼zfvi ågy wb q ebi jlv n q Q ebwu n jvt Rabindranath Tagore s visit to Canada & Japan by Prasanta Chandra mahalanobis / Publisher : Haskell House Pub, NY (G QvovI jlvwu Qvcv n qwq jvt Issue 57 of Studies in Asiatic Literature Issue 14 of Bulletin - Visva-Bharati, Visva-Bharati, India ). L. Kwei 150Zg Rb wzw_ Dcj fvewq, iex `ªbv_ VvKzi LyeB fvm evb e w³ bvbvfv e c w_ex Z wzwbb GKgvÎ e w³, hvi jlv I myi Kiv wzb-wzbwu Mvb wzbwu ` ki RvZxq m½xz GKwU fvi Zi, GKwU evsjv ` ki Ges Ab wu kªxj¼vi Mvb wzbwu n QÑ 1 Avgvi mvbvi evsjv Avwg Zvgvq fv jvevwm..., 2 RbMYgb AwabvqK Rq n/fviz fvm weavzv... 3 bg bg kªxj¼v gvzv... kªxj¼vi RvZxq m½x Zi welqwu A bkuv ARvbvB wqji GB Z_ Rvbv Mj, gy ^vb q AbywôZ wµ K Ui dvbbvj g vp ïi niqvi Av M wwqv g kªxj¼vi RvZxq m½xz cwi ek bi mgq MvbwUi ipbvi PgKcÖ` BwZnvm m ú K KjKvZv _ K Rvbvb, weªwuk j¼v gv b AvR Ki kªxj¼v _ K Avb ` mgikzb 1930 mv j kvwš wb KZ bi wek fvizx Z Kjv I m½xz wefv M co Z G mwq jb wzwb wq jb iex `ªbv _i wcöq QvÎ 1938 mv j wzwb Zvi ` ki Rb GKwU Mvb wj L `Iqvi Rb Aby iva K ib mb Aby iva div Z cv ibwb iex `ªbv_ evsjvq wj L w` jb- Ôbg bg kªxj¼v gvzvõ myi K i MvbwU Zy ji w` jb Avb ` K 1940 wek fvizxi wk v kl K i GB MvbwU wb q ` k wd i M jb 1946 mv j MvbwU wmsnwj fvlvq Abyev` K i GKwU ikw ei Ki jb kªxj¼vq weªwuk Dcwb ek _ K kªxj¼v ^vaxbzv cj 1948 mv ji 4 deªæqvwi 1950 mv j bzyb ` ki RvZxq m½xz wvk Kivi Rb m vi GWDBb IqvmRviGUwbi bz Z GKwU KwgwU MwVZ nq G mgq Avb ` Zvi Ab~w`Z Ôbg 32 33

18 bg kªxj¼v gvzvõ MvbwU G KwgwUi Kv Q `b KwgwU 1951 mv ji 22 b f ^i GB MvbwU KB kªxj¼vi RvZxq m½xz wn m e ^xk wz `q m mgq GB MvbwUi Zvwgj fvlvq Abyev` K ib Gg bvjv_vw ^ wmsnwj I Zvwgj GB `ywu fvlv ZB MvbwU MvIqv n Zv Z e 2010-Gi 12 ww m ^i kªxj¼vi ivó«cwz gvwn `v ivrvcvk m msm ` GK we kl wej G b G MvbwUi Zvwgj Abyev`wU MvIqv wbwl K ib! G wb q i q Q wfbœgz, i q Q wezk I *7 G w` K ˆmq` Avjx Avnmvb, AvdZve Avng`mn Ôwn `y-kweõi jlv ` ki RvZxq m½xz evwz ji cökœ Zv jb evsjv ` ki RvZxq m½xz ÔAvgvi mvbvi evsjvõi cö_g `k PiY GwU Kwe iex `ªbv_ VvKzi iwpz GKwU DËg `kvz evak KweZv n ji KweZvwU Ave wëi mgq g b DÏxcbvi cwie Z welv` m wó K i Gi j Kwe wø R `ªjvj iv qi KweZv- Ôabav b cy ú fiv Avgv `i GB emyüiv, Zvnvi gv S Av Q `k GK mkj ` ki mivõ KweZvwU A bk ewk DÏxcK I kw³`vqk ZvB msweav bi 4 (1) aviv cwiez b K i jlv n e, ÒRbMYZ š i RvZxq m½xz Ôabav b cy ú fiv, Avgv `i GB emyüivõ KweZv Ó *8 M. m cöm½ _vk iwe VvKz ii Kvi YB AvgviI KvbvWvB Avmv 2005-Gi b f ^ i AbywôZ Ui Uv BDwbfvwm wu Z U i m j b hvm `qvi Avgš Y cvb evsjv `k _ K Av iv hviv Ask bb, Zviv n jb- W. Avwbmy¾vgvb, gvngy` kvn Kv ikx, iriqvbv PŠayix eb v, jyebv Avn g` cögyl G Qvov we k i miv miv iex `ª M el Ki gylwiz K i i LwQ jb GB PgrKvi U i m jb wzb w` bi m j b Avgvi welq wqj wzbwu Avgvi wbwg Z cögvy wpî Ôevsjv ` k iex `ªbv_Õ, cö`k bx ÔRvcv b iex `ªbv_Õ Ges Av jvpbv Abyôvb ÔcÖev m cör b i Kv Q iex `ªbv_Õ G m cöm½ ZrKvjxb ivó«`~z iwdkzj Bmjvg, W. gxrvb ingvb, wkíx iriqvbv eb v `i wb q grvi grvi AwfÁZv wz n q Av Q m j bi Ab Zg Av qvrk Rv kd IÕK bj evsjv `k `~Zvevm K wbgš Y Rvwb q GKwU ï f QvevYx P q gbj K i, dvb K ii mvov cvbwb ZrKvjxb ivó«`~z iwdkzj Bmjvg bxie f~wgkv cvjb K i Qb 34 Avi ÔcÖev m cör b i Kv Q iex `ªbv_Õ c e Abyôv b Pqvicvimb wq jb gxrvb ingvb wzwb Avgv K wkqy ZB evsjvq e³ Zv w` Z ` eb bv! Zuvi Kov wb la Avwg mb wb la D c v K i gvbk nv Z wb q ejjvg, AvR huv K wb q m jb n Q- wzwb evsjv mvwn Z i Kwe, Avwg G mwq evsjv `k _ K, Avgiv evsjv fvlvi Rb Rxeb w` qwq, Avgvi evsjv fvlv AvR Avš R vwzk gvz fvlv w`em wnmv e ^xk Z, GB fvlvq e½eüz RvwZms N fvly w` q Qb, ZvQvov wzb w`b a i Avcbv `i Bs iwr e³ Zv ï bwq, ZvB Avwg wm vš wb q Q- Avwg evsjvq ej ev mv _ mv _ LB dvuvi g Zv gyûg yû KiZvwj e³ Zvi ci Pv weiwz Z GB RgRgvU mwgbv ii K wzz wb jb gxrvb ingvb Aciw` K, G m j b mviv we k i miv miv iex `ª M elk G m Qb, Zviv AvÇv w` Qb, Mí Ki Qb, gzwewbgq Ki Qb AevK niqvi e vcvi, Avgv `i iriqvbv PŠayix eb v ( hb iex `ªbv _i mv _) nv U j Ae vb Ki Qb wzwb ^Zš, ZvB Kv iv mv _B wgk Qb bv! `yõw`b ci ivrkb vi m R R e`xi g Zv ^M _ K b g G jb mwgbvi K Lye Av -ax i cv dj Z dj Z i M xifv e GKUz WvB b, GKUz ev g Nvo Nywi q `L jb mb ` k wu Avwg wkqy ZB fyj Z cvwi bv mwgbvi wfwru K i Zvici P j M jb! Aek Zuvi c e wzwb PgrKvi m½xz cwi ekb K i Qb N. jyrdi ingvb wiub e j Qb, KvbvWvi AvKv k Avwg iex `ªbv_ K LyuwR cvb bv GLvbKvi SKS K AvKv k g Ni cyî-kb viv Aweivg wbg vy K i P j A vwb gkb gywfi AmvaviY K v i±vi jv K IB Zv wgwk wgwb Avi WvbvìWvK! IB h wm Ûª ijv! wc bvwki mvzevgb Avi wb gv jvqb wks qi wm ^v cy ^v Avi wu gvbi Av Q wkš KvbvWvi AvKv k iex `ªbv_ bb *9 wcöq wiub, GK wnmv e iex `ªbv_ bb; Av ik wnmv e Av Q Av Q- evovwj `i PZbvq ZvB eûms wzi `k KvbvWvi g~javivi mvs wzk A½ bi iex `ªbv_ VvKz ii 150Zg Rb wzw_ Z bvbvb Kg m~wp cvwjz nq Ui Uvi cövpxb w_ quvi cöwzôvb Ôwc-BqvwWm w_ quviõ 7 g _ K 4 Ryb 2011 ch š iwe VvKz ii ÔWvKNiÕ Mí Aej ^ b Rywi gnzvi Ab~w`Z Bs iwr bvu iƒc Ô` cv AwdmÕ gâ Ki Q Rb f vbey i Ki cwipvwjz bvu K hviv Awfbq Ki Qb Zviv n jb KvbvwWqvb wkíx- c vwu«wmqv gvwm BD, wgbv Rgm, Rwbdvi wfjvfviww, m vg gv mm, Gij wm_vj, mywm_ fv ivwmm Ges wwjb U w _ *10 D j-l, mäz cwipvjk `evkxl wmbnv G bvu K Bs iwr fvlvš i hy³ K i Qb Kwe i `ª gyn ` kwn`yjøvni RbwcÖq mb MvbwU- Ôfv jv AvwQ fv jv _ Kv/AvKv ki wvkvbvq wpwv 35

19 w`iõ BwZc~ e KÕeQi Av M Av ik MÖæc ÔevK wj w «U w_ quviõ mgkvjxb KvbvWvi Dc hvmx K i ÔkKzš jvõ gâvqb K iwqj iwe VvKz ii 150Zg Rb wzw_ Dcj fviz mikvi 2011 mvj K ÔBqvi Ae BwÛqv Bb KvbvWvÕ wn m e NvlYv w` q Q Lvjv n q Q I qemvbwwww.tagore150.toronto.ca. Gw` K U Mvi Gwbfvimvwi KwgwU Ui Uvi D ` v M Ui Uvi www «± zj ev W i AvIZvaxb zj jvi cöv_wgk ch v q MÖW 3 _ K MÖW 8 ch š iwe VvKzi cvv n Q Z_ m~î : 1. (Krishna) Datta & Robinsob. Publisher : Bloomsbury, London ISBN Page/ iex `ªbv_ VvKz ii wek ågy, DBwKwcwWqv 3. University of Toronto Quarterly/Volume 77, Number 4, Fall pp E-ISSN: Print ISSN: , University of Toronto Press, Canada. ( Kathleen M. O Connell teaches courses on South Asia at New College, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. Her research interests include Rabindranath Tagore; Satyajit Ray; and Bengali literature and cultural history.) KvbvWv cöevmx evsjv `wk `i cöwz/ gyn ` nvweeyi ingvb/evsjv eb gjv iwykv, Ui Uv, 2008, c Rabindranath Tagore: Much More Than a Mysticby Ananya Mukherjee-Reed, Daily Toronto Star, May 08, Tornto, Canada. 7. evsjvwbdr Uv qw U dvi.kg, 24 GwcÖj 2011, XvKv 8. RvZxq msweavbt RbM Yi B nvi/gg Bbvgyj nk `k cöwgk gâ, AvM 2008, XvKv c Kv ji Lqv, ˆ`wbK mgkvj, ww m ^i 09, 2011, XvKv bvqvmöv : Ac~e ` k A` k AvKl Y evsjv ` ki gvaekz Êi RjcÖcvZ Mwo q c o wzbkõ dzu Dci _ K `wk-we `wk ch UK Zv gy» ` wó Z Dc fvm K i G Qvov wm j Ui Rvdjs RjcÖcvZ, ev `iev bi i gvi wiryk RjcÖcvZ, ivovgvwui ïfjs RjcÖcvZ, Zvgvwej, kxzvkz Ði bw `Z cvnvwo cövk wzk mš `h Avgv `i Ag~j Mwe Z m ú` we k i `xn Zg Pwj-k wk jvwguvi ˆ`N mgỳ ª mkz, K evrvi, wksev GKB ejvf~wg Z `uvwo q m~ h v`q I m~h v `Lvi KzqvKvUv c w_ex Z mwz `yj f! nqz Gme QvU QvU RjcÖcvZ g b Kwi q `q e nr RjcÖcvZ bvqvmövi K_v nqz A b KiB hv- Ô `Lv nq bvb Pÿz gwjqv Ni n Z ïay `yb cv dwjqv GKwU av bi wk li Dci GKwU wkwki we `yõ bvqvmöv `Lv n q Q ek K qkevi GKevi Zv c qb Mjvg fvi Zi mv ek ivó«cwz W. Gwc R Aveyj Kvjvg K Zuvi g Zv ch U Ki msl v cöwz eqi câvk j bvqvmöv b`x Z Av gwikv I KvbvWvi A UvwiI cö ` ki Avš R vwzk mxgv š mgfv e w`bivz K vwš nxb wbiew Qbœ ivwk ivwk Rjivwk jy UvcywU K i AvQ o co Q wbdbq K i ev d jvi mvzvk wk jvwguvi DËi I DËi-cwð g Ges Ui Uv kn ii GKkÕ Kzwo wk jvwguvi `w Y I `w Y-c~e w` K Aew Z GB RjcÖcvZ bvqvmöv djm& KvbvWv I Av gwikv GB `yõ ` ki mxgv š i n ji cök Zc wzb fv Mi `yb fvmb c o Q KvbvWvi f~l Ð KvbvWvi f~lð _ K 7kÕ dzu Dci _ K cöwz m K Û 60 nvrvi M vj bii ewk Rj AbeiZ Mwo q co Q hvi kã Kvgvb `vmvi k ãi g Zv Kvb UvUv bv MR b! b_ Av gwikvi me P q kw³kvjx RjcÖcvZ ^P bv `L j wkqy wnmve-wbkvk w` q gv UB ev e wpî dzwu q Zvjv hvq bv ÔRjwe`ÿ Zi GKwU cövpxb feb (1904) mv w` Q RjcÖcv Zi ïi i mxgvbvi KvQvKvwQ `uvwo q bvqvmöv djm Zvi ˆbmwM K cövk wzk mš `h I Rjwe`ÿ Zi g~j evb m ú` wn m e RMwØL vz AvVvikÕ mv ji Mvovi w`k _ K Avb `i LvivK n ji evwywr K Ges wkívq b we`ÿ rkw³ e envii GKwU P v jä n q `uvovq AvVvikÕ kz K ch Ub AZ š RbwcÖq n q I V ga kz K wkíqv bi cömvi N U bvqvmöv djm KvbvWv I Av gwikvi n ji Gi mš `h wccvmyiv KvbvWv ZB Qy U Av mb 37

20 kxzkv ji bvqvmövi ` k KviY cy ivcywi `k b I AvniY Ki Z n j KvbvWvi f~lðb me P q Dchy³ iv Zi AÜKv i A_ev c~wy gvi R vrmœv ivz bvqvmöv djm Kx h gb gvwnbx iƒ c Avwef ~Z nq Zv fvlvq cökvk Kiv hvq bv *1 Avi GB bvqvmöv djm K wb q `ytmvnwmk gvby li cvmjvwgii kl bb 1829 mv j mvgwcp bv gi GK Zi Y GKk `k dzu Dci _ K `yõevi bvqvmöv djm a i wb P Suvwc q c ob Ges Avðh RbKfv e eu PI hvb wkš c ii eqi wbdbq K i R bwm dj m Abyiƒc cö Póvq kl ch š cövy nvivb G me NUbv cöpyi b Z i Zv j Zv j b g Avmv Rjivwki Aciƒc mš ` h AvZ nviv n q A b KB A yz AvPiY K i GB RjcÖcvZ bvqvmöv Avi ev djyi g a Gcvi-Icv i iwob isabyi mzy m wó K i, hvi bvg ibb ev weªr 8kÕ wguvi cök bvqvmöv b`xi Av ik mš `h n Q cövq Rj Qy u q Qy u q hviqv `xn c_ js W«vB f f i hvq gb, gy» nq `y PvL hv fvwu Z wm q wg k M Q wel vz A UvwiI j K h A UvwiI j Ki wekvj Z i Kvi Y G K DcmvM ii mgzyj g b K i KD KD D j-l, `ª Z e M avegvb RjcÖcvZ cöwz m K Û 40 jvl ev 4 wgwjqb wk jviqvu Rjwe`ÿ r Drcv`b K i Z e grvi e vcvi n Q, bvqvmövi P q `o Y DuPy RjcÖcvZ Av Q KvbvWvi KzB ek 38 bvqvmöv `k bkv j fvi Zi mv ek ivóªcwz Gwc R Aveyj Kvjv gi mv _ mcwiev i jlk Qwe: gwbeyi ingvb wmwu Z m U j iý b`xi wekvj ˆmKZ Avi gbg ibwm b`xi gvnbvq Gi DrcwË GB gbg ibwm RjcÖcv Zi D PZv 272 dzu *2 bvqvmöv wb q cöpyi KweZv, Mvb, Mí, ågy Kvwnbx, GgbwK Dcb vm jlv n q Q, i q Q KweZvwelqK- ïay bvqvmöv djmb bq; bvqvmöv b`xi mš `h I Kwe g b bvov w` q Q 2011 mv j cywjrrvi cyi vicövß gvwk b cv qu jwi qu K ivqvb (Kay Ryan) KweZv wj LB ÿvš nbwb; 2005 mv j cökvwkz wzwb Zvi GKwU Kve MÖ š i bvg i L Qb Ô` bvqvmöv wifviõ b`x hb gv`yi c Z Q g S Zvi Dci PjwQ Avgiv c ZwQ Uwej Pqvi QyUwQ `yiš gvbexq Av e M, Lvw Q-`vw Q, cögvjvc... KZ Kx KiwQ Avb ` Av qvrb b`x Pj Q cvwb e`jv Q io e`jv Q Qvqv ilv a i nuv U 39

21 Rb KU 1497 mv j KvbvWvq cö_g c`wpý iv Lb cwihvqx gb hfv e ax i e` j hvq Lvevi N ii cbw Us Kíbvi Y Avgiv Rvwb fvj K i Rvb Z nq bvqvmöv b`xi GgbB kªvey Z e GB Rvbvi A_ Uv KZUv g b iv L wfz ii gb *3 KvbvWvi cö_g cöavbgš x KvbvWvi cöwzwu cö `kb evsjv ` ki P q A bk eo ` ki e nëg cö `k KzB ek (15,40,660 em wkwg.) Avi ỳ ª cö `k wcöý GWIqvW AvBj vû (5660 wkwg.) me P q Rbeûj cö `kwu A UvwiI A UvwiI ZB i q Q KvbvWvi ivravbx A Uvqv A Uvqv m ú K mvsevw`k bri j wg Uvi fvl - ÒkZ kz eq ii HwZn enb K i A Uvqv b`xi Zx i M o D V Q A Uvqv kni ÔA UvqvÕ A_ KD e j- mi`vmi, Avevi KD e j R½ ji gvbyl 1613 mv j A_ vr BD ivwcqvbiv KvbvWvq AvMg bi Av M GB b`xwu wqj Avw`evmx `i nvbi q 1857 mv j evovwjiv hlb wmcvwn we `ªvn NvlYv Ki jv, mb eqi ivbx wf ±vwiqv A Uvqv K KvbvWvi ivravbx NvlYv K ib bv, evovwj `i wmcvwn we `ªv ni m ½ G NUbvi Kv bv hvmm~î bb Z e H mg q Avgiv Df qb wqjvg weªwu ki Aaxb AvR evsjv `k ^vaxb, c vš i KvbvWv civaxb bv n ji GL bv weª U bi ivbxi Aax b Ó *4 KvbvWvi A bk wkqyb wel vz ZrKvjxb Aóg Avðv h i GKwU wqj bvqvmöv djm ZvB c w_exi wewfbœ cövš _ K ch UKiv Qy U Av m Ac~e mb ` k RjcÖcv Zi kz Quvqvi A` k AvKl Y G Qvov i q Q we k i `xn Zg (D PZv 553 wguvi) wmgb UvIqvi, c w_exi `xn Zg (9,7307 wk jvwguvi) U«vÝ KvbvwWqvb nvbi q, `xn Zg (2,44,000 wk jvwguvi) DcK j, Avi KvbvWvi (1128 wk jvwguvi) `xn Zg b`x g vkvwä (4,200 wk jvwguvi), `xn Zg mok Bq vs w «U KvbvwWqvb `i Me Kivi g Zv A bk wkqyb Av Q hgb- AvR Avgiv h ˆe`ÿ wzk ev j i Av jv Z Av jvwkz; Zvi RbK Ui Uvi n vbwi DWIqvW BwZc~ e K ivwmb bvgk h R vjvwb Zj 1846 mv j Avwe Z n qwqj ZviI m wókz v KvbvwWqvb W. Aveªvnvg M mbvi 1907 mv j bvfv wkqv Z cö_g Wvqvwjs Uwj dvb D Øvab nq me kl Wvq ewuk wbg ~ ji h Ilya Avwe vi n q Q Zvi D ØvaKI KvbvwWqvb G ai bi ZvwjKv A bk `xn *5 wek e vs Ki bqv c wz Abymv i cövk wzk m ú ` KvbvWv I A «wjqv we k i me P q m ú`kvjx `k *6 KvbvWvq i q Q Adziš cövk wzk m ú` Zvi g a A UvwiI wbg j cvwb wek wel vz G Qvov i q Q- cöpyi Zj, WvqgÛ, ^Y Lwb Ges LwbR avzy; i q Q ARmª weijf~wg kxz-cöavb KvbvWvq eq ii cövq A a K mgq cöpð kxz _v K Kv bv Kv bv A j cövq 6 gvmb kxz Ges mme A j fqven kxz me P q kxzj kni n Q DBwb cm mlv b Rvbyqvwi Z ^vfvwek ZvcgvÎv 18 wwwmö mw U MÖW BD Kvb UwiUwi m me wbgœ VvÐvi ikw wqj gvbbvm 63 wwwmö mjwmqvm nvqvbu nm Avi Bq jvbvb d Rvbyqvwi Z ^vfvewk kx Zi ZvcgvÎv gvbbvm wwwmö mw U MÖW KvbvWvi GK cövš _ K Ab cöv š i mgq-`~iz ek Kq K NÈv UvBg Rvb wnmv e KvbvWv 6wU fv M wef³ wbd wddûj vû UvBg Rvb, AvUjvw UK UvBg Rvb, B vb UvBg Rvb, m U«vj UvBg Rvb, gvd Ub UvBg Rvb Ges c vwmwdk UvBg Rvb UvBg Rvb wnmv e KvbvWvi GK cövš _ K Ab (wbd wddûj vû _ K weªwuk Kjvw ^qv wksev weªwuk Kjvw ^qv _ K bvfv vwkqv) cövš i wegvb åg Yi `~iz mvz NÈv ZvB wekvj f~l Ði mgq K mgš^q Kivi Rb Daylight Saving Time (DST) e envi Kiv Kv bv A j eq i A a K mgq Uvbv m~h _v K, Avevi ciez x Z Uvbv KÕgvm AÜKv i wbgw¾z A_ vr `xn w`b `xn ivwîi Ae vb In Canada, as in most middle status countries, Daylight Saving time (DST) is still a standard practice across the nation. A pre-break-fast daylight hour can be Saved for use after dinner by turning the clocks ahead by one hour in hour spring and setting them back by one hour in the autumn. Daylight saving Time 40 41

22 cö_g Kb dwv ik bi bz e ` wewfbœ cö ` ki c _K c _K czvkv I ivravbx (DST) was introduced into Canada by the federal govrn-ment in 1918 (During WWl) as ameasure for increasing war pro-duction. The practice of Daylight savig Time is still in effect in Canada. It begins the second Sunday in Maich. when the clocks in most Canadian provinces are advanced by one hour until the first Sunday in Novemder. when the clocks are tumed back one hour. *7 jvj i Oi fzi mv`v gcvjwjc KvbvWvi RvZxq czvkv GB RvZxq czvkv QvovI KvbvWvi cöwzwu cö ` kib wfbœ wfbœ czvkv i q Q KvbvWvi Ab Zg i Z c~y kni Ui Uv cövq cöwz eqib G kn ii e vck cwiez b I weez b N U GLv b BwgMÖ v Ui msl v 48% Avi msl vmwiôzvi w`k _ K 54% A k Zv½ AvqZ bi w`k w` q A UvwiI 5wU evsjv ` ki mgvb Av M A UvwiI cö ` ki ivravbx wqj bvqvmöv cövpxb bmix c i 1793 mv j Zv vbvš wiz K i Ui Uv Z Avbv nq cövq mkj A_ vr Av_ -mvgvwrk mvs wzk Kg Kv Ði K `ªwe `y n Q- Ui Uv GLv b bvmwik mev I mywe ai A bk ewk ZvB KvbvWvi mb RbmsL v GK-Z Zxqvsk A_ vr 4.7 wgwjqb jvk evm K i Ui Uvi 160 em wk jvwguv i G kn ii 5wU cši kni n QÑ Ui Uv, vi ev iv, BqK, b_ -BqK Ges B Uvwe Kv KvbvWvi evwywr K kni Ui Uv Z Bs iwri ci PvBwbR fvlvi AvwacZ ewk D j-l, DËi nwjdw wn m e L vz Ui Uv wuwf Ges wdj BÛvw «i w`k w` q Z Zxq Ges wuwf cövmövwgs qi w`k w` q DËi Av gwikv wøzxq v b we k i wøzxq e nëg wdj dw f v ji kni wn m e Kvb dw f v ji cib Ui Uvi vb Ui Uvi wdj dw f v j cöwz eqi m Þ ^ i AbywôZ nq c~ e B D j-l Kiv n q Q, c w_exi wøzxq e nëg `k n ji RbmsL v A ±vei 2010 ch š gvî 34,238,000 Rb *8 G ` k BwgMÖ v Ui msl v cövq A a K hviv BwgMÖ v U n q bvmiwkz MÖnY K i Zv` i IZ wb Z nq Avi hv `i Rb KvbvWvq, Zv `i Rb ÔbvMiwKZ kc_õ cö qvrb bb IZ Ae wmwu Rbwkc n jvt The Oath of Canadian Citizenship (new version as of February 15, 1977) I affirm that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, 42 43

23 y Queen of Canada, Her Heirs and Successors, and that I will faithfully observe the laws of Canada and fulfil my duties as a Canadian citizen. *9 Oath of Allegiance (used from January 1, 1947 to February 14, 1977 inclusive) KvbvWvq 70% f~wg Rbk~b A_ vr gvbylrb emevm K i bv Awfevmxi `k KvbvWv, ZvB cöwz eqi wewfbœ `k _ K jvl jvl Awfevmx KvbvWvq Av m cövq 169wU ` ki kzvwak RvwZ wg j GKwU eûrvwzk ` k cwiyz n q Q KvbvWv G ` k Awfevmxiv 100wUi ewk fvlvq K_v ej ji mikvwi fvlv Bs iwr I divwm ZviciI cö Z K bvmwikb AZ š mnbkxj Ges Ab fvlv, Ab ag, Ab ms wzi cöwz LyeB kª vkxj ÔA b i AwaKvi Ges ^vaxbzv K m vb `wl q ^vaxbfv e wb Ri gz cökvk KivÕ KvbvwWqvb `i ˆewkó *10 Kv_vI Kv bv we iva-wezk bb RvwZMZ w`k _ K mevb hb m nv`i Z_ m~î: 1. we k i Ab Zg cövk wzk Avðh bvqvmöv djm&/ Aby Bmjvg, mvßvwnk AvRKvj, AvM 20, 2010, Ui Uv 2. KvbvWvi wpwv/zvryj gvnv `, cökvkk: Ab cökvk, cökvkkvj: GKz k eb gjv 2007, XvKv c ôv: Abyev`- `yjvj Avj gbmyi, ˆ`wbK Kv ji KÉ, GwcÖj 29, 2011, XvKv 4. DËi Av gwikvi PvjwPÎ/bRi j wg Uv, cökvkk: `kwe ` k cvewj KkÝ, Ui Uv, KvbvWv, cökvkkvj : GKz k MÖš gjv, The Canada Desk Companion: A Concise Overiew of the Land & Its People. Publisher: Sarathearn Books Limited, Toronto, Canada. ISBN: mvßvwnk cöevm evsjv, A ±vei 10, 1995, gw U«qj, KvbvWv 7. Saarc Link : Canada-Bnagladesh Business Dictionary 2010, Toronto, Canada. p mikvwi cwimsl vb ms v vwuw K KvbvWv, ww m ^i Citizenship%20-%20Oath%20of%20Citizenship 10. KvbvwWqvb Bwg MÖkb/gyn ` AvLZvi nv mb mvd_ B cvewj KkÝ, AvM 2001, XvKv 44 gyw³hy i weij m v b wc q i Uª y Wv KvbvWvi cöevmx evovwj `i Rb GwU GKwU Avb `i msev`ñ gnvb gyw³hy i mgq weij f wgkv ivlvi Rb ZrKvjxb KvbvWvi cöavbgš x wc q i Uª y Wv cv Qb gyw³hy i ^xk wz I m vb ^vaxbzvi 40 eqi ci ez gvb mikvi D ` vm wb q Q GB gnvb Kvh µ gi GKvËi mv j we `wk `i Amvgvb Ae`vb g~j vqb K i wewfbœ ` ki `yb kzvwak e w³ K ZvwjKvfz³ Kiv n q Q fviz, weª Ub, A ªwjqv, Av gwikv, ivwkqvi L vwzgvb ivrbxwzwe`, wkíx, mvwnwz K, mvsevw`k, gvbezvev`x `i mv _ i q Qb wc q i Uª y Wv cwîkv _ K Rvbv Mj, Av iv GK KvbvWvi bvmwik mmxi Avn g` GB m vb AR b K i Qb *1 A_P Avgiv Zvi LeiI ivwl bv G e vcv i A Uvqv evsjv `k `~Zvev mi mv ek WcywU nvbkwgkbvi ˆmq` gvmỳ gvngỳ Lv `Kv ii mv _ hvmv hvm Kiv n j wzwbi mwvk Z_ Rvbv Z cv ibwb Avgv `i gyw³hy Z_v ^vaxbzv msmöv gi mgq hy³ivóª, Pxb, mšw` Avie mivmwi we ivwazv K i cvwk v bi c wb qwqj cvk-evwnbxi wbwe Pv i nz v, Lyb, bvix wbh vzb, Nievwo R vjv bv- cvov bvi g Zv Kvh µg K Zviv mg_ b Rvwb qwqj Avi mb mgq cv k G m `uvwo qwqj fviz, weª Ub, A ªwjqv, ivwkqv, Rvcvbmn Ab vb ivóª gvwk b hy³ivóª mikvi mivmwi we ivwazv Ki ji GB `yõ ` ki A bk m PZb bvmwik Zxeª we ivwazv K i Rj L U Qb, Kjg a i Qb, K v giv a i Qb, cöwzev` K i QbÑ Zv `i GB Ae`vb evovwj RvwZ wpiw`b K ÁZvi mv _ iy Ki e Avi Zvi ` óvš ^iƒc 18 RyjvB 2010-G ciivóª gš Yvj q AbywôZ RvZxq KwgwUi ˆeVK k l ciivóªgš x Wv. `xcy gwb GK msev` m j b Rvbvb, ^vaxbzvi 40 eqi c~wz Dcj evsjv `k wgk bi D ` v M 150 Rb e w³ Ges cöwzôvb K AvbyôvwbK m vbbv `qv n e GKwU ˆ`wbK cwîkvq ww m ^i 14, 2010-G Rvbv hvq h, mb ZvwjKv cövq 400- Z ewa Z Kiv n q Q hw` 1971 mv j we `wk eüziv Avgv `i gyw³hy i cöwz mvnvh, mn hvwmzv Ges mg_ b bv w` Zb, Zvn j nq Zv ^vaxbzv AR b Kiv Av iv wejw ^Z n Zv wek evmxi cöej Pv c cvk- mbviv jr wu q AvZ mgc Y K iwqj we `wk `i f wgkv wb q gyw³hy welqk eb jlv n Q we kl K i weª Ub, fviz, Rvcvb, Rvg v bi Ae`vb Zz j a i Q jlke ` hv Avgv `i HwZnvwmK Ag~j 45

24 m ú` hgb, b`vij vû m Rš MÖnY A ªwjqvb G WweøI IWvij vû mivmwi gyw³hy Ask wb q exicözxk LZve AR b K i Qb *2 gywre mikvi ^xk wz w` ji Avgiv Zuv K bvmwik Z i m vb w` Z cvwiwb Z e Zuv K wb q cöpzi jlv jwl n q Q, Zuvi bvg Abymv i jkv b GKwU mo Ki bvgkiy Kiv n q Q Z e GLv b Zuvi bvg-c`we ˆ`wbK cwîkv jv ZI fzj jlv nq, GL bv fzjfv e Dc vcb Kiv nq hv LyeB `ytlrbk Gevi wd i Avwm, KvbvWvi Ae`v bi K_v 1971-G wewfbœ wgwwqv, Ui Uv fvwm wu, GbwRI, wewfbœ PvP mn gvbevwakvi ms v jv mv Pvi n qwqj Avgv `i gyw³hy KvbvWv cö_ g mivmwi mg_ b `qwb Z e gšb mg_ bi ` óv š i kl bb ZrKvjxb cöavbgš x wc q i Uª y Wv cvj v g U cvwk `i ee izvi wb `v cö ve G bwq jb Ges ÎvY cvwv qwq jb kiyv_ x wkwe i G cöm ½ cö dmi Rv kd I K bj KvbvWv mikvi I KvbvWvi cöavbgš x m ú K wj L Qb: The Government of Canada, headed at that time by Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau, with Mitchell Sharp as Minister of External Affairs, was, however, much more inclined to be of assistance to the Bangladeshi s on both humanitarian and diplomatic levels than that of the United States, which for decades had treated Pakistan as a Cold War ally vs. the Soviet Union and in 1971 was keen to use Pakistan s good relations with Chiana as a means of... *3 hy i cii KvbvWv AvkÖq w` q Q 18 Rb hy wkï K Zviv GLb KvbvWvq emevm Ki Q hgbñ evqvb we W, j viv Rvwibv, evzzb cögyl Rvbv M Q, G `i GKRb GLb KvbvwWqvb Bwg MÖk bi D Pc` Kg KZ v G `i g a evqvb W Ii d ev`j Zv gv qi Luv R gvz f wg Z wm qwq jb gw Uªq ji wpîcwipvjk cö fbpvi ibgû ÔIqvì PvBìÕ kxl K h gg úk x Qwe wbg vy K i Qb, Zv Z evqvb Wi PwiÎ vb c q Q wmsnfvm G Z ivqvb WI Awfbq K i Qb Ly ur j `Lv hv e, Gfv e gyw³hy i Ae`v b KvbvWv Ges KvbvwWqvb `i f wgkv A bk hvi ` óvš bc _ _vkv mmxi Avn g` Ly ur Z Ly ur Z c q Mjvg Kwe I jlk Carolin Smart- K, whwb GKvË i Ui Uv wek we` vj q gyw³hy i c K v úbb K i Qb, KweZv wj L Qb Uª y Wvi Q j Rvw b Uª y Wv `yõevi Ggwc wbe vwpz n q Qb wzwb GK mv vrkv i e j Qb, ÔAvwg memgqb Me eva Kwi, AvR _ K Pwj-k eqi Av M we k i Aí h K qkwu `k cö_g evsjv `k K ^xk wz w` qwqj, KvbvWv Zv `i g a Ab ZgÕ 46 x, L vwzgvb Awf bîx gvm v i Ui mv _ wcqv i Uªy Wv wzwb 1983 mv j evevi mv _ evsjv `k md ii gayi wzpviy K ib Ges gw Uªq ji c vwc bv Avm bi evsjv `wk-kvbvwwqvbiv Zuv K wecyj fv U werqx K i Qb m Rb K ZÁZv cökvk K ib *4 Gw` K Ui Uvi mvbdzj Avjg Uª y Wvi bv g ewikv j GKwU jvb eªwi Pvjy K i Qb cövq GK `kk a i Gw` K KD KD fzqv ÔexicÖZxKÕ evbv bvi Ac Póvq wjß KD KD exi` c fzqv gyw³ hv v m R K wzz wb Q KD ev KíKvwnbx K mz e j Pvwj q jlv jwl Ki Qb G ` ki kko A bk k³ hy³iv óª hgb hy vcivax Avkivdz¾vgvb Lvb, hy³iv R PŠayix gcbywïbiv i q Qb, Ly ur j GLv bi cviqv hv e e½eüz nz vi Lywbi g Zv GKvË ii Lywb `i hy³iv óª-hy³iv R Lvb- PŠayix `i gy Lvk hfv e D b vwpz n q Q, GLv bi AvZ MvcbKvix `i Pnviv Zz j ai e m PZb cöevmx evovwjiv ZvB Ui Uv Z mg ez n Qb cöevmx evsjv `wk gyw³ hv v mgvr ZrKvjxb KvbvWvi cöavbgš x (Pierre Elliot Trudeau) wc q i B. Uª y Wv K kö väwj Zuvi GB ^xk wz KvbvWvi Rb I weij m vb * *cybð: KvbvWvq 1971 kxl K jl Ki cökvwkze MÖ š i mvi ms c Z_ m~î: 1. ww m ^i 14, 2010-G GKwU ˆ`wbK ww m ^i Õ72-Gi mikvwi M RU bs 8/25/wW-1/71, µwgk bs ` e½wj UvBgm WUKg, ww m ^i 18, 2009, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 4. mvßvwnk AvRKvj, RyjvB 29, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 47

25 KvbvWv _ KB ïi nq gvz fvlv w`e mi m~pbv KvbvWvi wbr ^ Kv bv gvz fvlv bb gvz fvlv Avi ivóªfvlvi we køly wfbœ, GK bq *1 KvbvwWqvb ivó«xq fvlv Bs iwr Ges d«vâ Z e grvi welq, Aa kzvwak A_ vr 53wU Avw`evmx m úö`v qi wbr ^ gvz fvlv K The Constitution Act of 1982-G ivóªxq fvlv wn m e Bs iwr-d«v Âi mggh v`v `qv n q Q G Qvov gvwëkvjpvivj Kvw Uª wn m e KvbvWvq kzvwak fvlv Ges ms wz G K A b i cvkvcvwk åvz Z i g Zv weivr Ki Q we k i me fvlv I ms wz GLv b aviy K i KvbvWv weij ` óvš vcb K i Q d j me fvlvi ˆewP Î i mgš^ q GLv b M o D V Q eûrvwzk mvs wzk eüb m Rb Amv úö`vwqkfv e GK m úö`vq Av ik m úö`v qi fvlv I ms wzi cöwz Mfxi kö vkxj Zvi g a Avgv `i evsjv fvlv we klfv e mgv` Z we k i cövq 7,800 fvlvi msi Y I cöpj b GKz k di qvwi ÔAvš R vwzk gvz fvlv w`emõ wn m e h_vµ g 1999 mv j BD b v I 2008 mv j RvwZms Ni ^xk wz cviqvq evsjv fvlvi i Z Ges gh v`v eûjvs k e w c q Q cö_gz GB w`e mi cö vekvix Ges D ` v³v iwdkzj Bmjvg I Ave`ym mvjvg KvbvWvi f v¼zzfvi _ KB Gi exr ecy K iwq jb Zviv eû KvVLo cywo q fvlv Av `vj bi welqwu K Avš R vwzkfv e m vb I ^xk wz Av`v q m g n q Qb hv cöwzwu evovwji Rb M e i, MŠi ei RvwZi Rb weij m vb AR bi ^xk wz ^iƒc evsjv `k mikvi mvjvg-iwd Ki msmvb Ôgv`vim j v½y qr jvfvm Ad ` Iqvì Õ K 2002 mv j GKz k c`k cö`vb K i Q GLb K výv i Avµvš iwdkzj Bmjv gi ^cœ- evsjv ` k GKwU gvz fvlv Bbw wudu vcb G wb q wzwb wj L Qb, cövq cöwzwu evsjv `wk hfv e gvz fvlvi iæz Dcjwä Ki Z cv i, c w_exi A bk ` ki gvby li m my hvm mxwgz G Kvi Y Zvi gvz fvlv I ms wz Z Zvi Rb wk Av jv, wk kw³ jywk q i q Q Zv Abyfe Ki Z cvi Q bv Ges h_vh_fv e mb kw³ e envii Ki Z cvi Q bv d j AvR Ki c w_exi KvwU KvwU gvbyl wb Ri gvz fvlv Z_v Avcb Av jv Ges wbr ^ kw³ _ K ewâz _ K mskzwpz Rxeb AwZevwnZ Ki Q Ges nvwi q hv Q Zv `i Ag~j m ú`- gy Li eywj gvz fvlv Avi m Rb B we k cö qvrb GKwU gvz fvlv Bbw wudu hvi cvbiwbqi Avgv `i evsjv `k *2 48 evqv bœi fvlv Av `vj bi mb knx` mvjvg-iwd KivB hb Avevi wd i G m AvšÍR vwzk gvz fvlv w`e mi ^xk wz Avb jb, GB mvjvg (euv q) Avi iwdk (Wv b) Ae k l 2011 mv j evsjv ` ki cöavbgš x XvKvi m b evwmpvq AvšÍR vwzk gvz fvlv Bbw wudu AvbyôvwbKfv e D Øvab K i Qb hv gvbe mf Zvi Rb GK gvbjdjk? Gw` K KvbvWvi wewfbœ cöwfý hgb weªwuk Kjw ^qv, A UvwiI Avš R vwzk gvz fvlv w`e mi welqwu m vb- ^xk wz w` q Q dwv ij cvj v g UI welqwu Dc vwcz n q Q mikvwifv e cvj bi Rb cöwfwýqvj mikvi I wmwu D ` vm wb q Q BwZg a f v¼zfv ii AvšÍR vwzk gvz fvlv w`em i Y wbwg Z n q Q Ôwj½yqv AvKzqv Õ gvz fvlvi cöwz i Z w` q Ui Uv wcöwgqvi W v Uj g vm BbwU mvßvwnk e½wj UvBg mi m ½ GK mv vrkv i e j Qb, KD hw` gvz fvlv K fz j hvq, m ZLb Zvi me wkqy nvwi q d j ZvB KvbvWv G e vcv i m PZb *3 g 2009-G Ui Uv wipgû wnj GjvKvi Ggwcwc W. irv gyivw` cö v e cöv `wkk msm` me m wzfv e Avš R vwzk gvz fvlvi w`e mi ^xk wz `q W. irv e jb, gvz fvlvi ^xk wz gvbevwakvi Ask ZvB Gi i Z eûgvwîk Gw` K, KvbvWvi KzB ekevmxiv d«vâ fvlvi Rb c _K iv óªi `vwe Z Av `vjbiz 13 A ±vei 1995-G AbywôZ nu v/bv (49.09% ebvg 51.01%) fv U n i hvq ÔAvgvi fvb qi i ³ ivov bv GKz k deªæqvwi/avwg wk fywj Z cvwiõ... MvbwU 49

26 hgb Avgv `i fvlv Av `vj bi BwZnvm aviy K i, Zgwb KvbvWvi GKwU NUbv I Mv bi mv _ wkqyuv mv` k Lyu R cviqv hvq 1918 mv ji 11 gv mi 11 ZvwiL 11Uvi mgq cö_g wek hy i mgvwß NvlYv Kiv nq hy wbnz 9 wgwjqb ˆmb Zv `i i Y KvbvWvq cöwz eqi 1 _ K 15 b f ^i cvwjz nq- wi gg eªý W Avgiv hgb 21 deªæqvwi Z Kv jve vr aviy Kwi, ZgbB- jvj UyKUy K cwc dzj KI cözxk wnmv e aiv nq ZvB d vûvi wdì bvgk hy Î AmsL g Z ˆmwb Ki jvj i³ cwci jvj i O aviy Kiv n q Q KvbvWvi wel vz Kwe j vd Ub v U K b j Rb g vk K vwi ( ) ÔBb d vûvi wdìmõ bv g GKwU KweZv hy g Z `i i Y wj L wb RI wel vz n q Av Qb KweZvwU 8 ww m ^i Z cö_g Qvcv nq In Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row, That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scarce heard amid the guns below. RvwZms Ni gnvmwp ei Kv Q jlv iwdk-mvjvgmn Ab 8 we `wki Av e`b We are the Dead. Short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved and were loved, and now we lie, In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields. *4 iwdkzj Bmjv gi cö_g wpwvi cwi cöwÿ Z RvwZms Ni c ÿ Awdm-Bb-PvR nvmvb di `Š mi Reve 50 Ui Uv Z knx` wgbvi vc bi Rb wmwu KvDwÝji wg. Mø bi wpwv evovwjiv GLb Avi NiKz bv bq Qwo q Av Q mvivwe k hlv b evovwj, mlv bb evsjv fvlv, mlv bb evsjv ms wz Avi mb ms wzi Awbevh Ask 21 deª qvwi, knx` w`em Ges knx` wgbvi mb knx` wgbvi evsjv ` ki mxgvbv Qvwo q Qwo q co Q hy³iv R, hy³iv ó«, fvi Z, A ªwjqvq, ga cöv P, Rvcv b, Rvg v b, c vwi m Avgvi cö ve, c w_exi me ` kb Aš Z GKwU K i knx` wgbvi wbg v Yi cö qvrb A b KB e w³mz D ` v MB cöev m GKz k GKv Wwg MVb K i Qb, ^cœ ` L Qb knx` wgbv ii hgb wmwwbi wbg j cv jiv Zuv `i gv`vi j v½y qrm& KbRvi fkb B Uvib vkbvj msmv bi gva g wmwwbi A`~ i A vkwd ì vcb K ib Av ik fvlv mša eûrvwzk RvwZmËvi fvlv msi Yi ` óv š i Rb A ªwjqvi wbd mvd_ I qjm ivr mikvi wbg j 51

27 cvj K GK we kl m vbbv cö`vb K i *5 G m ú K ARq `vk ß Ô`~i ` kii D¾ j deª qvwiõ kxl K GK jlvq e j Qb Ôhv `ywbqvi fvlv iw Z, fvlvnviv, fvlv wecv K _vkv gvbyl `i kw³ RvMv e Õ *6 KvbvWvq j vwak evovwji g a Ui Uv ZB nvrvi evsjv `wk _v K e j Aby gq Zvici `ytlrbk n ji mz GLv b GL bv Kv bv knx` wgbvi vwcz nqwb A_P kn ii mv ek gqi WwfW wgjvi 2005-G g Uªv Ui Uvi Kb fbkb m Uv i GKz ki Av jvpbv Abyôv b knx` wgbvi vc bi Rb wmwu KvDwÝji wgm R bu K `vwqz `b m Rb evovwj `i cq `i GKwU RvqMv cöevwm evovwjiv Zv `i cö_vmz Kv ` ji Kvi Y Av Rv wba viy Ki Z cv iwb, ˆZwi Ki Z cvwiwb GKwU HK e Avg eªjv AM vbvb Rkb D jøl, 2005-G vbxq 4wU evsjv mvßvwnk ` k-we ` k, evsjv wi cvu vi, evsjv KvMR, evsjv wbdr mw wjzfv e knx` wgbv ii D ` vm bq ZviciI mb knx` wgbvi Av jvi gyl ` Lwb Z e GKwU msmvb cövq GKKfv eb KvR K i hv Q mb msmv bi bvgñ ÔB Uvib vkbvj gv`i j v½y qr gby g U BgwcÖ g Ukb, BK Õ hvi KY avi gvnv ` Avjx evlvix Zuvi Kv Q vie ivi 38 bs wmwu KvDwÝji Mø vb W ev i gkvi deªæqvwi 03, 2010-G GK wpwv Z Rvwb q Qb, Kb dwv ikb cv K knx` wgbvi n e D jøl, 1967 GjWª gqi ivw G cvk wu HwZnvwmK Kvi YB wel vz D³ wvkvbv KvKZjxqfv e 1967 mv j KvbvWvi cöwzwu cö `k GKwÎZ (Kb dwv ikb) niqvi mvjwu wg j hvq Ui Uvi nvmvb gvngy` GKz ki Avš R vwzkzv wb q GKwU Mvb wj L Qb Ges myi K i Qb Zv wek -GKz k Dcj 2006 mv j Ui Uv evsjv Uwjwfkb I f qm Ae A v gwikv _ K cöpvwiz n q Q MvbwU n jvt w`mš i- Agi GKz k hym hymvš i Qwo q Mj AvR wk gš i gyw³kvgx gvby li Aš i H GKz k - GKz k - GKz k? iwdk mvjvg- `k we ` k Qwo q Mj bvg `k we ` k m e Rvbvj mvjvg i³iv Mknx` wgbvi wk Aj³iv M wek -exyvq ev R mßiv M H GKz k - GKz k - GKz k? 52 wk SsKv iwek -jvjv U R j AnsKv i GKz k i³ Zi AjsKv i H GKz k - GKz k - GKz k? G mv m ewek -gvz fvlvi G Drm e, evsjvi `v b aiv ab n e G mv G mv fvb- Agi GKz ki RqMvb MvB gv qi fvlvi eo bvb wkqy bvb H GKz k - GKz k - GKz k? D jøl, MZ 7 deª qvwi 2011-G gw Uªq j AbywôZ n q Mj CDN Ges NDG kn ii ey iv gq ii cwipvjbvq knx` wgbvi wbg v Yi AvbyôvwbK cö Íve Ges i Z c~y Av jvpbv G Z Dcw Z wq jb CDN Ges NDG-Gi ey iv gqi G cm evb, wmww KvDwÝji gviwwb ieivûmn Ab wefv Mi cöavb e w³em Zv `i g~j D Ïk wqj gw Uªq j mikvwi D ` v M GKwU knx` wgbvi wbg v Yi cö Íve jv n jv: 1. gw Uªq j evovwj Aay wlz GjvKv cøvgû bi K U cv K GKwU knx` wgbvi wbg vy 2. KvbvWv cv i c _ K AvšÍR vwzk gvz fvlv w`em Dcj knx` wgbvi LwPZ WvKwU KU cökvk 3. wewfbœ mikvwi I emikvwi feb ev vb jv Z Ab vb fvlvq LwPZ jlvi cvkvcvwk evsjv jlv mshy³kiy cy iv KvbvWvq wewfbœ e w³ ev msmvb Av em, D Q vm, cöiyvq DØy n q Zxeª kxz D c v K i cöwz eqi A vqx knx` wgbvi wbg vy K i dz j-dz j kö väwj Rvwb q ivz 12Uv 1 wgwb U M q I VÑ Avgvi fvb qi i ³ ivov bv GKz k deª qvwi/avwg wk fzwj Z cvwi... e w³mzfv ei wewfbœ Rb wewfbœfv e GKzk wb q KvR Ki Qb hgb, wewkó AvBbRxex irvdi ingvb A Uvqv _ K 2005 Ges 2007-G ÔZzlv i AwMœwkLvÕ kxl K Abyôvb wbg vy K ib hv cöpvi nq P v bj AvB-G wewuwfi Rb MZ 2010-G dzqv` PŠayix ˆZwi Ki Qb Ui Uv _ K ÔGKzk Zzwg wek R biõ D jøl G eqi A UvwiI mikvi Ges wmwu Gd Ui Uv Awdwmqvwj ÔAvš R vwzk gvz fvlv w`emõ cvj bi Kg m~wp wb q Q GRb z j- z j Ges mikvwi cöwzôv b wpwv `qv 53

28 nvwg`yi ivngvb Aw¼Z knx` wgbv ii g~j wwrvbb (euv q), m xk wkíx nvwg`yi ivngvb (Wv b) n q Q ïay ZvB bq, KvbvWvi wewfbœ v b, wewfbœ Kvh µg, wewfbœfv e Ab vb fvlvi cvkvcvwk evsjv fvlvi GLb vb K i wb q Q GKz k deªæqvwi AvšÍR vwzk gvz fvlv w`em Dcj ÿ mikvwi QzwUi Rb cöevmx evovwjiv GKwU I qemvb U (www. motherlagnguege.ca) m wz msmön Ki Qb cövq cöwzwu evsjv `wk evsjv ` k Rb MÖnY Kivi mšfvm I e o DVvi Kvi Y hfv e gvz fvlvi i Z Dcjwä Ki Z cv i, c w_exi A bk ` ki gvby li m my hvm mxwgz G Kvi Y Zvi gvz fvlv I ms wz Z Zvi Rb Kx Av jv, Kx kw³ jywk q i q Q Zv Abyfe Ki Z cvi Q bv Ges h_vh_fv e mb kw³ e envii Ki Z cvi Q bv d j AvR Ki c w_exi KvwU KvwU gvbyl wb Ri Av jv Ges kw³ _ K ewâz _ K mskzwpz Rxeb AwZevwnZ Ki Q f v¼zfv ii Avwgbyj Bmjvg gvijvi GKzk wb q wj L Qb GKwU bvukñ ÔDwbk wekõ hv `k Kbw `Z n q Q Gw` K KvbvWvi eo eo kn i RuvKRgKfv e GKzk cvjb K i wewfbœ msmvb D jøl, A Uvqv evsjv `k `~Zvevm KZ K Av qvwrz ÔAvšÍR vwzk gvz fvlv w`em 2010Õ Dcj ÿ nvbkwgkbv ii evmfe bi Abyôvb wb q A b KB ÿvf cökvk K i Qb KviY, D³ GKz ki Abyôv b fvlv w`em, fvlv Av `vjb, AvšÍR vwzk gvz fvlv w`em BZ vw` wb q Kv bv K_vevZ v-av jvpbvb nqwb mlv b GKgvÎ e³v nvbkwgkbvi wb RB ivóªcwz, cöavbgš x Ges ciivóªgš xi evyx c o kvbvb Ges wb Ri YMvb M q `~Zvev mi Dbœqbg~jK Kvh µg e vl v K ib cwi k l, Dcw Z mevb K `vqv-`iæ`-myiv c o gvbvrvz aivi AvnŸvb Rvbvb 54 Zv Z Ab ag xq m úö`v qi AwZw_iv weeªz eva K ib KviY, wzwb wbr-wbr ag gvzv ek cöv_ bvi AvnŸvb Rvbvbwb K `ªxq knx` wgbv ii bkkvwe` wkíx nvwg`yi ivngvbi kl Rxe b kko Mu _ wq jb KvbvWvi gw U«q j 19 b f ^i 1988 mv j GLv bb ci jvkmgb K ib KvbvWvi gvwu ZB wpiwb`ªvq kvwqz Avgv `i nvwg`yi ivngvb *7 ïi Z D j-l Kiv n q Q, Aciw` K Avš R vwzk gvz fvlv w`e mi cö vekvix Ges D ` v³v iwdkzj Bmjvg I Avãym mvjvg `yõrbb KvbvWvi f v¼yfv i Awfevmx Gw` K wek we` vj q cov bv n Q evsjv fvlv I mvwnz evsjv fvlvi A bk jlk GLb KvbvWvq Awfevmx hgb Avdmvb PŠayix, jyrdi ingvb wiub, ˆmq` BKevj, ˆmq` gvn ` kv n`, BKevj nvmvb, wm v_ nk, gvmy` Lvb, bvnvi gwbkv, Zzlvi Mv qb, iywrr wek vm, Avjg Lvi k`, mv` Kvgvjx, wkwki fævpvh, Lmiæ PŠayix, di `Šm bvnvi Ges Av iv A b K Gfv eb KvbvWvq Luy R cviqv hv e evsjv fvlv, mvwnz ms wzi PvjwPÎ c~ e D jøl K iwq, hlv b evovwj, mlv bb evsjv Avš R vwzk gvz fvlv w`em AR bi ci M e i m ½ ejv hvq, evsjv fvlvi Kv bv m~h v bb Z_ m~î: 1. W. wek wrr Nv li e³e, deª qvwi 9, 2011 ˆ`wbK mgkvj, XvKv 2. we k cö qvrb GKwU gvz fvlv Bbw wudu/ iwdkyj Bmjvg, B ËdvK mvgwqkx, A ±vei 07, 2011, XvKv 3. mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, A ±vei 20, 2009, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 4. Discover Canada/ The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship. Edition 2010, Canada. Page/22 5. Avgv `i mgq, deª qvwi 4, 2010, XvKv 6. ˆ`wbK RbKÉ, deª qvwi 08, 2010, XvKv 7. cöevm evsjv, deªæqvwi 03, 1994, gw U«qj, KvbvWv 55

29 cöev m cöwz gv mb evovwj `i Drme evovwj `i ev iv gv m Z iv cve Y Zvi g a me Rbxb Drme n Q- evsjv beel c njv ˆekvL Avengvb MÖvg evsjvi HwZn evnx G Drme Kvjµ g bzyb gvîv c q Q, MÖvgxY ev jvkr ms wz GLb bvmwik ms wz Z_v me Rbxb mvs wzk Drm e cwiyz n q Q d j Avw` Drm ei bv `wbkzv wkqyuv ÿzyœ n q Q, Avevi Ab fv e wkqyuv bv `wbkzv e w c q Q GUv Aek B fv jvg `i wezk i q Q A b KiB Awf hvm, ˆekvLx K bmivqb K i kn ii mvrv bv iƒc-imio w` q ÔXsÕ K i ^vfvwek ^Ztù Z Zv K bó Kiv n Q c vš i ejv hvq, evsjv beel Z_v c njv ˆekv Li iæz Ges MŠieZ Av iv D¾ j n q Q hb bškv _ K MÖv gi MiæiMvwo P o kn i G m Q, kni _ K U«b P o ivravbx Z G m Q Avi ivravbx _ K D ovrvnv R D o cöev m Qwo q c o Q ˆekvLx Drme ZvB GLb UvwKI, Ui Uv, jûb, wbdbqk, ivg, wmwwb we k i wewfbœ kni jv gylwiz n q D V evovwj `i ˆekvLx Drm e cöev m Kg e Zv Ges Rxeb msmöv g mevb nuvwd q D V, we `wk ms wzi g a hlb nveywyey Lvq, ZLb wbr ^ kk oi müv b wkqyuv AvZ Z wß Lyu R we kl K i bzyb cörb `i Rb Q j g q K ejv nq- GB Zvgvi Avw` Drme, GB Zvgvi AvZ cwipq we ` k wgkª ms wzi g a wcz cyiæl `i HwZn ev ms wz cökvki GK ai bi AnsKvi, MŠie KviY, wefzub q Z Zxq/PZy_ /câg cörb iv ch vqµ g wgkªmvs wzk mªv Z nvwi q d j AvZ ms wzi Aw Z mrb ïay ^ `k ev gvz f~wgi ^v _ B bq, wek ms wzi ^v _ B cöwzwu RvwZ- Mvôx-m úöö`v qi wbr wbr ms wz K PP vi gva g euvwp q ivlv GKvš Avek K Gw`K w` q, Avgv `i evovwjiv GK avc GwM q e j Avgvi wek vm cöevmxiv mviv eqib Ny i wd i werq w`em, knx` w`em, Z_v Avš R vwzk gvz fvlv w`em, ^vaxbzv w`em, ˆekvLx Drme BZ vw` QvovI iex `ª-bRiæj Rqš x, C`-c~Rv, RvwZi RbK e½eüzi Rb -g Zz evwl Kx, h_v hvm gh v`v Ges gnv-drm e cvjb Ki Q, Zy j ai Q evsjvi BwZnvm-HwZn -AnsKvi K G cöm ½ GKwU iyxq NUbv Zy j aiv cö qvrb eva KiwQ 2005-G UvwKI Z ˆekvLx Drme 1412 Av qvrb Ki Q cöevmx evovwjiv mv j UvwKIi wbwk wp cv K knx` wgbv ii wfwëcö Í i jl Ki cö_g cy ú ÍeK Ac Y mlvbkvi GK jlk, m úv`k I ms wzkg x Avgv K wbgš Y Ki jv Avwg cö ve Kijvg, Avgvi P q Ggb GKRb K bvi hv Z gjvuv AvKl Yxq nq cö_ g nygvq~b Avn g` c i Bg`v`yj nk wgj bi bvg wvk Kijvg wgjb Avi Avwg QvovI Av iv `yõrb mvsevw`k gwbi nvq`vi I wbkvz gykwdkv, Avgiv hvm w`jvg wbwkkzwp cv K i ˆekvLx gjvq Ab GK Abyôv b G m hvm w` jb kvbl wmivr, Avw`Z kvnxb cögyl Lye RgRgvU gjv n jv `yõw`be vcx Abyôv b UvwKI wkbzv iv Bwknvbvi e` j hvm w` jb WcywU gqi Zvwkgv Kz Zv K Zy j `qv n jv cözxkx knx` wgbvi Ges cöevmxiv `vwe Rvbv jb mlv b GKwU knx` wgbvi vc bi gvbbxq gqi ivwr n jb Ges `yõwzb gvm c ib wbwkkzwp cv K cö vwez knx` wgbvi D Øvab Ki jb ZrKvjxb cöavbgš x Lv j`v wrqv mšfvm µ g NUbvP µ UvwKI Avš R vwzk eb gjvq Ask bqvi Rb mb mgq AveviI Avwg UvwKI Z `~Zvevm _ K `viqvz cjvg nv Zi Kv Q cy ú bb ZeyI Av e M Avc-yZ n q wb Ri KvU _ K wdzvdz ji ebr Ly j AvwgB cö_g cy úväwj Ac Y Kijvg *1 AvR m~ h v` qi ` ki ivravbxi ey K evsjvi knx` wgbvi `uvwo q Av Q! hv Rvcvb cöevmx evovwjiv ˆekvLx gjv _ KB m~pbv K iwqj! Kv RB ˆekv Li mv _ werq w`em, werq w`e mi mv _ iex `ª-bRiæj ci ú ii mv _ m ú ³ h 57

30 m ú ³Zvq evsjv ms wz mg Ges m úömvwiz mb m úömvi Yi Rq I Rvqvi `Lv cvb, Z iv nvrvi gvbj `~ i my`~i KvbvWvq KvbvWvq me m úö`vqb wb R `i bzyb eqi eiy K i wbr ^ mvs wzk Kg Kv Ð Z e PvBwbR `i beel D`hvcb Pv L covi g Zv Gw` K wkl m úö`vq KZ K Av qvwrz evsjv bzyb eqi ei Yi Drme Dcj ˆekvLx kvfvhvîvq hvm `b cöavbgš x w db nvicvi KvbvWvi cwð gi weªwuk Kjw ^qv cö ` ki f v¼yfvi bmixi iæ`yqviv _ K kvfvhvîvi Av qvrb Kiv nq ˆekvLx kvfvhvîvq cöavbgš x QvovI weªwuk Kjw ^qv cö ` ki cöavbgš x wµw K vk, f v¼zfv ii gqi RR ievu mb, mv ek ^v gš x D¾ j `vmvämn A b K wq jb d j evsjv el ei Yi Drme cöevmx evovwj `i Qvwo q Ab m úöö`v qi g a Qwo q c o Q cöavbgš x nvicvi GK wpwv Z cöevmx evovwj `i bee l i ï f Qv Rvwb q Qb *2 evsjv beel c njv ˆekvL mvaviyz 15 GwcÖj c o Avi Gi KvQvKvwQ kwb-iwe QywUi w`b wewfbœ msmvb jv e vck Kg m~wp nv Z bq evsjv cvov jv R g D V bvbvb Av qvr b A_P GK hym ev GK `kk Av MI G Zv e vck nv i ˆekvLx Drme cvwjz n Zv bv N ivqvfv e eüzevüe AvZ xq- ^Rb `i g a GKmgq mxgve wqj cvš v Bwj ki g a Avi GLb 5 Wjvi 10 Wjvi wuwku K U cöevmxiv Abyôvb Dc fvm K i hv ivr bwzk Ges evwywr K welq hy³ n q Q Avevi wkqyuv `j- Kv `ji m wó n q Q wemz 3-4 eqi a i `LwQ, cöpð kxz I ZylvicvZ kl n q eidm j Aciƒc mey R Q q hvq c w_exi Ab Zg miv kni Ui Uv Avi Ui UvevmxI Mv-Svov w` q R M D V kxzmgmö _ K d j ˆekvLx Drme cövy cvq wfbœ gvîvq cöwz eqib, evsjv `k _ K Avm Qb L vwzgvb wkíxiv hgb- iæbv jvqjv, AvjgMxi, eex bvrbxb, ïå `e, G Û«v wk kvi, Kzgvi wek wrr, Zcb PŠayix, KbKPvcv, Zvwib, nvq`vi nv mb, kvnbvr eex, wgjviv G m Drm ei Abyôvb jv K Rxeš K i wy Ki Rb n ji Mv b Mv b g b nq cöev m wgwb evsjv `k XvKvi igbvi Drm ei g Zv bv n ji cöevmx evovwjiv m R R we kl K i bvix `i kvwo civ g b Kwi q `q Kzgvi wek wr Zi Mv bi Kwj: GK w`b evovwj wqjvg i... Z_ m~î: 1. wøgvwmk cwiµgv, RyjvB-AvM 2005, myb Wb Ges ˆ`wbK fv ii KvMR, RyjvB 12, 2005, XvKv 2. WBwj f v¼yfvi mvb, GwcÖj 17, 2011, f v¼yfvi, KvbvWv 58 KvbvWvq gbw Bb evsjv `k KvbvWvi kv`vkxz Avi wng VvÐv hgb GKUz GKUz K i Mv-Svov w` q meyr mvgvi K ^vmz Rvbv Q, Zgwb wek g `vi GKUz GKUz KvU Z ïi K i Q wkqyuv Pv½v n q DV Q KvbvwWqvbiv A_ bxwzwe` wdwjc µm e j Qb, 2008-Gi A_ bwzk g `vq Rvcvb-Av gwikvi w` K ZvKv j evsv hvq, wek e vcx bwriwenxb g `v Ae v wkš KvbvWvq GB g `v Zvi bli emv Z cv iwb KviY, KvbvWvi cöavbgš x g `v KvUv bvi Rb ïi ZB `ª Z wkqy c` c bb hw`i Zv Kvh Ki f~wgkv i L Q wk-bv Zv A_ bxwzwe`iv mw `nvb! KviY, g `vq 11% KvbvwWqvb Avµvš Kv bv Kv bv cöwf Ý 20 kzvs k `uvwo q Q cövq 30 jvl gvbyl Nievwo Q o iv vq b g G m Q ev Avmvi Dcµg m vj fkb Avwg cökvwkz cöwz e` b G Z_ cökvk cvq ms vi Rbms hvm cwipvjk G vûy ivewwu e jb, Avgiv AvZ ¼ AvwQ! wezk, wøgz hvb nvk KvbvWv KvwU q D V Q µvwš Kvj Avevi K vb cwimsl v ms vi fvl, wr-7 `k jv g a KvbvWvB mevi Av M kw³kvjx iƒc wb q D V `uvov Q, Ny i `uvov Q cöe w i nvi, idzvwb, Kg ms vb, ekviz wbim b Av iv mymsev`, we k i wøzxq miv wewb qvmevüe `k KvbvWv wek L vz mybr Avw_ K civgk K cöwzôvb Rvwb q Q, wewb qv Mi Rb LyeB AvKl Yxq Î gw Kvi cib KvbvWvi vb Gi KviY, K `ªxq I cöv `wkk mikv ii K ii nvi Kgv bv I KiYxwZi ms vi Ges wewb qv Mi AvKl Y cöwzeükzv AcmviY d j ivr wfwëk wewb qv MI we k i 10 kx l i g a gw U«qj Z Zxq, f v¼yfvi câg Avi Ui Uv lô v b i q Q G ch v q gvwk b hy³iv ó«i Ae vb ` ki ZvwjKvq bb ZvB me wgwj q M-b gbi e j Qb, 2010-G k³ A_ bwzk wfwëi Kvi YB KvbvWv mevi Av M wek g `vi cöfve _ K ewi q Avm Q Dc i D j-wlz A_ bwzk ZvwË K Z_ GB Rb B Zy j aijvg h, KvbvWvi mv _ evsjv ` ki wewb qvm evwyr jb `b m ú ³ hv evsjv ` ki cöfve co e Gw` K wewjqb Wjvi K v e bvg wjwl q Q evsjv `k-kvbvwv idzvwb evwyr! G cöm ½ c i Av jvkcvz KiwQ Zvi c~ e evsjv `k evwyr gjvi wpî Dc vcb Kiv hvk 59

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32 6 GK gwnjv AskMÖnYKvix ej jb, 90 jvl mikvwi UvKvi AcPq gvî KviY, gjvi AvDUcyU mvik~b A_P G ai bi GKwU m vebvgq myey my hvm K Avgiv Kv R jvmv Z cviwq bv AvMvgx Z Gme ÎæwUgy³ Ki j gjvi Av qvrb mv_ K n e evsjv ` ki cy hme cöwzôvb Avg`vwb K i, Zviv n jvñ wmqvm, e, Iqvj gvu, Rjvm, jvejm, nvg ww cv, GBPwewm, KvU Kv, bwe, w` wkum&, ` v wp ìªb c- vm, Avi wwbm, KvbvwWqvb Uvqvi cöf wz Avg`vwb cöm ½ wmqv m i G mvwm qu g v brvi ZvbwRb ivngvb ixgv Rvbvb, Gme cöwzôvb K wbgš Y Rvbv bv nqwb, n ji Zv `vqmvivfv e Kiv n q Q Avi mvwe K Abyôvb, Abyôv bi PvjwPÎ I cö`k bx h Pig Ae e vcbv Zv j¾vki! hv ` ki B gr K D¾ ji P q Av iv A bkvs k øvb Ki Q D j-l, 2010-Gi 26 g _ K 28 g ch š KvbvWvi evwywr K kni Ui Uvi g Uªv Kb fbkb m Uv i AbywôZ nq evsjv `k-g cv 2010 evsjv `k nvbkwgkb A Uvqv Ges G cvu cö gvkb ey iv Ae evsjv ` ki hš_ D ` v M 3 w`be vcx GB evwyr gjv G Z mn hvwmzv Ki Q U«W dvwmwj Ukb Awdm KvbvWv KvbvwWqvb Bg cvu vi Ges wer bm Ibvi `i AvKl Y Kivi Rb G gjvi f~wgkv AZ š i Z c~y wqj evsjv ` ki Aa kzvwak cy mvgmöx Z (ˆZwi cvkvk, wbuiq vi, n vwûµvdum, RyU Wm, d«v Rb, j`vi, dzuiq vi, UwjIq vi, wmivwgk, AvBwU, msµvš cövmövg cöf wz) c~y wqj Av jvp evwyr gjv `yõ ` ki eüyz, K U bwzk m úk, mvs wzk mzyeüb, Bwg MÖk bi cvkvcvwk evwy R i welqwui AMÖvwaKvi wfwë Z m ú ³ hw` GB gjvq evsjv ` ki cy KvbvWvq Avg`vwbi Rb vb cvq, Zvn j evsjv `k A_ bxwz Z A bk jvfevb n e mrb mswk-ó mevb KB hvi hvi Ae vb _ K f wgkv wb Z n e hv Z ciez x Z gjv h_vh fv e mvdj AR b Ki Z cv i KvbvWv evsjv ` ki fv jv eüz, Avi mb eüz Z i Ab Zg ` óvš, 2003 _ K ˆZwi cvkvkmn Ab vb `ªe K ïé I KvUvgy³ cö ekvwakvi w` q Q d j µ gvbœwz n Q cöe w i 2008-Gi _ K 2009-G e w c q Q 18% Avi ˆZwi cvkv K 26%-G DËxY n q Q evsjv ` ki Rb KvbvWv Z Zxq e nr evwyr vb niqv m Ë I Zv KZ c KvR jvmv Z cv iwb Zv `i e _ Zvi LwZqvb `xn G cöm ½ dv m µuvwi (Kgvm ) Gg`v`Dj-vn wgqv e jb, evsjv `k cy KvqvwjwU Z e Ges `v gi Zyjbvg~jK m v cöwz hvwmzvg~jk g~j Avi YMZ gvb wbwð Z Avgiv cöwzköæwze evsjv `k-kvbvwv U«W v UwR _ K Rvbv hvq, evsjv ` ki Rb hy³ivr, hy³iv ó«i cib KvbvWv Z Zxq e nr evwyr vb cwimsl vi Z_, 1999-G h KvbvWvq idzvwb wqj wgwjqb Avi Avg`vwbi cwigvy wqj 66.93; Zv G `uvwo q Q h_vµ g wgwjqb Ges G hv Ab vb eq ii P q 24.34% ewk me kl A_ eq i KvbvWv evsjv `k _ K cy G b Q Avi KvbvWv _ K idzvwb n q Q wgwjqb Wjvi *1 Aci GK Z _ Rvbv hvq, KvbvWv I evsjv ` ki g a MZ A_ eq i idzvwb e o Q 14 kzvsk Avi evwyr n q Q 1 wgwjqb gvwk b Wjvi *2 ZviciI A Uvqvmn Òwe k i 44wU ` ki evsjv `k wgk bi g a 24wU wgkbb RyjvB 2009 _ K PjwZ eq ii deªæqvvwi ch š wba vwiz evwyr j gvîv AR b e _ n q Q ciivó«gš Yvjq _ K MZ 4 g 2010-G ˆZwiK Z g~j vqb cöwz e` b `Lv M Q, evwyr j gvîv AR bi P q ewk e _ n q Q Gwkqvi `k _vbj vû e vsk Ki wgkbwu j gvîvi 66 fvmb AR b e _ n q Q e _ wgkb n Q- `yevb, eªv mjm, nm, evwj b, jûb, ivg, K nvg, gvw`ª`, wm½vcyi, Av¼viv, IqvwksUb, wmdj, c vwim, K vb eiv, wiqv`, Bmjvgvev`, ZvmL `, g vwbjv, eªæbvb, KvVgvÛy I Kz qz cwðgv I ga cöv P i i Z c~y wgkb jv evwyr j gvîv AR b e _ niqvq wpwýz evwyr I ciivó«gš Yvjq we ` ki h 20wU wgkb j gvîv AR b m g n q Q Gi g a i q Q bqvw`wj- Zv `i j gvîv 195 `kwgk 25 wgwjqb gvwk b Wjv ii wecix Z AwR Z n q 26 wgwjqb gvwk b Wjvi wî cvwj, bvb ivwe, cvbvgv, gv vu, w_ úy, Znivb, n vbq, UvwKI, nsks, `vnv, ebwrs, Bqv½yb, Kj ^v, Kzqvjvjvgcyi, g v, RvKvZ v, ivevz, Kvq iv I Av vb Avkvi K_v n jv- Px bi nsks I ebwrs Dfq wgkbb j gvîv AR b mg_ n q Q Ó `yõeqi Av MI GKB v b evsjv ` ki D ` v M evwyr gjv AbywôZ n qwqj wkš `k K wn m e Avgiv nzvk n qwq d j GB evwyr gjv 99.66% e _ gjv A_P Avgiv KvbvWv Awfevmxiv ^cœ `wl hlb eo eo g j ev gv K U hve, `Le wmqvm, Rjvm, e- Z PgrKvi PgrKvi gb gvzv bv cvkvk! h cvkvk Avgv `i Mv g U mi kªwgk evb `i kª gi Nv g ˆZwi h cvkv Ki j f j jlvñ gbw Bb evsjv `k! Avb ` gbuv f i hv e ZvB kwcs m Uv ii Kvc oi mkk b Xy KB Avgvi QvU g q AwR Zv Qy U hv e Avi Lyu R ei Ki e- gbw Bb evsjv `k Z_ m~î: 1. evsjv `k idzvwb Dbœqb ey iv I vwuw K KvbvWv gvzv ek A Uvqv evsjv `k `~Zvevm, KvbvWv 2. ˆ`wbK Avgv `i mgq, deªæqvwi 14, 2011, XvKv 63

33 hlv b evsjv KweZv, mlv bb kvgmyi ivngvb kvgmyi ivngvb we k i eû ` k ågy K i Qb `yõevi Ny i M Qb KvbvWvI KvbvWvq Zuvi wkqy Ab ikg Avb `i w`b K U Q, i q Q wkqy gayi wz cö_gevi 1991 mv j wbdbqk _ K Ui Uv Z Av mb Avi wøzxqevi Av mb 1985 mv j gw U«q j AbywôZ dvevbvq iwe VvKzi KvbvWvq G m ÔAwfhvbÕ KweZv wj LwQ jb Avevi f~ cb nvrvwikvi Mv b D V G m Q A Uvqv b`x kvgmyi ivngvb KvbvWv wb q Kv bv KweZv wksev Mvb ipbv K i Qb wk-bv, Avgvi Rvbv bb Kwe kvgmyi ivngv bi QvU g q kev ivngvb GLb A Uvqvq ïay ivngv bi g qb bq; KvbvWvq i q Qb Kwe iwdk AvRv `i Q j Awfbœ AvRv`, Avmv` PŠayixi Q j Avwmd PŠayix, gnv `e mvnvi Q j Zx_ mvnv, wm v_ n Ki Q j ivûj nk cögyl G Qvov KvbvWvq i q Qb Kwei A bk NwbôRb jlkmvsevw`k-mvs wzkkg x Zuv `i K_vB ewj eû eqi Av Mi K_v beÿb `k Ki ïi Z A Uvqv _ K W. gvngy`yj nvmvb ÔgvwmK evsjv `kõ KvMR ei Ki Zb Zv Z AvwgI hy³ wqjvg ZLb KweKb v kev 1997 mv j Avm eb KvbvWvq GKUv digvj wpwv `ikvi ivngvb fvb ej jb, `yjvj e e v Kiv hv e Ges mb mye e v K iwq jb gvngy`yj nvmvb, whwb GLb K vwj dvwb qvq mb kev m ú K Rvniv (ivngvb) fvex Zuvi g Zz i Av M e jwq jb-, ÔAvgvi LuvR Lei bv wb ji Avgvi g qi Lei wbiõ *1 `o hym Av Mi Av ikwu NUbv A_ vr 1992 mv ji K_v Avwg ZLb XvKvq gvngy`yj nvmv bi KvQ _ K dvb wb q hvmv hvm Ki jb A Uvqvi W. gxrvb ingvb Zuv K kvgmyi ivngv bi m ½ `Lv Kwi q w` Z n e mgq Y R b wb q GK mü vq ivngvb fvb qi 3/1 k vgjxi evmvq nvwri njvg gxrvb ingvb web qi mv _ Zy j w` jb Zuvi cö_g MÖš - ÔZx_ Avgvi MÖvg Õ bvguv ` L LyeB cöksmv Ki jb eûw`b ci cyi bv `yb eüzi MÖwš Z niqvi gv S Avwg wz n q Mu vkjvg c~ e B e jwq, KvbvWvq Zuvi A bk NwbôRb Ges AbyivMx Av Qb, Zuv `i g a 64 QvU g q kevi Kv Q jlv kvgmyi ivngv bi wpwv 65

34 gw Uªq j AbywôZ dvevbvq Kwe kvgmyi ivngvb, Kwe ˆmq` kvgmyj nk Ges wkíx ˆmq` BKevj Ab Zg bv qmöv emevmkvix mvs wzk e w³z ˆmq` mvjvndwïb RvKx RvKx fvb ZLb evsjv `k Uwjwfk bi gnvcwipvjk Avi Avwg wewuwfi wkímvwnz -ms wz welq Abyôvb Ô` wó I m wóõ Dc vcbv Kwi Avgvi Abyôv bi cö hvrk wq jb ˆmq` Rvgvb wzwb KL bvb bvuk cö hvrbv K ibwb B Q cökvk Ki jb bvuk Ki eb Avwg RvKx fvb qi m ½ K_v e j c ii cövwš Ki Rb kvgmyi ivngv bi Mí _ K bvuk Ômvhhv` Avwg bi K_vÕi mvims c Rgv w`b MíwU cvmj `i wb q ZvB cövq GKgvm M elyv Kwi cvmj `i BwZnvm wb q, cvebvi cvmjvmvi` wb q, g bvweávb wb q GUv AvgviI cö_g jlv bvuk w ŒÞ cviqvi ci Awdwmqvj bv U RvKx fvb h AmvaviY wjwlz gš e K iwq jb, Zv Avgvi Rb AZ š Avb `i Ges M e i mb Ômvhhv` Avwg bi K_vÕ cöpvi n qwqj wewuwf Z *2 Avi bvukwu Z h AmvaviY Awfbq K iwq jb nvweeyj nvmvb, Zv ` L ivngvb gy» n q Zuvi mv _ `Lv Ki Z B Q cökvk K iwq jb bvu K nvweeyj nvmvb QvovI Av iv Awfbq K iwq jb Lvqi j Avjg meyr, mv¾v` gvngy`, wkwib ekzj, ggx, Avgvi eo g q Abvw` wbgmœ cögyl Ui Uv W vb dv _ i evsjv wgwwqvq kvgmyi ivngv bi mb bvukwu msiw Z Av Q Ab vb eyk j Av Q Zuvi jlv ipbvewj I Ab vb MÖš A Uvqvi mvbdzj Iqv`y` njv ji Kv Q Av Q `yj f cövgvy wpî 66 mygb ingv bi i q Q Kwei GKwU AcÖKvwkZ KweZv KweZvi cuf~wg m ú K mygb ingvb Rvbvb h, 1976 mvj i 17 deªæqvwi ivrkvnx wek w` vj qi mgvez b Abyôv b AwZw_ n q wm q Qwj b- Kwe kvgmyi ivngvb, Avj gvngy` Ges Awf bzv Mvjvg gv dv ZLb wek we` vj qi wupvm K ve Ry eix fe b iv Zi AvÇvi GK duv K mygb ingv bi Wv qwi Z Zvr YwKfv e GB QvÆ KweZvwU wj L `b A bk eqi ci A_ vr 1983 mv j mygb ingvb ˆ`wbK kvgmyi ivngv bi AcÖKvwkZ KweZv evsjvq hvm `b ZLb kvgmyi ivngvb ˆ`wbK evsjvi cöavb m úv`k ez gv b mygb KvbvWvi Gwkqvb Uwjwfwkb buiqvk (GwUGb)-Gi G mvmwq U cöwwdmvi 36 eqi Av Mi jlv Kwei AcÖKvwkZ KweZvwU AvR Av jvi gyl `L jv Ôme Y bzrvby Avwg KweZvi Kv Q, Zv Z Kvi Kxev Av m hvq? Zey ^ cœi Mvcb Lv Z eõ q hvq Avgvi Rxeb KZUyKy DV e fõ i A jšwkk GKwU LvgviÕ kvgmyi ivngv bi wz Z, KweZvq, Dcb v m bvbvfv e vb c q Q Kwe Rvnvbviv AvLZvi wzwb GLb Ui Uvi eªvgu b emevm Ki Qb Zv K wb q jlv Dcb vm Ô m G jv A ejvqõ Ges Kve MÖš Ôü` q Avgvi c w_exi Av jvõ eûj Av jvwpz W. Avey nbv gv dv Kvgvj nv U nuvwo f O Rvwb q wq jb- ÔRvnvbÕ gv b c w_ex, Avi ÔAvivÕ gv b ÔAv jvõi Drm Rvnvbvivi Kv Q Av Q kvgmyi ivngv bi Qwe, KweZv, wpwv I mv vrkvi 67

35 KvbvWvi cîcwîkvi m ½ kvgmyi ivngv bi mswkøózvi wkqz bgybv wpwkrmvi ci wzwb Zuvi kix i Ges gw G - i wi cvu Rvnvbvivi Kv Q Rgv i L wq jb 1995 mv ji m Þ ^ i 1 _ K 3 wzb w`be vcx `yõwu dvevbv m jb nq gw U«q j GKwU nq jvfvj kivub Kbf bkb m Uv i Ab wu WvDb UvD bi kivub UvIqvi I m Uv i wøzxqwui D Øvab K ib kvgmyi ivngvb D Øvabx fvl Y Kwe kvgmyi ivngvb Ô `kxq ms wz aviy, cöpvi I PP v cöevmx `i GB D ` v Mi f~qmx cöksmv K i gnvm j bi mvwe K mvdj Kvgbv K ib Õ *3 m j b Av iv hviv Ask bb, Zviv n jb Aa vck Kexi PŠayix, Kwe ˆmq` kvgmyj nk, bvwmi DwÏb BDmyd ev Py, wkgyj BDmyd, bvwk` Kvgvj, gvngy`yi ingvb eby cögyl G mgq kvgmyi ivngvb jvfvj kivub wkíx ˆmq` BKev ji Ôevsjv`k Ny i `uvoviõ kxl K GKwU wpî cö`k bx D Øvab K ib *4 A Uvqv _ K cökvwkz W. gvngy`yj nvmv bi gvwmk evsjv `k, gw U«qj _ K cökvwkz cöevm evsjv, gvwmk `k w`m š Avwg evsjv` ki cöwzwbwa wn m e beÿb `k Ki ïi Z hy³ _vkvq kvgmyi ivngvb Gme KvM R wj L Qb GKevi `k w`m š i el c~wz msl vq ^n ïf Qv evyx w` qwq jb *5 G Qvov KvbvWv _ K cökvwkz KvMR jv Z Zuvi bvbvb m ú ³Zv wqj Zvi wkqz mwpî ` óvší 68 Dc vwcz n jv Gw` K Zuvi ^n Í jlv KweZvi mv _ wkíx Avwgbyj n Ki AuvKv hš_ AuvKvAuvwK- jlv jwli wmé ccv ii wkíkg Ui Uvi Kwe BKevj nvmvb, KvRx Lmi, RR ivqmn A b KiB msi Y i q Q ivngvb fvb qi g Zz msev` cvb KvbvWvq e m mb mgq Avwg Aaybvjyß mvßvwnk evsjv wi cv U i cöavb m úv`k ZLb BKevj nvmv bi mn hvwmzvq 4 c ôvi GKwU iymsl v Kwi Ges GK mßvn ci W vb dv_ ÔmvRÕ-Gi wgjbvqz b Av qvrb Kwi wzmfv Abš Avn g`i GKwU PgrKvi Abyôvb K iwq jb Zuvi g Zz i ci kvgmyi ivngv bi GKgvÎ M íi eb cökvkk : MÖš jlk kvgmyi ivngvb ïay evsjv ` kb bq; hlv b evovwj, hlv b evsjv KweZv, mlv bb kvgmyi ivngvb Z_ m~î: 1. evsjvwbdr Uv qw U dvi.kg, b f ^i 26, 2011, XvKv 2. bvukwui cöpvi ZvwiL deªæqvwi 13, 1999, evsjv `k Uwjwfkb, XvKv 3. mvßvwnk cöevm evsjv, m Þ ^i 22, 1995 `k w`mš, gw U«qj, KvbvWv 4. mvßvwnk cöevm evsjv, m Þ ^i 13, 1995, gw U«qj, KvbvWv 5. gvwmk `k w`mš, gvp, 1998, gw U«qj, KvbvWv 69

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38 co Q, ZviB wqu U duvuv evg w` K mvb Kj Pvjv Q GK Zi Yx, Uys Uvs K i ej evrv jv g b co jv Avj gvngy `i KweZv- mvb Kj h bv W K DV jvt iv eqv, iv eqv KzKzi wb q nuvu Q GK eywo Lv gvlvb ND ND K i D V agk L jv nvjkvfv e nuvcv Z nuvcv Z `Šov Q GK ga eqmx jvk eb cvmj Av ikrb ÔnvBÕ e j Avgv `i µm K i D ëv w` K P j Mj gvmy` Lvb ej jb, GB f`ª jvk G m Qb BD ivc _ K cwi ekev`x, cövwyweávbx gv S gv S gvmy` Lvb Zuvi KvQ _ K evuvwb-ev qvjwri `x v bb- GUv Lv eb bv welv³i n Z cv i, wksev Z Zv GUv Lvb- wgwó wgwó Avgiv nuvu Z nuvu Z KweZvi K_v fy j hvb cövk wzk GB g bvgy» cwi e k n q DwV cwi ekwe` MvQ _ K wqu o LvB ey bv dj- gvj ewi, Rswj e-y ewi, e- vk ewi..., Wv j Wv j Qy U eov bv KvVweovwji m ½ fvm K i Avgv `i Av jvpbvq Av m- mš ` h i fv U n i hviqv my `ieb, e bi gvqvex nwiy, wek L vz i qj e½j UvBMvi _ K cvzvevnvwi gcjwjd, io ei Oi KvVweovwj, ebweovwji g Zv ikzb, nuvm cöf wz Avgiv hb Kv cb n Mb _ K KvbKzb, KvbKzb _ K Wvievb m j b hvw Q gvmy` Lvb cökœ K i- `yjvj fvb, kx Z hlb mewkqy ei d X K hvq, ZLb Gme cövyxkzj cuvp-qq gvm Kv_vq hvq, KB _v K! Kxfv e euv P? cvwl I nuv miv bv nq D o hvq `~i ` k wkš cövyxiv Kxfv e wu K _v K? Avwg ejjvg, ÔKvVweovwj ev nuv mi fvlv Rvb j I `i wr M m KiZvgÕ gvmy` Lvb ej jb- Kwei g Zv Reve w` jb gvmy` Lvb ej Z _v Kb- DB Uvi, w úös, mvgvi, dj Pvi FZyi weez buv A zz dj FZy dzwi q hviqvi mgq Kxfv e cvzv jv meyr _ K nvjkv njy`, njy` _ K jvj-kgjv, Zvici a~mizvq io e`jv Z _v K! Avwg we Ái g Zv ejjvg- ÔMv Qi cvzvi meyr i Oi K v ivwdj wcm g Ui mv _ Av iv _v K Aí cwigv Y njy` R v š vwdj Ges Kgjv weuv K v ivwub MÖvwqs wmr b ev evoš eq m cvzvi io _v K meyr dj ev AU gi AvMg b cwi e ki ZvcgvÎv hlb Kg Z ïi K i, GKB mv _ wbt kl n Z _v K K v ivwdj Z e K v ivwdj h nv i wbt kl n Z _v K Zvi PvB Z A bk aximwz Z Kg Z _v K R v š vwdj I weuv K v ivwub G avivevwnkzvq K v ivwdj wbt kl niqvi mv _ mv _ R v š vwdj I weuv K v ivwu bi AwaK Dcw wzi Kvi Y A bk Mv Qi cvzvq jvj i Oi A v š vmvqwbb ˆZwi niqv ïi K i R v š vwd ji AwaK Dcw wz Z cvzvi io nq njy` Avevi weuv K v ivwu bi AwaK Dcw wz cvzvi io K K i Kgjv ms c ej Z M j dj ev AU g Mv Qi cvzvi i O wecyj cwiez bi KviY GUvBÕ 74 GB cvwðz AR b K iwq, gvnveyeyj nvmvb bxi i Ô g cj mš ` h AvZ vûwzõ MÖš _ K gvmy` Lvb Drmv ni mv _ ej Z _v Kb- dj-gi ci DB Uvi MvQcvjvq cvzv bvb, cj-e bvb b vov gv_vi MvQ jv `uvwo q Av Q hb GK-GKUv wr `v jvk cvwl, nuvm, KvVweovwj me DavI Avi Avw`Mš Zylv ii gi f~wg DB Uv ii ci Avevi w úös Avmvi mv _ mv _ `L eb Pviw` K Kgb dz U DV Q me m RbPvÂj kx Zi cönv i bv½v n q hviqv MvQcvjv jv ZLb `ª Z g j ai Z _vk e Zv `i cvzv I cz½ AbyK~j AvenvIqv _ K h hfv e hzuv cv i cvj-v w` q MÖdZvi K i wb Z _vk e DËvc I Av jvk `L eb MvQcvjv jvi MÖwš _ K, KvUi _ K bzyb bzyb cvzv-cj- ei g ZvB hb dz U DV Q io ei Oi cvwl, Rvjvwj-KeyZi, cz½ I KvVweovwj dz U DV Q cvwli wkm, cz ½i Äb, KvVweovwji PÂjZv Gw` K Rvjvwj KeyZ ii g Zv GK Rvov KeyZi gvwu _ K Avavi LyuU Q GKUz ci cvqivuv clg dzwj q ivkby¾vgvb Lv bi Qovq my i evkzg evkzg K i mvz cvk Nyi jv Avgvi GKwU cwi ekwelqk KweZvi eb ÔGKx KvÐ! cvzv bbõ ewi qwqj 1995 mv j, wekvkv cökvkbx _ K Avwg wkqyw`b ZrKvjxb eb I cwi ekgš x mv R`v PŠayixi cö UvK ji `vwq Z Kg iz wqjvg ZLb D³ gš Yvj qi mwpe Avneve Avng` Avgv K `L jb GKx KvÐ cvzv bb MÖ š i KweZv cvv Ki Zb nvvr g b n jv, Avneve Avng` Avgv K cwi ekwelqk KweZv kvbv Qb Avevi g b n Q- gvb Kj R vkmb e wb q Zvi mb Mvb Mv Qb ZLb Avgvi Kv Q Avneve-gvB Kj-gvmy` GKvKvi n q hvq AuvKveuvKv, DuPzwbPz c _i `yõav i Kv_vI Nb R½j, Kv_vI nvjkv gv S gv S mi c_ jv wg k M Q Av iv fz i ev ewi q M Q evb i, kn i Kv_vI Kv_vI Mv Q Szjv bv mvbb evw, Zv Z bvbvb Z_ gvmy` Lvb nuvu Z nuvu Z nvvr GK RvqMvq QvU Wvevi cv k `uvwo q c o co Z _v Kb mvbb ev W i fvlv- THE OMPORTANCE OF WETLAND Zv Z jlv: Weltands benefit the environement for beyond their boundaries and perform numerous vital ecological roles. Acorss southern Ontario Those important areas have been signifficantly reduced and continue to be threatened by urban sprawl. More then 90 percent of Toronto s original wetlands have been drained and developed, initially for agriculture, then for industrial and residential uses. The costs of these losses have been significant. Sill-secale restoration projects like one can help demonsttrate wetland habitats enormous value. Wetlands help control flooding by storing large amounts of water. 75

39 While rivers carrt water away relatively quickly, wetlands hold it for a mach longer period, making it availabe locally for the use of flora and fauna. Wetlands are natural filters, helping of improve water quality. The also have the potential to remove and stor greenhouse gesses from the Earths atmospere. Wetlands are among some of the most productive ecosystems in the world, and provide habitat for an immense variety plant and animal species, including one third of Canada s species at risk. (Toronto, Parks, Foresty & Recreation) Dwj-wLZ jlv ïay cwi ekwe` `i Kv QB bq, mevi Rb B i Z c~y gv S gv SB cv K i g vc cv_ ii Muv_v g v c Avcwb Kvb RvqMvq Av Qb, Kvbw` K Kx c_, Kv_vq Iqvki g, Kv_vq cvwk s-g ikg wb ` kbv `qv Avgvi wb ` kbvi `ikvi bb KviY, gvmy` LvbB Avgvi ch Ub MvBW R½ ji fz i MvQ g i M Q, Wvj f O M Q wkš Kv bv KvVzwiqv bb, eb`my I bv Ggb wk cvzv Kzovwb wk kvixi bb fvov Wvj, Siv cvzv, f Ocov `y-gkuv Mv Qi uwo me hb gv qi Kv j gvwu Z c o Nywg q Av Q KuvUvdvov- PivB qi Kv bv Kó bb Gfv eb GKw`b wg k hv e gvwui mv _ DuwK `qv bmi Avi bvmwik `i Gwo q Avgvi nuvu Z _vwk ev w` K UBji wµk cvk GKUz DuPz Z Pviw` K R½ j Niv Mv Qi uwo weqv bv wmuwo cwi q DV Z nq Dc i GKUv meyr glg ji gvv mvgv i GLv b cöwz kwb- iveevi eb fvr b g Z D V Awfevmxiv GjvKvUv we kl K i ÔevOvwjcvovÕ niqvq cöevmx `i e nëi ˆggbwms mwgwz, PvUMuv mwgwz, biwms`x mwgwz, ewikvj mwgwzi wckwb K RgRgvU _v K Avi QvULv Uv eviwewkd cvwu Zv Av QB Gw` K we Kj Mwo q mü v bvg Q Avgiv b g hvw Q Xvjyi w` K ws ji g Zv RvqMvi cv k bvbv fv h `L Z `L Z Avgiv nuvuwq nuvuvi c _i cvkvcvwk Pj Q giv-g `y avbwmuwo b`xi g Zv GKUv bvjv bvjvi wb P Dc i wgdwbwmc v ji c vivjvj Rjwmuwo Dci _ K bm ii wb vwkz Rj nvi fzi _ K Mwo q co Q wbqwš Z wksev Awbqwš Z Wª b `~i _ K g b n e QvÆ RjcÖcv Zi Sibvaviv KjKj, QjQj Kiv kã wkš mb R j gj bb, gqjv bb, bvsiv bb Kx ^ Q, cwi vi Ui Uv kn i Mvwo W«vBf Kivi grvuvb Avjv`v AuvKveuvKv, XD qi g Zv DuPywbPy, mgz j Ui Uvi cy iv kniuvb cwikwízfv e ˆZwi GLv b bmiwe`iv cvnvwo cwi ekuv K PgrKvi Kvi Kv R Kv R jvwm q Qb jk, bvjv, R½j, wujv, mgzj meb my `ifv e mshy³ n q Q M o DVv wbwg Z bm ii m ½ d j cövk wzk mš ` h ewa Z n q Q c w_exi Ab Zg miv kni Ui Uv kxl Avi 76 k~ b i Zdvr mv _ e _vb gjv Z _vwk XvKv K! M. XvKv Z_v evsjv ` ki K_v Avgiv fyj Z cvwi bv ZvB, bvqmövq hviqvi bqbvwfivg c_wu Avgv `i el vkv ji K jc-vwez ` k i K_v g b Kwi q `q R ji cvk w` q K j Nu l Nu l AuvKveuvKv c_ P j M Q eû`~i nvz evov jb hb Rj Quvqvq wf R hv e AvOy ji WMv GK RvqMvq nwem Äi g Zv c _i cv k cv_i weqv bv R ji Ljv `~ i kªxg½ ji Pv evmv bi g Zv meyr evmvb c _i av i K ev Kviv Uwe j LuvPv fwz wd«av cj i L M Q hvi h Zv B Q wb Z cv iv GKevi vi fv iv Qvwo q Ui Uvi c~e cöv š Lvgvi Nyi Z hvb `yb Wjv ii wu KU K U B Qg Zv UKU K ewi LvB e vm f i Zy j wb q Avwm bvbvb mewr Avgv `i cvovi wum W ji cöqvi cv K i cv k Z evwb q ÔSzKzwbÕi cvkvcvwk A b KB Pvl K ib jvd, e b, U g Uv, jvjkvk, cyubkvk, mewr Kv_vI Kv_vI c _i av i Ae njvq e o D V evsjv `wk ˆeZ v kvk Z e Zv evsjv ` ki g Zv QvU bv; KvbvWvi g ZvB AvKv i eo eo A b KB GB ˆeZ v kvk Zy j bb ^v` A bkuv GKB ikg Ui Uvi jmwj iv Wi `wlb cöv š i kl gv_vq 5-6 gvbj nuvuvi c_ j Ki fzi P j hviqv mb Ac~e c _i cöv š fvmgvb Syjš mzy mzy cwi q M jb ÔUwg _gmb cvk Õ hvi fz i w`bvrcy ii ivg mvm ii w`wni g Zv wekvj cykzi mb w`wni AvKv k dz U _v K Puv` dzudz U RvQbv Qwo q c o iƒcvwj R j, hb cix `i mv _ Kwj L j nygvq~b fvb qi cyî wblv `i K É KÉ wgwj q ej Z PvB- euvk evmv bi gv_vi Dci _ K evsjv ` ki Puv`Uv GLv b P j G m Q KvbvWvi fzi jûb Av Q, wmwwb Av Q, c vwim Av Q, IqvwksUb Av Q, w`wj- Av Q, Pvqbv UvDbI Av Q Z e XvKv bb bvw `bv Av Q bvw `bv bv gi GKwU gvq Av Q, ï bwq Avi bvw `bv gnvivbx ngš Kzgvix cvbju D P we` vj qi QvÎ Avwg ZvB Ôbvw `bvõ gv bi gvqwu Lyu RwQ cvbwb! kwn`yj Bmjvg wg Uy grv K i e jb, Zvi bvgvbymv i A UvwiI Z i q Q QvÆ GKwU wg Uz wmwu nq Zv D PviYUv GKUz wfbœ hgb Avgiv ewj ÔUi UvÕ ev ÔA UvqvÕ; Avgvi QvU g q D PviY K i ÔUiI bvõ Avi ÔA WvqvÕ LuvwU KvbvwWqvbiv Gfv eb e j ÔUi UvÕi I q A iä wf j Kv bv Kgjv jeyi evmvb bb, Z e wujvq g b c o MvRxcy ii kvjeb GLv b GKwU RvqMvi gvb- Amaranth. Avgv `i fv Avwmd PŠayix e j- Agi bv_ 77

40 Avgvi Av ik cöwz ekx, MdiMuvI qi cvjv Agi bv_ gv b RvwKi nv mb Zvi mv _ Nyi Z Nyi Z Avgiv d j Avmv evsjv ` ki wgj LyuwR we ` k ^ ` ki ^v` I ^cœ LyuwR LyuR Z LyuR Z Ui Uvi B j iý iv Wi kl cöv š Ôi kõ cv K c q hvb- GKwU wej we ji Icv i el vkv ji ewikvj RjNv U b g Avmv kvb euvav bv wmuwo Kv_vI by q cov Mv Qi Wvj g `y evzv mi `vjvq Qyu q hv Q- ws ji Rj DË ii w` K g b n Q- euv ki LyuwU w` q Luvov Kiv UvwÆLvbv Avm j Zv bq nq Zv Mvwoi M v ir ev Ab wkqy m ú~y gwzåg Icv ii ` k vewj ` L g b c o ˆmq` Avjx Avnmv bi KweZv- ÔAvgvi c~e -evsjv GK Q wmœ»/aükv ii Zgvj/A bk cvzvi NwbôZvq/GKwU cömvp wbkzä/mü vi D b li g Zv/m ive i AZ ji g Zv/Kv jv- Kk g Ni mâ qi g Zv/wegy» e`bvi kvwš /... ü`q Qyu q-hviqv/wm³ bxjv ^ix/wbkz Äi Zgvj KbK-jZvq Niv/Keix G jv K i AvKvk `Lvi/gyn~Z /A kl Abyfe wb q/cyjwkz/m QjZv/GKmgq m~h K X K A bk g Ni cvjk/ni Avi we `k AvwObv/AvKzjZvq GKvKvi/wZbwU dzj Avi A bk cvzv wb q/k` ^ Zi i GKwU kvlv gvwu/qyu q Q..Õ cy iv cövk wzk cwi ekuv hb Rxebbv ` `v ki iƒcmx evsjvi Abyev` cvb KŠwo wksev gvqivov bb wkš ws j kvcjv dzj, evwj nuv mi e` j KvbvwWqvb R, wmmv ji SuvK, wkbv i ïk bv Q bi giv Nvm, cv o m l i dz ji g ZvB QvÆ njy` wcög ivr dzj, wqc d j we `wk hyek gvq ai Q, bvw `bv gvq? KD KD KL bv KL bv k Li cvj Zvjv wwwo bš Kv wb q jk _ K P j Av m we ji fzi g b g b cvv Kwi gaym~` bi K cvzv t mzz, n b` Zywg co gvi g b mzz Zvgvi K_v fvwe G wei j mzz hgwb jvk wbkvi ^c b kv b gvqv hš aÿwb Ze KjK j RyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwš i Qj b eû `k `wlqvwq eû b` ` j wkš G mœ ni Z òv g U Kvi R j `y» mªvziƒcx Zywg gvz f~wg b... bvg Zvi G cöev m gwr cögfv e jb Q h bvg Ze e ½i m½x Z Gcv ii mikvwi NvU NvU _ K R ji Dci Qov bv w gv ii g Zv wmö j Niv c-vudig wb P R ji Ljv wejwu QvU GKUv bvjv n q hy³ n q Q A UvwiI j Ki mv _ Dc i cvnv o DVvi Rb cu vpv bv weªr weªrwu D V M Q Dc ii 78 P ovq cvnv oi fzi _ K ewi q Avm Q meyr Mv- Uªb weªr cwi q PÆMÖvgxq cvnvwo wmuwo f O Dc i DV j GKw` K wbr b evwoni, Aci w` K Rjv kn ii wwwmi evmfe bi g Zv KuvUvZv i NivI Lvjv RvqMv fz i e vwwg Ub Ljvi Rvj Rv ji Dci e m Av Q `wk `v q ji g Zv we `wk cvwl welyœ we K j cvwlwui gb Lvivc! GKUz Avov j Mv- U«bi wmmb vjwenxb gd ^jxq ijµwms GKUz `~ i MvQMvQvwj Z Niv MÖv gi g Zv Nievwo ZvjMv Qi g Zv GKv `uvwo q Av Q bvg bv Rvbv GKwU e Zvi wb P LyuwU Z euvav Kv bv Mi bb `wlb w` K K qkwu eâ cvzv cvnv oi wb P `wl b cövq mgy`ª mgy`ª gv b wekvj A UvwiI jk, hvi ˆ`N cövq Pvi kz wk jvwguvi Lvjv gv Vi KweZv cvv ev Lvwj Mjvi Mv bi Av g R û û K i f m Av m mvgyw`ªk evzvm A`~ i _vw we Pi evjy Z bmœ n q ï q Av Q KD KD g b c o K evrv ii K_v ZLb evsjv ` ki Rb gbuv Av iv û û K i D V gb Lvivc Kiv gyn Z Agi bv_ Ii d RvwKi nv mb Av iv `~ i AvOyj w` q `Lvb- H h `Lyb, ev Minv Ui lvu M ^y Ri gmwr` mwz Zv, m ikgb Rvwb, muv lvu M ^y Ri gmwr` bq nqz Kv bv Qq M ^y Ri wbdwk qvi cviqvi c q U, bq Zv cvwb kvabvmvi wkš Avgv `i Kv Q g b nq- lvu M ^y Ri gmwr` c K Ui gvwbe vs Ki fuvr _ K hzœ K i ivlv `k UvKvi bvu ei K i `L Z `L Z e j DwV- ZvB Zv! Kíbvi KzqvKvUvi R j m~h Wy e mü v Nwb q G jv Avgiv Nv ii fzi _ K ewi q Avwm mlvb _ K RvwKi bv_ wb q hvb evp gvd U iv Wi IqvUvi cv K cv K i cv k GKwU AvwU wdwmqvj Sibvaviv Si Q hlv b Sibvi dvqviv Qwo q co Q, mb dvqvivi cv ki `qv j meyr cök wzi fzi m~ h i gy ivj vcb Ki Z wm q wkíx Zvi wb Ri ARv š B Gu K i L Qb- evsjv ` ki czvkv Pg K DwV Avev iv e j DwV- ZvB Zv gwikv m GKwU cvwli bvg ÔevOvwjÕ Avi Rjvf~wgi bvg Ôevsjv `kõ gw U«qj _ K cökvwkz mvßvwnk cöevm evsjvi m Þ ^i 01, 1995 msl vq irvdj Kwig ZvjyK`vi Rvwb q Qb h, evovwj `i g Zv Mvb Mvq e j cvwli bvg evovwj Avi cvnv oi Icv ii wbpz RvqMvUvq cöwz eqi eb v nq e jb GjvKvevmx bvg w` q Q- evsjv `k KvbvWvq evsjv `k bv _vk ji evsjv ` ki czvkv Do Q A UvwiIi mv`evwiõi gvwëkvjpvivj weª R Avi Gw` K dj FZy Z `~i _ K AwMœKuvKb gcjwjc ` L g b c o dv bi jvj UzKUz K K òp~ovi K_v Gfv eb evsjv `k LyuR Z LyuR Z Agi evey AgiZ Lyu R eovb wb q hvb vi evk m Kwdi Rb Kwdi mv _ `yb ai bi K Ki AW vi `b e jb- `yjvj `v, L q `Lyb Zv ji wcvv, Kjvi wcvv L Z L Z Avwg Gev iv e j DwV- ZvB Zv! 79

41 KvbvWv Kx Lywb `i Kvwkgcyi? gnvb gyw³hy i ci AwR Z ^vaxbzvi gvî mv o wzb eq ii g a RvwZi RbK e½eüz kl gywreyi ingvb K wbg gfv e mcwiev i nz v Kiv nq 34 eqi ci G nz vkv Ði wepvi n jv 19 b f ^i 2009-G Lye ax i ax i `xn ev iv eq i wbgœ Av`vjZ _ K ïi K i AvB bi cöwzwu avc AwZµg K i m e v P Av`vj Zi gva g ^ NvwlZ Lywb `i g Zz ` Ði ivq `qv nq g Zz `ÐcÖvß 12 Avmvwgi g a Kvive `x cuvp Avmvwg K MZ 28 Rvbyqvwi 2010-G w`evmz iv Z duvwm `qv nq Zviv n jb: ˆmq` dvi K ingvb, myjzvb kvnvwiqvi iwk` Lvb, gywndwïb Avn g`, erjyj û`v I G KGg gwndwïb Avn g` GB wepv ii ivq AvswkK Kvh K ii gva g `k I RvwZ `vq gy³ n jv g Zz `ÐcÖvß Ab Qq Avmvwg cjvzk Zviv n jvñ L `Kvi Ave`yi iwk`, kwidzj nk Wvwjg, GGg iv k` PŠayix, GmGBPGgwe b~i PŠayix, Ave`yj gv R` I gvm jg DwÏb Zv `i mn hvmx `i duvwm niqvi cwi cöw Z cjvzk Lywbiv GLb D`MÖxe I Aw i n q DV Qb `ª Z cvëv Q Zv `i Ae vb D j-l, evwk GKRb AvwRR cvkv gviv M Q wr ^vey q Zviv mevb mv ek mbv Kg KZ v 1976 mv ji 8 Ry b cökvwkz GK mikvwi M R Ui cwi cöw Z Zviv wewfbœ `~Zvev m wb qvm c qwqj KvbvWvq Lywb `i K_v RvwZi RbK e½eüz nz vi wepv ii iv qi gva g RvwZ `vqgy³ n jv BwZnv mi Kjw¼Z G nz vkv Ði cjvzk Lywbiv K Kv_vq Zvi mywbw` ó Z_ Rvbv hvqwb wewfbœ MYgva g wewfbœ ` ki K_v D j-l K i Q Ges Lywbiv Lye mzk Zvi m ½ GK `k _ K Ab ` k cvwj q eov Q Avi mb Av jvwpz `k jv n Q- cvwk vb, fviz, wjweqv, _vbj vû, nsks, wm½vcyi, `w Y Avwd«Kv, hy³ivr, hy³ivó«i KvbvWv Zv `i bv g i q Q Avš R vwzk iwgjvu iw bvwu mi b ^i n jvñ GmGBPGgwe b~i PŠayix> G-1836/1-2006, Gg iv k` PŠayix> b ^i G-2619/8-2009, Lvb gvmj ndwïb> G- 2620/8-2009, Avãyi iwk` L `Kvi>G-1181/6-2009, kwidzj nk e½eüzi Lywb K KvbvWv _ K ewn v ii `vwe Z A Uvqv cvj v g U fe bi mvg b cöevmx evovwj `i cöwzev` mgv ek Wvwjg> G-2619/8-2009, Ges Avãyj gv R`> G-1837/ D j-l, 2007-G KvbvWv evsjv `k `~Zvevm b~i PŠayix K cvm cvu Bmy K iwqj mb mgq ivó«`~z wq jb L `Kvi gvkzv Ki wøzxq xi Av Mi N ii cyî iwdkzj Bmjvg Kv RB Zv `i hvmm~î mij A ¼i g Zv wg j hvq Aciw` K hy³iv ó«ae vbiz Av ik Lywb AvwU jvwi G KGg gwndwïbi KvbvWvq XvKvi cövycy Póv K i kl ch š e _ nq GRb KvbvWv cöevmx evovwj `i wkqyuv f~wgkv Av Q gwndwï bi cwievi hlb A Uvqvq cöm Kbdv iý K i Q, ZLb wewfbœ ivr bwzk I mvs wzk msmvb, ckvrxexiv bvbvfv e cöwzev` K i Q, cöpð VvÐvq iv vq b g Q ZLb Avwg mvßvwnk evsjv wi cvu v ii cöavb m úv`k wn m e Ges mvßvwnk evsjv KvM R GgAvi Rvnv½x ii GK wjwlz cöwzev` nv Z nv Z Zy j `B wjev ij cvwu i cöavb ee w db K KviY Zv `i ` ji GK bzv whwb cj gvwu b mikv ii AvBbgš x wq jb, wzwb wq jb gwndwï bi AvBbRxex `yõw`b c i B- gb j ee w db Rvbvb, KvbvWvi Kv bv AvBbRxexB GB gvgjv cwipvjbv Ki e bv c i Zv K hy³ivó«wcyu K i evsjv ` k diz cvvvq 2007-Gi 18 Ry b Gw` K nvb KvU _ K Ly bi Awf hv M Ae vnwzcövß 3 mvgwik Kg KZ v 80 81

42 h_vµ g gri (Ae.) Avn g` kivdzj nv mb, K v Þb (Ae.) wkmgz nv kg Ges K v Þb (Ae.) bvrgyj nv mb Avbmvix KvbvWvq Av Q k lv³ `yõrb gw U«qj I A Uvqvq emevm K i kvbv M Q, kwidzj bvgavg cwiez b K i Ab cö ` k jvkp yi Avov j emevm Ki Q Aek wkmgz AvbmviI Rbmg ÿ Av m bv nvb Kv U Zviv Ae vnwz c ji B Uvi cv j Zv `i bv g iwgjvw R j Q G `i g a bvrgyj Avbmvix e½eüz nz vkv Ði ci KvbvWvq Z Zxq mwpe wn m e A Uvqv `~Zvev m hvm w` q Qb *1 D j-l, KvbvWv KL bvb Lywb `i Avkªq-cÖkªq `q bv 2009-Gi b f ^ i BDbmi _ K R vkm gy½iqvwi bvgk 37 eq ii GK i qvûvi bvmwik K MÖdZvi K i Q µvbgm G MBb wndg vwbwu A vû Iqvi µvbgm A v± cöyq bi ci wøzxq e w³ wn m e R vkm K MÖdZvi K i wigv Û bqv nq R vkm Ms 1994 mv j wkevbwq m úö`v qi nvrvi`y qk G_wbK ZyZwm K nz v K i hviv kiyv_ x n q wmr vq Avkªq wb qwqj mb Lywb `i KvbvWv mikvi Lyu R ei Ki Q Avkv Kwi, e½eüz nz vi Lywb `i ÎI GKB c` c b e ivr bwzk we k-lk g b K ib, DËi Av gwikv _ K `ª Z Lywb `i wdwi q bqv `ikvi KviY, Qwo q _vkv Qq Lywbi g a hvmv hvm i q Q Zviv ` k we ` k bvbvgylx ZrciZvq wjß e½eüzi `yb bvwz-bvzwb h_vµ g Rq I cyzyj DËi Av gwikvq emevm K ib, mrb welqwu LyeB i Z c~y Wvwjg Kvb ` ki bvmwik? cjvzk Lywb kwidzj nk Wvwjg AvZ Mvcb K i _vk ji m wewfbœ ` k hvzvqvz Ki Q wewfbœ wgwwqvq cökvk- Wvwj gi hvzvqv Zi m ve RvqMv jv n jv KvbvWv, hy³ivr, cvwk vb, nsks, wm½vcyi Ges ga cövp evsjv ` ki ev Gwkqvb Kv bv ` ki cvm cvu wb q hlb-zlb hîzî AvmvhvIqv Kiv LyeB KwVb KviY, wfmv msµvš RwUjZv i q Q mb RwUjZvi gy LvgywL n Z nq bv Wvwjg K ZvB h ` ki cvm cv U Kv bv wfmvi cö qvrb bb, mb ai bi GKwU i Z c~y cvm cvu m enb Ki Q GLb cökœ n Q, Wvwj gi nv Z Kvb ` ki cvm cvu? m Kvb ` ki bvmwikz wb q Q! ch v jvpbv Ki j `Lv hv e, Kwbqv, wjweqvq Wvwj gi wei gvgjvmn wewfbœ ai bi Awf hvm Av Q KviY, m KL bvb Kv_vI K~U bwzk AvPiY K iwb Õ75-Gi ci Pxb Ges cvj vû Zv K K~U bwzk wn m e MÖnY bv K i cöz vl vb K i Q ZLb û mbb gyn ` Gikv` jû b wm q Zvi m ½ we kl ˆeVK K i Kwbqvq wb qvm `q Gi Av M wqj nsks q fvicövß wgkb-cöavb AwfÁgnj g b Ki Qb, Wvwj gi cvm cvu wu m ez hy³iv R i hw` ZvB nq, Zvn j hy³ivr ^vaxbzv hy _ K ïi K i A` vewa evsjv ` ki mzx_ NwbôeÜz bvbv Kvi YB hy³iv R i Kv Q Avgv `i cöz vkv A bk ewk mrb welqwu Z`š c~e K c` c bqvi Av e`b Rvbv bv h Z cv i Ab h Kv bv ` ki ÎI GKB K_v cö hvr KD KD g b K ib Wvwj gi cvm cvu wu gvwk b hy³ivó«a_ev BD iv ci Kvb ` ki n Z cv i n Z cv i RvwZmsN wgk bi Uª vej WKy g Um Ui Uv AbjvBb mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm GK AbymÜvbx wi cv U Rvbvq, cvm cvu wb q Wvwjg 2009-Gi 2 b f ^i `yb mßv ni Rb G mwqj KvbvWvq ivravbx A Uvqvi 33 wb Kvjvm w «Ui b fv Uj nv U ji 334 b ^i i g wqj GKUvbv 8 w`b mlv b e mb GKRb evovwj Bwg MÖkb KbmvjU v Ui m ½ `yõ`dv ˆeVK K i aviyv Kiv n Q, Bwg MÖkbwelqK Av jvpbv nq Zv `i g a nv Uj i g e mb cöpzi dvbkj K i Wvwjg, hvi ewki fvmb cvwk vb, nsks Ges wjweqvq G wel q we vwiz Rvb Z PvB j b fv Uj nv U ji i g wwwfkb g v brvi G j wmö Kv i y e jb, Kv gv ii Kv bv Z_ Avgiv _vw cvwu i Kv Q mieivn Ki Z cvwi bv ZvB we vwiz wkqy Rvbv Z cviwq bv m~î g Z, 13 b f ^i mkvj 10Uvq b fv Uj _ K PKAvDU nq Wvwjg GKBw`b iv ZB Av m Ui Uv mb iv Z gvl v gi GK AvZ x qi evmvq ivz KvUvq c ii w`b 14 b f ^i ivz 12Uv 10 wgwb U K v _ c vwmwdk GqvijvB Ýi wmgg -27 b ^i d vb U nsks qi D Ï k Ui Uv Z vm K i evsjv `k mikvi B Qv Ki j IB GqvijvB Ýi mv _ hvmv hvm K i Wvwj gi bvmwikz wbwðz Ki Z cv i b~i K wb q a~gªrvj j. K b j b~i PŠayix K wb q bvbv ai bi wezwk Z e³e, wfbœgz, Re ˆZwi n Q b~i PŠayix K hb KvbvWv _ K ww cvu Kiv bv nq mrb GKwU gnj wewfbœ ik gi Ac Póvq Lywb b~i PŠayix jû b bkj b~i PŠayix Zrci Zviv weåvwš g~jk Lei Qwo q a~gªrvj m wó Ki Q hb b~i PŠayix bzzb KŠkj Aej ^b Ki Z cv i Gw` K jûb GKwU msev` ms v e j Q, m ÔGLjvmyi ingvbõ bvg aviy K i eqi a i c~e jû bi WKj v Ûi 82 83

43 duvwmk Z cuvp Lywb I q dwi Z fvwzwri m ½ emevm Ki Q, weªk j b ÔnvwRÕ wn m e Rygvi bvgvr c o Q, vbxq gv V mvgwik Kvq`vq e vqvg K i Q, Kvc oi `vkv b Kg iz wqj BZ vw` Zv Z g b nq b~i PŠayix hy³iv R Avevi hy³iv ó«i b~i PŠayix _vk Z cv i e j XvKvi GKwU ˆ`wb K Lei Qvcv n q Q B Uvi cv ji IqvwksUb kvlv b~i PŠayixi AbymÜv b XvKvq Z_ P q Q Zv Z bvwk ÔXvKvi Kg KZ võ g b Ki Qb, b~i PŠayix gvwk b hy³iv ó«g Qvov b~i wjweqv ZI _vk Z cv i e j D³ msev`ms vi wi cv U D j-l Av Q Gw` K KvbvWv mdi k l AvBbgš x e vwi vi kwdk Avn g`, b~i PŠayixi cvm cvu evwzj I Rã Kiv n q Q Gi mz Zv wb qi cökœ Zy j Q Kv bv Kv bv gnj A_P nvbkwgkbvi BqvKze Avjx cvëv cökœ K ib, kzkiv KZ fvm wbðqzv w` j Avcbviv wek vm Ki eb h, b~i PŠayixi cvm cvu wu GLb `~Zvev mi Kv Q? w db nvicvi weeªz A Uvqv wmwu Rb Av iv Rvbvq, b~i PŠayix K KvbvWv _ K ewn vi Ges evsjv ` k cöz vez bi `vwe KvbvWvi ez gvb cöavbgš x w db nvicv ii Rb weeªzki Ae vi m wó K i Q KvbvWvq Rš MÖnYKvix Lywb ivbvì w _ K hy³iv ó«i Kv Q n vš i Kiv wb q G ai bi GKwU gvgjvq KvbvWv mikvi G eqi (2009) civwrz n qwqj G mßv n wmwu Rbwkc I Bwg MÖkb wefv Mi GK gylcvî Rvbvb, duvwmi ivq niqvi m vebv Av Q Ggb e w³ K n vš i Kivi Av M KvbvWv mikvi IB ` ki Kv Q wbðqzv PvB e h `vlx mve n ji n vš wiz e w³i wei duvwmi ivq `qv n e bv ev Kvh Ki Kiv n e bv KvbvWvi A Uvqv wmwu Rb-G Ôevsjv `k cökvim KvbvWv Uy wiwjr G jrw wkjviõ wk ivbv g GKwU cöwz e`b cökvwkz nq Zv Z KvbvwWqvb mvsevw`k hvwû e vri qj I RR e vwiiv Rvbvb h, 1996 mv j b~i PŠayix KvbvWvq Av mb 1996 mv j 5 RyjvB wzwb ÔwfwRUiÕ vuvm cvb Z e Aí 84 K qkw` bi g a B wzwb ÔkiYv_ xõ vuv mi Rb Av e`b K ib IB eqib kl nvwmbv evsjv ` k cöavbgš x wbe vwpz nb Ges Lywb `i ` k wdwi q Avbvi A½xKvi K ib b~i PŠayixi ÔkiYv_ xõ vuv mi Rb Av e` bi cö_g ïbvwb nq 1999 mv j 2002 mv ji cö_g w` K Zvi Av e`b bvkp nq Gici 2004, 2005 Ges 2006 mv ji Zvi Av e`b bvkp nq wewfbœ m~î _ K Rvbv hvq, b~i PŠayix Ges Zvi x ivwk`v Lvbg ez gv b e nëi Ui Uv ZB mzk Zvi m ½ Ae vb Ki Q b~i K wdwi q wb Z gš xiv Zrci KvbvWvq Ae vbiz b~i PŠayix K wdwi q bqvi Rb AvBbgš x e vwi vi kwdk Avng` 2009-Gi 18 b f ^i msw ß md i KvbvWv Av mb mdikv j wzwb K `ªxq mikv ii m ½ mv vr K ib, `Lv K ib KvbvWvi GUwb Rbv ij Ges AvBb I wepvigš x ie wbkjm bi m ½ Zvi G mdi Lywb `i wdwi q bqvi cöwµqvi cö_g avc `yõw` bi GB mdikv j wzwb ` ji Kv bv bzvkg xi m ½ mv vr K ibwb MZ Ryb 8, 2010-G gw U«q j KvbvWvi ciivó«gš x j iý Kwb e jb, AvBwb cöwµqvi ci b~i PŠayix K diz cvvv bv n e D j-l, KvbvWv AvIqvgx jx Mi mfvcwz mviiqvi nv mb G mgq ciivó«gš xi nv Z Lywb b~i PŠayixi gvgjvi ivq I bw_cî n vš i K ib 11 Ryb AvBbgš x wg vi ie GKB K_v e jb Gw` K 13 deªæqvwi KvbvWvq md i Av mb ciivó«gš x `xcy gwb wzwbi b~i PŠayix K wdwi q bqvi e vcv i D Pch v q ˆeVK K ib Awfhy³ ivó«`~z ˆ`wbK hymvš ii mvsevw`k njvj DwÏb KvbvWv mdi k l XvKvq wm q A ±vei 31, 2010-G wi cvu Ki jb, Awf hv M cviqv M Q, b~ ii welqwu wb úwë Z KvbvWvi nvbkwgk bi f~wgkvi A ^ Q I A úó g~jz nvbkwgkbv ii MvwdjwZi Kvi YB b~ ii ` k divi welq `xn mg qi AMÖMwZ nqwb Zvi wezwk Z f~wgkvi Kvi Y b~ ii wel q evsjv `wk `i wb q RbgZ m wói Kv bv D ` vm bqv hv Q bv Ui Uv mvßvwnk AvRKvj m úv`kxq Z GKB vf cökvk K i wj L Q, we ` k cvwj q eov Q Zv `i h Kv bv g~ j ` k diz cvvv bvi AZxe Ri wi Lywb b~i PŠayix cvwj q Av Qb GB Ui Uv kn ib Avi G `i g`` 85

44 RvMv Q GK kªyxi evovwj hviv wqj ^vaxbzvi wec kw³ *2 wek m~ Î Rvbv M Q, Zviv Mvc b KvbvWv mikv ii Ici cöfve we vi Kivi Póv Ki Q hv Z b~i PŠayix K Kv bvfv eb ` k diz cvvv bv bv nq cöwznz Ki Z n e GB Ackw³ K Gi `vq`vwqz GLvbKvi evsjv `k nvbkwgk bi wkš h Kv bv Kvi Y Zviv G e vcv i wbw Œq f~wgkv ivl Qb e j Rvbv M Q iv k` PŠayix KvbvWv cö e ki Póvq! e½eüz nz vgvgjvi cuvp Avmvwgi g Zz `Ð Kvh K ii ci Ab cjvzk Avmvwgiv DrKÉvq `ª Z vb e`j Ki Qb ciivó«gš Yvj qi GKwU m~î Rvwb q Q, hy³iv ó«ae vbiz g Zz `ÐcÖvß Av ik PŠayix A_ vr iv k` PŠayix AvZ i vq KvbvWvq cö e ki Póv Ki Qb m Rb KvbvWvq Zvi AvZ xq- ^R bi m ½ hvmv hvm Ki Qb e j GKvwaK m~î Rvwb q Q G Qvov KvbvWvq Ae vbiz Av ik Avmvwg b~i PŠayixi m ½I Zvi hvmv hvm i q Q e j aviyv Kiv n Q b~i PŠayix K ` k diz cvvv bvi wel q AvBwb cöwµqvq wkqyuv RwUjZv i q Q e j iv k` PŠayix cy iv welqwu ch e Y Ki Qb D j-l, B Uvi cvj iwgjv U i gva g Zvi Ae vb wbwðz K i Q evsjv `k hy³iv ó«i nvgj vû mvwf m K Aby iva Rvwb q evz v cvwv q Q Aciw` K m úööwz duvwm Kvh Ki niqv gwndwïbi hy³ivó«_ K KvbvWvq XyK Z e _ n qwq jb Zv K 2007 mv j evsjv ` k diz cvvv bv nq Rvbv M Q, iv k` PŠayix IqvwksU b Ae vb Ki ji wzwb nvgj vû wmwkdwiwui bri`vwi Z i q Qb *3 Zv K wdwi q bqvi e vcv i hy³ivó«k wpwv `qv n q Q Ges `yõ ` ki `yb bvix ciivó«gš x IqvwksU b AvbyôvwbK ˆeVKI K i Qb *4 D j-l, duvwmi Avmvwg n ji AvBwb RwUjZvi Kvi Y KvbvWv _ K Lywb `i wdwi q bqvi welqwu mnr bq Ly bi `v q Ae vnwzcövß wkmgz I bvrgy ji AvBbRxex DBwjqvg Kvi eu e jwq jb, KvbvWvi m ½ 42wU ` ki Aciva welqk wewbgq Pyw³ _vk ji evsjv ` ki m ½ bb *5 c~ e B D j-l Kiv n q Q h, KvbvWv Kv bv Lywb ev gvbezvwe ivax Kv bv Kg Kv Ð wjß _vkv A_ev hy vcivax K Avkªq `q bv KD mz Mvcb K i KvbvWvi bvmwikz jvf Ki ji KL bv cök Z mz D NvwUZ n j Zvi bvmwikz K o bqv nq hgb, BD µ bi bvmwik Iqvwmj ev wzb, wøzxq gnvhy wnujv ii bvrwmi mnvqzvkvix bvmwikz cviqvi 50 eqi Zvi bvmwikz K o wb q KvbvWv _ K ei K i `qv nq Abyiƒc Aciv a Ij `v Ri GK bvmwik KI 40 eqi ci bvmwikz evwzj K i KvbvWv _ K ewn vi Kiv nq e½eüz nz vi Lywb `i Ui Uv v i b~i PŠayix K wb q cöwz e`b e½eüzi Lywb b~i PŠayix K wb q KvbvWvi g~javivi wgwwqv Z GLb msev `i So eb Q 16 deª qvwi eyaevi Ui Uvi RbwcÖq ˆ`wbK Ui Uv v ii wjw wbdr wq jvñ KbwfK UW G vmvwmb wjwfs wd«wj Bb B Uvwe Kv Awg `g m iwpz cöwz e`bwu Z ejv nqe½eüzi Lywb b~i PŠayix I Zvi x ivwk`v Lvbg MÖUvi Ui Uvi B Uvwe K emevm Ki Q 1,85,000 Wjvi w` q nsks `~Zvev m Kg iz _vkvkv j b~i PŠayix GKwU AZ vaywbk K ÛvI wk b Qb Zviv MZ g½jevi mswk-ó cöwz e`k B Uvwe Ki GB K Ûv Z wm q b~i PŠayixi mv _ K_v ejvi Póv K ib K qk`dv `irvq bk K i cwipq `evi ci KD `irv Lv jwb GB wi cvu wu Z ejv nq, KejgvÎ g Zz ` Êi ivq nevi Kvi Y KvbvWv mikvi b~i PŠayix K ww cvu Ki Z cvi Q bv (Z_ m~î: WBwj Ui Uv vi, deªæqvwi 16, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv) b~i PŠayix K ` k wdwi q bqvi e vcv i KvbvWv mikvi K Aby iva Rvbv Z ciivóªgš x Wv. `xcy gwy GLb A Uvqvq Ae vb Ki Qb wzwb b~i K Z Zxq Kv bv ` k cvwv q `qvi cö Íve w` q Qbe ÎI KvbvWv GKB bxwz Aej ^b Ki e e j Avgv `i wek vm KvbvWv Kx evsjvi Kvwkgcyi? e½eüz nz vi mvrvcövß Lywb 5 R bi duvwm Kvh K ii ci evwk Qq cjvzk 86 87

45 Avmvwgi g a GKgvÎ b~i PŠayix K wb qb me P q ewk jlv jwl n q Q Ges Av jvwpz n q Q evsjv ` ki mgkvj, Avgv `i mgq, Ui Uvi e½wj UvBgm QvovI K vbvwwqvb cîcwîkvmg~n wewfbœ msev` cwi ekb K i Q, cöwz e`b Zy j a i Q vbxq ivr bwzk `j jv ivravbx A Uvqv cvj v g Ui mvg b Lywb b~i K cöz vnv ii `vwe Z kvwš c~y mgv ek K i Q, cöavbgš x nvicvimn mswk-ó gš x `i vikwjwc w` q Q evsjv ` ki AvBbgš x e vwi vi kwdk Avn g` GKevi Ges ciivó«gš x `xcy gwb `ybevi *6 KvbvWvq mdi K i kxl ch v q wøc xq Av jvpbv K i Qb wjev ij cvwu i KvbvwWqvb Ggwc gvwiqv wgbœv evsjv ` k md i M ji GB welqwu cövavb cvq G w` K KvbvWv cöevmx Kwe-mvwnwZ K-mvsevw`K-eyw Rxex-mvs wzkg xivi wee wz w` Q evsjv `k mikvi diz cvvv bvi Rb KvbvWvi Kv Q Av e`b K i Q Lywbi Ae vb wpwýz K i Zv `i ` k wdwi q Avb Z B Uvi cv ji Acv ikb Bbdv i W Ask wb Q Gme welq jv ch v jvpbvq `Lv hv eñ b~i PŠayixi welqwu AZ š Av jvwpz NUbv Gw` K KvbvWv KZ c Lywb b~i PŠayixi g Zz `Ð bq, Ôhve¾xeb Kviv`ÐÕ A_ vr ivqk Z AvBb cwiez b Ki j wdwi q `qvi djcöm~ c` c n e e j g b K ib *7 KvbvWv g Zz `Ð K cwiz vr K i hve¾xeb K gvbwek we epbvq Acivaxi kvw wn m e MY K i Q wkš h Acivax me gvbevwakvi bxwz j Nb K i wbwe Pv i bvix-wkï nz v K i ` i mv _ Zv ^xkvi K i, Zv Kx gvbevwakvi ÿzyœ bq Zvn j Zv ^we ivwazv n Q Lywb b~i K wdwi q biqvi GKwU AvBwb we k-ly K i Qb W. gvrv j Lvb wzwb WBwj v i Zy j a i Qb KvbvWvi ˆØZbxwZ Ges ^we ivwazv *8 hgb, cö_gzñ BwgMÖ vkb I wiwddwr evw GKUv ^vaxb cökvmwbk U«vBeyb vj Bwg MÖkb Ges widz wr msµvš e vcv i GB evw mvaviyz hyw³wbf i wm vš wb q _v K GB ev W wiwddwr gh v`vi Rb b~i PŠayixi Av e`b ci ci Pvievi cöz vl vz n q Q Gw`K w` q wepvi Ki j Bwg MÖkb I wiwddwr ev W i ewn vi bv Kivi Av `kuv A bkuv ^we ivax, h nzy AvBbMZ ˆeaZv Qvov G ` k Kv ivib evm Kivi AwaKvi bb Dciš Bwg MÖkb I wiwddwr evw Kv bv wepvwik Av`vjZ bq; ZvB Gi `qv Av `k ev ch e Y mikv ii Rb Aek cvjbxq bq Gi h Kv bv wm v š i wei Bwg MÖkbgš x, RbwbivcËvgš x ev Av e`bkvix dwv ij Kv U wepvwik cybtwe epbvi Av e`b Ki Z cvi eb wøzxqz: 2001 mv ji deªæqvwi Z `qv KvbvwWqvb mywcög KvU Av `k (GmwmAvi 283) Kv bv wbtkz Av `k bq; GUv cök Z Ae vi cwi cöw Z 88 we k-ly Ki Z n e G gvgjvi GKw` K wq jb KvbvWvi wepvigš x Ges Ab w` K wq jb evb m Ges iv d, IB `yb e w³ KB w_ª KvD Um Ae GwMÖ f UW dv wwwmö gvw v ii Awf hv M wepvi Kivi Rb IqvwksUb U diz `qvi `vwe Rvbv bv n qwqj wepv i `vlx mve Í n j G `i g Zz `Ð ev c v ivj Qvov hve¾xeb mvrv niqvi m vebv wqj Iiv `ybrbb wqj KvbvWvi bvmwik Ges Zv `i wei iv di wb Ri evev gv Ges evb K Zv `i wbr ^ evwo Z nz v Kivi Awf hvm Avbv n qwqj 1994 mv ji RyjvB gv m hy³ivó«mikvi G `i K IqvwksUb U wdwi q bqvi cöwµqv ïi K i KvbvWvi wepvigš x Awfhy³ `i we kl Ae v Ges µvb gi i Z we epbvq G b cöz vez b AvB bi 25 Aa v q `qv gzve j Av gwikvi mv _ KvbvWvi cöz vez b Pyw³i 6 b ^i aviv, hv Z g Zz `Ð `qv hv e bv wksev `qv n ji muv Kvh Ki Kiv n e bvñ G ai bi Avk v mi K_v ejv n q Q, D c v K i `yb Awfhy³ K hy³ivó«kz c i Kv Q n vš ii Av `k `b wkš AvBwb RwUjZvq b~i PŠayix n vš i Ki Q bv bvmwik `i Î cö hvr, huv Z cwi vifv e ejv n q Q, KvbvWvi cö Z K bvmwi Ki KvbvWv Z cö e ki, Ae v bi Ges Z v Mi AwaKvi i q Q Z ZxqZ: m ez m weavb we epbvq i L 1991 m b mywcög KvU g Zz `Ð gikz di Avk vm QvovB `ybrb bb-kvbvwwqvb, KvBÛjvi Ges Du bvgk `ybrb Awfhy ³i n vš i K ˆea NvlYv K ib *9 m ÿ Î mywcög Kv U i AwfgZ wqj, hw`i KvbvWv wb R g Zz ` Ði weavb iwnz K i Q, wkš Ab me ` ki weavb K KvbvWvi Aek B m vb Kiv DwPZ hw` KvbvWv eüzcöwzg ` ki AvB bi cöwz m vb `Lvb Zvn j KvbvWvi ˆØZbxwZ Ges ^we ivwazvii Aemvb n e GUvB Kvg GKevi bq, `yõevi bq- Pvi Pvi evi Lywb b~i PŠayixi ivr bwzk Avkªq cöz vl vb niqvi ci 2007-G ZrKvjxb nvbkwgkbvi, L `Kvi gvkzv Ki cvwjzcyî iwdkzj Bmjvg Ii d wucy Zv K evsjv `wk cvm cvu w` q Q! GgZve vq cöavbgš x kl nvwmbvi eûevi Lywb `i wel q ` pk É e³e e ³ K i Qb me k l wzwb KvbvWvi msev` g vmvwrb Ôg vkwjýõ-gi mv _ GK mv vrkv i Zvi yäzvi K_v Zy j a i Qb KviY, KvbvWv Lywb b~i K diz `qvi e vcv i bvbv ai bi AvBwb RwUjZvi cökœ Zy j Q hgb, evsjv `k- KvbvWvi ew `wewbgq Pyw³ bb, wksev Kv bv g Zz `ÐcÖvß Avmvwg K diz cvvv bv gv b Zvi gvbevwakvi j Nb A_ev Z Zxq ` k cöiy cöf wz ZvB kl nvwmbvi cökœ, Ô m bvix I wkï nz v K i Q, gvbevwakvi j Nb K i Q KvbvWv Kb Zv K Avkªq ` e? KvbvWv hw` Lywb `i Avkªq j nq, Zvn j Avgiv me 89

46 Lywb K KvbvWvq cvwv q w` Z cvwi Õ *10 GKw` K KvbvWvq kl nvwmbvi evevi nz vkvix b~i Avi Ab w` K Zuvi Kb v cyzyj GK mv _ emevm Ki eñ GUv Kx KvbvWvi D`vibxwZ? KvbvWv kvwš c~y `k KvbvWvq Lywb `i Avkªq j bq Lywb K Avkªq-cÖkªq-c ô cvlkzv w` j bxwzmzfv e KvbvWvi fveg~wz bó n e gvwëkvjpvivj Kvw U«wn m e KvbvWvi KwgDwbwUi g a weiƒc cöwzwµqv `Lv hv e, m wó n e wefvrb ZviciI KvbvWv Kb GKRb Lywbi c wb Q, Zv evamg bq KvbvWvi Kv Q Kx åvz cöwzg GKwU ` ki eüz Z i P q GKRb AvZ ^xk Z Lywbi i Z A bk ewk! m Rb kl nvwmbv `ytl K i h K_v e j Qb, Zv-B mwz KvbvWv hw` Lywb `i wbivc` Avkªq K `ª nq, Zvn j KvbvWvB nvk evsjv ` ki Av ik KvivMvi Kvwkgcyi A bk c q UB b~i PŠayix K diz bqv m e ww m ^i 05, 2011 Zvwi L XvKvi me KÕwU KvMRB AZ š i Z w` q Q c Q h, ÔLywb b~i PŠayix K KvbvWv diz ` e bvõ ciiivó«gš x `xcy gwbi `qv GB LeiUvq GKUv eo M vc Av Q KviY, KvbvWvi bewbhy³ nvbkwgkbvi wn_vi µ Wb mivmwi G K_v ej Z cv ib bv (Ges wzwb Zv e jbwb) KviYcÖ_gZt GB AgxgvswmZ welqwu GLbI AvBwb RwUjZvq Sz j Av Q (Mu vovk j AvU K Av Q KvbvWv); wøzxqzt nvbkwgkbvi wn_vi µ Wb Ôb~i PŠayix K diz `qviõ wm v š wzwb KD bb (evsjv ` ki ciivó«gš xi Av e`bwu KvbvwWqvb mikvi K AeMZ Kiv Zuvi `vwqz ); Z ZxqZt KvbvWvi Av ik AvB bb Lywb b~ ii Av e`b Pvi Pvievi cöz vl vb n q Q (d j Lywb b~i PŠayixi KvbvWvq _vkvi AwaKvi bb); PZy_ Zt KvbvWvi AvB bb Av Q- wiwkdwr K g G mþ bv n j, mb e w³ K Z Zxq Kv bv ` k diz cvvv bv nq (b~i K Ab ` k cvvv bvi Rb evsjv `k mikvi Aby iva K i Q); câgzt b~i K wdwi q bqvi Rb BwZg a (U«qm GjGjwc bv g KvbvWvwfwËK) GKwU AvBwb cöwzôvb K G `vwqz `qv n q Q; lôzt KvbvWvi kvwš wcöq RbMYI GKRb g Zz `ÐcÖvß Acivax K N Yv K i (KvbvWv mikvi bvmwikz cviqv A bk mš vmx I Acivax K ewn vi K i Q, Zvi cöpyi ` óvš i q Q); mßgzt hw` KvbvwWqvb bvmwik g b K ib, ewnivmz KvbI e w³ Zv `i 90 wbivcëvi Rb ûgwk, Zvn j cvewjk mdwu gš YvjqI mb e w³ K ewn vi Ki Z cv i ( AógZt GKRb AvZ ^xk Z I mvrvcövß Lywb wkqy ZB KvbvWvi Kv Q i Z c~y n Z cv i bv Zvi P q `yõwu ` ki eüyz -åvz Z m úk A bk ewk i Z c~y ZvQvov G eqi evsjv `k 1971-Gi f~wgkvi Rb KvbvWvi ZrKvjxb cöavbgš x wcqv i U«y Wv K we kl m vbbv w` q Q m gh v`vi KvbvWvi i v Kiv KZ e begzt KvbvWvq GLb j vwak evsjv `wk Awfevmx Kv RB GKRb AvZ ^xk Z-mvRvcÖvß Lywb Ges ÔA ea-e w³õ wkqy ZB j vwak evsjv `wk- KvbvwWqvb bvmwik `i P q i Z c~y n Z cv i bv `kgzt `yõ ` ki ew `wewbgq Pyw³ _vkvq _vbj vû Lywb û`v K di w` q Q Avi ew `wewbgq Pyw³ _vkv bv m Ë I Av gwikv gwndwïb K di w` q Q m Î KvbvWv-evsjv `k ew `wewbgq Pyw³ ^v i Ki ZB cv i Kv RB b~i K wdwi q bqvi A bk AvBwb cu vp Av Q d j Dwj-wLZ c q UB b~i PŠayix K diz `qv/ bqv m e Kv RB ÔLywb b~i PŠayix K KvbvWv diz ` e bvõ weåvš Ki msev`wu 100% mz bq Lywb b~i PŠayix KvbvWvi ÔwbwðZ Ae vbõ msev`c Îi gva g Avwg Avi AbjvBb mvßvwnk e½wj UvBg mi m úv`k kwn`yj Bmjvg wg Uy bvbvb cöwzk~jzvi fzi Avwe vi Kwi cö_gzt jûb Ges vbxq GKwU cwîkv Av ik ÔbKj b~i PŠayixÕ evwb q Avgv `i LeiwU weåvš Kivi Ac Póvq D Vc o j MwQj wkš cv iwb wøzxqzt GKwU gnj fyj Z_ w` q Sv gjv ˆZwi Z wjß nq Z ZxqZt A Uvqv evsjv ` ki nvbkwgkbvi KL bv Kv bv mn hvwmzv K ibwb (eis Zvi mv _ b~ ii fv jv m úk i q Q e j cöavbgš xi Kvh vj q wpwvi `qv n q Q Ges vbxq AvÕjxM ez gvb nvbkwgkbvi cöz vnv ii `vwei Zy j!) GB me cöwzk jzvi g a Avwg ˆ`wbK Avgv `i mgq Avi wg Uy Zuvi cwîkv QvovI ˆ`wbK mgkv ji gva g cövq avivevwnkfv e cöwzw`b bvbvb wbdr cvvvb hv c i XvKvi Ab ˆ`wbK jvi Kvfv ir `q d j welqwu Rbmg ÿ vb cvq Zvici AvBbgš x kwdk Avn g` Ges ciivó«gš x `xcy gwb KvbvWv mdi K ib ZLb KvbvWvi wgwwqv ZI b~ ii Lei vb cvq GK ch v q cöavbgš x kl nvwmbvi mv vrkvi MÖnY K i KvbvWvi wgwwqv jv wzwb ZLb e jb, ÔKvbvWv Acivax `i Avkªq j n j ` ki mkj Lywb `i mlv b cvwv q `eõ Gevi GKB K_v ej jb `xcy gwb wcöq cvvk, D³ wbdr Avi `yb c i e³e we k-ly Ki b Zvn jb e vcviwu 91

47 A bkuv úó I cwi vi n e K) Òciivó«gš Yvj qi GK msev` weáwß Z ejv n q Q, ciivó«gš x Wv. `xcy gwb AveviI Lywb b~i PŠayix K diz `Iqvi Rb KvbvWv mikv ii cöwz AvnŸvb Rvwb q Qb wzwb KvbvWvi nvbkwgkbvi K e j Qb, Kv bv AvZ ^xk Z Lywbi wbivc` vb n Z cv i bv KvbvWv g Zz `ÐcÖvß `i e vcv i KvbvWvi Av`vj Zi GKwU wm v š i Rb KvbvWv mikvi Lywb b~i K diz w` Z h RwUj cwiw wzi gy LvgywL n q Q, Zv Abyaveb Ki Z cvi Q evsjv `kó L) Avi nvbkwgkbvi wn_vi µ Wb e jb, Avgv `i mikv ii cwi vi bxwz n Q, h ` k g Zz ` Ði wbqg i q Q, m ` k Avgiv KvD K n vš i Kwi bv e½eüzi Lywb b~i PŠayix K KvbvWv diz ` e bv Ggb Ae v bi K_v nvbkwgkbvi evsjv ` ki ciivó«gš x K Rvwb q Qb wk-bv Rvb Z PvB j m~î Rvbvq, nvbkwgkbvi µ Wb GgbUv cwi vi K i e jbwb wzwb e j Qb, b~i PŠayix K diz wb q Avmvi welqwu evsjv ` ki Rb LyeB i Z c~y welq, Zv wzwb Rv bb Z e AvBwb G welqwu wzwb Zvi mikvi K Rvbv eb e j Rvbvb ZvB, Avgvi e³e - ÔLywb b~i PŠayix K KvbvWv diz ` e bvõ, GB LeiUv 100% mz bq Avgv `i gvbbxq `xcy gwb wgwwqvi Kv Q welqwu mwvkfv e Dc vcb Ki Z cv ibwb ZvB wzwb evievi bvbvfv e wezwk Z n Qb! ciivó«gš xi m ½ ˆeV Ki mwvk Z_ cwi ekb K ibwb e j gš e K i Q ciivó«gš Yvjq cöm½z, e½eüzi Lywb b~i PŠayix K evsjv ` ki nv Z diz bv w` Z KvbvWvi AvBwb eva evakzvi K_v iveevi Rvbvb nvbkwgkbvi µy Wb gš Yvjq Rvbvq, e½eüzi Lywb b~i PŠayixi evsjv ` k div bvi e vcv i ciivó«gš xi m ½ K _vck_b mwvkfv e nvbkwgkbvi MYgva g cökvk K ibwb ] Zvn j cökœ, MYgva g K weåvš Ki Z_ K w` q Q? KvbvWxq nvbkwgkbvi bvwk ciivó«gš Yvjq? Gfv e eüzcöwzg ` ki mv _ Avš R vwzk i Z c~y GKwU úk KvZi welq wb q wz³zv, ˆewiZv, gzwe iva Ges `~iz m wó Kiv wk mwvk KvR? bvwk AZ š wep YZvi mv _ my KŠkj Aej ^b Kiv KZ e? Av MB D j-l K iwq, Lywb b~i PŠayix K wdwi q bqvi GL bv A bk AvBwb my hvm Av Q G ai bi AcwicK Zvi Kvi Y evsjv `k mb my hvm _ K ewâz n e! Avgiv Zv PvB bv *11 cybðt Ae k l ciivó«gš Yvj qi ev av`q! XvKvi GKwU AbjvBb cwîkv evsjvwbdr Uv qw U dvi.kg (evsjv `k mgq: 11: 45 NÈv, ww m ^i 05, 2011) ÒLywb b~i PŠayix K KvbvWv diz ` e bv : LeiUv 100% mz bvó kxl K Avgvi jlvwu mkv j cökv ki 8-9 NÈv ci ciivó«gš Yvjq Awdm QywUi ci mü vq (evsjv `k mgq: 19:10 NÈv, ww m ^i 05, 2011) Av ikwu cöm weáwß Z Rvbvb h- ÔKvbvWxq nvbkwgkbvi mwvk Z_ `bwb: ciivó«gš YvjqÕ Avev iv mb GwK `vlv ivc! G Z g b n q Q- K) Ae k l ciivó«gš Yvj qi ev av`q n jv, L) KvbvwWqvb nvbkwgk bi mv _ Ah_v ˆeix m wó n Z hv Q, M) Lywb b~i PŠayix K wdwi q bqvi e vcv i Av iv GK avc `~iz ˆZwi n Q, N) ciivó«gš Yvj qi cwick Zvi Afve cökvk cj, O) D³ gš Yvjq D `vi wcwð ey avi Nv o Pvcv bvi Póv K i Q [ciivó«gš Yvj qi msev` weáwß Z G K_v Rvbv bv nq h, b~i PŠayixi cöz vc Y m ú K XvKvq wbhy³ KvbvWxq nvbkwgkbvi iveevi MYgva gi Kv Q 92 Z_ m~î: 1. evsjv `k M RU, Ryb 08, 1976, XvKv 2. mvßvwnk AvRKvj, AvM 20, 2010, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 3. ˆ`wbK Avgv `i mgq, deªæqvwi 06, 2010, XvKv 4. RvZxq ˆ`wbK, A ±vei 12, 2011, XvKv 5. ˆ`wbK msev`, b f ^i 12, 1998, XvKv 6. A ±vei 01, 2009 Ges deªæqvwi 13, ˆ`wbK Avgv `i mgq gvp 30, 2010, XvKv 8. WBwj vi, A ±vei 24, 2009, XvKv 9. GmwmAvi 779/ GmwmAvi G v Kj di Rvw m d«g KvbvWv, Iqvb Ae ` KbwfK UW wkjvim Ae wcgg nvwmbvõr d vwgwj BR Bb KvbvWv/gvB Kj cöuy, g vkwjbm, gvp 16, 2010, KvbvWv 11. evsjvwbdr Uv qw U dvi.kg, ww m ^i 06, 2011, XvKv 93

48 Ui Uv wek we` vj q evsjv Avgv `i gnvb GKz k deªæqvwi Avš R vwzk gvz fvlv w`em wn m e ^xk wz AR bi ci bvbv Kvi YB evsjv fvlvi gh v`v Av iv e w c q Q ewnwe k wewfbœfv e evsjv fvlvi PP v n Q, gvîv cv Q m ZvwjKv `xn 2007 mv j evsjv GKv Wgx Z GKz ki Abyôvbgvjvi GKwU cöeü cvv Ki Z wm q Zv Z mb me wpî Zy j a iwqjvg *1 evsjv fvlvi wm qivwjqb, fvi Zi cwðge ½ Ges SvoL Ði wøzxq ivó«xq fvlvi gh v`v AR b; *2 evsjv fvlv gvwk b hy³iv ó«i wepvi wefv M Ges Bwg MÖkb I qemvb U e eüz n Q, hy³iv R i wn_ iv wegvbe ` i NvlYv `qv n Q evsjvq, we k i wewfbœ kn i knx` wgbvi vcb, hy³iv ó«gkz ki vik WvKwUwKU cökvk- Gfv eb we k evsjv fvlvi K`i µgvmz evo Q G MŠie evsjv ` ki, G AnsKvi evovwj RvwZi we k evsjv fvlvi vb câg, gzvš i PZy_ evsjv `k QvovI cwðge½, Avmvg, wîcyivmn evsjv fvlvfvlxi msl v GLb cövq 30 KvwU G Qvov c w_exi wewfbœ ` ki cövq KvwU evovwj Awfevmx n q Av Qb evsjv `k, evovwj, evsjv fvlv AvR bvbv Kvi Y c w_ex Z mycwiwpz we kl K i we ` k evsjvi gyl MŠi ev¾ j K i Zy j aivi Î cöevmx ev Awfevmx evovwj `i f~wgkv AZ š i Z c~y Kv bv Kv bv Î we `wk `i Ae`vbI Ab ^xkvh evsjv fvlvi wekv k exr ec Yi Î Aóv`k kzvãxi kl w` K we jwz DBwjqvg Kwii Ae`vb me v MÖ G m ú K W. Avwbmy¾vgvb wj L Qb, Ô dvu DBwjqvg K j R Kwi wîk eq ii P q ewk mgq Aa vcbv K iwq jb Zvici wzwb cvv eb gy`ª Yi e e v K ib Ges ï fv e evsjv jlvi Ic i Rvi `b Õ gvngy` kvn Kv ikx Ôewnwe k evsjv PP võ kxl K GK cöe Ü Rvbvb, m ez P Kv øvfvwkqvi cöl vz cwðz K mwbb cö_g we `wk `i g a evsjv PP vq L vwz AR b K ib GUv wesk kzvãxi cö_g gnvhy ciez xkv ji K_v G mg q Bs ir cökvmk I ciez xkv j K vgweª Ri Aa vck RwW A vûvimb Mfxifv e evsjv fvlv I Avbylw½K wel q M elyv K ib `x bkp `ª mb Zuvi AvZ Rxebx Z A vûvimb m ú K cöpyi Z_ w` q Qb *3 94 ^vaxbzvi ci ivwkqvi gv`vg wekfv, `vwbdj PyK, Kvgv BqvKzf jfv, m M B mwiweªqvwb, Av jkrv `ªvfbv, nvbœv cöbb nj U evfv; Bsj v Ûi DBwjqvg ivw` P, nvbœv U úmb G Äjv I qe nvg, Ôevsjvi i bmumõ MÖ š i RbK gvwk b hy³iv ó«i BwZnvmwe` WwfW Kd, iv Pj evigvi, GWIqvW wm wwgk Rywbqi, wk bub we wmwj, K viwjb ivbu, K vij m jgvb, e vwi gvimb, jvjb M elk GWIqvW wwgk, dvk jviwe` W. nbwi M-vwm; KvbvWvi e vwi gvimb, Rv kd IÕK bj, Zvi x K v_wjb Gg IÕK bj; A «wjqvi gvwiqvb g vw vb, b ZvwË K wcuvi ei Uvw P, fvizxq es kv f Z Rvg vb bvmwik ivûj wcuvi `vm, jvjb M elk Dwbq b; wdbj vûvevmx jviwi nviwejwz I nwj DwmKvjv; divwm Pvj m P v ci b, wbey w` ei (whwb ivgvqy wb q GgG K i wcgbpww K i Qb AvjvIj wb q); Rvcvwb jvjb cöwgk gvmvqywk Avwbkx, W. KvRyI AvRygvmn Av iv A b KB evsjv mvwn Z Ae`vb ivl Qb Giv Ph vc` _ K ïi K i iex `ªbv_, gvb Kj gaym~`b `Ë, jvjb, bri j, Rxebvb ` `vk, GgbwK mgkvjxb evsjv mvwnz wb qi Kg iz we k i wewfbœ wek we` vj qi mvd_ Gwkqvb j v½y qr vww R evsjv fvlv I mvwnz cov bv n Q Rvg vwbi wgdwbl fvwm wu, jûb fvwm wu, g v fvwm wu, UvwKI fvwm wu, gvwk b hy³iv ó«i wkkv Mv fvwm wu, BwÛqvbv fvwm wu, K jvw ^qv fvwm wu, KvbvWvi Ui Uv fvwm wu, Bivwb fvwm wu Zvi g a Ab Zg BwÛqvbv fvwm wu Z eû eqi Av MB evsjv cov bv n Zv mlv b wk KZv Ki Zb ey `e emy, myax `ªbv_ ` Ëi g Zv Kwe-mvwnwZ Kiv c i R vwzg q `Ë hy³ nb hvi QvÎ wq jb wk bub we wmwj *4 L. Ui Uv wek we` vj qi mvd_ Gwkqv vwwr wefv Mi gva g evsjv fvlvi Kvm Pvjy nq 1997 mv j BwZc~ e GLv b Ab vb fvlv I mvwnz cov bv n Zv evsjv fvlvi hvîvi cq b hvi Ae`vb wzwb n Qb- mvd_ Gwkqvb vww Ri ZrKvjxb cwipvjk W. b i `ª IqvMwj, wbd K j Ri wcöwýcvj W vwfw K vû wdì, AvB e vs Ki AvBKb, ÔAW vi Ad A UvwiIÕcÖvß cö dmi gqgbwms ni gvbyl cökvš Kzgvi emy; d«û Ad e½wj vww Ri cvebvi gvbyl bxjvw`ª PvKx; cöexy A_ bxwzwe` cö dmi `xck gryg`vi; Agi PµeZ x, W. gnv `e PµeZ x Ges ˆeÂex wel q wcgbpww Kiv KvbvwWqvb cwðz Rv md IÕK bj cögyl Avi hviv wk KZv K i Qb, Zviv n jb- W. n, gäykªx `vk ß, ixbv PµeZ x Ges BKevj Kwig nvmby nvmby XvKvq ˆ`wbK evsjvi evyx Z mvsevw`kzv Ki Zb, wdj mvmvbwui mv _ hy³ wq jb GLb Ui Uv _ K mvwnz cwîkv Ôevsjv Rb vjõ m úv`bv K ib ZviB Avgš Y A b Ki g Zv Avwg GKevi evsjv 95

49 wefv M K vm wb Z wm qwqjvg, 2005-G ZLb _ KB G e vcv i Avgvi Mfxi AvMÖn m wó nq evsjv fvlvi Kvm Pvjy m ú K bri j wg Uv Rvwb q Qb, W. gnv `e PµeZ x ivrkvnxi jvk Zvi x `xwß PµeZ x wq jb h kv ii A UvwiI cö ` ki Ab Zg wek we` vjq mvwe vwi wek we` vj q c`v_ we` vi Aa vck wq jb wzwb ez gv b Aemi wb q Qb wzwb `xn 34 eqi a i KvbvWvq emevm Ki Qb Zuvi x MZ n q Qb eqi K qk Av M GK cyî x wb q Ab GKwU kn i emevm K ib xi i YB wzwb (3 jvl 50 nvrvi Wjvi GKKvjxb Rgv w` q) GKwU dvd Ûkb vcb K ib hvi bv g Pvjy i q Q GKwU wk ve wë *5 wkš GB e wë mv _ Ui Uv wek we` vj q evsjv Kv m i m úk _vk ji Ôevsjv wefvmõ m ú~y wfbœ bri j wg Uvi mb jlv co j A b KB g b K ib GKKfv eb W. PµeZ xb Gi cök Z cöez K G Z_ gv UI mwvk bq, weåvwšíki KviY, Gi cq b `yb evsjvi A b KB RwoZ huv `i bvg c~ e B D j-l Kiv n q Q Ges Avwg e w³mzfv e Zuv `i cövq mevi mv _B K_v e j Av iv R bwq h, Ui Uv wek we` vj q wiwjwrqb wwcvu g U Ôms ZÕ K vwmk mve R± wn m e cvv G Qvov cov bv nq iex `ªbv_ Ges mz wrr ivq Avi mvd_ Gwkqvi g a wnw ` evsjv Avi Zvwgj cov bv n Zv D`y Pvjy niqvi K_v _vk ji kl ch ší Zv nqwb ez gv b Avw_ K msk U evsjv I Zvwgj wmz i q Q D j-l, g~jz d«û Ad e½wj vww Ri D ` v MB Ui Uv wek we` vjq evsjv Kv m AvMÖn cökvk K i c o Zv cov bv ïi nq wbd K j Ri ZË veav b `ywu c e Ôc~Y µwwu Kvm Õ wn m e ( m Þ ^i Uy GwcÖj) evsjv fvlv I mvwnz Kvm Pvjy nq 1997 mv jb m Uvi di mvd_ Gwkqvb vwwr A_ vr `wÿy GwkqvwelqK Aa q bi Aax b mœvz KvËi Ges Eb-mœvZK ch v q cvv µ g cö_g Kvm n QÑ ÔB UªWvKkb Uy e½wjõ kxl K evsjv cö ewkkv ce Ges wøzxq Kvm ÔwiwWs d«g evsjv wjuv ipviõ kxl K mvwnz ce Awfevmx `i nwi UR KvjPvi wn m e hw` fvlv I mvwnz -ms wz Kvm cöez b n j Kv m i LiP Ges wk Ki ezb-fvzv enb Ki e KwgDwbwU Avi cövwzôvwbk LiP enb Kivi weavb wek we` vjq KZ c i wkš GK ch v q evovwj KwgDwbwUi mb ÔkZ Õ c~i Y k~b Zv m wó nq d j 2009 _ K evsjv Kvm wu eü n q hvq Z e Avb `i msev`, A_ bwzk Ges cövmw½k kz c~i Yi cö Póvq GwM q G m Q Ui Uv XvKv wek we` vjq dvivg 2011-Gi GKz ki Abyôv b XvKv wek we` vjq dviv gi Av jvpbv mfvq e³vivñ ÔcÖev m evsjv fvlvi wekvk, PP v, bzyb cör b i Kv Q fvlv Av `vj bi BwZnvm I mswk-ó welq jv wb q Av jvpbv K ib 10 eqi Av M KvbvWvi Ui Uv 96 BDwbfvwm wu Z evsjv fvlv Kvm Pvjy Kiv n qwqj wkš m úöwz GUv eü n q hvq e³viv welqwu K `ytlrbk e j AwfwnZ K ib Dcw Z myax `i mv _ Av jvpbv I e³v `i KvQ _ K D V Avmv aviyvi mgš^q K i dvivg GB welqwu wb q KvR Kivi NvlYv `qõ *6 mb welqwu GLb cöwµqvaxb i q Q G e vcv i XvKv wek we` vjq Ges Ui Uv wek we` vj qi g a hš_ wm v š i ci nqz AbwZwej ^B Avevi Av jvi gyl `L e GLv b evsjv Kvm evsjv fvlv PP vi Î eü Rvbvjv Avevi Lvjv Rvbvjvq cwiyz n e cöev m bzyb cörb Avi AvMÖnx we `wkivi Av jvwkz Ki e evsjv fvlv I evsjv mvwnz Z_ m~î: 1. evsjv ` ki wkí-mvwn Z wzb hy Mi AR b we `wk `i f~wgkvt evsjv GKv Wgx, XvKv 2. AvM 27, 2011, el vkvjxb Awa ekb, weavbmfv, w`wj-, fviz 3. ewnwe k evsjv PP v/gvngy` kvn Kv ikx, 21 deªæqvwi, ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, XvKv 4. wek Ry o evsjv fvlvi K`i evo Q/wØ-gvwmK cwiµgv, Z iv el t cö_g msl v, myb Wb 5. Ui Uv wek we` vj q evsjv, DËi Av gwikvi PvjwPÎ/ bri j wg Uv `k we `k cvewj KkÝ, deªæqvwi 2009, Ui Uv, KvbvWv c Ab jvbb mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, gvp 03, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 97

50 15 AvM : kªve Yi e wó frv mü vq... cöevmx evovwjiv memgq evsjv ` ki ms wzi cöwz `ye j cöejfv e AvKl Y K i ^ ` ki wkí-mvwnz KviY, gvz f~wgi ms wz AvZ cwipq Ges AvZ Z wßi gva g ^ `k _ K nvrvi nvrvi gvbj `~ i, we ` k hlb evsjv Mv bi Avmi e m wksev evsjv eb qi gjv nq A_ev evsjv ` ki wpî cö`k bx nq, ZLb ^vfvwekfv eb cöevmx evovwjiv AvZ vi mv _ GKvš GKvZ Zv Abyfe K ib Ui Uv Z m` mgvß From Dhaka with Love kxl K wpî cö`k bx ` L Avev iv Zv g b n jv G cö`k bx evsjv `wk wpîki `i n ji wkqyuv Avš R vwzk gvîv c q Q cöwzw`bb `L Z G m Q vbxq `k K QvovI wewfbœ ` ki `k K, wkíx, mgv jvpkiv evsjv ` ki wkík g i cöwz Zv `i AvMÖn I AvKl Y GKwU bzyb gvîv KviY, Zviv wkíx `i bvg bv ïb ji wkík g gy» GB cö_g KvbvWvq evsjv ` ki 14 Rb L vwzgvb wpîwkíxi wpî cö`k bx d«g XvKv DB_ jvf (From Dhaka with Love) Ui Uvi WvDb UvD bi BqK wf ji wnubu M vjvwi Z KvBq~g PŠayix, ˆmq` Rvnv½xi, nv kg Lvb, iwdkzb bex, gwbi j Bmjvg, gvngy`yj nk, knx` Kwei, dwi`v Rvgvb, G KGg AvjgMxi, Lvi k` Avjg mwjg, ˆmq` BKevj, ZvRywÏb Avn g`, iv Kqv myjzvbv Ges KbKPvcv PvKgvi 2wU K i wpîkg vb cvq mvmv A_ vr mvd_ Gwkqvb M vjvwi Ges e½j dvbb Av U i hš_ D ` v M G cö`k bx AvM 5, 2010 ïi n qwqj, kl n jv AvM 15, 2010 D j-l, BwZc~ e MZ eqi Abyiƒcfv e evsjv `wk wkíx `i cö`k bx nq wbdbq K Gfv eb GB Av qvrb wbdbqk _ K Ui Uv, Ui Uv _ K UvwKI, eªv mjm, `yevb qi AbywôZ n q Q Gev ii Ab Zg Av qvrk mvd_ Gwkqv M vjvwi Ae Av U i cöwzôvzv-cwipvjk cvwk vwb Avwj Avwe` Lvb wzwbb e w³mz D ` v M wkívpvh Rqbyj Av ew` bi 1968 mv ji Faces Series (59X27) Bw ˆZjwP Îi GKwU wkíkg A Uvqv _ K msmön K i Ui Uv i qj A UvwiI wgdwrqv g ivlvi e e v K i Qb hlv b ïay evsjv ` ki GKgvÎ ZuviB wkíkg vb c q Q G m ú K wg. Lvb 27 AvM Ô10 GK B- gb j RvbvbÑ 59 X 27 ˆZjwP Îi GKwU wkíkg A Uvqv _ K msmön K i Ui Uv i qj 98 Ui Uv b vkbvj wgdwrqv g wkívph Rqbyj Av ew` bi Qwe A UvwiI wgdwrqv g ivlvi e e v K i Qb hlv b ïay evsjv ` ki GKgvÎ ZuviB wkíkg vb c q Q G m ú K wg. Lvb 27 AvM Õ10 GK B- gb j Rvbvb: Shortly after establishing the South Asian Gallery of Art (SAGA) in Toronto, Ali Adil Khan, SAGA s Founder and Director came across a significant painting lying around in a basement of a home in Ottawa. Its owner had no knowledge or appreciation of art, leave alone a realization that he had in his possession some very important works by South Asian artists. The painting was acquired by his late father Dr. Iqbal Siddiqui in Ali Adil Khan then convinced the owner to sell the painting to the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) instead of sending it to an art auction house in New York. This way the painting would stay in Canada to be enjoyed by thousands of South Asians living in the Greater Toronto Area. It did not take much to convince Dr. Deepali Dewan, curator of South Asian Art at the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) to acquire this major work of art by an artist who is considered to be the pioneer of modern art in Bangladesh and revered as Shilpacharya, the master painter, as a mark of respect. Before settling in Dacca, Zainul Abidin had lived in Calcutta, first as a student at Shantiniketin and then as a teacher where he came under the influence of Jamini Roy, Abani Tagore, Mukul Dev and Atul Bose. In 1947, Zainul Abidin moved to Dacca, where he devoted his energies to the creation of an art institute, which later became a nucleus of a modern art movement in 99

51 South Asia. The painting acquired by ROM is from Zainul Abedin s Faces Series in 1968 when he was further exploring the relationship of art to life. Through his work he wanted show the suffering of the hard working people of his land and the helplessness on their faces due to the political and social turmoil occurring prior to Bangladesh s independence. The painting is done using broad brushstrokes and dark varying colours to create an emotional response in the viewer. A clear mark of a master. hv nvk, Av jvp cö`k bx Dcj PgrKvi GKwU iwykv ei n q Q G Z GK ï f QvevYx Z XvKv KvbvWvi nvbkwgkbvi ievu g vkwymvj (Robert Mcdougall) e j Qb: I have been impressed by the quality and depth of artistic talent in Bangladesh, as demonstrated by growing global atention and interest Although Bengali culture has much deeper roots than CanadaÕs, I see similarities in terms of historical exposure to and acceptance of a wide range of international influences, a deep atachment to the land and the sea, a national paradigm built significantly on strongly resonation cultural and linguistic imperatives and a willingness to embrace technological and artist modality without abandoning nurtured identifz. G Qvov Av iv ï f QvevYx w` q Qb A Uvqv evsjv `k nvbkwgk bi fvicövß ivó«`~z biixb Avnmvb, e½wj AvU M vjvwii cwipvjk myexi PŠayix Avi Ôevsjv ` ki mgkvjxb wkíkg Õ kxl K GKwU PgrKvi g~j vqbag x cöeü wj L Qb wgrvi j Kv qm, Avgv `i ciivó«mwpe hvi ïi Uv G ikg: The land that is to day Bangladesh has a history going back millennia and a culture that has roots in pre-history. Successive political changes have influenced the life and life-style of communities here which, in tum, is reflected in the creative genius of contemporary times. There is an organic time-line in the evolution of Bangladesh art all the war through into the modem mainstream. Modem art in Bangladesh draws as much from heritage as from global trends. Bangladesh has a rich tradition in terracota. cö`k bx Z KvbvwWqvb gš x-ggwc QvovI nvvr K i Ny i M jb W. Avwbmy¾vgvb, 100 dg XvKv DB_ jvf kxl K cö`k bx Z (euv _ K) wkíx ˆmq` BKevj, Gwkqv M vjvwi Ae AvU mi cöwzôvzv Avjx Avwe` Lvb, wnubu M vjvwii gvwjk I wkíx mviv, jlk, wkíx ZvRDwÏb Avn g` Ges wkíx knx` Kwei W. ˆmq` gvnv ` kv n`, cvwk v bi m½xz cwipvjk kv nj ivbv cögyl M vjvwii gvwjk UvwK k-kvbvwwqvb wkíx Ibvi mviv cö`k bxi mvov ` L Av iv GKw`b evwo q w` jb A_ vr 14 AvM _ K 15 AvM ch š Avi evovwj RvZxq GB kv Ki w` b nvvr `k wgwb Ui Rb SgSg K i e wó G jv kªve Yi e wó frv mü vq kl n jvñ d«g XvKv DB_ jvf c b iv AvM i Kvi YB nq Zv gwbi j Bmjv gi Ôe wói c~ e Õ knx` Kwe ii ÔAvnZ MvjvcÕ, iwdkzb bexi Ô gvimõ, ˆmq` BKev ji 1971 (I-IX-VII-I), KbKPvcv PvKgvi ÔcÖv_ bvõ wfbœgvîv enb K i g b Kwi q `q gyw³hy, AÜKviv Qbœ ivwîi k l ^vaxbzvi m~ h v`q Ges e w_z 15 AvM i K_v cö`k bx Z wzb cör š i wkíx `i wpîk g mg wqj Zuv `i g a wzbrb KvbvWv cöevmx ˆmq` BKevj, ZvRywÏb Avn g` Ges G KGg AvjgMxi wq jb `yõrb bvix wkíx iv Kqv myjzvbv I KbKPvcv PvKgv cö`k bx Z cöwzw`bb G m Qb, AvÇv Rwg q Qb úb cöevmx L vwzgvb knx` Kwei Zuvi fvl, G cö`k bx Z wzb cör š i mgš^q N U Q cö`k bx Z Avwg AvwQ, Avgvi wk K Av Qb Ges Avgvi QvÎivI Av Q Avi GB cö`k bx Kv bv 101

52 wkíx wn m e bq, wkí wn m e g~j vqb Ki eb we k-lkiv K `ªxq knx` wgbv i g~j bkkvwe` nvwg`yi ivngvb kl Rxe b KvbvWvq G m kko Mu _ wq jb Ges GLv bb Zuvi g Zz KvbvWvq GLb A bk evsjv `wk wpîwkíx Awfevmx n q G m Qb wkíx `i QovQwo BwZc~ e vbxq 10 wkíxi wpî cö`k bx n q Q MZ gv P Ui Uv Z MwVZ n q Q Ô` evsjv `k AvU mvmvbwu Ae b_ Av gwikvõ A_ vr ÔevmbvÕ evmbv nq Zv GKw`b wkíx `i evmbv c~y Ki e mb cö Póvq Zviv AvU M vjvwi cöwzôv, wpî cö`k bxi Av qvrb, bzyb cör š i Rb AvU yj vc bi D ` vm wb Q evmbvi B Q, cöwz eqi evsjv `wk wkíx `i cö`k bxi Av qvrb Kiv Gfv eb cöevmx wkíx KD GKKfv e wksev hš_fv e KvR K i hv Qb hgb gw U«q j ivkxe nvmv bi wkíkg I KvbvwWqvb `i Kv QB bq, Kwbqv ZI mgv` Z Avevi KD KD g~javivq m ú ³ n q KvR Ki Qb, hgb ˆmq` BKevj Zuv `i Qwe GLb msiw Z A bk i Z c~y v b Ges i Z c~y e w³i msmö n Avgv `i wkípvh Rqbyj Av ew`b AvR hgb Ui Uv i qj A UvwiI wgdwrqv g Av Qb, AvMvgx Z A b KB Zuv `i wkí Y mlv b vb K i b eb KvbvWvq cö_g evsjv eb gjvi K_v cöevm Rxe b me P q ewk wgm Kwi deªæqvwii eb gjv gjvi Rb eykuv û û K i D V ci ci evsjv GKv Wgxi `ywu eb gjv _ K ewâz XvKvi jlk eüziv e jb, wiub-`yjvj Qvov evsjv GKv Wgxi eb gjvq Kv_vq hb mvgvb GKUz k~b Zv _ K hvq KviY, Avwg Avi jyrdi ingvb wiub A bkuv gvwbk Rv oi g Zv cövyeš n q NyiZvg, AvÇv w`zvg AvR wiubi KvbvWvq, AvwgI cöwz eqib A Uvqvq AbywôZ nq eyk Gw wekb cvj v g U fe bi cv k A Uvqv b`xi Zx i GKwU AwWUwiqv g AbywôZ G gjvq PvwiwÎK ˆewkó GKUz Ab ikg hviv mwgbv i Ask bq, ïay Zv `i eb wewµi e e v _v K d j cvvk- µzv mivmwi jl Ki mv _ hvmv hvm Ki Z cv ib 2006-G `Ljvg, Lye Kg msl K jvkr bi mgv ek N U Q mßvne vcx eb gjvq wkš evsjv GKv Wgxi eb gjvi mb cöv Yi Quvqv cjvg bv A Uvqv _ K Ui Uv Gjvg, 2006-Gi Ry b hvm w`jvg mvßvwnk evsjvi wi cvu v i Awd mi KvQvKvwQB GKgvÎ evsjv eb qi `vkvb Ab gjv XvKvi gvrnvi-gvmyg `i Ab cökvk, Ab w`b, Ab wgwwqv, Ab gjv KvbvWvq! evn, wk PgrKvi!! Ui Uv Z Ab gjv Pvjy K ib gvmyg ingvb, cvu bvi wq jb mv`x Avn g` GLb gvmyg bb mv`x Avn g` GKvB Pvjvb ebcî Lye GKUv wewµ nq bv Zey wzwb Áv bi cö`xc wb q Ui Uvi ÔwPËiÄb mvnvõ nq e m Av Qb Zv K ejjvg, GKUv eb gjv Ki j Kgb nq? eb gjvi K_v ï b Pg K DV jb PgrKvi cö ve A bk w`b a i fve Qb wzwb Zvi g bi K_v ejvq Av iv ewk Drmvnx n q DV jb wkš mvnm cv Qb bv mvnm, mn hvwmzv, mvnvh meb cöwzköæwz `qv m Ë I mv`x Avn g` ivwr bv GK-cv G j, `y-cv wcqvb Gw` K XvKv _ K ek KÕRb cökvkk wbdbq K gy³avivi eb gjvq Avm eb, Gi Ry b ZvivI KvbvWvq Avm Z AvMÖnx wfmvi Rb wbgš YcÎ `ikvi cökvkk `i Rb cwîkvi P q eb qi ji wbgš Y cövmw½k ewk ZvB Zuvi kiyvcbœ niqv wkš mv`x mv ne wm vš wb Z cvi Qb bv wkskz e weg~p! ejjvg, Ônj fvov Kivi `ikvi bb Ab gjvi cv k kw³ ` ei Awd mi gv Si Lvwj RvqMvUv e envi Ki Z cv ib vbxq jlk-wkíx `i `viqvz Ki b bv nq, A bkuv N ivqv cwi e kb n jv, wz Kx? Avi Avgv `i mvßvwnk wi cvu vi cö qvr b

53 cö_g eb gjvq g½j cö`xc R vjv Qb cöavb AwZw_ W. Avwbmy¾vgvb, Zvi euv cv k ZrKvjxb WcywU nvbkwgkbvi I jlk gvmy` L `Kvi, mgq cökvkbxi dwi` Avn g` Wv b vbxq Ggwc gvwiqv wgbœv, Ab gjvi mv`x Avn g` Ges jlk eb gjvi cvu bvi n e me ai bi mn hvwmzv cv eb Ggb Kx XvKvi jlkcökvkki mn hvwmzv Ki e Õ wbdbq K i eb gjvq hviv Avm eb, Zuv `i nv Z mgq bb wfmv c Z Kgc mßvnlv bk j M hvq Abb vi gwbi j nk hvmv hvm Ki jb wkš mv`xi Ô `vbv gvbvõ kl n Q bv wzwb Ui Uvi evb i DBÛmi M Qb dvb w`jvg ejjvg, Kvj ïµevi Avgv `i KvMR ei n e GKUv wbdr K i w`w Q cökvkkiv Avm Z Pv Qb Avcwb ivwr nb wzwb nü v/bv wkqyb ej jb bv wbdr K i w`jvg ciw`b evsjv wi cvu v ii kl cvzvq Qvcv n jv- ÔUi Uv Z n Z hv Q evsjv eb gjv Õ Zvici _ K evsjv wi cvu vi cöwz msl vq mwpî msev`, cöwz e`b, mv vrkvi, weávcb GgbwK we kl msl vi ei Ki jv Ui Uvi eb cöwgk `i wecyj mvovi cwi cöw Z gjvi vb cwiez b K i IK bvi Ges m U K qvi B i B Uvi mkk bi PvP Ae m U Kjv ^vm A vû Aj n v jvr nj fvov Kiv n jv 30 Ryb 2007-G W. Avwbmy¾vgvb Avm eb hy³iv ó«i dvevbvq XvKvq dvb w`jvg ejjvg, m vi Avgiv KvbvWvq cö_gev ii g Zv eb gjv KiwQ Avcwb Kx Kó K i Avm eb? GKev K m wz w` jb cöavb AwZw_ n q G jb W. Avwbmy¾vgvb wkš bvbvb RwUjZvi Kvi Y cö_gevi mgq cökvk bi dwi` Avn g` Qvov Avi Kv bv cökvkkb wfmv c jb bv Aek c ii evi Abb vi gwbi j nk hvm `b Ges wøzxq eb gjvq cöavb AwZw_ n q Ui Uv Av mb mv ek cöavb wepvicwz gyn ` nvweeyi ingvb eb gjv bc _ hviv mn hvwmzv K ib, Zviv n jbñ ZrKvjxb evsjv GKv Wgxi gnvcwipvjk W. ˆmq` gyn ` kv n`, evsjv `k `~Zvev mi ZrKvjxb WcywU nvbkwgkbvi I wewkó jlk gvmỳ L `Kvi, wkíx I K_vwkíx ˆmq` BKevj, evsjv wi cvu vi cökvkk Avkivd nvmvbmn A b KB vbxq kxl vbxq e w³ `i g a ZrKvjxb WcywU wcöwgqi I gš x RR w _vig vb, Ggwc gvwiqv wgbœv, cö dmi Rv kd IÕK bj cögyl BwZc~ e wbdbqk, jûb, wmwwb, UvwKI Z `xn w`b a i evsjv eb gjv n Q Gevi hy³ n jv Ui Uv eb gjv Ui Uv Z n ji G Z A Uvqv, gw U«qj _ KI jlk cvvk ^Ztù Z fv e Ask bq GKw` bi RgRgvU gjv hb AZ wßb _ K Mj GKw` K eb wewµ, Ab w` K mvs wzk Abyôvb vbxq mvs wzk msmvb jv Ask bq b Z -wkíx Ai Yv nvq`v ii ÔmyKb võiv bv P Mv b gvjv cwi q eiy K i wb jv cöavb AwZw_ K g  DV ZB D Øvabx Mvb Kij wkíx Pgb Aviv em gi mvzmy ii Q j g qiv jlk iwpz Qov MvbwU n jv- G mv G mv eb cwo ^cœ my Li Rxeb Mwo eüz eb qi Zyjbv bb, eü `yqvi AvR Ly j `B bzyb gvîv hy³ Kwi eb Rxe bi Pv Li gwy eb qi fzi Rv`yi Lwb, AvR ïay nvk nv ZLwo BwZg a Ab gjv QvovI W vb dv_ evsjvcvovq Av iv `ywu eb qi `vkvb Pvjy n q Q GwUGb wgdwrk Ges evsjv wgwwqv, hw`i cy ivuv eb bq; AvswkK wmww K v mu Ges Ab vb wrwbm ciez x Z Av iv `ywu gjv n q Q 2008 I 2010-G wkš `ytlrbk n ji mz GwUGb wgdwrk I evsjv wgwwqv GgbwK evsjv ` ki cökvkbxivi Ask bqwb GgbwK, mlv b vbxq kxl vbxq jlk-mvsevw`k-ms wz Kg x `ii `Lv hvqwb 2007-G h cö`xc R j DV jv, bvbvb Kvi Y Lye `ª ZB Kx Zvi Zj dzwi q hv Q? eb gjvi wbfz wbfz cö`xc mw wjz D ` v M AvMvgx Z wklv Awbe vy n q R M _vk e, GUvB GKvš Kvg

54 ^ ` k d vu evwo: bvwoi mv _ mzzeüb KvbvWv G m cö_g evsjv eb gjv ïi Kijvg, `Ljvg cö_g win ve gjv BwZc~ e win ve A_ vr wi qj G U nvdwrs G mvwm qkb Ae evsjv `k hy³iv R, hy³iv óª Ges ga cöv P 2004 _ K cöwz eqi ` ki evb i gjv K i cöpyi e emvwqk mvdj AR b K i Q, cöevmx `i wgwms wj ¼ hy³ K i Q gvz f~wgi mv _ wkš ZviciI Zviv me mvavi Yi Av v I wek vm AR b Ki Z cv iwb d j MÖvnK- µzv `i memgq vf cwijw Z nq 1992 mv j gvî 6 m`m wb q win ve hvîv ïiæ K i GLb win v e m`m msl v 1082wU Zvi g a 51wU cöwzôvb cö_gev ii g Zv KvbvWvq Ask bq Zviv wbdbq K i gjv kl K i wøzxq ch v q win ve dqvi Ui Uv 2011-Gi Av qvrb K i wfmv msµvš RwUjZvq ek KwU cöwzôvb Ask wb Z bv cvi ji gjv R g D VwQj, hw`i cöwz ÎB fyj-åvwš wqj we kl K i e e vcbvi ÎæwU gjvi mvdj K A bkvs k -vb K i w` q Q ZeyI g `i fv jv h, ïi n jv win ve hvîv, ` ki gvwu Z ^ cœi Avevm bi AvK ó n q A bk cöevmxb Qy U M Qb Ui Uv win ve gjvq 1 A ±vei vbxq mgq `y Uvq KvbvWvi Ui Uv griwjm úvu m c- AbywôZ wzb w` bi win ve nvdwrs dqvi-2011-g cöavb AwZw_ wn m e G gjvi D Øvab K ib M nvqb I MYc~Z gš Yvj qi cöwzgš x GW fv KU Avãyj gvbœvb Lvb D ØvabKv j wzwb e jb, cöevmxiv Avevmb wk í wewb qvm K i ^ ` ki mv _ mzyeüb Ki b ` ki A_ bwzk mg cöevmx evovwj `i eywbqvw` f~wgkv AZ š i Z c~y nvdwrs m± i f~wg`my i q Q ZvB c-u I A vcvu g U µ qi Pyw³ m úv` bi Av M fv jvfv e LuvRLei bqv GKvš Avek K cö qvrb n j m irwgb wm q `Lv DwPZ h, c-u I A vcvu g Ui Aw Z Av `Š Av Q wkbv 30 nvz cvwbi wb P _vkv RwgI wewµ n Q e j Awf hvm i q Q evsjv ` ki Avevmb msku gvkvwejvq win ve wbôvi mv _ KvR Ki Q f~wg`my `i cözviyvi duv ` c o MÖvn Kiv wzmö Í nb, hvi `vwqz mikvi Ges win v ei mb ^ QZvi Rb GLb A bk bxwzgvjv ˆZwi Kiv n q Q ZviciI cözviyvi aib cvëv Q 106 win ve gjv D Øvab Ki Qb c~z cöwzgš x Avãyj gvbœvb Lvb win v ei cöwm W U bvwmi j nvwg` Ggwc e jb, ïay gybvdvb win v ei D Ïk bq, D Ïk n Q- gvz f~wgi mv _ cöevmx `i hvmm~î K Av iv greyz Kiv gjvi we kl AwZw_ KvbvWv evsjv `k `~Zvev mi nvbkwgkbvi BqvKye Avjx Dcw Z bv _vkvq gjv KZ c vf cökvk K ib mswk-ó gš x gjvq cökvwkz iwykvq GK evyx Z Zy j a i Qb Avevmb wk íi PvjwPÎ we kl K i, gvî 55 nvrvi em gvb ji Rbeûj 16 KvwU jv Ki QvÆ `kwu Avevw` Rwg i vi AvnŸvb, ivravbx XvKvi Rwgi mxgve Zv we epbv K i wbr wbr Rjv ev GjvKvq ^ cœi wbevm M o Zvjvi e³e LyeB i Z c~y gš x Rvbvb, mevb K m ½ wb q mikvi ww UBj Gwiqv c- vb (W vc) ev evqb Ki e f~wg e e vcbv msµvš bxwzgvjv Av iv my úó Kiv n Q cwi e ki Dci me P q ewk Rvi `qv n Q Gi d j Avevmb Lv Z AZx Z h ˆbivR wqj Zv K U M Q GLv b ez gvb mikv ii MZ cš b wzb eq ii Ab Zg mdjzv e j wzwb g b K ib evsjv ` ki gwš mfvi úófvlx wn m e cwiwpz GB AvIqvgx jxm bzv e jb, Avevmb wkí wuwk q ivlvi ^v _ Gi m ½ RwoZ mevb K AvMvgx Z bxwzgvjvi g a B _vk Z n e Avevmb wkí K euvwp q ivl Z n e GUv K nz v Kiv n j eb-r½ j evm Ki Z n e GLb cwi ek Ges f~wgk úi welqwu gv_vq i L evwo wbg vy Kiv nq d j GLbKvi feb jv Av Mi P q UKmB Ges `L Z bv `wbki e U mikvi 107

55 BwZg a ivrd Ki gva g ÔwW UBj Gwiqv c- vb-w vcõ ˆZwi K i wi qj G U e e vcbv I Dbœqb AvBb 2010 Ges BgviZ wbg vy wewagvjv 2011 cöyqb Kiv n q Q ZviciI µzv `i k¼vi kl bb KvbvWvq evwo Kbv Kv bv KwVb e vcvi bq wr iv WvDb c g U w` qi evwo µq m e Ges LyeB mnrjf ZviciI cöevmxiv ^ ` k kko Muv_vi Rb GKUz gvwu ev GKwU d v Ui ^cœ jvjb K ib mve wyk wkš KÕR bi ^cœ ev evqb nq? KÕRb cv ib ^ ` k mvwkb Ki Z! GK UzK iv gvwui ^cœ a~wjmvr K i `q f~wg `my iv G m ú K wjl Z wm q wkqy Z _ i Rb Google- G mvp w` ZB DuwK w` jv kz kz c-u cözviyvi msev` KZ kz cözvik Avi cözvwiz `i PvjwPÎ hv ` k-we ` ki KvM R cökvwkz n q Q B ËdvK, RbKÉ, Kv ji KÉ, cö_g Av jv, msev`, mgkvjmn me ˆ`wbK I mvßvwn K Gme Lei ewi q Q mnkg x mvsevw`k eüziv cövq mewkqyb wj L d j Qb ZvB bzyb K i Avi wkqy jlvi bb wcöq cvvk `i Rb mb msev` jv _ K KÕwU wk ivbvg Dc vcb Kiv n jv- 1 c~z cöwzgš x Avãyj gvbœvb Lvb K agkv jb kvn Avjg mwpevj q Avevmb wk íi gvwjk `i m ½ c~z gš Yvj qi GK mfvq 12 Ryb 2010-G cöwzgš x Avãyj gvbœvb Lvb K ixwzg Zv agk w` q Qb emyüiv MÖæ ci Pqvig vb Avn g` AvKei mvenvb (kvn Avjg) gvbœvb Lvb Avevmb e emvqx `i wei bvbv Awf hvm Zy j a i e jwq jb, Ôcvwbi wb P gvbyl K ^M `Lvb A b i Rwg `wl q gvby li Kv Q UvKv bb f~wg`my LZve wb q Avcbviv Nygvb Kx K i?õ G mgq gvbœvb Lvb Zv K _vwg q w` q e jb, nvz bvwg q K_v ejyb Avcbviv Gfv e K_v ej j Avwg K Vvi n Z eva ne cöwzgš x wegjwwg I win v ei Kg KZ v `i D Ï k e jb, ÔAvcbviv cvwbi wb P ^M evbvb Rwgi gvwjk bv n q Avcbviv weávcb `b Kb? Avcbv `i G ai bi Kg Kv Ði K_v Avwg cö qvr b GK jvl evi ejeõ -cövq me RvZxq ˆ`wbK, Ryb 13, 2010, XvKv 2 c~e vâ ji bv g nvdwrs cözviyv: Lvwj RvqMv fvov K i gvbme ^ mvbb evw -ˆ`wbK RbKÉ, 10 m Þ ^i 2011, XvKv 3 ivravbx Z d vu wewµ wb q cözviyv: D ëv d vu MÖnxZv `i wei gvgjv w` q mxgvnxb nqivwb -ˆ`wbK mgkvj, m Þ ^i, 2011 XvKv 4 g~j Uv M U cöevmxiv: Rvi K i gvby li Rwg `L j wb Q -BD K weww wbdr, Ryb 03, 2911, jûb wzmö nvrvi nvrvi gvbyl: Kv úvwbi cö jvf b cöevmxivi me ^vš -euva fv½v AvIqvR, AvM 21, 2008, evsjv `k 6 Z_vKw_Z ˆ`wbK jvi PUK`vwi weávcb! mviv Rxe bi wz j wz j Rgv bv UvKvq µqk Z c- Ui g~j diz cviqv AwbwðZ -ˆ`wbK B ËdvK, GwcÖj 30, 2011, XvKv 7 wzmö `i cöwzwµqv: cöevmx K ûgwk wbiæcvq n q _vbvq wrww -ˆ`wbK B ËdvK, GwcÖj 30, 2011, XvKv 8 KviY `k vi bvwum mgy`ª mk Z eavbwbfv e evjy Zy j cwi ek aÿsm -ˆ`wbK cö_g Av jv, m Þ ^i 28, 2011, XvKv 9 fzqv K b j Ges fzqv Rwg: 2 KvwU 65 jvl UvKv AvZ mvr -ˆ`wbK B ËdvK, deªæqvwi 11, 2011, XvKv 10 µzviv Kv bvw`b cv eb bv Rwg: 30 eqi Av MB Rwg Av Rv c-u ey S cvbwb -ˆ`wbK mgkvj, AvM 10, 2011, XvKv 11 cöevmx `i msev` m jb R vkmb nvbu mi cvwé cvwu n j MZ 19 m Þ ^i mü vq Av qvwrz mvsevw`k m jb cöevmx `i wb`vi b K ó AwR Z ˆe `wkk gy`ªvi wewbg q emikvwi nvdwrs Kv úvwb _ K Rwg/c-U µ q cözvwiz -mvßvwnk GLbB mgq, 21 m Þ ^i, 2011 wbdbqk ZviciI ej Z nq, KvbvWvq cö_gev ii g Zv G gjv bzyb w`mš D b vpb K i w` jv AskMÖnYKvix cöwzôvb jv wqj- G c-vm nvwìs wjwg UW, GwR cöcvwu W fjc g U wjwg UW, Avwgb gvnv ` dvd Ûkb, Avwgb gvnv ` j vû W fjc g U wjwg UW, Gbv nvwìs wjwg UW, Avwkqvb j vûm W fjc g U wjwg UW, GcvU g U wwrvbb A vû W fjc g U wjwg UW, A v mu nvdwrs A vû BwÄwbqvwis wjwg UW, AvIiv W fjc g U, we Kb wi qj G U, e I q dvd Ûkb wjwg UW, ev qv cöcvwu wjwg UW, wek vm weìvim wjwg UW, wewìs di wddpvi wjwg UW, mâywi wi qwjwu wjwg UW, PŠayix gwvb wmwu wjwg UW, `w Yv wi qj G U wjwg UW, wwfvbb nvwìs wjwg UW, wwi qj cöcvwu R wjwg UW, Av_ cöcvwu R wjwg UW, Av K W wi qj G U, Gj Wviv Wv W fjc g U wjwg UW, Møvwiqvm j vû A vû W fjc g U wjwg UW, nvbwcwiqvb weìvm wjwg UW, Bgcvjm cöcvwu R wjwg UW, Bb U weìvm wjwg UW, Rywm Kv wjwg UW, gvbvgv W fjc g U wjwg UW, RUm W fjc g U wjwg UW, gv f jvm cöcvwu R, gvm W fjcvi wjwg UW, wgkb W fjc g U wjwg UW, gvijvbv W fjc g U wjwg UW, bvfvbv wi qj G U wjwg UW, wbdwfkb j vûgvk wjwg UW, cv d ± nvwìsm wjwg UW, i vsmm cöcvwu R wjwg UW, wijv qý nvwìs wjwg UW, i qj nvgm wjwg UW, i nvgv 109

56 cöcvwu R wjwg UW, mv dzv GbGg nvdwrs wjwg UW, mvbgvk cöcvwu R wjwg UW, kzvãx nvdwrs wjwg UW, Zvbwmi cöcvwu R wjwg UW, Zgv cöcvwu R wjwg UW, Avievb cöcvwu R W fjc g U Kv úvwb wjwg UW, BDGm evsjv G v mm wjwg UW, DËiY cöcvwu R wjwg UW, wfkb-21 wwrvbb A vû W fjc g U wjwg UW, wfkb wjwfs wjwg UW Ges gmv weìvm mgvcbx Awa ek b Zcb PŠayix Mvb M q cöevmx `i cövy fwi q `b 110 bvuvb Quov wg Uyi nv Z AbjvB bi Nywo RvZxq cöm K ve ZvcLvbv ivw, XvKv XvKv mvsevw`k BDwbq bi mvaviy wbe vpb mvsevw`k eüz `i Dcw wz Z RgRgvU cöm K ve cöv½y mkvj _ K fvuce `ycy i Lvevi we K j fvu MYbv Ges iv Z djvdj d j cy iv w`buvb _v K DrmegyLi fvu w` q ewi q G m AvÇv gviwq nvvr bewbe vwpz Ggwc `i g Zv Kg x ewóz GK hyek cöm K v e XyK Q ZvwK q `wl, bv Kv bv cvävwe civ bzv bb mywzi kvu civ GK Zvi Y v¾ j hyek gy L wgwó nvwm nvz gjv Qb nvz bvwo q ï f Qv wb Qb welquv Kx? GL bv Zv fvuvfywub kl nqwb Zvi Av MB werqx `i g Zv nvz gjv Qb, ï f Qv wewbgq Ki Qb! c i `wl Zi Y mvsevw`k, wbg vzv, mvs wzkkg x kwn`yj Bmjvg wg Uy! wg Uy Kxfv e GZ RbwcÖq n jv? Zuvi RbwcÖqZvi KviY, GKUy c ib eys Z cvijvg m` mgvß C ` evsjv ` ki cö_g euv di g Ui wdj Ô `e`vmõ evwb q gvz K i Qb muv C `i we kl Av qvrb wn m e cöpvi n q Q ÔP v bj AvBÕ Z ZvB Awfb ` bi Avb ` I weo ^bv Avevi ZLb m evsjv `k KvjPvivj wi cvu vm G mvwm qk bi wbe vwpz cöwm W U XvKvq Gfv eb wg Uy K `~i _ K, KvQ _ K `Lv? gv S-g a evsjv GKv Wgxi eb gjvi AvÇvq wksev Kv bv mvs wzk Abyôv b A_ev AvR Ki KvMR Awd m KL bv KL bv gyw`ªz Ae vq M íi gva g cwîkvi cvzvq wg Uy K c qwq nvvr GKw`b ïwb, wg Uy bb me Q o-qy o KvbvWvq cvwo Rwg q Qb? h nzy cöevmx `i wb q KvR Kwi, m nzy Zvi cöwz Avgvi GKUz AvMÖn evoj wkš bvuvb wqu o nvwi q hviqv wg Uy K Avi cjvg bv 2006-Gi Ry b Avwg A Uvqvi GKwU Pv P i PgrKvi PvKwi Q o Ui Uv Z G m mvßvwnk evsjv wi cvu v i hvm w`jvg nvvr GK we K j dvb G jv Ô`yjvj fvb, Avwg wg Uy? Awd m Av Qb Zv? Avwg 10 wgwb Ui g a AvmwQ!Õ bvuvb Quov Nywo D o hb AvU K co jv 2770 Rb dv_ GwfwbD evsjv wi cvu v ii Qv ` evn! GB kn i Av iv GRKRb K_vwkíx, mvsevw`k, wbg vzv! Avb ` gbuv f i Mj cöev m GKRb fv jv AbyR eüz cjvg wg Uz Aek ZLb e Ui Uv wdj z ji covïbv wb q KvbvWv _ K cöpyi evsjv cwîkv ei n q Q Ges n Q hgb: mvßvwnk cöevm 111

57 evsjv, gvwmk evsjv `k, mvßvwnk ` k we ` k, mvßvwnk `k w`mš, mvßvwnk cwîkv, Bs iwr mvßvwnk wgii, mvßvwnk `~i `k, mvßvwnk W vb dv_, mvßvwnk emyüiv, myey ^ `k, mvßvwnk mgq, mvßvwnk evsjv wi cvu vi, mvßvwnk evsjv wbdr cöf wz Aaybvjyß GLb cökvk cv Q mvßvwnk evsjv KvMR, ` ki Av jv, AvRKvj, hvmv hvm Ges GKgvÎ mvwnz cwîkv evsjv Rb vj hv nvk, ÔAvgvi n jv mviv Zvgvi n jv ïi Õi g Zv eü n q Mj evsjv wi cvu vi hvîv ïi Kij ` e½wj UvBgm WUKg GK eqi hver wbqwgz AbjvBb mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm ` k we ` k cwiwpz jvf K i Q, wewfbœ R bi KvQ _ K ïwb wnu n Q 50 nvrvi wkš `Lv nq bv KviY, GLb GZ io ei Oi AbjvBb KvMR ei nq, h fq¼i Ae v! Gw` K Kwe Abš Avn g` KweZv PvB Z PvB Z gnv wei³, Z e KL bvb cökvk K ibwb (wkš Zv-B niqvi K_v) nvj Q o w` jb Abš Gevi wg Uzi cvjv! dv b, mv v Z mb GKB Aby iva, GKUv jlv w`b! evsjv KvM Ri mn hvmx cöwzôvb evsjv wgwwqvq KvR Kwi wg Uz cövqb G m AvÇv `b Avi web qi mv _ GKB Ave`vi Avwg ejjvg, Avwg Zv jlv jwl Q o w` qwq GLv b wewewmi Avdmvb PŠayix, B Ëdv Ki BKevj nvmvb, ˆ`wbK evsjvi mygb ingvb, QvU `i KvM Ri jyrdi ingvb wiub, wbd bk bi mwjg mvgv` Ggb Kx Avgv `i mg qi m úv`k bvcgyj Bmjvg LvbI Avm Qb Zv `i Kv Q jlv PvI bv Qvoev `vi g Zv wg Uz ej jv, Avwg mb QvU ejv A_ vr nvdc v U civ eqm _ K Avcbvi jlv cwo...wc-r, `yjvj fvb... GKw`b cöqvz AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv `i wzpviy KiwQjvg wg Uz ej jv, GUvB GKw øc wj L w`b Gfv eb wg Uz Le ii KvM Ri Rb Bg`v`yj nk wgj bi KvQ _ K Av`vq K i wb q Qb Ôb~iRvnvbÕ Dcb vmwu (Z_ m~î: Kv ji KÉ, deªæqvwi 02, 2011, XvKv) Ae k l Avwg civwrz njvg, Rq n jv wg Uzi Avgvi hvîv ïi n jv e½wj UvBg m Ôfvlv mbvcwzõ AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv `i Dci jlvwu bvwk A b KB c o Qb Ges cöksmv K i Qb ZvB Avgv K wbqwgz wjl Z n e Zvici _ K MZ eqi 112 wg Uz cwipvwjz `e`vm Qwe Z Zvwbqv, gvndzr I Zvwib hver wjlwq wg Uz Zv cövqb e jb, `yjvj fvb, Avcbvi cöwzwu jlv me vwak cwvz Uc U bi kx l _v K cvv Ki g a `yb ai bi cöwzwµqv cvb Zviv Avcbvi jlv cq ` K ib, KD KD AcQ `I K ib MvjvMvwj `b Ui cvb e½wj UvBgm GLb Avgvi wcöq cwîkv e½wj UvBg mi Kv Q Avwg K ZÁ! KviY, GLb XvKvi 4-5wU ˆ`wb K wbqwgz Kjvg wjlwq e½wj UvBg mi Kvi YB bb j nq Zv jlv n Zv bv m Rb Av M e½wj UvBg m hvq, c i Zv ` ki ˆ`wbK jv Z cvvvb 113

58 e½wj UvBg mi wkqy bwzevpk (!) w`k Av Q hgb, Zviv KL bvb b MwUf wbdr Dc vcb Ki Z Pvb bv wg Uzi g Z, Avgiv memgq cwrwuf _vk Z PvB Rvwb GUv Zv `i bxwzgvjv wkš b MwUf n ji Zv muv msev` hgb- 1 GKwU cwievi bzyb Bwg MÖ U n q G m KvbvWvi fqven PvKwii wpî ` L wzb gv mi gv_vq e vk Uy ` c v fwjqvb wkš e½wj UvBgm GB Lei Qvc Z ivwr bv 2 Ab gjvi 2010-G Ui Uv eb gjv 99.66% e _ GB wel q e½wj UvBg mi KvQ _ K GKwU wi cvu Avkv K iwqjvg 3 Avgvi jlvi bvg-wk ivbvg cvëv bvi Rb cövqb m úv` Ki Aby iva _v K gv S-g a cövmw½k QweI ev` `qv nqv nq, e½wj UvBgm bvwk cvvk `i AvnZ Ki Z Pvb bv KviY, wg Uzi fv jvevmv eyk fwz! G ikg Av iv A bk welq Av Q, hv wb q wg Uzi mv _ cövqb wøgz cvly Kwi NÈvi ci NÈv Uwj-AvjvcI nq Z e eyws e½wj UvBgm h MwZ I bxwzgvjv wb q G Q Zv Z MÖnY hvm Zv Ges wek vm hvm Zv evo Q `ª Z Avi mvdj? m ZvwjKv `xn hgb- K) AbjvB b GB cö_g GKwU wbqwgz Ges e wzµgag x c~y v½ evsjv mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm L) `yõeq ii gv_vq mvßvwnkwu c w_exry o Aa j vwak cövq 75 nvrvi cvvk ˆZwi K i Q M) jlv wbe vpb, m úv`bv, e wbôzv, Dc vcbvq AZ š i wpkxj GB Kvi Y e½wj UvBgm me gn j MÖnY hvm Zv AR b K i Q N) e½wj UvBg mi ek wkqy msev` RvZxq ch v q bvov w` q Q evsjv ` ki wewfbœ RvZxq ˆ`wbK I wuwf P v b j e½wj UvBgm K m~î wn m e D j-l K i AmsL msev` cökvwkz I cöpvi K i Q G ikg GKwU Lei n jv- NvcwU g i _vkv e½eüzi Lywb b~i PŠayix K KvbvWvq Avwe vi Avi Wvwj gi KvbvWvq Ny i hviqv O) e½wj UvBg mi eo K wzz KvbvWvq emevmiz evsjv ` ki g~javivi jlk `i mw jb NUv bv Av ikwu K_v bv ej jb bq muv n jv e½wj UvBgm Kvb `j K mg_ b K i? KbRvi fwuf, wjev ij bvwk GbwWwc? AvIqvgx jxm bvwk wegbwc? bv MZ `yb eq i Avwg muv Avwe vi Ki Z cvwiwb G Î e½wj UvBgm cy ivcywi wbi c Z e cömwz, AvaywbKZv Ges gyw³hy i mc GB cwîkvwu memgq m PZb I m Pó ZvB, bvuvb Quov kwn`yj Bmjvg wg Uy GLb Dov Qb AbjvB bi iwob Nywo KvbvWvi f~wgk ú Ku c D V evsjvi gvwu Kv cb n M bi Rjevqy m j b KvbvWv cwi ek wel q wkqyuv wez K Rovq KviY, we k i gvu Kve b wbm g bi 2 kzvsk m wó nq KvbvWv _ K G Rb KvbvWv K ÔRxeb dwmjõ wn m e AvL v K i cwi ekev`xiv Zxeª mgv jvpbv K i Qb Aek KvbvWvi cwi ekwelqkgš x wrg cöw m Zuvi cöwzev` K i e j Qb, G ai bi e³e m ú~y GK c k G Z_ MÖnY hvm bq Aciw` K b vkbvj ivdû Uwej Ae ` Gbfvqib g U A vû B Kvbwg cwi e ki Rb wzki Kve b m úwk Z GK Rwi c Rvwb q Q, jv-kve b cvidi gý Bb W (GjwmwcAvB)-G KvbvWvi Ae vb 6-G Avi kx l d«vý cwi ekgš x wg. wrg Zv yäzvi mv _ cöz vl vb K i e j Qb, Avgiv me mgm v AwZµg Kie Z e IB ms v ^xkvi K i Q, ` Zvi w`k _ K KvbvWv cö_g Avi D vebxi w`k w` q Z Zxq G me Kvi Y Pxb, fviz, eªvwrj, hy³iv ó«i m ½ Av jvpbvq KvbvWv K Avgš Y Rvbv bv nqwb A_P 2006 mvj K wfwë eqi a i 2020 mv ji g a Kve b wbm Z 20% n«v m KvbvWvi cö ve MÖnY hvm Zv c q Q Ges wmöb nvdm M vm wbm g bi gvîv wbqš Y ˆec-weK mg SvZv K Awfb `b Rvwb q Qb cöavbgš x w db nvicvi! me A_ bxwzi Ô j fj c-wqs wdìõ ˆZwii Rb wmöb nvdm M vm wbm g bi gvîv wbqš Y ivl Z ˆewk K mg SvZv Ri wi wm½vcy i AbywôZ DbœZ Ges D`xqgvb A_ bxwzi `k jvi m j b w db nvicvi G K_v e jb Z e Kve b wbm gb wb q Zvi GB e³ e i mgv jvpbv K i Qb m j b AskMÖnYKvix cö_gmvwii GKRb Rjevqy cwiez b we klá wzwb e jb, Kve b wbm gb iv a KvbvWvi `ye j ikw Zvi e³ e i MÖnY hvm Zv yyœ K i Q mv cöwzk Ab m j bi g Zv G m j b Av jvpbvi g~j welqe wn m e `uvovq Rjevqy cwiez b Rjevqy cwiez b K~UbxwZ wb q mskui `Lv `q G ck úýiw dviv gi gwv iui e jb, Rjevqy cwiez b wb q wezk Lye mn R wbimb n e bv nvicvi Zvi IB g bvfv ei m ½ GKgZ cvly K ib nvicvi Rvbvb, Rjevqy cwiez b wb q 21 ` ki G ck bzv `i g a i Z c~y gzcv_ K _vkv m Ë I Zviv G mgm v mgvav bi Dcvq wb q Av jvpbv K i Qb me bzvb ^xkvi K i Qb h,

59 `y h v Mi N~wY cv K evsjv `k GB mgm vi Aek B mgvavb niqv DwPZ nvicvi Av iv e jb- Pxb, B `v bwkqvmn D`xqgvb A_ bwzk kw³ jv mvivwe k gvu Kve b wbm g bi A a KiI ewk f~wgkv iv L fwel Z G nvi `yb-z Zxqvs k DbœxZ n e Avgiv hw` G e vcv i Kv bv cwiez b Avb Z bv cvwi Zvn j DbœZ we k i Kve b wbmg bi Zgb Kv bv dj cviqv hv e bv nvicvi A_ bxwzi ^v _ Rjevqy cwiez b gvkvwejvq we k i me ` ki g a mg SvZvi i Z i K_v e jb wzwb e jb, me `k G Z Aš fz ³ bv n j wkqy `k Kve b wbm g bi my hvm cv e ZLb Ab `i Rb Zv ek eo A_ bwzk wzi KviY n e KvbvWv hgb wek cwi ek wech q wb q m PZb, Zgwb wb Ri ` ki cwi ek wb q Av iv ewk mzk ZviciI cövk wzk `y h vm Ges bvbvb cwiw wzi gvkvwejv Ki Z n Q KvbvWv K ejv nq, evsjv `k eb v-liv-gnvgvix-f~wgk ú-r jv Q vm A_ vr cövk wzk `y h v Mi `k wkš GLb KvbvWv ZI bvbv ai bi cövk wzk `y h v Mi bgybv j Y `Lv hv Q hgb, 6 wguvi ji Dc i fqven f~wgk ú n Q, AvPgKv U b Wv n Q, kxzcöavb ` k eid cov n«vm cv Q cöf wz hv KvbvWvi Dci bvbvfv e cöfve dj Q hgb 160 eqi A_ vr 1847 mv ji ci Lye Kg eid c o Ui Uv Z 2009-G ZylvicvZ n qwqj 180 m. wguvi Avi G eqi gvî ûgwki gy L XvKv kni m. wguvi d j A UvwiI j Ki cvwb 1 _ K `o dzu wb P Avi 2011-Gi 2 Rvbyqvwi ZvcgvÎv wqj +12; hv we qki! Gme wek cwi ek wech qi GKwU Ask Aciw` K WBwj gbj AbjvBb Rvwb q Q, GKmgq bvqvmöv cövq ïk bv gi n q wm qwqj, cv_i miv bvi Kvi Y *1 Rvcv bi cigvyy we`ÿ r K `ª wech q ZRw ŒqZv Qwo q covq wek Ry ob AvZ¼ ïi n q Q Rvcv bi cöwz ekx `kmn DËi Av gwikvry ob AvZ¼ Qov Q ewk cövq gi P c o hviqv ZRw ŒqZv cwigvck h š i K`i e o Q KvbvWvI Gi evb i bq ek K qkwu iv R cuvwkqvg Av qvwwb ewoi Pvwn`v nvvr AZ wak e o M Q KvbvWvi ^v wefvm ZRw ŒqZvi wewkiy gvîv ch e Y Ki Q Zvi cwðg DcK~ j KvbvWvi cöavbgš x _ K ïi K i we kláiv gvbylrb K µgvmz Avk K i P j Qb ïay c K Ui UvKv LiP bv Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbv Qb ^v Kg KZ viv AvjevU vi gvbylrb DwØMœ weªwuk Kjvw ^qvq nu K Ki g Zv cuvwkqvg Av qvwwb ewo Kbvi ayg c o Q f v¼zfv ii dvg vwmi ZvK jvq Kv bv cuvwkqvg Av qvwwb K vcmyj bb mieivnkvixiv nuvwc q D V Qb A vwi Rvbvi wgbv ij ve GjGjwmi gvwjk wug d v bwrb e jb, Avgiv Pvwn`v Abyhvqx mieivn Kiv _ K A bk `~ i Rvcv bi cigvyy Pywj-i cö_g we ùvi Yi ci _ KB GB Ae v cuvwkqvg Av qvwwb ewoi Rb mevb ûgwo L q c o Q *2 117

60 L. KvbvWvi evwyr ivravbx Ui Uv GLb GKwU Rbeûj kni! vbxq mikvi Ges wmwu Ki cv ikb bvmwik my hvm-mywe a w` Z e wze cvkvcvwk c qvwb vkb, AveR bv, cwi vi cvwb mieivn, cvk i v, bm ii mš `h e w i Î KZ c i mev`v bi Zyjbv bb wmwu Ki cv ikb cwjw_b e vm wbqš Y I wbwl i wm vš M nxz n j cöwz e v Mi g~j.05 m U aiv n j 09 m Þ ^i 09 _ K wzb mßv n 30% cwjw_b e vm n«vm cvq ZviciI emev mi Rb bvbv ai bi cwi ek `~ly _ K Zviv invb cv Q bv hgb, 2009-G mvgv ii mgq wmwu Ki cv ik bi ag N Ui d j ˆ`bw ` bi me AveR bv cvkv i hîzî Qwo q wqj KZ c we kl e e vq Mv e R cwi v i cövycy Póv K ii e _ n q Q iv vnv Ui gqjv, gvwq, `ym Ü gmvwmwu Ui Uv bvsiv kn ii cwiyz n qwqj hv GL bv Ui Uvevmxi wz _ K gy Q hvqwb MZ 15 g G gvwk b hy³iv ó«i mvmvbwu Ae gvb µvev qvjwri GK mfvq Z_ Dc vwcz nq h, KvbvWvi 70% evz ji cvwb RxevYyhy³ A_P A UvwiIi R ji mybvg me Î GLb `Lv hv Q- Av ik mgm v wewfbœ d v U, cvzvj U«b, nvmcvzv j Qvi cvkvi QovQwo Ui Uv GMwjsKUb-j i Ýi Ggwcwc wrb g vkd qb Zv Qvi cvkvi wei hy b g Qb wzwb G welqwu vbxq cvj v g U wej AvKv i Dc vcb Ki Qb cî-cwîkvqi Zjv cvkv-qvi cvkv wb q jlv jwl n Q *3 Gw` K KvbvWvq cöpwjz AwaKvsk cömvabxc Y welv³ Dcv`v bi Dcw wz cviqv M Q Gme cy e envikvix `i i Zi ^v Sz uwki Avk¼v i q Q evrv i Pvjy 49wU cömvabx cix v K i Gi me KwU ZB welv³ Dcv`v bi Dcw wz j Kiv hvq Ges Gi Kv bv Kv bvwu Z wbw` ó gvîvi P q A bk ewk welv³ Dcv`vb i q Q GKwU wjcw K ev AaiiÄbx Z nj_ KvbvWvi eu a `Iqv gvîvi P q A bk ewk Av m wbk I wmmvi Dcw wz cviqv M Q *4 bvbvgylx mgm v KvbvWv ZI ZviciI mikvi bvbvfv e cöwzkv ii e e v wb Q hgb, hyek `i a~gcv b DrmvwnZ K i Ggb mymwü wmmv iu I ZvgvKRvZ `ªe wbwl K i Q KvbvWv m cöwz AvBb K i Gme `ªe wewµi cvkvcvwk `vkv b cö`k bi IciI wb laváv Av ivc Kiv nq cöavbgš x w db nvicvi e jb, ZvgvK Kv úvwbi A bwzk cöpviyv I Af v mi nvz _ K hyemgvr K i vq Zvi mikvi mskíe Gw` K KvbvWvi K vývi mvmvbwu a~gcvb iv a bzyb AvBb cöyqb K ^vmz Rvwb q Q ms vwu e j Q, mymwü ZvgvKgy³ wek Mo Z GwU kªôzg AvBb jvi Ab Zg K vývi mvmvbwu Awf hvm K i Q, ZvgvKRvZ c Y K vwû, AvBmwµg I d ji MÜ Ry o `Iqv n Q GB M Üi Kvi Y KL bv a~gcvb K iwb Ggb e w³ivi a~gcv b Af n q co Q LyPiv we µzviv Zv `i `vkv bi ZvK _ K mymwü wmmv iu miv Z 9 gvm mgq c q Qb GLb Kv iv `vkv b mymwü wmmv iu cviqv M j Zv K Rwigvbvmn AvB bi AvIZvq kvw gvkvwejv Ki Z n e M. Avgiv hviv K vb-evsjvi ˆØZ bvmwik, Zviv `yõ ` ki cövk wzk `y h vm, cwi ek wech q AvewZ Z 2010-Gi 17 Ryb 5.5 wguvi j fqven f~wgk ú Zygyjfv e bvwo q hvq Ui Uv K KvbvWvi f~wgk ú hgb Avgv `i Kuvwc q `q, Zgwb evsjv ` ki h Kv bv `y h vmi Avgv `i ü`q K Avµvš K i, m Kvi Y fvebvuv `yõw` KB mgvš ivj ZvB hb wek qv b GKB m~ Î Muv_vq KvbvWvi f~wgk ú Ku c D V evsjv `k ZvB evsjv `wk KvbvwWqvb KwgDwbwU mvwf mm wewmgm I KvbvWvi cö_g AbjvBb evsjv msev`cî mvßvwnk e½wj UvBg mi hš_ Av qvr b MZ 10 Ryb 2010 e n úwzevi Ui Uv BDwbfvwm wui envb m Uv i AbywôZ n jv I evsjv ` ki `y h vm e e vcbvwelqk GKwU wfbœag x mwgbvi g~j cöeü cvv K ib XvKv wek we` vj qi mgvr weávb wefv Mi wk K I m Uvi di wwrv vi g v br g U m Uv ii cwipvjk W. L `Kvi gvkv Ïg nv mb ^vmz e³e iv Lb e½wj UvBgm m úv`k kwn`yj Bmjvg wg Uz Gici W. L `Kvi gvkv Ïg nv mb g~j cöe Ü cvv K ib wzwb e jb, evsjv `k GKwU `y h vm-kwejz `k cöwzwbqz Kv bv bv Kv bv `y h v Mi gy LvgywL nw Q Avgiv A_P `y h vm e e vcbv wel q mgwš^z D ` v Mi h _ó Afve i q Q cwi ek wech qi welqwui D V Av m Zvi GB cöe Ü W. gvkv Ïg AviI e jb, evsjv ` ki cwi ek Dbœq b b_ Av gwikv GKwU weivu d v±i evsjv ` ki cwi ekev`x `i Av `vjb Ges ek mvd j i cq b b_ Av gwkvi cöevmx `i weivu f~wgkv i q Q KviY Gme Av `vj bi R b eo As Ki Abỳ vb Av m b_ Av gwikv _ K ZvB GLbB mgq evsjv ` ki my `i fwel r wbwðz Ki Z cwi ek wech q KvwU q D V mgwš^z `y h vm e e vcbv m ú K e vck Rbm PZbZv m wó Ki Z n e W. gvkv Ïg Zuvi Av jvpbvq evsjv ` ki `y h vm, `y h vm-ciez x cöfve I cöwzkvi wb q we vwiz Av jvkcvz K ib Gi ci e³e iv Lb Avdmvb PŠayix wzwb evsjv ` ki cwi ek wech q iva I `y h vm e e vcbvq mnvqzvq cöevmx `i Av iv GwM q Avmvi AvnŸvb Rvbvb Zuvi cö hvwrz I cwipvwjz Z_ wpî Kqvim Bd evsjv `k W«b cö`wk Z nq Avgwš Z wewkórb `i cöwzwµqvi cvjv ïi nq Gi cib wpîwkíx I jlk ˆmq` BKevj e jb, cwi ek wech q Avgv K memgq fvwez K i ZvB IwUqvm Ae

61 bpvi wk ivbv g Qwe Gu KwQjvg XvKv wek we` vjq dviv gi mfvcwz Avãyj nvwjg wgqv e jb, GB ai bi GKwU mvnmx Av qvrb K mvayev` bv Rvwb q Kv bv Dcvq bb ms wzkg x Abš Avn g` e jb, GB Av qvrbwu hb GLv bb _ g bv _v K Avgiv PvB me fv jv D ` v Mi m~îcvz hb cöevm _ KB nq Kwe gnive ingvb e jb, evsjv ` ki Kv bv mikvib mrfv e GB welqwu wb q fv ewb, GLbI fve Q bv GUv `yt Li welq A_P evsjv `k K euvpv Z GLbB Avgv `i mw wjz D ` vm bqv Ri wi O. eûj Av jvwpz wk qv Uv cö UvK j _vk Z Pv Q bv KvbvWv `w Y Avwd«Kvq AbywôZ Wvievb Rjevqy m jb Z G K_v Rvwb q w` q Q KvbvWv cvkvcvwk Rvcvb Ges ivwkqvi Rvwb q w` q Q Zviv wk qv Uv Pyw³ bevqb Ki Z B QyK bq Av gwikvi Rvwb q w` q Q ZvivI G Pyw³ bevq bi wec BD ivcxq BDwbq bi Ae vb GL bv cwi vi bq Gev ii m j bi wm v š i Dci A bkvs k wbf i Ki Q wk qv Uvi fwel r Rvg vb Iqv Pi M-vevj K vb gu wi Bb W 2012 mv ji wi cvu Abyhvqx 2010 mv ji me Pq wzmö ` ki ZvwjKvq kx l D V G m Q cvwk vb, qv Zgvjv, Kjw ^qv I ivwkqv GB wi cv U Av iv ewi q Av m ^ ívbœz `k jv Ab `k jvi P q ewk wzmö nq wewfbœ iv M Gi AvM ch š G ZvwjKvi kx l wqj evsjv `k, wgqvbgvi I nûyivm Rjevqy wzmö i ZvwjKvq wzb b ^ i evsjv `k D j-l, 1997 mv j wk qv Uv cö UvKj Pyw³ nq cwi ek i vq GKgvÎ AvBbMZ G Pyw³ Kvh Ki nq 2005 mvj _ K DbœZ `k jvi `~l Yi kzkiv gvî 5% Kgv bvi Rb G Avš R vwzk cwi ek AvBb Kvh Ki f~wgkv ivl e e j wek evmx Avkv K iwqj Pyw³wUi cö_g avc kl niqvi K_v AvMvgx 2012 mv j Gevi G Pyw³ bevqb Kiv bv nq Zvn j wk qv Uv cö UvK ji Kei n e Avwd«Kv ZB *5 d j DwØMœ n q D V cwi ekwe`iv Wviev b Rjevqy m jb kl n q Q djvdj ce Zi g~wlk cöme: we k i ZvcgvÎv e w i nvi `yb wwwmö mjwmqv mi wb P bvgv bvi Kv bv Kvh Ki iƒc ilv GB m jb w` Z cv iwb g `i fv jv GUyKyB h, Rjevqyi wel wmöb nvdm M vm wbtmiy mxwgzkvix 1997 mv ji wk qv Uv cö UvKj Zvgvw` niqvi nvz _ K i v cviqv mwz B ewa Z ZvcgvÎv Ges mgỳ ªc ôi D PZv evovi cwi cöw Z GB wk qv Uv cö UvKjB n jv Wyeš gvby li mvg b GKgvÎ LoKz Uv; wkš Zv wk c w_ex K Rjevqywech q _ K euvpv Z cvi e? 120 Kv cb n M bi Rjevqy m jb ïi Z hz Avo ^i I D Pvkv m wó K iwqj, kl w` b Zv bvwg q Av b nzvkv c ii eq ii gw Kvi KvbKy bi m j b mb nzvkv AviI ev o, G eq ii Wvievb m jb Kej ZviB cybive wë NUvj Kv cb n Mb _ K KvbKz b Pxb I hy³iv ó«i GKgZ bv niqv wqj eo mgm v, Wviev b Zgwb mg SvZvi wecix Z `uvwo q Q fviz A_ bwzk cöe w K c w_exi evm hvm _vkvi P q ewk i Z `Iqvi AvZ NvZx c_b AbymiY Ki Q DbœZ I cövq-dbœz ivó«jv g~jz Gi Rb `vqx hy³ivó«, Pxb I fvi Zi µgvmz GK u qwg Z e, Wvievb m j b gvneye irv wzmö `k jvi Rb 100 wewjqb Wjv ii Rjevqy Znwej MV bi KvR wkqyuv GwM q Q *6 kl ch š KvbvWv AvbyôvwbKfv e wmöb nvdm M vm wbtmiy wbqš Y-msµvš wk qv Uv cö UvKj _ K m i Avmvi NvlYv w` q Q cwi ekgš x wcuvi K U *7 N. `y h vm e e vcbv, cvwb Dbœqb Ges f~mf we klá, K wl cö KŠkjx W. gvneye irv evsjv ` ki K Zxmš vb n ji Rvcvb mikv ii cöwzwbwa wn m e KvR K i Qb Avš R vwzk cwigð j G Qvov BwZc~ e GwWwe, wek e vs Ki civgk K wn m e KvR Ki Qb Gwkqv, Avwd«Kv Ges BD iv ci ek wkqy Dbœqbkxj ` k gvwu Avi gvby li Kj v Y Kg e Zvq P l eovb cövq cy iv c w_ex, wkš Ny i wd i Av mb KvbvWvq KviY, GLb Ui UviB vqx evwm `v wkš evsjv `k Zuvi g Zv e w³ K h_v_ fv e Kv R jvmv Z cv iwb, Ki Z cv iwb Kv bv g~j vqb GiKg K wzz c~y cöwzfvevb gav jv a i ivl Z cvi j evsjv `kb jvfevb n e Z_ m~î: 1. WBwj gbj, ww m ^i, 2011, KvbvWv 2. AbjvBb mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, gvp 17, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 3. Daily 24 H Matro, August 25, 2010, Toronto, Canada 4. AbjvBb mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, Ryb 04, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 5. evsjvwbdruz qw U dvi.kg, b f ^i 30, 2011, XvKv 6. ˆ`wbK cö_g Av jv, ww m ^i 11, 2011, XvKv 7. wmwewm, ww m ^i 05, 2011, KvbvWv 121

62 KvbvWvi ` wó Z hy vcivax c w_exi Ab Zg kvwš c~y `k KvbvWv KvbvWvi cv kb Av gwikvq hgb AkvwšÍ, D ËRbv, mš vm weivr Ki Q, m Zyjbvq KvbvWvi Ae vb m ú~y wecixz gi Z eûevi ejv n q Q, KvbvWv Kv bv Lywb, mš vmx Ges hy vcivax K Avkªq `q bv GLv b ivr bwzk Avkªq Avi bzyb BwgMÖ v U `i Rb Øvi Lvjv mb my hv M KD hw` Zvi cwipq Mvcb K i Xy K wiwddwr wn m e bvmwikz jvf K i Ges c i Zv cögvy nq KvbvWv mikvi Zvi bvmwikz K o wb q Zv K diz cvvvq G ikg GKvwaK bwri Av Q Zvi 2-1wU ` óvš Zy j aiwq Zvi c~ e RvwZmsN KZ K GKwU mb` I Pzw³ Dc vcb KiwQ: Canada Canada was among the first countries to consolidate and harmonize its legislation regarding the core international crimes following ratification of the ICC Statute. Prosecutions in the early 1990s of alleged foreign war criminals (under repealed legislation) had all failed (e.g., Regina v. Finta). The Canadian government then proceeded with administrative procedures, especially denaturalization and deportation. Among the most well-known deportation cases are Sivakumar v. Canada (involving crimes against humanity committed by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in Sri Lanka) and Mugesera v. Minister of Citizenship and Immigration (involving genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda). The 2000 Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes Act incorporates the provisions of the ICC Statute into Canadian legislation. Its twofold objective is to allow full cooperation with the ICC in matters of investigation and prosecution, and to increase national capacity and punish alleged perpetrators of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Prosecution of extraterritorial offenses under the act always requires a link with Canada.. Austria One of the first trials for genocide anywhere in the world was held in Austria. Public Prosecutor v Cvjetkovic arose out of the war and ethnic violence in the former Yugoslavia that occurred during the first half of the 1990s, which caused an influx of thousands of refugees, including Cvjetkovic, into Austria. According to the indictment, the accused, as military commander, was responsible for the ethnic cleansing of the Muslim section of the village of Kucice. He was charged with genocide and complicity in genocide. A jury acquitted him. The genocide charges were brought under Sections 321 and 65(1), subparagraph 2, of the Austrian penal code. The former makes genocide a criminal offense; the latter provides that offenses committed abroad shall be punished in Austria if the offender, though he was a foreigner at the time when he committed the offense, was found in this country and if, due to reasons different from the nature and characteristics of the offense, is not extradited to a foreign State. The foreign authorities were notified but did not respond, and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) declined to take over the proceedings.* 1 G Z GKgvÎ KvbvWvB Pzw³i Av M Ges c i me gvbezvwe ivax I hy vcivax `i wepv ii c Avi Aw «qv Pyw³i ci _ K Zv Kvh Ki Kivi c G Î KvbvWvB e wzµg hv nvk, wøzxq gnvhy i mgq wnujv ii bvrwm evwnbxi `L j BD µb, ZLb BD µb bvmwik f vmywj Aveªv gvwfp evkzwzb Zv `i `vmi-`vjvj wn m e wbrvgx-gyrvwn`-mvc`x `i f~wgkv cvjb K i GKwU wkïmn Bûw` cwievi K nz v K i Ges Rvg vwbi wkwe i BD µbxq Zi Yx `i cöiy K i G Qvov BD µ bi 9 Rb gyw³ mbv K nz v K i Gfv eb m hy vcivax wn m e gvbezvwe ivax KvR K iwqj wøzxq gnvhy Rvg vwbi civr qi ci bvg Mvcb K i e`i evkzwzb Aw «qvq AvZ Mvcb K iwqj hy vcivax wn m e m` Kviv`ÐcÖvß K úvwwqvi Lgvii R bzv KvBs qk Bf Ii d `yki Pvqbvq 1979 _ K GK hym cvwj q wq j c i 1999 mv j GK AvBwik mvsevw`k hy vciva `y Ki cök Z cwipq duvm K i `b Ges wzwb MÖdZvi nq *2 Kv RB hy vcivaxiv cvwj qi invb cvq bv BD µ bi ivrvkvi-avje`i evkzwzb cuvp eqi ci 1951 mv j KŠk j KvbvWvq Xy K wiwddwr mv R Ges wg _ i Avkªq wb q i gvbxq bvg aviy K i Iqvwmj evkzwz G m ú K bri j wg Uv Zvi ÔDËi Av gwikvi PvjwPÎÕ MÖ š wj L Qb : 1980 mv ji cö_g w` K mvbgb DB Rb_vj Bbw wudu (wøzxq gnvhy Bûw` wba b RwoZ `i Lyu R ei Kivi Rb Rb GKwU msmvb) Dwj-wLZ e w³wu

63 GB mb ` Pzw³ n q Q hy vcivax `i wepv ii KvbvWvq emevm Ki Q e j m `n cökvk K i KvbvWxq mikvi K Z_ vewj cö`vb K i h nzy m Ab bv g KvbvWvq Avkªq cöv_ bv Ges 1959 mv j bvmwikz jvf K i m nzy KvbvWxq KZ c GZw`b ch š Zv K kbv³ Ki Z e _ nq wkš m úöwz Bwg MÖkb ikw c Îi e vck AbymÜv bi ci KvbvWxq mikvi G e w³ K wpwýz Ki Z mg_ nq cövß Z_ vewji Ici wfwë K ib gvbezvwe ivax Aciva msnv bi `v q G ivrvkviwui bvmwikz K o wb q KvbvWv mikvi Zv K ewn vi Kivi Rb Av`vj Z gvgjv K i Q *3 G Qvov 1995 mv j Av ik Ijv `vr hy vcivax KI Abyiƒc Aciv a 40 eqi ci bvmwikz K o wb q KvbvWv _ K ewn vi Kiv nq GLb mb Ijv `vr ivrvkvi nj v Û Kviv-Rxebhvcb Ki Q 2009-Gi b f ^ i hy vciv ai Awf hv M i qvûvi 37 eqi eqmx GK bvmwik K A UvwiIi `w YvÂj _ K MÖdZvi Kiv n q Q MÖdZvi niqv e w³i bvg R vkm gyýiqvwi Zvi wei wbr `k i qvûvq 1994 mv j 124 MYnZ vkvjxb mg q hy vciv ai Awf hvm i q Q Z`š Kvixiv MZ 6 b f ^i DBÛmi A UvwiI _ K Zv K Zy j wb q hvq Ges 7 b f ^i Zv K A Uvqvi GKwU Av`vj Z nvwri Kiv nq Av`vjZ 12 b f ^i ch š Zvi wigvû gäyi K ib 2000 mv ji A ±ve i µvbg A v MBb wndg vwbwu A vû Iq vi µvbg A v± cöyq bi ci wøzxq e w³ wn m e wzwb hy vciv ai `v q Awfhy³ n jb Qq eqi Av M Mvc b Zvi wei G gvgjv `v qi Kiv n qwqj i qvûvi wkevbwq MYnZ vi m ½ R vkm gyýiqvwi RwoZ wkbv Zv AviwmGgwc hy vciva BDwbU wbwðz Ki Z cvi e I q Uvb cöwf Ýi ivravbx Z IB m úö`v qi Ae vb 1994 mv j IB m úö`v qi jv Kiv hlb kiyv_ x wn m e GKwU wmr vq Avkªq wb qwqj ZLb eyj WvRv ii mvnv h wmr v uwo q w` q Kgc 2 nvrvi e w³ K nz v Kiv nq divwm KZ c MZ eqi i qvûvi mv ek WcywU B Uwj RÝ cöavb AvB Wj cv Ý wj RBgvbv e MÖdZvi K i Zvi wei MYnZ vi wb ` k `Iqvi Awf hvm Avbv n q Q 1994 mv j 100 w`b a i i qvûvq MYnZ v PjvKv j cövq 8 jvl gvbyl K nz v K i nq MZ gv m WRvqvi gywbqv brv K KvbvWvi Iq vi µvbg A v ±i AvIZvq `vlx mve Kiv nq KzB e Ki GK wepvik MZ gv m Zv K hve¾xeb Kviv`Ð `b G Qvov 25 eqi Zv K c v ivj bv `Iqvi Av `k `b mv R U gbvw e jb, gybv hbrvi Aciva wefv Mi GK msev` weáwß Z ejv nq, gyýiqvwii wei Awf hvm G bwq jb gyýiqvwi Kxfv e KvbvWvq G mwq jb Ges Awfevmb e e vq Zvi vuvm Kx Zv GL bv úó bq mv R U gbvw e jb, G e vcv i KvbvwWqvb ew vi mvwf m G RwÝB fv jv ej Z cvi e Z e Avwg Kej Rvwb, wzwb i qvûvi bvmwik AviwmGgwc Rvbvq, Z`š Kv j Zviv i qvûv, KvbvWv Ges hy³iv ó«ek K qkr bi mv vrkvi wb q Qb Z` š i ^v _ Zviv Kgc Pvievi i qvûv M Qb mv R U gbvw AviI e jb, Avgiv i qvûv mikv ii KvQ _ K fv jv mn hvwmzv c qwq Gw` K GKvË ii A bk hy vcivax (hy³iv R PŠayix gcbywïbmn wzbrb Ges hy³iv ó«avkivdz¾vgvb Lvb) we ` k Ae vb Ki Q, Zviv Gme ` ki bvmwikz c q Q Z e KvbvWvq 1971 mv ji gyw³hy i mg qi Kv bv hy vcivax Av Q wkbv Zv GL bv Rvbv hvqwb, wkš e½eüz nz vi Lywb i q Q KvbvWvi cöavbgš x w db nvicvi e j Qb, Zvi ` k 30 Rb hy vcivax I gvbezvwe ivax jywk q Av Q ` ki mxgvš AÂj jv Z m `nfvr bi bvg `qv n q Q I RbM Yi mvnvh PvIqv n q Q m `nfvrbiv ga cövp, Avwd«Kv I j vwzb Av gwikvi I qemvbu m~ Î Av iv Rvbv M Q, m `nfvrbiv AvdMvwb vb, Avj Rwiqv, Av v ½vjv, Gj-mvj f`i, Nvbv, q Zgvjv, nvbwz, BivK, bvb Rwiqv, cvwk vb, ci, K ½v, mvgvwjqv, kªxjskv, my`vb I mv ek hy Mv -vwfqvi Gw` K cözviyvi Avkªq biqv GK nvrvi 800 R bi bvmwikz 125

64 evwzj Ki Z hv Q KvbvWv mikvi hy vcivaxiv wewfbœ cö ` k AvZ Mvcb K i i q Qb Zv `i aivi Rb mikvi wpi wb Awfhvb Pvjv Q AvBb cö qvmkvix ms v KvbvWv ew vi mvwf m G RwÝ (wmwegmg) Zv `i I qemvb U Awfhy³ `i e w³ `i bvg, Qwe I cwipq cökvk K i Ges Zv `i MÖdZv ii e vcv i RbM Yi mvnvh P q Q GB AvnŸv bi GK w`b cib AvjevUª v cö `k _ K nûyiv mi m `nfvrb wµ vevj MbRv jm ivwg im K (44) MÖdZvi K i Q KZ c ivwg im nûyivm mbvevwnbxi we kl GKwU BDwb Ui m`m wq jb mbvm`m wn m eb Zuvi Ici hy vciv ai Awf hvm I V 2006 mv j wzwb kiyv_ x wn m e KvbvWvq Av mb GK eqi ci Awfevmb I kiyv_ xwelqk KZ c Zuv K A hvm NvlYv K i Ges 2010 mv ji gv P i g a KvbvWv Q o hviqvi wb ` k `q wkš Gi Av MB wbi Ïk n q hvb ivwg im Zuv K nûyiv m diz cvvv bvi cöwµqv ïi Kiv n q Q Gw` K Av ik cjvzk e emvqx K Px b diz cvwv q Q KvbvWv jvb P vowrs (52) bv gi GB e w³i wei Px bi dzwrqvb cö ` k GKwU PvivPvjvbKvix Pµ cwipvjbvi Awf hvm Av Q D j-l, 2006 mv j `jviqvi nv mb mvc`x Ui Uv Z G mwqj ZLb Zv K RyZv cuv Kiv nq G mwpî msev` vbxq mvßvwnk evsjv KvM R Qvcv nq 2009-G Ui Uv Z G mwqj gvijvbv Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv` ZLb cöevmxiv Zxeª kxz D c v K i cöwzev` Rvbvq 2006-G `jviqvi nv mb mvc`x jû b Abyiƒcfv e we v fi gy L c o m mgq weª U bi cöfvekvjx cwîkv Ô WBwj mvbõ Zv K Rv bvqvi wn m e D j-l K iwqj *4 AeRvifvi, UvBgm, wgii, P v bj dvi Zv K wb q wi cvu K iwqj Ges mvc`x cvwj q eu P wqj mb mgq ÔKvbvWvq mvc`xt cj gvwu bi Kv Q cökœõ kxl K `xn Qovq jyrdi ingvb wiub wj L Qbt evsjv ` k msl vjny wbh vz bi Kv R GB mvc`xi `vmi jv wnsmª cïi mv Rbvix al Y jyéb Lyb Ki Q wbqwgz Zvi KvbvWv AvMg bi msev ` nb fxz KvbvwWqvb nvbkwgkb evsjv ` ki Av Q mvc`xi me LuvRLeiI Av Q Zv `i Kv Q Kvb ZwiKvq wfmv w` jv KvbvWv mikvi? wnr nvb bm cj gvwu b e vl vuv `ikvi evsjv `wk Kgy wbwu Rvb Z GUv PvqdvÛv g Uvwj - U ivwi K vg b wfmv cvq? 126 KvbvWv wk mš vmx `i ^M ivr Z e? Gw jwý cj gvwu b Reve w` Z n e! KvbvWv Z i L e Zv K kw³ Av Q Kvi? ww c-v gwuk Pkgv Lyjyb KvbvWv mikvi! bb j Gme ag vü-rw½ev`x i AvMvgx Z KvbvWv ZB Ki e wgkb ïi! *5 XvKv ˆ`wbK Ômsev`Õ-G *6 `qv GK mv vrkv i KvbvWvi wewkó AvBbRxex, gvbevwakvi Av `vj bi kxl ch v qi bzv Ges Avš R vwzk wiwddwr AvBb we klá DBwjqvg k-vb ej jb, wek m úöö`vq hy vcivax `i wepv i evsjv `k K mwµq mn hvwmzvi Rb cö Z Z e GRb Kvh Ki D ` vm wb Z n e evsjv `k K we `wkiv wewfbœ Z_ -cögvy msmön K i, AvBwb I Avw_ K mn hvwmzv w` q mvnvh Ki Z cv i wkš wepvi Ki Z n e evsjv `k mikvi I evsjv ` ki gvbyl KB hlv b we `wk `i Kv bv nvz bb, _vkv DwPZI bq hy vciv ai wepv i evsjv `k mikv ii we kl U«vBey bvj MVb K HwZnvwmK c` c g b K i DBwjqvg k-vb e jb, hy vciv ai wepvi Am e wkqy bq... g~jz Aciv ai Z_ -cögvy Zy j AvbvB me P q KwVb KvR hy vciv ai wepv ii welqwu mikvi K mzk Zvi m ½ i Z w` q wb Z n e mikv ii wba vwiz gqv `i g a G wepvi m úbœ Ki Z bv cvi j MYZvwš K avivevwnkzvq mikvi cv ë M j ZLb msweavb cwiez b K i hy vciv ai wepvi eü K ii `Iqv n Z cv i ZvB PjwZ gqv `i g a B h_v_ Z_ -cögv Yi wfwë ZB hy vcivax `i wepvi wbwðz Ki Z n e hy i ci wepvi cöwµqv ïi Ki Z `xn mgq Kv bv bwzevpk cöfve ivl e wkbv Ggb cö kœi Rev e k-vb Rvbvb, Av R w Ubvq bv ej werqx GWjd c v ir BmKzBf 14 eqi c i wbh vz bi wei Awf hvm K i MZ mßv n wepvi c q Qb GLv b KZUv mgq wej ^ n jv mwu welq bq, welq n Q Av R w Ubv, wpwj, i qvûv, by igevm U«vqvj, K ^vwwqvq G RvZxq Aciv ai wepvi n q Q wøzxq wek hy i wepvi 70 eqi c i Kiv m e n j gvî Pvi `k Ki gv_vq evsjv ` k hy vcivax `i wepvi Kiv hv e bv Ggb K_vi Kv bv g~j bb XvKvq 20 Ryb 2010-G wzbwu msmvb Av qvwrz G msµvš GK wî-gnv `kxq m j b DËi Av gwikvi Rywi G mvwm qk bi mv ek cöavb A vuwb DBwjqvg k-vb AviI e j Qb,... g Zz `Ð bv w` q hw` hve¾xeb Kviv`Ð `q, mikvi cwiez bi m ½ m ½ mb AcivaxivI KvivMvi _ K ewi q Avm e, AZx Z GgbwU N U Q G Î Av ikwu welqi Av jvwpz n q Q, mwu n Q 127

65 evsjv ` ki mve fšg mëv Ges wbr ^ AvB bi avivevwnkzv hz Y ch š evsjv ` ki wepvi e e vq g Zz ` Ði weavb _vk e, ZZ Y ch š Zvi we ivwazv Kivi A_ n Q evsjv ` ki mve fšg mëv K Akª v Kiv KvbvWv KL bvb gvbezvwe ivax hy vcivax `i Rb wbivc` bq Av jvp jlv Ges k-v bi e³e _ KI hy vcivax `i Î KvbvWv I KvbvwWqvb `i ` wófw½ cöwzdwjz nq Z_ m~î: 1. Gwcwc, iquvm, wewewm, RyjvB 26, KvbvWvq hy vcivax/c ôv 140, cökvkk: `k-we `k cvewj KkÝ, KvbvWv AbjvBb mvßvwnk ` e½wj UvBgm, b f ^i 22, 2010, Ui Uv 4. WBwj mvb, RyjvB 14, 2006, jûb 5. cöev m iwpz cow³gvjv/jyrdi ingvb wiub, cökvkkt ^ie Äb, cökvkkvjt b f ^i 2005, XvKv c ˆ`wbK msev`, Ryb 24, 2010, XvKv 128 gvz fvlv RjRcÖZxK cöevmxiv ^ `k _ K `~ i _vk ji Zv `i AK wîg `k cög ewnwe k bvbvfv e ` ki fveg~wz K MŠi ev¾ j Ki Q KvbvWvq G ikg A bk e w³ Av Qb, hviv wewfbœ Î K wz Z i ^v i ivl Qb hgb m úööwz A UvwiIi DBìmi kn ii cövy K `ª Ôevsjv `k wcm K KÕ A_ vr Ôevsjv `k kvwš NwoÕ vcb K i ^ `k K gwngvwš^z Ki jb GK evovwj, hvi bvg Ave`yj AvwRR PŠayix 60 nvrvi Wjv i wbwg Z kn ii ID jwu GwfwbDi `wÿ Y Iq vb WwU mo Ki K `ª j AvKl Yxq mgqwby vqk kvwš Nwo Akvš c w_ex Z kvwš Avi m úöxwzi cözxk n q RqMvb MvB e *1 Zgwb KvbvWvi Av ik cöwfý weªwuk Kjw ^qvi f v¼yfv i kvfv cv Q evsjv ` ki K wzz Ôwj½yqv A vkzqvõ wj½yqv A vkzqv (Lingua Aqua) g~jz fv h, vcz, MÖvwd, AwWIwfRyqvj Ges RjZi ½i bv `wbk web vm Gi D ` v³v ms wzgbv Avwgbyj Bmjvg gvijv bvuk-mvb-kwezv-awfb qi cvkvcvwk wø Y Drmv n ïi Ki jb gvz fvlv gby g Ui KvR Zuvi jlv bvuk ÔGKz ki Dwbk wekõ-gi gva gb GB gby g Ui ^cœ hvîv Zvici 2006 mv ji 6 Ryb hvmv hvm ïi Ki jb vbxq mv i, weªwuk Kjw ^qv wcöwgqvi, GUwb Rbv ij, Ggwc, GgGj G Ges gvwëkvjpvivj ms vmg~ ni mv _ ïay ZvB bq, vbxq Avw`evmx _ K ïi K i bzzb cörb `ii welqwu AeMZ K i gnvb fvlv Av `vj bi Awe iyxq wpî Zz j a ib GB HwZnvwmK PZbv c w_exi µgk wejxqgvb A_P gnvg~j evb kz kz ey gvjv, fvlv, ms wz-hwzn euvwp q ivl Z i vkep wn m e ` óvš n Z cv i ZvQvov KvbvWv eûrvwz wgwkªz GKwU weij `k, hv mvsweavwbkfv e me RvwZi wbr ^ K wó, ˆewkó, AvPvi-Abyôv bi cöwz Mfxi kª vkxj ZvB GB gby g U wbg v Yi gva g KvbvWv we k i GB µvwš Kv j AMÖYx f~wgkv ivl Z m g gvijvi ^cœ K ev evq bi mn hvwmzv K i gv`vi j v½y qr gby g Umn mikvwi- emikvwi, gvwëkvjpvivj msmvbmg~n Gw` K 2007 mv ji 21 deªæqvwi weªwuk Kjw ^qvi 6wU wmwu h_vµ g f v¼zfvi, wipgû, mv i, wbd I q wgwb vi, b_ f v¼zfvi, ev b we GK hv M Avš R vwzk gvz fvlv w`em wn m e NvlYv K i Ges cöwz eqi GKzk D`hvc bi GKwU my` k mskjb cökv ki wm vš bq hvi gva g g~j fv M _vk e 52-Gi fvlv Av `vj bi knx `i K_v 129

66 wj½yqv A vkzqvi mvg b we `wkivi ÔKvbvWvq gvz fvlv gby g U: ^cœ`ªóv Avwgbyj Bmjvg gvijvõ kxl K GK jlvq Avjx Avkivd bzy bi cöwz e`b _ K Rvbv hvq, vbxq cî-cwîkvq Avwgby ji fvlv gby g Ui cwikíbv, bkkv, wbg v Yi wel q e vck RbgZ, msev` I mg_ b ˆZwi nq me Î Av jvpbv I mg_ bi cwi cöw Z mv i wmwu RbwcÖq Ges meyr Niv weqvi wµk cv K cö vwez gv`vi j v½y qr gby g U wbg v Yi Rb GKLÐ RvqMv cö`v bi NvlYv `q Zvici `icî AvnŸvb Kiv nq 11wU `ic Îi g a 3wU evqvb I mgš^q K i 1 jvl 30 nvrvi ev RU aiv nq h bkkvi bc _ KvR Ki Q mvbgb d«mvi fvwm wui B Uvi A vw±f AvU A vû UK bvjwr wefvm *2 Gw` K 2008 mv j mv i wmwu KvbvWvi KvjPvivj K vwcuvj wn m e NvwlZ nq Ges vbxq ms wz PP vi Rb mikvi 8 jvl Wjvi eivï K i hv cy ivuvb hy³ nq Av jvp gby g Ui ev R U ïi nq wbg vykvr Ges Zv D Øvab nq 11 RyjvB 2009-G D Øvabx Abyôv b evsjvi `yb fvlv mwbk iwdkzj Bmjvg, Ave`ym mvjvg QvovI wpîki gvb Kj wdwj gvwbdr, Ggwc K vwg vb wmwu KvDwÝji RywW wf jwb, AvU KvDwÝji wkjv g vkwkbb Dcw Z wq jb Kwe Zzlvi Mv qb G m ú K wj L Qb, bv `wbkzvq mg G vcz wbg v Y AZ vaywbk cöhyw³ e eüz n q Q wj½yqv A vkzqv `L Z GKwU QvU c vwfwjqb ev QvDwbi g Zv hv `y Uv RjcÖevn K A½xf~Z K i, GKwU n Q Gi g Si 130 mgz j AvqZvKvi Rjvavi (pool); Ab wu n jv Gi Qv` _ K wb Pi Rjvavi Aewa gy LvgywL cöjw ^Z `ywu Sibvaviv hv wb Pi GB Rjvavi _ KB Rj msmön K i I Dr m wdwi q wb q Av m A_ vr wimvbwk s qi gva g cöwµqvwu Pvjy _v K cvk -Ai Y i Nb meyr cwi e k g `yg ` evzv mi ú k gg i aÿwb Z e q Pjv Rjvavi Avi Sibvi Aweivg Rj cz bi kã gvz M f wkïi Ae vbkvjxb kãvemvn bi wz K RvwM q Zyj Z Pvq RjvaviwUi wvk wb P i q Q Rjwb ivak GKwU wfwwi hv Z ikw Kiv Av Q cövq 100 ` ki wewfbœ fvlvi Abyôvb hv `k K R ji fzi _ K wfwwi gwbu i `L Z cvb wfwwi cövmövgwu Ggbfv e Kiv n q Q hv Z Kv bv wbw` ó fvlv Mvôxi gvby liv RjvaviwUi mvg b G m `uvwo q wkqy Y K_v ej j, wfwwiwu Zv `i e eüz fvlvi ms KZ AbymiY K i IB fvlv ZB c~ e aviyk Z Abyôvb m úöpvi ïi K i `q `Lv hvq wewfbœ RvwZ Mvôxi wbr ^ K _vck_ bi fw½ I bvbv Awfe w³ hv K vravcmn K v givi wewfbœ A v ½ j ` k gvb nq wj½yqv A vkzqvi KvVv gvwu eû wq`ªhy³ PviwU duvcv avze wcjv ii Dci `uvwo q Av Q Ges GB wcjvi jvi wfz i ivlv Av Q AwWI e e v hvi gva g wfwwi-m úöpvwiz Abyôv bi kãvewj kªvzvi Kv b cušqvq wcjv ii Mv q wq`ª jv Avm j braille (wq`ª K i jlv A i I kã hv AÜ gvbyl úk K i co Z cv i) c wz Z jlv fvlv m úwk Z wkqy D wz hv c w_exi wewfbœ mvs wzk AÂj _ K msmön Kiv n q Q wcjvi jvi Af š i Qv `i Zjvq mshy³ n q Q Avqbv hv Rjvav i cöwzwew ^Z wewfbœ RvwZ- Mvôxi gvby li gyl Qwe I wfwwi-m úööpvwiz Abyôv bi ` k vewj cöwzdwjz K i Ges m wó nq Ae jvk bi we q I Avb ` `k Kiv GKB m ½ ` Lb Zv `i AeqeMZ wfbœzv I ˆewPÎ, Abyfe K ib cvkvcvwk `uvwo q _vkvi Aš i½zv I HK wcjv ii Af š i em vk wzi Qv` `yõw` K ek wkqyuv m úömvwiz n q k~ b Sz j _v K hv Kv Pi ˆZwi Ges Gi Dc i Lvw`Z (engraved) Av Q wewfbœ fvlvi eû A i úó iš`ªv jv K Lvw`Z GB A ii Qvqv Zvi wb P Kswµ Ui g Si Dci wm q c o Ges m wó K i H `ªRvwjK Qvqv-eY gvjv GKB Z j cöwzdwjz e I ey gvjvi Qvqv hymcr g~z K i cök wz I mf Zvi bvw `cvv! *3 GB wj½yqv A vkzqv me fvlv, ms wz I RvwZi cözxk wn m e `y wz Qov e wek evmx G m `uvwo q nq Zv GK wgwbu bxiezvi cvjb Ki e mrb Avwgbyj Bmjvg gvijv K ab ev` Z_ m~î: 1. mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, A ±vei 06, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 2. gvwmk cokxi 9g el 6 msl v Avwk b 1416, gvwk b hy³ivó«3. Avš R vwzk gvz fvlv w`em i Y vcbv wkí : wj½yqv A vkzqv/ ˆ`wbK B ËdvK, deªæqvwi 8, 2011, XvKv 131

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69 mdi n jv i Z nxb Kb? evsjv ` ki ciivó«gš x `xcy gwb 1 A ±vei 2010-G (wøzxqevi mikvwi md i G mwq jb 13 deªæqvwi Z) K qk NÈvi SwUKv md i KvbvWvq Av mb, e w³mz md i cö UvKj Qvov gš xi mdi wb q wewfbœ gn j bwzevpk wezk ïi n q Q cö_gz: wzwb mikv ii GKRb ciivó«gš x n qi KvbvWv mikv ii Kv bv ch v q Kv iv mv _B `Lv mv vr K ibwb GgbwK Uwj dv bi hvmv hvm K ibwb wøzxqz: hv `i mv _ `Lv K i Qb, dv b K_v e j Qb Ges ˆbk fv R hvm w` q Q, Zviv mevb we ivax `j A_ vr wjev ij cvwu i WcywU wcöwgqvi, Ggwc, Ggwcwc, bz e ` KvbvWvi mikvwi ` ji mv _ hlb we ivax ` ji mikvi czb Av `vj b we iva Pj Q, ZLb G ai bi AK U bwzk Kg KvÐ `y ` ki Rb B weeªzki bq Kx? Z ZxqZ: wezwk Z ivó«`~z GqvKye Avjx mv ne Kv bv mikvwi ` ji gš x ev mikv ii mv _ hvmv hvm K i GKUv mycwikwíz K U bwzk ch v q Abyôv bi e e v bv K i, e w³mzfv e fvrmfvi Av qvrb Ki jb ZvB wezwk Z ivó«`~ Zi `vwqz I ` Zv wb qi cökœ Zy j Q AwfÁgnj PZy_ Z: ciivó«gš xi GB mdi GZB Mvcb ivlv n jv h, Zvi `j AvIqvgx jx Mi bz e `I AeMZ bb d j ` ji Z vmx bzvkg xiv yä n q Qb câgz: gš xi md ii Lei cö_ g Kv bv wgwwqv KI Rvbv bv nqwb wzwb Ui Uv Z vm Kivi ci `~Zvevm bq, Z Zxqc A_ vr WcywU wcöwgqvi w _vig v bi e w³mz mnkvix GB mwpî msev`wu B- gb j evsjv wgwwqv K AeMZ K ib GUvI Kv bv K U bwzk ixwzbxwzi g a c o bv dkxi Ave`yi iv¾vk mrb B wj L Qb, ÔKvbvWv evsjv ` ki Ab Zg fvj eüzivó«kvbvwv KL bv wez K Rovqwb, KL bv Kv bv PvcI `qwb... `xcy gwb wbðqb KwP-KuvPvi Avm ii m`m bb,... Zey Kb jy KvPzwi Lj jb! *10 g b nq `xcy gwb GL bv ÔLywK gwbõb i q M Qb ÔcÖavbgš x kl nvwmbv MZKvj (A ±vei 19, 2010) wzb wenv Kwi Wvi w` q `nmövg-av½i cvzv wqugn j hvb... G mgq ` ki ciivó«gš x `uvwo q `uvwo q Qwe Zyj Qb... wzwb Av jvwpz n q Qb d UvMÖvdvi wn m e...gi Av M GKevi we ` ki gvwu Z wzwb mevi bri Kv ob A UvMÖvd wkkvwi wn m e 2010 mv ji Rvbyqvwi Z cöavbgš x kl nvwmbv w`wj- md i hvb IB md i cöavbgš x K Bw `iv MvÜx cyi vi `qv nq, fvi Zi ivó«cwz cöwzfv cvwzj ivó«cwz fe b IB cyi vi cö`vb K ib IB Abyôv b `xcy gwb K `Lv Mj A UvMÖvd wkkvwi 136 wn m e mb fiv grwj m mevb `L jb evsjv ` ki ciivó«gš x cöwzfv cvwzj, mvwbqv MvÜx Ges W. gb gvnb wms ni A UvMÖvd msmön Ki Qb ciivó«gš x mw`b A UvMÖvd jv wb q wq jb Avgš Yc Îi IciÕ *11 gvneye wgvz ÔA UvMÖvd wkkvwi ciivó«gš x!õ kxl K GK jlvq mgv jvpbv K i wj L Qb- mikvwi UvKvq we `k åg Y wm q A b K hgb kwcs q e _v Kb, Dwb Zgb e _v Kb we k i eo eo bzv bîxi m ½ Qwe Zvjvq wzwb bvwk ivó«xq md ii mgq GKUv e w³mz K v giv mv _ iv Lb... GgbwK wzwb A UvMÖvd wb ZI ek LvwbKUv ivó«xq Kv Ri mgq e q K i d jb Gfv e A UvMÖvd msmön... Zvjvi Avb ` we fvi _vk j mb me wewkó e w³i wec K U bwzk Uwe j ` ki ^v_ evwm q Avb eb Kxfv e?...`xcy gwbi e w³mz Qwei A vjevg wel vz jvk `i mv _ Zvjv Qwe Z mg n ji ` ki ^v _ i Svjv cy ivuvb ej Z M j duvkv *12 GLb Zvi `dzi e`jv bvi K_v DV Q ZvB, RvZxq cöm K v ei GK Abyôv b W. L `Kvi gvkviid nv mb ÔLyKz gwbõi wkïmyjf AvPiY e j e j Qb, Ô`xcy gwb wb RB wek vm Ki Z cvi Qb bv h wzwb ciivó«gš x n q QbÕ *13 hvb nvk, KvbvWvq gš xi GB e w³mz md i nv Uj kivu bi wej w` q Q `~ZvevmÑ wkš Kb? GUv Zv Zuvi ivó«xq mdi bq! *14 evsjv `k QvU `k n Z cv i, wkš gh v`vi w`k w` q MŠi ev¾ j v b Ae vb Ki Q GB Zv gvî Kw`b Av MB cöavbgš x kl nvwmbv RvwZms N evsjvq fvly w` q RvwZms Ni `vdzwik fvlv wn m e evsjv K Pvjy Kivi cö ve `b Avkv Kwi, GB ỳ ª D`vniYwU GLv b h _ó ` óv š i ^v i enb K i Avi Avgv `i ciivó«gš x ewnwe k ` ki gh v`v Ges fveg~wz K ÿzyœ Ki jb Z_ m~î: 1. evsjvwbdr Uv qw U dvi.kg, A ±vei 08, 2011, XvKv 2. ˆ`wbK evsjv `k cöwzw`b, m Þ ^i 15, 2010, XvKv 3. ˆ`wbK Avgvi `k, Rvbyqvwi 6, 2010, XvKv 4. ˆ`wbK Avgvi `k, b f ^i 02, 2011, XvKv 5. ˆ`wbK bqv w`mš, b f ^i 11, 2011, XvKv 6. ˆ`wbK gvbe Rwgb, b f ^i 18, 2011, XvKv 7. ˆ`wbK evsjv `k cöwzw`b, ww m ^i 27, 2011, XvKv 8. ˆ`wbK evsjv `k cöwzw`b, b f ^i 24, 2011, XvKv 9. A ±vei 05, RvZxq ˆ`wbK, XvKv 10. ˆ`wbK msev`, A ±vei 17, 2009, XvKv 11. ˆ`wbK Avgvi `k, A ±vei 20, 2010, XvKv 12. evsjvwbdr Uv qw U dvi.kg, b f ^i 28, 2011, XvKv 13. evsjvwbdr Uv qw U dvi.kg, A ±vei 17, 2011, XvKv 14. ˆ`wbK evsjv `k cöwzw`b, A ±vei 04, 2009, XvKv 137

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71 `~Zvevm _ K cvwj q hviqv Kg KZ v/kg Pvix `i Rb bvwum BqvKze Avjx mv ne A_P wzwb bvwk gyw³ hv v gyw³ hv vi KvUvq BqvKze Avjx PvKwii gqv` 2 eqi evwo q evsjv `k K 2 eqi wcwq q `qv n q Q Avgv `i AvBbgš x Avi ciivó«gš xi aviyv b~i K wdwi q bqvi e vcv i BqvKze Avjxi cö qvrb Awbevh A_P Zvi f~wgkv hgb wezwk Z, Zgwb Zvi h_v_ hvm Zv wb q cökœ Zy j Q wewfbœ gnj Ôm `nfvrbõ wn m e ^qs vbxq AvIqvgx jxmb Zv K KvbvWv _ K cöz vnv ii `vwe Zy jwqj *4 G wb q `k-we ` ki cî-cwîkvq jlv jwli n q Q cöpyi ivrv hvq ivbx Av m, ivrkzgvix Av m Lv j`v-dli wïb-nvwmbvi gzvi cwiez b nq wkš wzwb K U bwzk ÒgI`ỳ Ó n q wq jb, Av Qb Ges _vk eb! kvbv hv Q, wezwk Z GB nvbkwgkbvi K Avev iv Av iv 2 eq ii Rb wb qvm `qvi K_v hv KvbvWv cöevmx evovwj `i g a LyeB weiƒc cöwzwµqv m wó n Q Zv K Avev iv hw` wb qvm `qv nq, Zv n j Zvi A hvm Zvi Kvi Y evsjv `k Avev iv 2 eqi wcwq q hv e Zvi wemz w` bi Kvh µ gi hrmvgvb Av jvkcvz Ki j Zv, úó n e `~Zvevm _ K ivr bwzk Avkªq! e vsk w ªU _ K KÕgvm Av M `~Zvevm vbvš wiz n q Q 340 AvjevU w «Ui 12 Zjvq Avgiv nuvu Z nuvu Z Mjvg wm qb av v Ljvg gvwmk mv o PŠÏ 140 nvrvi Wjv i ez gvb Awdm fvov bqv n q Q A_P evsjv ` ki RvZxq czvkv Dov bvi e e v bb gyýx ekx ii bz Z gw U«q ji bzvkg x wiwmck b ej jb, dv m µuvwi Gg`v`Dj-vn wgqv mv ne Av Qb wkbv? `~Zvev mi wnrve civ gwnjv bvwn` AvLZvi wg _ ej jb, wzwb Awd m bb ZLb K GKRb Rvbv jv, GBgvÎ Zuvi mv _ dv b K_v n q Q mv _ mv _B ewi q G jb Gg`v` wgqv Ges wzwb mevb K wb q XyK jb nvbkwgkbvi Rbve BqvKze Avjxi K Gg`v` mve 2-3 evi Avgv K nvbkwgkbv ii K Ges Ae k l Zvi K hviqvi Aby iva Ki jb Avwg ab ev` Rvwb q Uwe j ivlv Ôevsjv `k M RUÕ cwo Zvi Dc i bvwum ev W `wl- d UvKwc Kiv `ywu wpwv! GKwU ÔAwf hvmbvgvõ [GwW-wc (2)-2266 Ask, Zvs 10 Rvbyqvwi 2010] Ab wu KviY `k v bvi bvwum [GwW-wc , Zvs 10 Rvbyqvwi 2010] XvKv _ K cvwv q Qb h_vµ g gnvcwipvjk cökvmb Ave`yj nvb Ges ciivó«mwpe wgrvi j Kv qm Awf hvm, `~Zvev mi `yb e w³mz Kg KZ v e ov I bovb ji kl gvrvddi nv mb Ges GgG AvmMi ÔKg j Aby gvw`z Abycw ZÕ A_ vr Zviv `~Zvevm _ K cvwj q wb LuvR n q M Qb Ges `yõrbb ivr bwzk Avkªq wb q Qb! G e vcv i nvbkwgkbvi K cökœ Kiv n j wzwb cö_ g we q cökvk K i cvëv cökœ K ib, ZvB bvwk? c i cö_ gv³ gvrvddi nv m bi K_v wkqyb Rv bb bv e j Rvbvb, Z e AvmMi K Kvq iv Z e`wj Kiv n q Q hw` KD wd i bv hvq ev ivr bwzk Avkªq bq Zvn j nvbkwgkbv ii Kivi wkqyb bb GLb cökœ n Q, wzwb wkqyb Rv bb bv, Zvn j bvwum ev W Kxfv e Zv wvkb Szjv bv n jv? *5 wek m~ Î Rvbv M Q, GgG AvmMi K K qk gvm Awd m XyK Z `qv nqwb c i wzwb KvbvWvi ciivó«gš Yvj q wjwlz Awf hvmi K i Qb wkš cökœ n Q- G ai bi bwzevpk mikvwi Mvcb wpwv bvwum ev W Kb? G Z Kx evsjv ` ki fveg~wz bó n Q bv! f`ª jvk Gg`v` K cökœ Kiv n j, wzwb Kv bv Reve bv w` q ïay nvm jb c i Gg`v` mv ne G m A UvwiI AvÕjx Mi mfvcwz Ges mvaviy m úv`k h_vµ g dvi Kx nvmvb, Aveyj Kv `i wgjy Ges Avgv K nvbkwgkbv ii K wb q M jb Xy K `wl- Kbdv iý Uwe j gw U«q ji bzvkg xiv bvbvb welq wb q K_v ej Qb, wkqyuv ZK Ki Qb, Avi Zvi Kov KvD Uvi w` Qb BqvKze Avjx! AvwgI PycPvc emjvg Ryb 9, 2009-G Ui Uv Z bv ej cyi vicövß W. gyn ` BDb~ mi msea bv Abyôv b nvbkwgkbv ii Bs iwr e³ Zv ï b evovwjivb n m Qb! Gevi Zuvi evsjv ï b Avgv `ii nvwm cj A Uvqv `~Zvevm wb q gw U«qjevmxi g Zv Ui Uvevmxi Awf hv Mi kl bb Ui Uv Z GLb nvrvi evsjv `wk RbmsL v, A Uvqv _ K Ui Uvi `~iz, 141

72 BZ vw` we epbv K i ^vfvwekfv eb GLv b GKwU Kbmyjvi Awdm cö qvrb `~Zvev mi c c w_exi wøzxq e nëi `k KvbvWvq GKwU gvî Awd mi gva g me mvgvj `qv wkqyuv KwVbI hgb, f v¼zfv ii mv _ mg qi `~iz B wzb/mv o wzb NÈv ZvQvov GKB nvbkwgkbvi K Av iv AwZwi³ 4wU ` ki `vwqz cvjb Ki Z nq m jv n Q- Av R w Ubv, fwbry qjv, RvgvBKv Ges wkdev AwfÁ gn ji cökœ, whwb KvbvWvB mvgvj w` Z wngwkg Lvb, wzwb Kxfv e AwZwi³ Av iv 4wU ` ki evowz `vwqz cvjb Ki eb? g b coj, nvbkwgkbv ii mv _ g bvgvwj b i Rb gqv` DËxY niqvi Av MB WcywU nvbkwgkbvi gwbi j Bmjvg K wd i h Z n q Q gš Yvj q GKB cöwµqvq wb Ri c K Ui cqmvq wuwku K U wd i h Z n q Q cö_g mwpe Bdivb kixd KI ÔLywb `i i vq m Pó _vkvi Awf hvmõ grvi e vcvi, nvbkwgkbv ii mv _ wemz 8-9 gvm a i Uwj dv b eûevi K_vevZ v n ji wzwb Avgv K e w³mzfv e P bb bv A_P b~i PŠayixi msev`, Zuv K wb q a~gªrvj m wói wg_ v msev`, cöpvi-accöpvi msµvš cöpyi wbdr cvwv qwq Avgv `i mg q, Kv ji K É Kjvg wj LwQ ˆ`wbK B Ëdv KI A_P vbxq AvIqvgx jxm, wegbwcmn KwgwbDwUi jvkrb Zuvi AvPi Y ÿzä KviY: 1 ÔLywb `i i vq m Pó _vkvi Awf hvmõ-gkwu ivr bwzk `j MZ 22 b f ^i Õ09-G Ui Uv Kveve nvd mi GK mfvq Zuvi cöz vnv ii `vwe Rvwb q Q 2 Ui Uv GKwU AbjvBb mvßvwn K 25 b f ^i 1909-G cökvwkz n q Q hvi wk ivbvg wqjñ ÔKvbvWvi nvbkwgk bi wei e e vi bqvi `vwe Õ 3 jûb BD K wewwwbdr MZ 19 ww m ^i 1909-G wk ivbvg K iwqjñ Ôb~i PŠayix K wbqv KvbvWv nvbkwgkbv ii jy KvPzwi Õ 4 vbxq GKvwaK mvßvwnk wj L QÑ Ôb~i PŠayix K wb q A Uvqv nvbkwgkbvi BqvKze Avjxi weåvš Ki Z_ cö`vb Ges wbw Œq f~wgkv wb q cökœ D V Q Õ *6 5 XvKvi GKwU RvZxq ˆ`wb Ki wi cv U nvbkwgkbv ii f~wgkv, A ^ QZv, A úózv Ges MvwdjwZi K_v D j-l K i Q *7 mv vrcöv_ xiv `~Zvev mi mev mvwf m m ú K Rvb Z PvB j gvbbxq nvbkwgkbvi e jb, 1981 mv j KvbvWvi evsjv `wk Awfevmx wqj nvrvi Avi Kg KZ v wqj Rb (Zvi g a 3-4 Rb Ab ` ki hgb wdwjwc bv, kªxj¼v, mvd_ Avwd«Kvb, cvwk vwb GLv b hw` evsjv `wk `i wb qvm `qv nq; Zvn j ` ki K qkwu cwievi DcK Z nq ) GLb Awfevmx jv Li KvQvKvwQ Kg KZ vi msl v Zv ev owb ZviciI KvR Kivi Póv KiwQ! mv vrcöv_ x `i bzv ej jb, Avcwb mikvi K welqwu Rvbvb BwZc~ e gš x g nv`q Zv e j M Qb... K_v kl bv n ZB nvbkwgkbvi ej jb, gš xiv Zv A bk wkqyb e j hvb! GK `vwqz evb EaŸ Zb mikvwi Kg KZ vi gy L G ai bi J Z c~y K_v ï b Dcw Z mevb AevK! mv vrcöv_ xiv gw U«q j mev mvwf m `qvi mgq `~Zvev mi Kbmyjvi biixb Avnmv bi ( RvU mikv ii ciivó«gš x gvi k` Lv bi NwbôRb) wei bgª my i Awf hvm Ki j nvbkwgkbvii ej jb, Avgvi mv _ Avcbviv Lvivc e envi Ki eb Avi Avwg Pzc K i _vke? AvwgI e e v be! gvbbxq nvbkwgkbv ii GB cöwz kvag~jk K_vq mevb wkqyuv ÿzä n jb! ÿzäzvi mv _B bzvkg xiv ej jb, Ui Uv-gw U«qj mev mvwf mi ZvwiL cwîkvq Ges KwgwbDwUi msmvb jv K Rvbv j mywe a nq ZLb nvbkwgkbvi ej jb, GK msmvb K Rvbv j Ab msmvb gvbû K i Avgiv Zv Kie bv Avi vbxq evsjv cwîkv Kq Kwc Qvcv nq, K c o IB me? cwîkv jv Zv ïay Ui Uv Qvov KvbvWvi Avi Kv_vI cviqv hvq bv `~Zvevm MÖvnK n qi Avb Z cv iwb Avgiv Avgv `i I q e w`w Q, gmwr ` gmwr ` weáwß w`w Q, MÖvmvwi Z w`w Q, GgbwK Avwg Pzj KvU Z wm q mjy bi K_v e jwq h, `~Zvev mi mev mvwf mi weáwß Uvwb q `e mlv b ^vgx- x N i e m Kw úduv i cwîkv K i Zv Z w` j wk jvf? GKRb ejj, gmwr ` ev mjy b w` Qb fv jv K_v Zvi P q cwîkvq w` j fv jv nq! GKch v q BqvKze mve e jb, Avwg Ui Uv Lye AcQ ` Kwi A_P Ui Uv ZB me P q ewk cöevmx evovwji emevm G ai bi K_v ï b dvi Kx, wgjy Ges Avwg ci ú ii w` K ZvKvB gw U«q ji gyýx ekxi `vwe Rvbv jb h, cöevmx `i Kv Q hb bv-wfmv wd bv bqv nq Av Mi nvbkwgkbvi Zv wd bqvi c wz evwzj K iwq jb nvbkwgkbvi Rev e ej jb, GUv Avwg cvwi bv wzwb AvBb m Z KvR K ibwb AwWU n j Zuv K me UvKv diz w` Z n e Avcbv `i `vwe Avwg mikvi K Rvbve Av Mi gikz di K_vI AeMZ Kiv ev wgwbu ci Avgiv Zuvi K _ K ewi q Avm Z Avm Z wgjy fvb ej jb, Gi P q Lywb gvkzv Ki cyî iwdkzj Bmjvg (c~e Zb nvbkwgkbvi) A bk ewk f`ª webqx wq jb! mv ek fvicövß ivó«`~z gvmỳ L `Kv ii mybvgi GLb mevi gy L gy L K GKRb dvb K i nvbkwgkbv ii mv _ K_v ej Z PvB jb Af _ bv K _ K mb f`ª gwnjv Avev iv wg _ v K_v ej jbñ Ôm vi bvgvr co Qb Õ A_P Avgiv Zuvi K _ K ei jvg K qk m KÛ c~ e! Avgiv gwnjvi Ôwg _ Õ K_v

73 ï b XzKjvg Avi Ôwg _ Õ K_v ïb Z ïb Z `~Zvevm _ K ewi q Gjvg ZLb g b cökœ RvM jv, RvU mikv ii ciivó«gš x gvi k` Lv bi AvZ xq, GB wnrve civ gwnjv K Kx wg_ v ejvi Rb `~Zvev m ivlv n q Q? Avi fvejvg, nvbkwgkbv ii K_v jvñ K) gš xiv Zv A bk K_vB e j hvb! L) Avcbviv Lvivc e envi Ki eb, Avgiv Pzc _vke? M) ^vgx- xi AbjvB bi KvM Ri P q mjy b weáwß `qv fv jv N) Avwg Ui Uv AcQ ` Kwi O) `~Zvev m RvZxq czvkv Dov bvi Kv bv e e v bb! `~Zvev mi mjykvm `~Zvevm Avi `~Z `i m ú K h_v_ e j Qb ARq `vk ßÑ Ô cöwiz `~Z Avi hvb nvk ivr`~z nq bv, `~Zvev mi wmöje gv bi fvebvñ Avgiv AvwQ aiv Quvqvq evb i d j Ôû Kqvm Õ? KvR Ki Z B QyK, mvaviy evsjv `wk `i cv k `uvov Z B QyK Kg KZ v-kg Pvixi msl vb ewk wkš Zviv Amnvq; cöwµqvi wkkvi `~Zvevm jv wb R `i wb qb fv jv Av Q, cöevmx evsjv `wk `i cvm cvu bevqb, wmj Qvài gviv ZB Zv `i Avb ` Kv bv evsjv `wk QvÎ bv L q gi jv, Kvb evovwj Avkªqnxb n q BZvwj, d«vý, A «wjqvq wb`ªvnxb ivz KvUv jv Zvi Lei ivlvi mgq bb Kv iv mevi Ic i h KZ c A_ vr mikvi ZvivI R M Ny gvq, mwz mjykvm eo wewpî Õ *8 Lywb Avi hy vcivax `i wb q werq w`em! Awf hvm i q Q, wezwk Z GB nvbkwgkbvi e½eüzi Lywb `i mv _ ˆeVK K i Qb, werq Drme cvjb K i Qb hy vcivax ivrvkvi `i wb q! ZvB Zuvi wei A Uvqv AvIqvgx jxmmn ÿzä cöevmxiv cöavbgš x kl nvwmbvi Kv Q deªæqvwi 24, 2009-G MY ^v wiz wpwvi w` q Qb *9 Zv Z Zviv Awf hvm K i Qt Meeting and maintaining very colse reltion with the killers of ours Father of the nation: *We, the citizen of Bangladesh, feel very upset and sad when we saw the representative of the Govermment Mr. Yakub Ali had a meeting with the killers of `Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman` Lt. Cor (Rtd.) Noor Chowdhury and Capt. (Rtd.) Nazmul Hossain Answer in the Embassy premises next day of Edu-ul-Fitr 2008, wpwv Z Zviv Av iv D j-l K i Qb h, nvbkwgkbvi hy vcivax ivrvkvi-avj 144 e`i `ii werq w`em A_ vr 16 ww m ^i 2008-G Zuvi evmfe b wbgš Y Rvwb q Avc vqb K ib *Meeting with the people who were against the spirit of our liberation war and the the people allied with Jamaet-E-Islam who are funding the money for terrorist attacksin Bangladesh. *9 gyw³ hv v bvwk hy vcivax `i c ô cvlk ˆ`wbK B Ëdv K Ô`~i `kõ Kjv g Ôgyw³hy KvbvWvi f~wgkvõ kxl K Avgvi GKwU jlv Qvcv nq *10 Zvi Rb `~Zvev mi Kv Q wkqy Z_ Rvb Z PvB hgb: 1970 Ges 1971 mv j K nvbkwgkbvi wq jb, 1971 mv j KvbvWvi f~wgkv msµvš Kv bv Z_ `~Zvev m Av Q wkbv, gyw³hy wb q Kv bv ebcî Av Q wkbvñ BZ vw`i Kv bv Z_ B ez gvb nvbkwgkbvi w` Z cv ibwb A_P wzwb bvwk GKRb gyw³ hv v GLb Zv K wn i Av Q ivrvkvi `~Zvev mi I qemvb U Xy KI `Lv M Q Ki Y Ae v 2-1wU ` óvš Zy j aiwq, ez gvb nvbkwgkbvi wb Ri Qwe Qvov ÔIiv 11 RbÕ A_ vr c~e Zb 11 Rb nvbkwgkbv ii Qwe bb I q e evsjv ` ki msev`c Î `Lv M Q, gšjev`x cwîkvi Ae vb kx l BbwKjve, wøzxq v b ˆ`wbK msmövg (A_P nvbkwgkbvi mv ne GKRb exigyw³ hv v Zvn j Kx Zvi PvKwii gqv` e w Kiv n q Q hy vcivax `i c ô cvlkzv Kivi Rb?)! vbxq evsjv wbdr ccv ii mwvk ZvwjKv bb, wjski bb `yõeqi Av M eü n q hviqv Ôevsjv wi cvu viõ Av Q, A_P evrv i i q Q Ggb RbwcÖq mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, mvßvwnk AvRKvj cöf wz cwîkvi bvg MÜI bb KvbvwWqvb g~javivi cwîkvi ÎI cövq GKB wpî! Ui Uv Z evsjv `k m Uvi mw wjz GKzk D`hvcb KwgwU 65 msmv bi mgš^ q 2 w`be vcx Avš R vwzk gvz fvlv w`em cvj bi Rb Zuv K cöavb AwZw_i Avgš Y Rvbv j wzwb m wz `b Zv cîcwîkvq QvcvI nq *11 145

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82 D`y Z C `i bvgvr GKv ji C`, mkv ji C`/MÖv gi C`, kn ii C`/ QvU ejvi C`- G ai bi jlv cövq cöwz eqib C` msl v jv Z hzœ K i Qvcv nq A bk eqi Av M ˆ`wbK fv ii KvM R wj LwQjvg- Avb `i C `i wecix Z e`bvi, wei ³i, weo ^bvi C` wb q Gevi Ô ^ ` ki C`, we ` k C`Õ jlvwu wjl Z wm q mb me K_v g b coj ^ ` k C `i welq-avmq, Av gr-avb ` m ú~y Avjv`v h dzidz i Avb `i XD me ÎB Qwo q _v K mviv ` k Avi we ` k-wefzub q A_ vr cöev m Zv G Kev ib e wzµg A bkuv N i N i C `i Drme mxgve mxgve msl vjny gymwjg m úöö`v qi g a B Zvi g a gymwjg m úöö`v q i q Q bvbvb RvwZ d j evsjv `wkiv ev cvwk Ívwb wksev AvdMvwbiv wfbœ wfbœfv e C` D`hvcb K i A_ vr GLv b wbr wbr RvwZmËv KvR K i Aek wkqyuv e wzµgi i q Q PbvRvbv cwiwpz Ab RvwZi mv _I C `i ï f Qv, C `i Avb ` wewbgq nq Zvi msl v mvgvb Avevi mgm vi i q Q hgb D`y Z C `i bvgvr cov...gw U«q j cvwk vwb ÔBgvg mv ne ev Bgvg mv ne `i ZjwcevnKiv LyZev ev hvezxq Bb «vkkb D` y Z w` Z _v Kb Ges G-I ` L AvmwQ GB eqi a i cöwzwu Rvgv Z GB we kl ` ki gymwjøiv C` ev Kvievwb m ú K d Zvqv w` Qb D` y Z cöwz eqib Gi cöwzev` Kiv n Q evsjv `wk `i Zid _ K nvk Avi we k i Ab gymwjg ` ki m`m `i Zid _ KB nvk bv Kb cöwzev` Kiv n Q wkš eq ii ci eqi a i GKB Kvq`v P j Avm Q *1 GKevi Zv ixwzg Zv Pg K `qvi NUbv N U Q KvbvWvq cö_g gwnjv Bgvg gwiqg wgr v 2004 mv ji 14 b f ^i C`yj wdz ii bvgv R BgvgwZ K ib hv mviv wek msev` wk ivbvg m wó K i *2 Z iv nvrvi gvbj `~ i w`bivwîi ZviZ g i Kvi Y ewki fvm ÎB ` k Av Mi w`b Ges cöev m c ii w`b C` cvwjz nq d j cöevmxiv `yõw`bb Avb ` Dc fvm K i dv b gb j ^Rb `i LuvRLei bq `yõw`bb C`Uv K mgvbfv e kqvi K i wewfbœfv e Dcnvi cöiy K i, ï f Qv wewbgq K i ^ ` ki cöwz, kk oi cöwz GB bvwoi Uv b ïay ü`q w` qb Abyfe Kiv hvq, wj L Zv c~y v½ fvlvq cökvk Kiv hvq bv 162 C `i ï f Qv wewbgq Ki Qb A UvwiIi wcöwgqvi g vk qw U ÔC` msl v : cövwß-cöz vkvõ kxl K GK jlvq dli ¾vgvb PŠayix wj L Qb- ÔUi Uvi wewfbœ nvuevrv i cöevmx evovwj `i wfo `L j gv Sg a g b nq, wjuj evsjv ` kb AvwQ KvbvWvi ivravbx A Uvqvq Av Qb jyrdi ingvb wiub...wiub ej jb, C ` A bk wkqyb GLv b cvb bv cviqvi K_vI bq Z e A bk wkqyi g a I me P q h wrwb mi Afve Zv K cöwzwbqz Zvov K i eovq, Zv n jv C` msl v jvõ *3 cöev m C `i bvgvr AbywôZ nq gmwr ` ev Lvjv gv V Aek B Zv wbf i K i AvenvIqv Avi FZyi Dci Ui Uvmn mviv KvbvWvq wecyj Drmvn-DÏxcbvq gymwjg m úö`vq `yõw`be vcx cweî C`yj dzi cvjb K i GKBfv e A Uvqv, gw U«qj, K vjmwi, mvmkvpyqvb, f v¼yfv ii C` D`hvwcZ nq `~Zvev m Av qvrb Kiv nq C `i cybwg jbx Ui Uvi W vb dv_ Aay wlz evovwjcvovq W Uwbqv cv K me P q eo C `i RvgvZ AbywôZ nq G Qvov evqzyj gvkviig I evqzyj Avgvb gmwr ` Av iv `ywu C `i bvgvr AbywôZ nq G Z wecyjmsl K cöevmx Ask bb C `i bvgv Ri ci h_vixwz evsjv `wk Av g R KvjvKzwji gva g ï f Qv wewbgq Zvici N i wd i evnvwi Lvevi, mb mv _ AvZ xq- ^Rb eüzevüe, cvov cöwz ekx `i AvMgb C `i Avb `i gvîv e w K i Avi mb mv _ evsjv `k _ K cöpvwiz P v bj jv Z C `i Abyôvb Dc fvm 163

83 A b KB C` K K `ª K i ` k P j hvb Avevi KD KD C` Ki Z Av mb cöev m hgbt C`yj dzi Z evsjv `k _ K Avmv A bk AwZw_I cöevmx `i mv _ C `i Avb ` fvmvfvwm K ib Zv `i g a mv ek WcywU w úkvi Avjx Avkivd Ggwc, mv ek gš x gnxdïxb Lvb AvjgMxi Ggwc, cöwzgš x gvneyeyi ingvb, AvIqvgx jx Mi hym mvaviy m úv`k gvneyedj Avjg nvwbd, wewkó jlk dli ¾vgvb PŠayix, Awf bîx w`jviv Rvgvb, wgwwqv e w³z gynv ` Rvnv½xi, wbdbq K i fvicövß Kbmyjvi kv n`yi ingvb cögyl KvbvWvi fzi Avjv`v wmwwb, w`wj-, ivg, wbdbqk, jûb kni i q Q A b KB Zv Z weåvš nb AvwgI n qwq A UvwiIi fzi jûb! mb jû b C` D`hvcb wb q gvnveyeyj nvmvb bxi wj L Qb- ÔAvwg cö_g Rvgv Z bvgvr Av`vq Kwi bvgv Ri k l ï f Qv wewbgq nq jû bi gqi G vb g vwi `wwwm vi mv _... g vwi C `i ï f Qv Rvbv Z wm q e jb, jû b me a g i, me gvby li g a m úöwz I my `i m úk wbwðz Ki Z Avwg me `v e cwiki *4 ïay jû bi gqi g vwib bb; A UvwiIi wcöwgqvi Wëb g vk qw UI G m nvwri nb C `i Rvgv Z wzwbi ï f Qv wewbgq K ib g~javivi wgwwqv jvi Zv Zy j a i Z e mgm v n Q, QywU wb q ` k hfv e C `i w`b, C `i Av MI c ii w`b mikvwi QywU _v K, cöev m Zv m e bq d j h Kv bv gymwjg Kg j _ K Lye mn RB ag xq Hw QK QywU wb Z cv ib hv cö Z K ag xq m úöö`v qi Rb B cö hvr KvbvWv mikvi GKw`b C `i QywU w` Z m Z n ji C `i mywbw` ó w`b-zvwil wba viy Ki Z bv cvivq Zv ev evqb n Q bv e j Rvbv M Q ÔZ e C ` gymwjg vdiv QywU PvB j cövq me ÎB K vryqvj QywUi e e v Kiv nq hv `i vqx PvKwi bb Zviv Aek Ggb QywU wb Z PvbI bv KviY GKw`b KvR wgm gv b Wjvi-BbKvg wgm mvßvwnk Avq- ivrmv ii wnmv e Miwgj n q M j e qeûj Rxe bi A bk wkqy ZB Moeo `Lv `q Rxe bi wnmve GLv b Ggwb KwVb!Õ *5 KvbvWvRy o C`yj AvRnv Ges C`yj dzi `y UvB `yw`b K i bvgvr AbywôZ nq Ôgw U«q j C` `yw`b KbÕ wk ivbv g KvRx Avjg evey wj L Qb h, cö_gzt Puv` `Lvi weåvwš, wøzxqzt wøavwef³ KwgDwbwU, Z ZxqZt cwðg I cöv P i fš MvwjK `~iz Z_v UvBg Rv bi cv_ K mgm v, PZy_ Zt BmjvwgK weav bi RwUjZv, câgzt HKg Z mywbw` ó NvlYvi Afve *6 d j G Z gymwjg wek gîx Avi gvbeeü bi msku dz U D V dli ¾vgvb PŠayix Ui Uvi C` wb q wj L Qb- This year it also happened. Eid was celebrated on two days! One occasion, 164 two celebrations! One group, dependent on verdict by Hilal committee opted for Eid on the second day. The one on Global Moon sighting committee preferred to celebrate Eid on first day, 30 August. Hilal group believes seeing the Eid moon with own eyes is all important. Where as, Global group relies more on science being debated through out the Muslim world and on scientific calculation and news of moon sighting from different parts of the world. This is a subject better to be left to the experts to dwell at. Muslims in Canada celebrated on two days. And this has been happening for the last few years much to the disappointment of all. The main Eid Jamat of Greater Toronto Area was held at Metro Toronto Convention Center. Nearly 10,000 devotees offered their prayers here. Biggest congregation of the Bangladeshi Muslims was held at the Danforth Dentonia Park. Prayers were held in local mosques. In Baitul Aman Masjid in Danforth, run by Danforth Community Center, three Jamats were held from 9 to 11 in the morning. All three Jamats had spilled over devotees. Here one feels at home though away from home! Only difference I was noticing was that here we were in the mosque under the constant surveillance of close circuit camera, like ÔBig brother watchingõ of Animal Farm! *7 QywU msµvš RwUjZvi Rb B cöev m c njv ˆekvL wksev werq w`em, ^vaxbzv w`em, GKz k deªæqvwi mvßvwnk QywUi w` b (kwb/ iveevi) Kiv nq d j `Lv hvq, wba vwiz w`b Zvwi Li Av Mi iveevi ev c ii kwbevi Zv cvwjz n Q cöev mi mvs wzk msmvb jv C `vëi Abyôv bi Av qvrb K i mlv b evsjv ` ki `y-gkrb cöwzwôz wkíxi mv _ vbxq wkíxivi Ask bb Abyôvb K K `ª K i RgRgvU wgjb gjv e m KL bv KL bv C `i Av MI C` gjv nq cöev m C`yj dz ii Av M cweî igrv b N i N i ivrvi Av qvrb Dc fvm Kivi g Zv bvbv ik gi BdZvwi Avi bvbv ai bi mnwii ivbœv I ivrvi c~y Zv evwo q `q Avevi KD KD ^Rb `i mvwbœ a C` Kivi Rb ^ ` k P j hvq nq Zv K qk eqi ci mevi mv _ ^ ` k, Gi Avb `B Ab ikg Z e cöev m e wzµg C`yj AvRnvq A_ vr Kvievwbi C ` evsjv ` ki g Zv kn ii hlv b mlv b Kvievwbi cïi nvu wksev hîzî, hlv b mlv b Mi -QvMj, DU-`y ^vi RevB Kiv nvb RwbKmn bvbv Kvi Y G Kevi AKíbxq ZvB hviv Kvievwb w` Z AvMÖnx, Zviv wbw` ó gvs mi KviLvbv ev `~ ii Lvgvievwo wm q AwMÖg eywks w` q Av mb Zvici KmvBLvbv _ K gvsm h_vmg q msmön G m ú K drjyj evix ÔA «wjqvi Kvievwb KvjPviÕ kxl K GK jlvq Zy j a i Qb cöev mi Kvievwbi wpî ÔA «wjqv wbdwrj v Ûi g Zv `k jvq wekvj AvKv ii Mi Kvievwbi D Ï k 165

84 gvwu Z ïb q RevBi cöpyi jvkeji bb Ggwb Z G ` ki Lvgv i me RevB nq gwk b RevB nvjvj Ki Z Kw úduvivbr gwk b cövmövg Kiv kã ev R, Avj-vû AvKei Avevi Kvievwbi Rb A bk Î `~i _ K Mi i gv_vq wj K i Zv K Kvey Kiv nq Kvievwbi gvsm wewji G ` k Av ik mgm v ev wbqggvwdk h Kvievwbi gvsm 3 fvm K i Gi GK fvm Mwie-`y gvbylrb K w` Z nq m my hvm bb G ` k KviY gvsm `Iqvi ev biqvi g Zv m ikg Awdwmqvj Mwie gvbyl G ` k bb Gi Kvi Y Mwie gvby li fv Mi gvs mi UvKv wnmve K i A b K ` k cvwv q `b AvZ xq ^R bi fv Mi gvsm Mvwo Z K i Ny i Ny i wewji mgqi A b Ki bb Kvievwbi cïi Pvgov ev Gi UvKv wewjeè bi Sv gjv Nv o biqvi my hvmi bb jvkr bi `vkvwb ev Lvgvi _ K Pvgovi UvKv gymwjg P vwiwu msmvb jvi Kv Q P j hvqõ *8 G me mgm v I mxgve Zv m Ë I cöevmxiv Avb `-Av e M C` Drme cvjb K i grvi e vcvi, evovwj wn `y ev wlª vbivi GB Drm e kqvi K i GKBfv e evovwj gymjgvbi c~rv-cve Y hvm `q d j cöev m HK I mvg i eü b C `i Drme bzyb gvîv cvq mb mv _ GKvZ Zv cökvk K i C `i ï f QvevZ v `b ` ki ivó«cöavb Z_ m~î: 1. C `i Rvgv Z D`y / igy Bmjvg, mvßvwnk cöevm evsjv, gvp 01, 1995, gw U«qj, KvbvWv 2. mvßvwnk ` k we ` k, 14Zg 42 msl v, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 3. ˆ`wbK Avgvi `k, m Þ ^i 09, 2011, XvKv 4. mš ` h AvZ vûwz/ gvnveyeyj nvmvb bxi cökvkkt wek mvwnz feb cökvkkvjt eb gjv 2011, XvKv, c -24/25 5. evsjvwbdr Uv qw U dvi.kg, b f ^i 04, 2011, XvKv 6. gw U«q j C` `yõw`b Kb/ KvRx Avjg evey, mvßvwnk cöevm evsjv, gvp 01, 1995, gw U«qj, KvbvWv 7. Eid in North America by Fakharuzzan Chowdhury/ Daily Independent, September 23, 2011, Dhaka. 8. evsjvwbdr Uv qw U dvi.kg, b f ^i 04, 2011, XvKv 166 nvicv ii n vuwuªk Ges R vk ju bi mvb Kj we k h KÕwU ` k 99.66% cök Z MYZ š i P P v i q Q, Zvi g a KvbvWv kx l GLv b wbe vp b KviPzwc, wbe vpb Kwgk bi wei c cvwzz, e vju ccvi Pywi, e vju ev wqbzvb, fvu RvwjqvwZ, fzqv fvu, MYbvq Miwgj, cöwzc i wei Awf hvm, cöv_ x `i g a gviwcu, mg_ K `i fzi msnl, fxwz cö`k b, ûgwk BZ vw` k~ b i KvVvq ZvB GLvbKvi wbe vp bi MÖnY hvm Zv cökœvzxz m Rb evsjv ` ki wbe vp b ^ Q e vju cö`vb K i KvbvWv MYZvwš K eüz Z i ` óvš i LwQj wbe vp bi cöpv i evsjv `wk vb j wgwus-wgwqjgvbwks-rbmfvi evjvb bb `jxq cöavbiv wewfbœ P v b ji Avgš Y fvu-hy jovb K i Zy j a i wb R `i wbe vpbx cöwzköæwz Avi cöwzc i fyjåvwš Ges MVbg~jK mgv jvpbv mb mv _ msev`c Î AvZ cöpvig~jk weávcb cöv_ xiv ^qs Ges GKRb mv_xmn fvuvi `i `irvq `irvq LyeB web qi mv _ fvu cöv_ bv K ib Avi wbe vp bi mgq Kv bv nbpb, ivr bwzk D ËRbv-Drm ei j Y bb ej jb P j wewfbœ K `ª ev eo eo wewìs qi Kwi Wv i LyeB wbwiwewj fvumöny P j djvdj cviqv hvq wewfbœ P v b ji gva g h `j wrz e, mb werqx `j K Awfb `b Rvb e we ivax `j K 1995-G KzB e Ki ^vaxbzv `vwe Z Kb dwv ikb nu v/bv wbe vpbx cöpv ii GKwU wpî Zy j aiwq welqwu wqj KvbvWvevmxi Rb RvZxq mgm v wkš GKRb KzB e KvqvI iv vq cöwzeükzv m wó K iwb KL bv D PvwiZ nqwb GKwU -vmvb fv Owb GKwU Mvwoi M-vmI GKwU bywoi Qy u o gv iwb KD cöwzc i cöwz bv, nizvj, ag NU RvZxq Kv bv Kg m~wpi Av mwb... Kv_vI Kv bv `qvj wjlb ev cv vi Pv L c owb ïay wb R `i e³e, cvwu i g bv d vb Dc vcb K i Qb wgwwqvi gva g Kv_vI Kv bv mš vmxi NUbv N Uwb MÖdZvi nqwb GKwU jvki, Kv iv Mv q c owb GKwU AuvPo! *1 m cö_vmzfv eb GwcÖj 02, 2011-G KvbvWvq Av ikwu dwv ij wbe vpb AbywôZ n jv Zv Z KbRvi fwuf cvwu 166wU Avmb c q GKK msl vmwiôzv AR b K i Uvbv Z Zxqev ii mikvi MVb K i ` ji cöavb w db nvicvi Z Zxqev ii g Zv KvbvWvi cöavbgš x n jb R vk ju bi bz Z vaxb GbwWwc cöavb we ivax ` ji Ae vb AR b K i Q m` mgvß wbe vp b 308 Avm bi g a KbRvi fwuf 166wU Avmb, GbwWwc 104wU, wjev ij 34wU, e-k 2wU I wmöb cvwu 167

85 Green Party of Canada Liberal Party of Canada Libertarian Party of Canada Marijuana Party Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada New Democratic Party Pirate Party of Canada Progressive Canadian Party Rhinoceros Party United Party of Canada Western Block Party. G Qvov wewfbœ cö ` k Av iv i q Q ek KÕwU QvU QvU ivr bwzk `j *3 cöavbgš x w db nvicvi 1wU Avm b Rqx n q Q *2 D j-l, wjev ij cvwu MZ 100 eq ii g a gzvq wqj 63 eqi Gev ii wbe vp b A bk jv ikw m wó n jv Zvi g a GK gqvw` mikv ii Avg j wzb wzbwu wbe vpb, nvicv ii Z Zxqev ii g Zv cöavbgwš Z, wmöb cvwu i cö_gev ii g Zv Avmb jvf Ab Zg wbe vp b 104wU c q ixwzg Zv g vwrkzyj PgK `wl q Q R vk ju bi bz Z vaxb GbwWwc Zviv KzB ek cöwfý _ KB e- Ki KvQ _ K 60wU Avmb wqwb q wb q Q Avi Pig nviv n i Q wjev ij, kzvwak Avmb _ K b g G m Q wî ki KvVvq! cvwu cöavb gvb Kj BM bwud wb RB civwrz n q Qb cöavbz wzbwu eo ivr bwzk `j i q Q G QvovI i q Q ek wkqy `j Zvi ZvwjKv wbgœiƒct Bloc Québécois Canadian Action Party Christian Heritage Party of Canada Communist Party of Canada Conservative Party of Canada First Peoples National Party of Canada 168 hy bq, kvwš i mikvi PvB 2011 mv ji 2 GwcÖj KvbvWvq K `ªxq mikvi wbe vpb AbywôZ nq wbe vp b bvbvgylx cöpvi P j ïay ivr bwzk `jb bq, fvuviivi KbRvi fwuf cvwu i bz Z vaxb msl vjny nvicvi mikv ii wei bvbvb Awf hvm Zz j Zvi g a ewnwe k KvbvWvi fveg~wz ÿzyœi Ab Zg ZvB, Ôhy bq, kvwš i mikvi PvBÕ -vmvb wb q iv vq b g Q KvbvwWqvb fvuviiv *4 G wb q AbjvB bi K vw ús P j G Qvov gzvpz Z KbRvi fwuf cvwu i mikv ii wei `vwq Z Ae njv, `yb xwz, A_ bwzk Ae e vcbv, Z_ Mvcb ivlv I ewnwe k KvbvWvi fveg~wz b ói Awf hvm Zy jwqj we ivax `j jv cvj v g Ui GKwU KwgwU KvbvWvi BwZnv m cö_gev ii g Zv cvj v g U Aegvbbvi Awf hvm K i mikv ii wei Awf hv Mi cwi cöw Z nvicvi mikv ii wei cvj v g U Abv v cö ve Av b we ivaxiv 308 Avm bi cvj v g U cö v ei c c o 156 fvu Avi wec c o 145 fvu 11 fv U czb N U nvicvi mikv ii hy bq, kvwš i mikvi Pvq KvbvwWqvbiv KviY, KvbvWvi gvbevwakvi wb q cökœ D V Q BwZg a gvbevwakvi cöwzôvq bz vbxq Ae vb nvwi q Q KvbvWv gvbevwakvi cöwzôvq KvbvWvi `xn w` bi cöksmbxq fveg~wz A bkuvb bó n q M Q GgbUvB g b K i A vg bw B Uvib vkbvj msmvbwu ej Q, mv úöwzk mg qi GK PvLv bxwzi d j gvbezvev `i Î KvbvWvi `xn w` bi mybvg f~jywéz n q Q *5 A vg bw B Uvib vkbv ji GB welqwu GLb fvuviivi mvg b G b Q mikv ii wei bvbvb Awf hv Mi mv _ mv _ hy³ nq- ÔKvbvWv wbwm Gb-Gw U 169

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92 mv _B AÁvZ dv b MvjvMvj w` Zv, evgv g i Awdm Dwo q `qvi ûgwk w` Zv, nvz K U djvi fxwz cö`k b KiZ ïay wkqv gymjgv bib bq, wlª vb m cö`v qi jvkrbi A-mnbkxjZvi Av ikwu D`vniY `qv hvk W vb dv_ evsjv cvovq K_vwkíx I wpîwkíx ˆmq` BKev ji Bb wwrvbb Awd m GKwU ú m Zvi A bk jv wpîkg PgrKvifv e Szjv bv wqj Ô mlv b M jb gbuv Ab ikg n q hvq GKw`b wm q `wl wzwb Qwe jv Ly j N i wb q hv Qb cökœ Kijvg, Kb? wzwb `Lv jbñ GKwU bvix wkík g i úk KvZi A½cÖZ½ jv K ev Kviv Av b w` q cywo q w` q Q Avi e-w w` q K U d j Q! GB cöev mi gšjev`xiv _ g bbõ *2 ˆmq` BKevj GKevi U«v fj G RwÝi wu KU wb q KvUz b w` jb GKwU mvßvwnk AbjvB b Ges wjl jbt Via-Agra. Avi AuvK jb AvMÖvi cözxk wn m e ZvRgn ji Qwe Zv wb qi gvj-v `i AvcwË Zv `i aviyv ZvRgn ji mv _ gmwr `i wgj Av Q! m úö ÖwZ vbxq GwUGb evsjv P v b j GKwU gmwr `i weávcb cöpvi nq, hvi fvlv A bkuv G ikgt ÔAvj-vni A kl ing Z Ui Uvi W vb dv _ i GKmg qi bvbu K ve GLb evqzyj Avbvg gmwr`..õ... A_P NUbvwU wfbœ GB bvbua v ½j K vewu eü n q hviqvi ci weµq cöwµqvi gva g Zv Z gmwr` vcb nq wkš Zv ag xqfv e djvi K i cöpvi Kiv AvZ NvZxi kvwgj bq Kx? Ggwb ZB mviv we k gymjgvbiv bvryk Ae vq i q Q hgbñ 1. d«v Ý gwnjv `i evikv ev bkve civ wbwl K i divwm msm ` (335 fv U, wec 1 fvu) wej cvm n q Q Zv Z 150 BD iv Rwigvbvmn Rj weavb M nxz n q Q 3* hw`i Zv AMYZvwš K I ˆelg g~jk e j wb `v Rvwb q Q BD ivcxq 47 `k *4 D j-l, bkve civi Kvi Y MZ g gv m `yb gymwjg bvix Avngvm Ges bvrvzv bvbz K m Þ ^i 22, 2011 Rwigvbv K i Qb d«vý cywj ki GKwU Av`vjZ GB Awf hv M Rwigvbvi NUbv GUvB cö_g Zv `i c vwi mi c~e vâ j wgd kn i bkve civ Ae vq AvUK Kiv nq ZvjvKcÖvß wzb mš v bi Rbbx Avngvm K 120 BD iv Rwigvbv Kiv n q Q bvrvzv K Rwigvbv Kiv n q Q 80 BD iv IB `yb bvix Rvwb q Qb, Zviv Gi cöwzkvi P q BD ivwcqvb KvU m Ae wndg vb ivbu m hv eb... Avngv mi AvBbRxex Bqvb MÖ e j Qb, h gwnjviv gylxvkv cvkvk c i bv, Zv `i GB Rwigvbvi ga w` q Kvh Z N ii evb i ei Z gvbv Kiv n Q *5 2 ejwrqv gi wbgœ K evikv wbwl K i 3 w` bi Rjmn 25 BD iv Rwigvbv Av`v qi weavb Kiv n q Q, GwcÖj 2010-G *6 3 ú bi wøzxq e nëg kni ev m jvbve cši feb, jvb eªwi, wewfbœ evrv i bkve wbwl Kiv n q Q Rvg vwbi Kv bv Kv bv z ji gv_vi vd civ wbwl Kiv n q Q G ai bi cö ve Dc vwcz n q Q BZvwj, b`vij vûm, mybrvij vû, A ªwjqvq *7 4 KÕw`b Av M AvUjv Uvi WM-vmwfj wmwu Z Av`vjZ cöv½ Y XvKvi mgq gv_v _ K vd Ly j dj Z A ^xkvi Kivq GKRb Kv jv Av gwikvb gymwjg K MÖdZvi K i wepvi Ki mvg b nvwri Kiv n j wzwb IB gwnjv K Av`vjZ Aegvbbvi `v q 10 w` bi Kvivev m cvwv q `b *8 5 Rvbyqvwi 28, Z GK NvlYvq b`vij v ÛI bkve wnrve- evikv wbwl Kiv nq 6 KvbvWvi KzB e KI evikv wbwl Kiv n q Q *9 Gevi cy iv KvbvWvq bkve wb q AvBb cvm n Z hv Q Z e evikv- bkve civ bq; evikv- bkve c i bvmwik Z i kc_ wb q AvMvgx w` bi KvbvwWqvbiv bkve ev evikvq gyl X K Avi bvmwik Z i kc_ wb Z cvi eb bv Awfevmbgš x Rmb Kwb gw U«q j GK msev` m j b *10 mikv ii GB wm v š i K_v AvbyôvwbKfv e cökvk K i e jb, GLb _ K bzyb KvbvwWqvb `i bvmwik Z i kc_ bqvi mgq gylveqe X K _v K Ggb wkqy cwiavb Kivi my hvm _vk e bv cö Z K kc_mönykvixi gylveqe kc_ Abyôv b Dcw Z mevi ` wó MvPi n Z n e G Î a g i ARynv Z gymjgvb bvix `i evikv ev bkve e envi Kivi my hvmi _vk e bv 7 Ui Uv www «± zj ev W i Aax b f vwj cvk cvewjk z ji K v d Uwiqvq ïµevi Rygvi bvgvr Av`v q we ivwazv Ki Q G Z Ui Uvi RbwcÖq wuwf P v bj Ôwmwc Uz qw U dviõ cvewjk y j Ô cöqvi mvwf mõ Aby gv`b `qv hvq wkbv welqwui Ici GKwU AbjvBb Rwic MÖnY K i 7 RyjvB mkvj 2Uv Aewa Pjv Rwi ci djvd j 6,355 Rb (63 kzvsk) Ônü võ Ges 3,697 Rb (37 kzvsk) ÔbvÕ fvu w` q Q A_ vr cvewjk y j Ô cöqvi mvwf mõ Aby gv`b `qvi c me vwak `k K gz cökvk K ib cvkvcvwk Ui Uv mvb 5 I 6 RyjvB G wel q wek` cöwz e`b cökvk K i Q

93 ...wkš GB cöwzev` m Ë I GbwWwc Ggwcwc Pwi wwõb fv, whwb BDbvB UW Pv P i GKRb ag hvrk, wzwb a g i cöwz AvbyMZ kxj _ K bvgvr cov K mg_ b K ib, wkš g b K ib mkj ag xq bz em K GKwÎZ K i mikvwi z j mwui cö qvrbxqzv I h _vchy³zv Av jvpbvmv c wba viy niqv PvB cvkvcvwk A UvwiIi wk vgš x wjibv Wgeªw Õi GK gylcvî Rvbvb, 1996 mv j M nxz A UvwiI wndg vb ivbum KvW cwic~y fv e ag xq cö qvrbxqzv K Aby gv`b `q Ab w` K, Ui Uv www «± zj ev W i GWy Kkb ww i±i wµm úý I ev W i Pqvig vb wµm eëb G wel q Kv bv cökvi gzvgz Rvbv Z A ^xk wz Rvwb q Qb *11 7 Avevi c vwi mi ^ivó«gš x K qš Rvbvb h- m Þ ^i 16, 2011 _ K iv vq Rygvi bvgvr cov hv e bv *12 Dc i Dwj-wLZ NUbv m Ë I KvbvWvq gymjgvb `i mvwe K Ae v fv jv KviY, KvbvWv hgb eûrvwzk mvs wzk `k, Zgwb ag xqfv ei D`vi GLv b ag xq RbmsL vi nvi wbgœiƒc: Chistanity = 77% None = 16.2% Islam = 2.o% Judaism = 1.1 % Buddhism = 1.0 % Hinduism = 1.1 % Shikhism = 0.9 % Athars = 0.4 % *13 Avi wewfbœ cöwf Ý gymwj gi nvi n jvt A UvwiI = 352,530 KzB ek = 108,620 weªwuk Kjw ^qv = 56,220 AvjevUª v = 49,040 gvwb Uvfv = 5,095 bfv vwkqv = 3,545 mvpkvpzqvb = 2,230 wbd eªæýdbk = 1,275 wbd dûj vû = 630 wcöý GWIqvW AvBmj vû = 195 b_ UwiUwiqvm = 180 DBKb = 60 bybvfvu = 30 KvbvWv = 579,649 * me P q ewk gymwjg A UvwiI Z Avi me P q Kg n jv bvbvfv U h_vµ g Ges 30 Rb 2001 mv ji GB Rwi ci cuvp eqi ci GB nvi 2.0 kzvsk _ K ( Rb) _ K e w c q 2.7 kzvsk (884,000) G DËxY n q Q *15 G Qvov gymwjg `i Ab vb Rwic wpî wbgœiƒct 32% of Muslims in Canada have never been married, 59% are legally married and living together, 2.9% are separated but still legally married, 3.5% are divorced, and 2.9% are widowed. Also, there are 7, 540 Muslim couples that live as common law partners. There are also 21,145 Muslims in Canada who are single parents. *16 Av gwikvi eûj cöpvwiz mvßvwnk UvBg cwîkvq 1988 mv ji g gv mi 23 Zvwi L cökvwkz msl vq ÔAv gwikvb dwms UvqvW g võ(av gwikvbiv g vi w` K wdi Q) kxl K `yb c ôve vcx GK jlvq gymjgvb `i msl v e w i wkqy KviY Zy j aiv nq ÔBmjvg Av gwikvb `i Rvqv ii Uv bi g Zv cöej kw³ Z Kv Q U b wb Q Av gwikvbiv GB me Rbxb wek a g i cöwz µgkb Sz u K co QÕ *17 Ab vb ag xq m úö`v qi P q gymwjg m úö`v qi msl v e w i nvi A bk ewk gvwk b M elyv cöwzôvb wcd dviv gi GK Rwi c ejv n q Q, gymwjg 1.5 kzvsk Avi Agymwjg RbmsL v e w i nvi 0.7 kzvsk d j wek eqi ci gymwjg RbmsL v Agymwjg P q wø Y nv i e o 2030 mv j we k i gvu RbmsL vi 26.4 kzvsk gymwjg n e *18 AvMvgx 20 eq i KvbvWvi gymwjg RbmsL v e o wzb Y n e wek RbmsL vi Ici cwipvwjz m úö ÖwZ GK mgx vq GB Z_ cviqv M Q 2030 mv j msl v `uvov e 2.7 wgwjqb, gvu RbmsL vi 6.6 kzvsk mgx vi Z_ Abymv i, wek e vcx gymwjg RbmsL vi cwigvy 35 kzvsk nv i e o 2.2 wewjqb n e Agymwjg RbmsL vi Zyjbvq e w i GB nvi wø Y Z e we k i cöavb ag jvi bz vbxq e w³z Ges bvw K I Awek vmx `i wrávmv Kiv n qwqj wewfbœ a g i gzev` I BwZnvm wb q? mlv b `Lv M Q- bvw K Ges Awek vmxiv G wel q ewk ag xq Lei iv Lb? *19 Z e KvbvWvq ^ NvwlZ bvw K `i Avw KZv ` L AevK n qwq 15 AvM Z RvwZi RbK e½eüz kl gywreyi ingv bi g Zz w`em c owqj cweî igrvb gv m mb g Zz w`e mi Abyôv b Av jvpbvi ci BdZvwii Av M KviAvb ZjvIqv Zi ci hlb gvbvrvz aiv n jv, ZLb Iqvwn`yj nk, gvndzryj evixivi 185

94 `yõnvz GKwÎZ (A bkuv gvbvrv Zi fv eb Avevi mivmwi gvbvrvzi bv) GKch v q gyl gyq jb! Awek vm n ji mz, we k gymwjg msl vjny Ab vb ` ki Zyjbvq Av gwikvq Bmjvg fxwz Zzjbvg~jK Kg d«v Ý evikvi Ici wb laváv A_ev wgbvi wbg v Yi Ici wb laváv Rvwi K i mybrvij v Ûi bzyb AvB bi g Zv Av gwikvq Zgb wkqy bb RbgZ Rwi c `Lv M Q, cwðgv we k i Ab h Kv bv ` ki Zyjbvq Av gwikvq gymjgvbiv wb R `i ewk wbivc` I gy³ g b K ib Av gwikvq `ybrb gymjgvb Ks MÖm m`m wbe vwpz n q Qb Ges G eqi wigv dvwkn cö_gev ii g Zv Kv bv gymjgvb bvix wn m e wgm BDGmG wbe vwpz n q Qb AvMvgx gv m K vwj dvwb qvi evk wj Z `kwui cö_g gymwjg K jr D Øvab n e * mv j nvqvbu nvd m ZrKvjxb dv jww wnjvwi wk Ub Bmjvwg Drm ei Av qvrb K i weij ` óvš vcb K ib *21 Av gwikvq gymwjg msl v cuwpk nvrvi D j-l, DbœZ we k gymwjg Avi gmwr `i msl v wbgœiƒc : DcvË Av gwikv Rvg vwb d«vý weª Ub úb KvbvWv gvu RbmsL v 30 KvwU 55 jvl 8 KvwU 20 jvl 6 KvwU 50 jvl 6 KvwU 20 jvl 4 KvwU 60 jvl 3 KvwU 40 jvl gymjgv bi msl v 25 jvl 32 _ K 34 jvl 55 jvl 24 jvl 8 _ K 10 jvl 10 jvl gmwr `i msl v 1 nvrvi nvrvi nvrvi nvrvi 500 4kÕ 54 1kÕ 98 wek L vz UzBb UvIqvi cz bi ci mviv c w_exi gymjgvb `i Dci bvbvfv e Pvc m wó n q Q GB NUbvq wbn Zi g a hgb 6 evsjv `wk wqj, Zgwb 24 Rb KvbvwWqvb i q Q *23 9/11-Gi NUbv mviv we k Akvwš Qwo q w` q Q, hv Kv bv gvbe Kj v Y Av mwb wrnv `i fzj e vl v w` q ag cövy gymjgvb `i GKwU gnj weåvš Ki Q m PZb I kvwš wcöq gymjgvb GB ai bi nz vkvð I mš vmx Kg KvÐ K KL bvb mv cvu K i bv gvwk b cöwm W U Ievgv e w³mzfv e gymwjg wkbv Zv wb qi wezk i q Q Z e wzwb mb wez K Rovbwb Z e bvbb/gwj f bi GK `kk c~wz Dcj Ievgv bg K É e j Qb- Ôhy³ivó«KL bvb Bmjvg ev Ab Kv bv a g i wei hy Rov e bvõ *24 ZviI Av M wezwk Z RR Wvwe-D eyk e jwq jb- Islam is a religion of peace A_ vr Bmjvg GKwU kvwš i ag Avi KvbvWvi cöavbgš x nvicvi Kov K É e j Qb wfbœ K_v, gymwjg mbœ vmxiv KvbvWvi Rb ûgwk ^iƒc hgbt Are Islamic radicals the biggest security threat to Canada? Prime Minister Stephen Harper says Canada is safer than it was on 9/11, but that the major threat is still Islamicism. 186 *22 There are other threats out there, but that is the one that I can tell you occupies the security apparatus most regularly in terms of actual terrorist threats, Harper said. Harper said attacks can come out of the blue, as in Norway this July, but terrorism by Islamic radicals is still the top threat, though a diffuse one. When people think of Islamic terrorism, they think of Afghanistan, or maybe they think of some place in the Middle East, but the truth is that threat exists all over the world, he said, citing domestic terrorism in Nigeria. The prime minister said homegrown Islamic radicals in Canada are also something that we keep an eye on. *25 hw`i nvicvi gymwjg bzv AvMv Lvb K wbr nv Z KvbvWvi m vwbz I bvmwikz cö`vb K i Qb ïay AvMv LvbB bq, Av ik ag xq bzv bv ej werqx `vjvbjvgv KI bvmwikz `qv n q Q *26 KvbvWvq i q Q cöpzi BmjvwgK ms v mikvi G me ms v ev msmv bi Rb cöpzi mvnvh -Abỳ vb w` qi _v K ZviciI ˆ`wbK b vkbvj cv Rvwb q Q, KvbvWvq Avj Kvq`vi buiqvk i q Q e j cywjk A Uvqvq Awfhvb Pvwj q wgrevndwïb Avng`mn bv g `yb e w³ K MÖdZvi K i Ges Zv `i GKwU mj ZQbQ K i `q BwZc~ e 2006 mv j KvbvWv cywjk ÔUi Uv 18Õ bv g e o DVv GKwU MÖæc K MÖdZvi K iwqj GB MÖæc wewfbœ úk KvZi vcbv nvgjvi cö wz wbw Qj ZvB RbwbivcËvgš x wfk UIDm e j Qb, KvbvWvq Bmjvg I Ab vb Pigcwš mš vmx Mvôx mwµq i q Q Pig gzev`b mš vm K Dm K `q Ô2006 mv ji gvsvgvws mg q wewfbœ cöpvigva g _ K Rvbv hvq, wmgmavbgm wbhy³ GKRb mvm wq jb gyweb kl ZviB mnvqzvq MÖdZvi Kiv m e nq 17 Rb m `nfvrb K... gyweb kl wq jb GKRb Bgvg wzwb AviwmGgwci (i qj KvbvwWqvb gvd UBb cywjk) ezbfz³ mvm wn m e KvR K i 3 jvl Wjvi KvgvB K i Qb e ji msev` cökvwkz n q Q *27 gyweb kl GK mv vrkv i AwfgZ e ³ K i e jb, mš vmx Kg KvÐ `g bi Rb Mv q `viv AekB gymwjg m úö`v qi jvk fz i XzwK q KvR Ki Q KvbvWvq gymwjg m úö`v qi µvbwmm wb q evsjv `wk wbg vzv dzqv` PŠayix Ui Uvi Agwb wuwfi Rb Bs iwr, evsjv Ges D`y fvlvq wbg vy Ki Qb Z_ wpî *28 hvi bvg- Canadian Muslims Are No Strangers. (A documentary on Muslims Living in Toronto Area) G m ú K wzwb Rvwb q Qb, Since 9/11, Muslims in North America have been faced with an image crisis. In the wake of attack on the World Trade Centre the Canadian Parliament acted quickly to protect its own Citizens and demonstrate its solidarity with the United States by passing Bill C36 - ÔThe Canadian Anti-Terrorism ActÕ. Much 187

95 like the Homeland Security Act in the US, Bill C36 expanded the GovernmentÕs powers of preemptive detention and surveillance of Canadian citizens suspected of having links to terrorism. The unintended collateral damage of Bill C36 has been a growing distrust of CanadaÕs 850,000 Muslims by their fellow Canadians. K qkwu I qemvbu wfwru Ki j G m ú K Av iv A bk we vwiz Rvbv hv e 1. Momin Khawaja Background: 2. Hassan Diab Background: 3. Project Thread Background: 4. Secret Trial Five Background: KvbvWvq wkqv, mywbœ, Avngw`qv me m úö Ö`v qi gymwjg i q Q Zv `i g a Avngw`qv m úö`vq wewfbœ ` k mv úö`vwqkzvi wkkvi Zviv e- vm dwg AvZ ¼ _v K Av ik ag xq d Zvqv e- vm dwg AvBb hv GL bv A bk ` k Pvjy Av Q Zv wb q Av `vjb Ki Q KvbvWv Avngw`qv m úö`vq Zviv Zv `i evwl K m j b Zv evwz ji `vwe Z mwgbvi K ib *29 Avngw`qv m úö Ö`vq LyeB HK e Zvi GKwU ` óvš - Ôwcm wf j R kvwš bmiõ e nëi Ui Uvi fb g cj GjvKvq Avngw`qv m úö Ö`vq M o Zy j Q GK PgrKvi kvwš bmi A_ vr Ôwcm wf jrõ wcm wf j Ri Avngw`qv Gwfwb qi me KÕwU mo Ki bvg L vwzgvb gymwjg `i bvgvbymv i hgb- bv fj werqx weávbx Avãym mvjvg wµ m U, b~i DwÏb wµ m U, ekxi w «U, bv mi wµ m U, gvngỳ wµ m U, Rvdi j-vn jbb, Zv ni w «U, g MU cöf wz wcm wf j R nvrvi ` ok cwievi AZ š kvwš c~y fv e GK cwiev ii g Zv wg jwg k emevm K i Avi GLvb _ KB cwipvwjz nq msmv bi hvezxq Kvh µg *30 wkš `ytlrbk n ji mz Ui Uv evsjv `wk gv UI HK e bb Ui Uv Z G cö_g evsjv `wk gmwr` vc bi cö_g mfvq næ Mvj, nvzvnvwz, MvjvMvwji ci Kv bv wm vš QvovB mfv cû n q hvq Ui Uv bmix Z wewfbœ fvlvfvlxi cwipvjbvq gmwr` i q Q emwbqvb, ZywK, MvqwbR, cvwk vb, AvdMvwb, Bivwb, BwÛqvb, RivwU cöf wz mb mv _ hy³ n Z hv Q- evsjv `wk gmwr` G m ú K mvßvwnk `kwe `kõi m úv`k bri j Bmjvg wg Uz ÔgmwR` wb q evovwj `i ivrbxwzõ cöm ½ wj L Qb- ÔAvR _ K 188 Pvi eqi Av M nvvr Zviv wf ±vwqqv cv K i A`~ i GKwU e vsk feb wk b mlv b gmwr` cöwzôvi NvlYv w` jb LeiwU hw`b Qov jv, mw`b evovwj KwgDwbwU Z Avb `i XD L j MjÕ *31 Zvici bvbvb cöwzk jzvi g a Av jvp evqzyj gvkviig gmwr`wu vwcz n q Q G wb q AvIqvgx, RvZxqZvev`x, RvgvwZ, ZvewjwM ivrbxwz n q Q `jv`wj Kv ` ji c i GKwU MÖæc ewi q G m Zvi `yõe-k A`~ i Aaybvjyß ÔbvBU G ½jÕ bvbu K v ei RvqMvq evqzzj Avbvg gmwr` vwcz nq Zvi KwgwU wb qi Pj Q cvëv Awf hvm, AvBb Av`vjZ, _vbv cywjk hvi g~ j i q Q- jvl jvl Wjv ii jb `b Ui Uvi vbxq AbjvBb GKwU KvMR wj L Qt ÒcÖvq GK jvl Wjvi DRvo Kivi ci Ae k l cywjk cönivi ga w` q Av`vjZ ga ZvKvix GKwU cöwzôvb K Ui Uvi evqzyj Avgvb gmwr` cwipvjbv KwgwUi wbe vpb Abyôvb cwipvjbvi `vwqz Ac Y K i gvî 54 Rb fvuv ii Rb G e vck Av qvrb ` L Ui Uv evsjv `k KwgDwbwUi m`m iv w Z mevib cökœ gmwr `i g Zv cweî v b Kx n Q Gme!...MZ 30 Zvwi L wbe vpb m úbœ n q Q...Rvbv hvq, cwipvjbv KwgwUi G wbe vpb K K `ª K i Kej AvBbRxexi cq b `yb c i j vwak Wjvi LiP n q Q m~î Rvbvq, Pµvš djcöm~ Ki Z Rqbvj Ges drj AwbgqZvwš Kfv e KwZcq wezwk Z e w³ K KwgwU Z wb q Av mb Gme NUbvq gymwj- `i g a e vck Am š vl `Lv `q... GiB g a gmwr `i GKRb vqx m`m Av e`bkvix dqmj Avn g` PŠayix (whwb 7 nvrvi Wjvi `vb K i Qb) Gi cöwzev` Ki Z M j Zv K cywj ki nv Z Zy j `q Zviv hv KwgDwbwU Z Zxeª v fi m wó nq ciez x Z cwiw wz DËß n q hvq Ges GKch v q AwaKvsk cöwzôvzv m`m Av`vj Zi Øvi nb Av`vjZ _ K cövß GKwU bw_ Z `Lv hvq- c~ e Kvi KwgwU wemz `yb igrvb gv m cövq 60 nvrvi Wjv ii BdZvwi Avc vqb eve` LiP `wl q Qb Rvbv hvq, GUv m ú~y fzqv wnmve gmwr ` hvzvqvzkvix gymwjøiv wb RivB cöwzw`b BdZv ii Av qvrb Ki Zb Ges gmwr `i fz i GKwU ev W BdZvi cö`vbkvix `i bvg jlv _vkz...a b Ki wei wewfbœ gvby li KvQ _ K A_ AvZ mvrmn bvbv ai bi AcK g i Awf hvmó * 32 G w` K gmwr `i Bgv gi GKwU b virbk NUbvI evsjv `wk `i fveg~wz a~wjmvr K i Q hšb wbcxob I nz vi Awfhy M Ui Uv Z GK evsjv `wk Bgvg gvnv ` gvmi i K K vjmwi _ K MÖdZvi K i Q cywjk MÖdZv ii ci 41 wwwfk bi cywjk Kb ej Kv ib Avg «s GK cöm Kbdv i Ý Rvbvb h, wk v_ x `i hšb nqivwb I nz vi ûgwki Awf hv M 10 AvM Zv K MÖdZvi Kiv n q Q wzwb Ui Uv W vb dv _ i evqzyj gvkviig mvmvbwui mnkvix Bgvg wewfbœ evmvq Aviwe 189

96 I KviAvb cov bvi mgq QvÎQvÎx `i mv _ GB AvPiY K i Zvi wei cuvpr bi Awf hv Mi cwi cöw Z cywjk Zv K MÖdZvi K i GB cuvpr bi g a Q j- g q DfqB i q Q *33 5 mš v bi RbK 48 eqi eqmx gvmi ii GB NUbvq KwgDwbwUi g a wgkª cöwzwµqv m wó n q Q cywjk Av iv Rvbvq- wm½vcyi, kªxj¼v, fviz, KvZvi I mšw` Avie, nv ½wi, Aw «qv, d«vý, Rvg vwb I BZvwjmn BD iv ci eû `k Ny i GB Bgvg (wewfbœ bv g- Rybv q` mvjgvb wksev Avãyi ingvb KL bv Avevi Avãyi iwng m R) Av gwikvi d vwiwvwgwkmvb _ K 2008 mv j KvbvWvq Av mb Avmvi ci Zvi wei G ch š 13wU bvbv ai bi Awf hvm i q Q Kw_Z Av Q, wzwb Kzdwi Kvjvg e envi Ki Zb Aci GKwU m~î Rvbvq, gmwr` KwgwUi Zxeª gzwe iva, Kjn- Kv ` ji wkkvi n q Q GB Bgvg! Aciw` K, Av ik evovwj Zi YI AbjvB b ÔBûw`Õ wba bi AccÖPvi Pvjv j Zv-I evsjv `wk `i B gr ÿzyœ nq jlv jwli Kvi Y A b KB G me wb q jlvi Aby iva K ib wkš welqwu LyeB úk KvZi cöevm Rxe b bvbv Kvi Y cöevmxiv a g i w` K Sz u K c o we `wk ms wz _ K gy³ ivlvi Rb ewkifvm evovwj cwievi Zv `i x Kb v `i Aviwe klvb, bvgvr covb, wnrve- evikv- bkve civb A_P evsjv ` k Zviv KL bvb GZUv avwg K wqj bv GLb Zviv MÖvmvwi wksev kwcs m Uv i wm q Ly ur Z _v Kb nvjvj dzw Avi mb my hv M PvBwbR `vkvbmn me e emvqxiv ek fv jvb evwyr Ki Q ZvB W. Mvjvg gyiwk` e j Qb, ev e cöevmx `i Rxe b mb Av`k cöwzdwjz nvk A_ev bv-b nvk, Av` k i Rb KvR K ib Bmjvwg `j jvi mwµq m`m iv Zuviv cöev m e mi ` ji Rb A_ RvMvo K ib, Ab `i Av` k `x v `b evsjv ` k hme Rw½ev`x m úö`vq Av Q, Zv `i m ½ hvmv hvmi Av Q G `i cö_g Ges cöavb cwipq? Giv gymjgvb * 34 me a g B Pj Q Mvovwg, gšjevw`z dvi K dqmj wj L Qb, e½ m j b bvp `Lv Z KjKvZv _ K G mwq jb MvwqKv `ekªx ivq Zviv Z_vKw_Z b Z bvu wu wqj fvi Zi cvigvywek kw³ mvgwik Awewjmv I wn `y RvZxqZvev `i c GKwU wbj ¾ cöcvmvûv gvî `ekªxi bv Pi cöm ½ Avgvi GKwUB gš e evsjv `k Ges cvwk v b Bmjvwg gšjev `i DÌvb hgb, Zgwb fvizxq wn `y gšjev `i we vi I mgvb Aïf *35 Ui Uv Z GK cövyeš g` vçvq D V G jv bvbu A v ½j ebvg evqzyj Avbvg gmwr `i K_v GKch v q Zviv mvsevw`k wn m e Avgvi Kv Q Rvb Z PvB jb : - KvbvWvq cö_g gymwjg K? * 1718 mv j GK Rwi c KvbvWvq 13 Rb gymjgv bi müvb cviqv hvq * KvbvWvq cö_g gmwr` KvbwU? * 1938 mv j AvjevU «vq dvu GW gvuvb cv K Avj ivkx` bv g cö_g gmwr` vcb K ib 26 Rb cyi l Avi 6 Rb bvix mb mv ji 12 ww m ^i ïµevi Zv Pvjy nq G Z bvix-cyi l Df qb bvgvr Av`vq Ki Zb *37 -KvbvWvq cö_g msm` m`m K? * ivwng Rvdi, B Wvg Ub *38 -KvbvWvq cö_g gwnjv msm` m`m K? * Bqvmwgb ivzvbmx, Ui Uv *39 -KvbvWvi cö_g gymjg bvix wm bu? * gvwebv Rvdi, f v¼zfvi *40 - KvbvWvq cö_g gymwjg gqi K? * K vjmwi kn ii bvwn` bbwk *41 - KvbvWvq cö_g gwnjv Bgvg K? * gwiqg wgr v MvqvwbR KvbvwWqvb eqm 30 wzwb 2004 mv ji 14 b f ^i C`yj wdzi G C `i bvgv R BgvgwZ K ib *42 Aciw` K 2005 mv ji 18 gvp ïµevi wbdbq K i mvqbw nvd m fvizxq gwnjv Avmiv bygvbxi bz Z vaxb Ôgymwjg DBg vb wd«wgõ Av qvwrz Rygvi bvgv R BgvgwZ K ib cö dmi W. Avwgbv Iqv`ỳ, hvi gvqvw¾bi wq jb GK gwnjv D j-l, fvwr wbqvi emevmkvix D³ bygvbx mvgvwrk cö_vi wei we `ªvn K i we qi Av MB ev Pv Rb `b Kzgvix gvzv wn m e nr cvjb K ib Ges Gme wb q wzwb ipbv K i Qb Ôd«g g v Uz wgwj Av gwikvõ kxl K MÖš *43 G NUbvi cwi cöw ZB Zmwjgv bvmwib Zvi hvqhvqw` bi Kjv gi Rb GKwU jlv wj Lb hvi wk ivbvg wqj- ÔevqZyj gvkvii gi gwnjv LwZe `qv nvk Õ Zmwjgv hlb jlvwu cyivbv cëb müvbx cö m kwdk ingv bi Kv Q w` jb kwdk fvb bvbv ev ezv Zy j a i Zv diz `b KviY, Bmjv g bvix bz Z wbwl evsjv ` k RvgvqvZ Avi gydwz Avwgbxiv d Zvqv w` qwqj, Bmjv g bvix bz Z nvivg c i ZvivB ZrKvjxb cöavbgš x Lv j`v wrqvi AuvP ji wb P wkl Z eiy K iwqj! mycöwm weªwuk weávbx nwks m úö ÖwZ GKwU mvov-rvmv bv eb wj L Qb ebwui bvg Ô` MÖ vû wwrvbbõ ebwu wbtm ` n KŠZ~n jvïxck GB ebwu Z Zuvi mn jlk wq jb K vj U Ki c`v_ we` jibvw -vw` bv GB ebwu cökvk cviqvi mv _ mv _ G wb q ûjȳ ~j ïi n q Q ˆZwi n q Q bvbvb wez K i ejv n q Q, nwks mivmwi Ck i K bvkp K i w` q Qb nwks qi GUvB GKgvÎ eb bq Gi Av MI wzwb eb 191

97 wj L Qb Ges mvov RvwM q Qb Zuvi me P q wel vz eb ÔG weªd wnw «Ae UvBgÕ *44 wek wel vz g vmvwrb UvBg ^ M i Aw Z i cökœ Zy j cö Q` Kvwnbx Q cwqj- WvR n fb GMwR? *45 cökœ DV Q- KvbvwWqvbiv Kx ag _ K `~ i m i hv Q? 1971 mv ji Av M GK kzvsk bvmwik RvZxq Rwi c Z_ cö`v bi mgq Ôag bbõ- Gi N i wuk wpý w` qwqj Avi `yb cörb ci ez gvb mg q gvu RbmsL vi cövq wmwk fvm A_ vr 23 kzvsk KvbvwWqvb ej Q, Zviv avwg K bq GKmgq HwZn MZfv e AwaKvsk KvbvwWqv bi a g i cöwz Mfxi wek vm I AbyivM wqj wkš - ivó«ag wel q M-ve A vû gb ji mv cöwzk GK Rwi c `Lv hvq ag, wek vm I iv ó«i g a m ú K i `~iz hb mvmi cwigvy iƒc wb q Q, G hb BD iv ci g Zv BnRvMwZKi Yi c _ KvbvWvi bzyb hvîv Avi GB cucwiez bi hvîvq bz Z w` Q wk kvi-zi Y eqmxiv 2002 mv ji cwimsl vb ej Q, 15 _ K 29 eqi eqmx 34 kzvsk KvbvwWqvb Rvwb qwqj, ag Zv `i Rxe b LyeB cö qvrbxq GKwU Abyl½ 2009 mv j vwumwukm KvbvWvi Rbv ij mvkvj mv f Abyhvqx GB msl v GLb K g `uvwo q Q 22 kzvs k ag K g g~javivi KvbvwWqvb `i MvQvov fve w`b w`b cöku n Z _vk ji Awfevmx n q Avmv KvbvwWqvb `i g a a g i euvab hb wkqyuv k³b n q Q; wemz 25 eq i a g i cöwz AbyivM eis Zv `i e o Q RbmsL vzvwë K GB cvjve` ji wpî KvbvWvi mvgvwrk g~j eva I mvs wzk HwZ n i cwiywz cö kœ Mfxi wkqy wrávmvi D `ªK K i Q... M-ve A vû gb ji n q ivó«ag wel q GKwU Rwic cwipvjbvkvix wbk b v bvm ej Qb, 30 eqi Av M Bmÿ wqj avwg K Ges ag -wek vmx `i g a wefw³ wkš ez gvb mg q wefw³ cö kœ mgvre e vq ag wek vm m ú K KvbvwWqvbiv Kx g b K i, mwu eo cökœ bq eis avwg KZvi Î Zvi g bvfve Kx, mwub gyl Gi gv b GB bq h KvbvwWqvbiv µgkb weag x n q hv Q ev wekc, 80 kzvsk KvbvwWqvb GL bv Ck i wek vm K i, hv KvbvwWqvb `i BD ivcxq `i _ K ^vzš gwðz K i Q AvcvZ` wó Z ejv hvq, axij q KvbvwWqvbiv ag K Z vm Ki Q Z e Awfevmx n q Avmv bvmwik `i g a a g AbyivM Av Mi g ZvB Av Q, hv `i g a 1985 mv j KvbvWvq Rb biqv 12 kzvsk e jwqj, Zv `i m ½ a g i Kv bv m úk bb Z e MZ 20 eq ii g a Avmv Awfevmx KvbvwWqvb `i 21 kzvs ki gzi GKB ikg wkš KvbvWvq Rb biqv 28 kzvs ki ` wó Z Zviv a g i m ½ m úk nxb mv úö ÖwZK mg q Avmv Awfevmx bvmwik `i 19 kzvs ki gzi Abyiƒc... G ai bi Awfevmx bvmwik `i e vcv i vwumwukm KvbvWvi 2009 mv ji cwimsl v b `Lv hvq, 1982 _ K 2009 mgqkv j Avmv Gme gvby li 50 `kwgk Qq kzvs ki g Z, a g wek vm Zv `i Rxe bi LyeB i Z c~y GKwU Abyl½, hv g~javivi 30 `kwgk Qq kzvsk KvbvwWqvb `i P q A bk ewk mgkvwgzv, bvix `i f~wgkv, hšbwk v I ag xq wb ` kbv wel q Awfevmx ag xq Mvôxiv wez K D PK É hme gzvgz-` wófw½ Zz j a i, Zv msl vmwiô mvaviy gvby li wei B P j hvq mgkvg K GKxf~ZKi Yi wei A v½wjk vb PvP I PvBwbR KvbvwWqvbiv me P q mie 1960 mv ji ci _ K g~javiviv KvbvwWqvb `i g a a g i cöwz D`vmxb g bvfve M o IVvi h j Y `Lv hvq, 2010 mv j Zv AvcvZ` wó Z A bk e o Q KvbvWvq Awfevmx n q Avmv bvmwik `i m wlª vb, gymwjg, wkl, wn `y wksev A _ vw wrdmb nvk, Zv `i g a I Ggb J`vmx b i j Y dz U DV Q *46 KvbvWvq cö_g G m AvU gvm wqjvg 583 DBKwj W«vBf, Awj m, A Uvqvq GB evwowu wqj cövq cwiz ³ hvi gvwjk jvqjv nvmvb whwb mvs wzk cwigð j e o DVv D P wkw Zv bvix wzwb mvsevw`k knx` eyw Rxex wmivr DwÏ bi fvwmœ mb evmvi M v i R 33 LÐ iex `ª ipbvewj, bri j, kir, gvwbk, mz wrr mgmö _ K evsjv Mv bi fvðvi wqj wqj- evsjvi bvbvb jvkr bv `wbk wkíkg Ggb Kx Zvi AuvKv Ac~e wpîkg! mb AvaywbK jvqjv nvmvb ivzvivwz e` j wm q Nievwo msmvi wkí ms wz me wemr b w` q wb R K evikv Ave Z K i 2-3 evi ^vgx e`wj q Ui Uvi GK gmwr `i Bgvg K we q K ib; w`b-`ywbqv Q o Øxb Bmjv gi Kv Q wd i Av mb PgrKvi PvKwi Q o wzwb vbxq GKwU gv`ªvmvq Aviwe cov Qb jvqjv nvmvb `i G ai bi ivzvivwz Avg~j cwiez bi ` óvš cöpyi KvbvWv _ K cöwz eqi A b KB g v-gw`bvq hvq nr Kivi Rb Avevi A b KB evsjv ` k hviqvi c _ hvîv weiwz ZI Igiv nr cvjb K i G Z mšw` Avi ei cöpzi evwyr nq hgb- ÔKvbvWvi mgmö wi UBj evwy R i fvmb nq ww m ^ i- ejvb evûj wµmgvm Dcj Õ *47 mšw` Avie Bmjv gi cövy K `ª hlv b kwiqv AvB bi ^M iv R A ea, A bwzk, A bmjvwgk Kg KvÐ Zv _ g bb Zv `i we bv` bi Rb D Ui RwK wn m e wkï-wk kvi `i wbg gfv e e envi, g bviä bi Rb fvizxq bz Kxi DËvj Zv Zv ˆ_ b Z, bvp-mvb, kiveñ G me Qvov Zv Aviexq ivrz š i ivrv-ev`kvn `i Rxeb G Kev i APj Avi ZvivB Rvgv Z Bmjv gi g Zv Bmjv gi K_v e j, Bmjv gi Av` k i K_v e j kl bexi `k, cweî Kvev kwi di `k, gw`bv wrqvi Zi `k, cweî n Ri `k, cweî Kziv bi Aviwe fvlvi `k Avi mb ` kb RNb KzKxwZ! ga cöv P ga hymxq ee izv- cökv k wki ñ` *

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99 Rvbv j, Zviv frb mikvi K gv PvB Z e jb, bb j Zviv Zv `i d Zvqv Abymv i wepv ii ûgwk `q A_P GB d ZvqvevwRiv QvÎRxe b evsjv ` k cömwzkxj ivrbxwz Z_v QvÎjxM ev QvÎ BDwbq bi mv _ m ú ³ wqj GLb ag KB wb R `i eg g b K i Uzwc c i KD gmwr ` hv Q, KDev wuwk i L XzK Q gw ` i *49 Z_ m~î: 1. BmjvgxKiY Bmjv gi wk v bq/gvijvbv n~ mb Avjx evsjvwbdr Uv qw U dvikg, A ±vei 08, 2011, XvKv 2. wd i G mv wd`v/ ˆ`wbK msev`, 31 gvp, 2010, XvKv 3. BD ivwcqvb `i evikvbxwz I Bmjvg; W. gybxi DwÏb Avng`, ˆ`wbK hymvš i, m Þ ^i 04, 2010, XvKv 4. LvwjR UvBgm, RyjvB 14, 2010, mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ 5. wewewm, m Þ ^i 22, 2011, jûb 6. BD ivwcqvb `i evikvbxwz I BmjvgfxwZ/ W. gybxi DwÏb Avng`, ˆ`wbK hymvš i, m Þ ^i 04, 2010, XvKv 7. H 8. gymjgvb `i msl v e w Z Av gwikv I BD ivc DwØMœ/ wkd Avi Bmjvg wewwwbdr24 m Þ ^i 30, 2010, XvKv 9. wmwewm wbdr, gvp 18, KvbvWv 10. wmwewm wbdr, ww m ^i 05, gw U«qj, KvbvWv 11. mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, RyjvB 07, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 12. m Þ ^i 16, 2011, iquvm, wewewm, jûb 13. vwumwuk KvbvWv, 2001, KvbvWv Pepulation by Religion by Provins and Tarritary, 2011, Canada BDGm Uz W, Rvbyqvwi 27, 1994, gvwk b hy³ivó«18. mvßvwnk ` ki Av jv, deªæqvwi 05, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 19. wcd dvivg Ab wiwjwrqb A vû cvewjk jvbd-gi mgx v, W qp f j cö_g Av jv e-k, A ±vei 04, mvßvwnk cöevm evsjv, gvp 15, 1996, gw U«qj, KvbvWv 21. Av gwikvi gymwjg m úöö`vq, mvßvwnk UvBg, 19 AvM 2011, gvwk b hy³ivó«22. H 23. WBwj Ui Uv mvb, m Þ ^i 12, 2011, KvbvWv 24. 9/11 Dcj gvwk b cöwm W Ui fvly, nvqvbu nvdm, IqvwksUb 25. CBC, September 07, 2011, Canada 26. ˆ`wbK Ui Uv mvb, g 28, 2010 KvbvWv 27. gymwjg `i wei gymwjg Mv q `v ev mvm t KvbvWvi wpwv/ ZvRyj gvnv `, cökvkk Ab cökvk, cökvkkvj: eb gjv 2007, XvKv c t Agwb Uwjwfkb, g 16, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 29. Avng`xqv m úöö`v qi 35Zg evwl K Kb fbkb, wgwmmvmvi B Uvib vkbvj m Uvi, RyjvB 1-3, 2011 Ui Uv, KvbvWv 30. mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, Ryb 23, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 31. mvßvwnk ` k we ` k, Rvbyqvwi 03, 2006, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 32. ` kwe ` k, A ±vei 31, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 33. wmwewm wbdr, AvM 24, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 34. ˆ`wbK cö_g Av jv, b f ^i 04, 20011, XvKv 35. KvbvWvi w`b, e½ m jb, QvM ji wzb b ^i ev Pv I Aïf gšjev`/dvi L dqmj, msl vt `k w`mš, RyjvB 1998, gw U«qj, KvbvWv Saudia Aramco World, july/agu, 1998 Ges h2g2/a WBwj M-ve A vû gbj, RyjvB 23, 2004, KvbvWv WBwj M-ve A vû gbj, A ±vei 19, 2011, KvbvWv 42. mvßvwnk ` k we ` k, 14Zg 42 msl v, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 43. KvbvWvi wpwv/ ZvRyj gvnv `, cökvkk Ab cökvk cökvkkvj: eb gjv 2007, XvKv c t Ck i-fvebv, Mvìwd ki ev ezv I nwks qi ÔMÖ vû wwrvbbõ/dviwmgv gvbœvb gvnv ` wewwwbdr 24, b f ^i 07, 2010, XvKv 45. UvBg g vmvwrb, gvp 31, 1997, gvwk b hy³ivó«46. mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, ww m ^i 16, 2010, Ui Uv, KvbvWv evsjvwbdr Uv qw U dvi.kg, A ±vei , XvKv Ke_Hay_Hridoy_Khure-12.pdf 197

100 KzB ek ^vaxbzv Pvq The Government of Quebec has made public its proposal to negotiate a new agreement with the rest of Canada, based on the equality of nations; this agreement would enable Quebec to acquire the exclusive power to make its laws, levy its taxes and establish relations abroad in other words, sovereignty and at the same time to maintain with Canada an economic association including a common currency; any change in political status resulting from these negotiations will only be implemented with popular approval through another referendum; on these terms, do you give the Government of Quebec the mandate to negotiate the proposed agreement between Quebec and Canada? -Wikipedia Ô nv QjvMvÕ ^vaxbzv Pvq nv QjvMv gv b KzB ek KzB e Ki Avw` bvg- nv QjvMv KvbvWv _ K GB KzB ek cöwf Ýi divwmfvlxiv ^Zš ivó«pvq KzB ek ^vaxbzv `vwei cökœwu KvbvWvevmxi Rb RvZxq mgm v G Rb `yõevi nu v/bv fvu n q Q `yõevib ÔbvÕ Rqhy³ n q Q KviY KvbvWvq ewkifvm KzB ekevmx H K wek vmx 1981 mv ji GK wnmve gvzv ek, KzB e K d«výevmxi msl v 82% Ges wbd eªvýdbk 31% A_ vr KvbvWvi 89% fvm d«výfvlxb KzB ekevmx ZviciI mviv KvbvWvq wecyj A_ e q K i me mikvwi- emikvwi bw_cî _ K ïi K i me wkqy ZB wøfvlx Kiv n q Q fvlvi Î mgvb gh v`v m Ë I KzB e Ki cöv `wkk mikv ii bxwzgvjv Ab vb cö ` ki P q c _K Bwg MÖkb AvBb, kªwgk AwaKvi, cy K cökvkbvi wbqg, mvs wzk bxwz _ K ïi K i W«vBwfs wbqg-kvbybi Avjv`v! cqb wd i ZvKv j `Lv hv e, Zv `i GB ^vwakvi eva m Zi-wesk `kk _ K ïi GKmgq KzB ek wqj d«v Ýi K jvwb 1759 mv j weªwu ki Dcwb ewkkzvi wkkvi n q KzB e Ki d«vâfvlxiv `ye j n q c o d j Zv `i g a vf Ges Ø Ø `vbv eu a D V eyw gvb weªwuk mvwe K kvm bi K_v f e Zv `i bv wc q Quebee Act 1774-Gi Aax b e Kiv kw³ I AwaKvi wdwi q w` q Nyg cvwo q `q Zv `i Nygš ^ `wk Av `vjb cybivq R M D V Ges 1837 mv j ^vqëkvm bi j mk we `ªvn K i GeviI weªwuk kvmkiv K v_wjk ag hvrk `i mn hvwmzvq Zv KŠk j `gb K i wewbg q ag hvrkiv 198 d«vý _ K widzdwr Avg`vwbmn bvbv ai bi my hvm MÖnY K i d j RvZxqZvev` Av `vjb cwiyz nq K v_jwkev `! jvfvj wek we` vjq g~jz GB Av `vj bi KviLvbv K `ª cwiyz nq Zv `i K qkr bi D ` v M 1960 mv j MwVZ nq RIN A_ vr Resemlement Paur L indepedance National. Zviv bxie wec-e ev Quiet Revolution ïi K i Zv `i g~j j wqj KvbvwWqvb Ges Bs ir AvMÖvmb _ K KzB ek I d«vâ fvlv K gy³ Kiv G Qvov 1968 mv j i b jv ek MVb K ib KÆi RvZxqZvev`x cvwu KzB ek (PQ) mv j KzB ek wjev ij cvwu i bzv ievu eyivmv cöv `wkk gzvq G j cöv `wkk AvBb mfvq BILL-IDI cvm Kwi q bq d j A-Bswjk `i Q j g q `i z j fwz eü n q hvq Awdm Av`vjZ-e emv-evwy R I divwm fvlvi Av `k Rvwi nq ZviciI 1985 mv j cöv `wkk wbe vp bi PQ gzvq Avm Z cv iwb Zvi gv b Zviv RbM Yi Av v AR b e _ n q Q Z e Zviv idv iû gi `vwe Z mv_ K nq ZviI Av M 1865 mv ji 3 d«i qvwi KvbvWxq msm ` dwv ikb msµvš KzB ek m j bi cö v ei Dci Av jvpbv Z_v wez K ïi nq c i 11 gvp IB cö v ei c 91/33 fv U Zv M nxz nq Z e d«vâfvlx m`m iv fvuv fvwu Z 27/22-G wefw³ nq c o I mlvb _ KB RvZxqZvev`x ex Ri DrcwË nq hv ciez x Z ÔMvQÕ bq, AvMvQvi m wó K i cö_gevi 20 g, 1980 Zvi 15 eqi ci wøzxqevi 30 A ±vei 1995 mv j n i M ji Zviv g b K i Zv `i Ô ^vaxbzv Ges RvZxqZvev`x Av `vjbõ _ g hvqwb mgq-my hvm g Zv Avev iv nqzv wew Qbœev`xiv GKwU c _K ^vaxb I mve fšg ivó«m o Zvjvi cybtcö Póvq Z_v KvbvWv fvovi Av `vj b b g co e KviY, KzB ekcwš `i civrq n ji Zviv g b K ib MYRvMi Yi Zv `i werq n q Q cö_gzñ Av M idv iûv gi P q 59.56% ebvg 40.44% ( c vš i fvu) Avi wøzxqevi 50.58% ebvg 49.42% ( c vš i fvu) fv Ui nvi e w c q Q wøzxqzñ nu v Avi bvõi e eavb gvî 50 nvrvi G Rb Zviv G v_wbk MÖæc Ges Awfevmx `ii `vlviƒc K ib wkš ch v jvpbv Ki j `Lv hvq, d«vâevmxivb Ônu võ-gi we ivwazv K i Q KviY KzB e K d«vâevmx n Q- 82% Avi G v_wbk 18% Zv Z `Lv hvq, A a K d«vâevmxb ÔbvÕ-Gi c ZviciI Av `vjbkvixiv idv iûv gi Av MB AvcwËKi cv vwis K i Q- Ô fvu di B qm Ai Mv e vk nvqvi BD Kvg d«g Õ G Z KzB ek Avjv`v Kivi Av `vjbkvixiv KvbvWvi X K _vkv iwmwr gi 199

101 (mv úö`vwqk) iƒc K cökv k Zz j a i Q Ges Aw i K i Zyj Z PvB Q KvbvWvi gvbwpî K lvu `k Ki kl w` K ZrKvjxb cöavbgš x iwb j fk GB ÔAvZ NvZxÕ Av `vj bi m~pbvkvix c i R vk c vwi Rv i ÔcvwU KzB ekzqvõ Ges Ôe-K KzB ekõ hš_fv e msmöv g b g c o wkš g b wb Z nq civrq A_P mb mgq- cöavbgš x Ru v µwz q wq jb KzB ekevmx ïay cöavbgš xb bq, Mfb i Rbv ij, ciivó«gš x, A_ gš x, n vwi UR gš xmn A b KB i Z c~y e w³b wq jb d«vâevmx I KzB ekevmx h nzy Zviv Ôdivwm fvlvõi Rb c _K ivó«cöz vkv K i, mrb idv iûv gi Av M d«v Ýi cöwm W U R vk wmivk Ô ^vaxb KzB ekõ qi ^xk wzc Î mb Kivi Rb 23 A ±vei _ KB Kjg Ly j A c v KiwQj Avi Zvi wec A_ vr KvbvWvi ALÐZvi c ZrKvjxb gvwk b cöwm W U wej wk bub D ØM cökvk K i e j Q- ÔKvbvWv n jv we k i Rb GKwU g Wj ev D`vniY hlv b wewfbœ fvlvfvlx jvk AvZ wbqš Yi AwaKvi wb q kvwš c~y fv e emevm Ki Q Avi KvbvWvi ZrKvjxb cöavbgš x wg. R vk e j Qb, ww fvm wb q we-g v ir Ki Z P q KzB ek bzviv Zv `i eyw gëvi wbj ¾ cögvy Ki Z P q Q ^vaxbzv cöz vkx KzB ekevmx mve fšg Z i cq b A bk KviY `Lvb hw` I cöavb KviY fvlvmz Zvici I Zviv g b K ibñ 1 KzB e Ki RbMY wb R ^ AvB WbwUwU wb q ^vaxbfv e euvp Z Pvq 2 KzB ek ^vaxb n j KzB e Ki A_ bwzk Ae v AviI fv jv n e 3 KvbvWvi cöfvegy³ n j KzB ek wb R ^ K wó fvlv I ms wz K i v Ki Z cvi e 4 ^vaxbzvkvgxiv `vwe Ki Q ^vaxb n ji KzB e Ki RbMY KvbvWvi cvm cvu, KvbvwWqvb Wjvi I KvbvWvi bvmwiz ervq ivl Z cvi e 5 dwv ij Mfb g U KzB ek K evievib wewfbœ AwaKvi I my hvm-myweav _ K ewâz Ki Q ^vaxbzvev`xiv ej Q KzB ek Avi KvbvWvi nv Z ewâz I kvwlz n Z Pvq bv 6 KzB e Ki ^vaxbzvkvgx `j jv `vwe Ki Q, KzB ek ^vaxb n j KzB ek I Aewkó KvbvWvi g a GKwU B KvbwgK I cwjwuk vj BDwbqb M o DV e hv Aek B KvbvWv Pv ci gy L Ki Z eva n e 7 we k i `iev i d«v Ýi evb i GKwU d«v v dvb ivó«wn m e KzB ek cöwzwôz n e GwU KzB e Ki DMÖRvZxqZvev`xiv MZ 25 eqi hverb Kíbv Ki Q Aev wek wpš vi wfwë Z ^vaxbzvkvgx wew QbœZvev`x `j e-k KzB ekzqv I cvwu µzb ekzqv D j-wlz `vwe jv Dc vcb K i e vck cöpvi Awfhvb Pvwj q Q wemz eqi jv Z Z e H K wek evmxivi A bk bwzevpk wpî Zy j a i Qb hgb idv iûv gi ïi ZB A bkb e emv wu q wb Z _v K, MY fv Ui GKw`b ci Bwg MÖkbgš x mvwr I gvwm KzB e K Bwg MÖ U I wiwddwr MÖn Yi nvi n«vm K i `b, Av_ mvgvwrk-ivr bwzkfv e `vi Y wzmö i m ylxb nq, KzB e Ki gv_vwcqy 19,767 Wjv ii FY AwbwðZ fwel Zi w` K wb q hv e BZ vw` Avevi Avw`evmxiv e jb, G `k Avgv `i G ` k Avgiv Avw`evmx AvgivB wm vš be KzB ek KvbvWvi _vk e wkbv? hviv ^vaxbzv `vwe Ki Q, ZvivB Zv cimvqv Gw` K, idv iûv gi mgq ÔBûw` cyuwr wewb qvmkvix cö `k cvwo `qvi K_v fve Q fve Q e emv-evwyr wu q Ab Kv_vI cyuwr wewb qvm Ki Z Avi ÿz ` e emvqxiv Zv `i Aw Z i K_v fve Z cvi Q bv GB ^vaxbzvi wnwo K A` vewa eûmsl K e emvwqk cöwzôvb eü K i KzB ek K WevB K i P j M Q nsks qi cyuwr wewb qvmkvixiv KzB e K cyuwr wewb qvm Ki Z mvnm cv Q bv KzB e K Bwg MÖkb ZwoNwo K i nsks GZ eo AvKv ii Awdm Ly j e m Q wkš Zv Z Kvb mvov wgj Q bv Zviv ej Qb, Zvgv `i ` k e emvi wbivcëv bb ILv b cyuwr wewb qvm Kiv hv e bv hlv b G ` ki e emvqxiv AvZw¼Z mlv b evb ii cyuwr wewb qvmkvix cyuwr wb qvm Ki e Kx K i?õ Aciw` K AwfevmxivI GB Av `vj bi wec evsjv `wkivi ÔbvÕ KwgwU MVb K iwqj hvi mfvcwz wq jb gvkzvk Avn g` Zviv 22 A ±vei 1995-G

102 IMjwf w ª U mgv ek K iwq jb Avevi Av ik `j (Avnv`-cvbœv) Ônu võ-gi c hyw³ w` q e jb, Avgiv GK b`x i ³i wewbg q fvlv Av `vj bi gva g ^vaxbzv (evsjv `k) AR b K iwq Gi mv _ KzB e Ki ^vaxbzv msmövg I mve fšg Z i `vwei g a HwZnvwmK hvmm~î Av Q ÔbvÕ fvu wer qi ci KzB ek bvbv ai bi Pv ci g a c o bzviv msmövg Pvjv e e j NvlYv w` ji 24 NÈvi g a B dv w` q ivrbxwz Z vm K i Qb bz Z `vbkvix jywmqvg eyk vw wzwb e j Qb, idv iû gi K_v ïb j Zvi 5 eq ii mš vb _yzy d j Avi Zvi x e j Avwg ÔAvgwiKvb Õ d j we ivwazv wqj wbr M nb Av ik bzv m ú K evsjv `wk mvsevw`k wj L Qb, epvwi R µwp qi Ae v ` L cöl vz cöqvz mvsevw`k Rûi fvb qi GKUv Dw³i K_v g b cojñ KvbvWvi ivr bwzk Ae v ` L g b n Q cöavbgš x R KvwZ qi AÐ Kvl wm j Ui dvuv euv k AvU K M Q mb mgq KvbvWvi g~javivi KvM Ri cvkvcvwk evsjv cwîkv jvi Gme wpî Zy j a i hgbt 1 gw U«qj K KvbvWvi bzyb cö `k wn m e M o Zvjvi cö Póv/KvRx Avkivdz¾vgvb, 2 ^vaxbzvev`xiv wk wrz eb/we`y r fšwgk, 3 ^í fv Ui e eav b KvbvWvi ALÐZv i v cj/b~i gvnv ` KvRx, 4 KzB ek idv iûvg Ges Avgiv/i gy Bmjvg, 5 KzB ekt cö `k, RvwZ, ^Zš mgvr/ Avãyj Kv `i PŠayix, 6 KvbvWxq Kb dwv ikbt ïi I kl/ Avãyj Kv `i PŠayix, 7 fvo bi D Q vm : KzB ek idv iûvg wksev Avmbœ KzB ek idv iûvg wb q evovwj fvebv A_ev KvbvWv AL Ði cökœ : KzB e Ki fvm cix v cöf wz 2011 mv ji 12 A ±vei wmaviiwc KZ K cwipvwjz I cökvwkz Rwi c dwv ij AvBwWqv Z 63% KzB ekevmx dwvwiwjr g AvMÖnx, wek vmx Ges Mwe Z Avi 71% g b K i KzB e Ki ^vaxbzv ev Avjv`v ivó«niqvi welqwu GLb AZxZ ZvB GB ivr bwzk wezk KzB ekevmx cöz vl vb K i Q Z e G Rwi c GL bv 19% wb R `i ^vaxbzvkvgx g b K i Avi 37% c -wec Kv bv w` KB bb KvbvWv cövq cöwz eqib we k i kªôzg `k wn m e ^xk wz cv Q we k i kªôzg ` ki bvmwik wn m e KzB e Ki RbMY wk Mwe Z ev jvfevb n QÑ bv ewâz n Q G cö kœi mwz Kvi A _ Reve jv wb gœ `qv n jvñ hlv b KzB ek I KvbvWv GK Ges ALÐ _vkvi ^c AZxe i Z hyw³ jv cökvk cvq `yb Rvg vwb hlb GK n q Q ïay ZvB bq; Rvg vwb, wmök, divwm, BZvwjqvbiv MvUv BD ivc nv Z nvz a i AvMvgx c w_ex bz Z i ^cœ ` L ZLb mvwf qz 202 BDwbq bi g Zv KvbvWv K UzK iv UzK iv Kivi Ôlohš Õ K cöwznz Kivi ` pzvq ewkifvm KzB ekevmx HK e ZviciI Ônu võ civr qi ci Av ikwu MÖæc Ab `vwe Dc vcbv K ib, KzB ek _ K Avjv`v n q ^Zš cöwfý n e gw U«qj wkš m Av `vj bi ˆeVv nv j cvwb cvqwb Z e divwmfvlxiv MY fv U MYiv qi cöwz kª v eva `Lv ji, Zv `i gb _ K 30 A ±ve ii Nv gy Q hvqwb Z_ m~î : 1. Fitzmaurice, John (1985). Québec and Canada; Past, Present, and Future. C. Hurst & Co. Ltd.. pp. 47. ISBN Citizenship blitz in Quebec. The Montreal Gazette. August 31, 1995, Montreeal. Canada. 3. gvwmk `k w`mš, g 1998, Ryb msl v 1998 Ges RyjvB 1998 msl v gwu«qj, KvbvWv 4. mvßvwnk cöevm evsjvt A ±vei 13, 1995/ A ±vei 27, 1995/ b f ^i 03, 1995/ gvp 08, 1996 gw U«qj, KvbvWv 5. MYiv q cöwz kª v eva/ ZvRyj gvnv ` KvbvWvi wpwv cökvkkt Ab cökvk, d«eªæqvwi 1907, XvKv 6. CROP, October 12, Montreeal. Canada 7. Former senator declares for Yes/ The Globe and maim, September 28, Canada

103 wr-8, wr-20 : mvdj e _ Zvi hvmdj ÔKvbvwWqvbiv wek wb q wpwš ZÕ wbdrwu covi ci g b n q Q, KvbvWv kvwš c~y fv e we k bz Z w` Z AvMÖnx * 1 BwZg a bvbvfv e Zvi ` óvš cviqv M Q Ui Uv Z AbywôZ wr-8, wr-20 m jbi Zv cögvy K i D³ m j bi cöv v j 24wU ` ki 18 nvrvi gvby li Ici Rwi c Rvbv hvq, 67% KvbvwWqvbiv wek vm K i h Avš R vwzk A½ b Zv `i i Z c~y f~wgkv Av Q *2 c vš i KvbvWvi evb ii 55% gvbyli Ggb aviyv cvly K i 1904 mv j KvbvWvi cöavbgš x DBj d«w bwiqai GK fwel ØvYx Z e jwq jb, Ebwesk kzvãx n e hy³ivó«avi KvbvWvi wesk kzvãx K wb R `i e j `vwe Ki Z cvi e hy³ivó«-hy³ivr hfv e wek bz Z w` Z Pvq, KvbvWv mfv e bq; kvwš -mg w - mšnv` Dbœq bi gva g Ae`vb ivl Z Pvq Gev ii wr-m j bi Zv cöwzdwjz n q Q gvz wkï ^v myi v, `vwi`ª I ekviz we gvpb, A_ bwzk gyw³, mš vm `gb, Rjevqyi cwi ek i vq KvbvWv me mgq m PZb Gevi bv ej werqx cö dmi W. gynv ` BDb~m e j Qb, ez gvb wek g `v wr-20- K m úömvi Yi my hvm G b w` q Q GKwU ivr bwzk c-vudig wn m e ïay A_ bwzk I Avw_ K wel qi g a mxgve _vkvi Avi Kv bv my hvm bb mvgvwrk G RÛv ˆZwi Kiv GLb GB MÖæ ci R b AZxe i Z c~y n q `uvwo q Q BD ivc I Ab vb ` ki Ae v we k-ly K i GB aviyv ` p n q Q h, mvgvwrk welq K i Z `qvi Kv bv wekí bb d«v Ýi wb m wr-20 Zi Y D ` v³v m j b g~j wbeü Dc vc bi mgq wzwb Av iv e jb, hy³iv ó«i Iqvjw «U `LjKvix `i Av `vjb Ges ekvi Z i nvi e w i cö vc U mvgvwrk e emv K wr-20õi G RÛv wn m e Aš f y³ Kivi cö ve Ki Qb wr-20 GLb niqv DwPZ wr-25 cöwzwu gnv `k _ K Aš Z GKwU K i `wi`ª `k K GB MÖæ ci m`m Kiv DwPZ hv Z Zv `i K_v GB dviv g ej Z cv i Zi Y D ` v³vivb fwel Zi iƒckvi wecyjmsl K Zi Y D ` v³v K GKwÎZ Kivi Rb wzwb wr-20- K ab ev` Rvbvb m j b wr-20fy³ `k _ K wb m mg ez n qwq jb Pvik Zi Y D ` v³v Zv `i D Ï k W. BDb~m e jb, Avwg wb R GKRb D ` v³v cö_ g MÖvgxY e vsk w` q Avgvi D ` v³v Rxe bi ïi Gi ci G K G K bvbv cöwzôvb M o Zy jwq 204 meb mgv Ri Kj v Y, mvgvwrk D Ïk mva b * mv j abx `k jv A_ bwzk dvivg d«v Ý 6 RvwZ wb q wr hvîv ïi K i c ii eqi ivwkqv I KvbvWv hy³ n q wr-8 c~y v½ iƒc jvf K i wkí DbœZ I Dbœqbkxj ` ki A_ bwzk mn hvwmzvi j GB Rv Ui m wó Giv n jvhy³ivó«, hy³ivr, d«vý, Rvg vwb, BZvwj, Rvcvb, ivwkqv Ges KvbvWv Gevi wqj câg m jb cövq GKB Av` j KvbvWvi mv ek cöavbgš x cj gvwu bi Kzwo RvwZ wb q mn hvmx msmvb wr-20 ˆZwi K ib G `i ZvwjKvq KvbvWv, hy³ivr, hy³ivó«, A «wjqv, d«vý, Rvg vwb, BZvwj, ivwkqv, Pxb, fviz, `. Avwd«Kv, `. Kvwiqv, gw Kv, Av R w Ubv, eªvwrj, B `v bwkqv, mšw` Avie, Zyi Ges BD ivcxq BDwbqb i q Q 2011 b f ^ i `. Kvwiqvq ciez x wr-20 m jb AbywôZ nq 25 _ K 27 Ryb 72 NÈv A_ vr Pvi w`be vcx Ui Uv Z AbywôZ n jv h_vµ g wr- 20 I wr-8 m jb m j bi mvd j i cvkvcvwk e _ ZvI Av jvwpz n q Q, wezk n q Q, BwZevPK m j bi bwzevpk w`k mvivwe k i ` wó K o Q we kl K i KvbvWvi BwZnv m bwriwenxb mwnsmzv, R vjvi- cvovi, fvopyi, gviwcu, MÖdZvi KvbvwWqvbiv wew Z Ges mikvii weeªz KviY MÖdZv ii nvz _ K mvsevw`kivi invb cvbwb KvbvWvi BwZnv m GB MY MÖdZvi ikw m wó K i Q cövq 2 wewjqb e q AbywôZ G m jbø qi wmsnfvm A_ vr 1.24 LiP n q Q K Vvi wbivcëvi Rb G wn m e cöwz NÈv 50 wgwjqb A_ vr cöwz wgwb U LiP n q Q 8.33 nvrvi Wjvi Rvbv M Q, RvwZms Ni mviv eq ii LiP nq GB m j bi A a K UvKv! Ui Uv g v U«v Kb fbkb m Uv i wr-20 Ges Ui Uvi A`~ i nv U mwf ji wwqvi nv wi mv U wr-8 m j b GB wecyj cwigvy A_ e qi cöwzev` K i Q A b KB 205

104 cöwzev`x hyek cywj ki Mvwo Z Av b R vwj q ÿvf cökvk Ki Q mgv jvpkiv cökœ Zy j Qb we k i `wi`ª gvby li Kj v Yi Rb m jb bvwk wejvmeûj we bv`b GB A_ Gfv e LiP bv K i `wi`ª `i Rb e q Ki j m j bi D Ïk mv_ K n Zv! cöwzev` ïay mgv jvpkivb K ibwb, K i Qb nvrvi nvrvi KvbvwWqvb ïay Ui UvevmxB bq; Ab vb cöwfý _ KI hvm w` q Q m-vmvb, d yb I we v fi gva g cöwzev`xiv cwi ek i v, mvgvwrk Aw izvi Aemvb, Kg ms v bi `vwe, gvbevwakv ii myi vi `vwe Rvbvq mvgwik Kvq`vi wbivcëv K e v½ywj `wl q cöwzev`xiv we v f d U c o Q evsjv `wk vb j m wó K i Q mswnmzv, cywo q w` q Q cywj ki Mvwo, fvopyi K i Q `vkvbcvu Avi cywjki wuqvim vm Q o Q, AgvbywlK wbh vzb K i Q, MÖdZvi K i Q 930 Rb K 1970 mv ji mvgwik kvm bi ci wecyj RbMY K MÖdZvi Kiv n qwqj, Zvi msl vi Gi P q Kg cywjk evwo evwo wm q mvaviy bvmwik Avi K v úv mi QvÎ `i MYnv i MÖdZvi K i Q cy iv mßvn Ui Uvq Uvb Uvb D ËRbvq WvDbUvDb ÔKvbvWvi `ym Õ-G cwiyz n qwqj bwriwenxb wbivcëvi Kvi Y wbwñ`ª Kov wbivcëvq Ui Uv g U«v Kb fbkb m Uv ii Avkcv k RxebhvÎv wewnœz n q Q, A bk Awdm-Av`vjZ, `vkvbcvu eü wqj d j WvDbUvDb cövq Rbk~b n q fzzy o bmix Z cwiyz n q Q ` L g b n q Q nizvj nizvj bq, Kov KviwdD cvm Qvov PjvPj wbwl G Rb cöwzev`x n q D V Q bmievmx Zxeª mgv jvwpz n q Qb cöavbgš x w db nvicvi kzvwak Avw`evmx m úö`vqi cöwzev` 206 K i m-vmvb w` q Q- No G-20/ No Stolen Native Land!Ó ch v jvpbv Ki j `Lv hv e- 1 A UvwiI cöv `wkk mikvii cökœ Zy j Q, wek bzv `i wbivcëv w` Z wm q mikvi bvmwik `i AwaKvi niy K i Q 2 K vb wmwfj wjevwu G mvwm qkb, A vg bw B Uvib vkbvjmn gvbevwakvi ms vmg~n bvmwik AwaKvi y Yœi cöwzev` Rvwb q MÖdZviKvix `i gyw³ `vwe K i Q, e emvqx `i 40% wewµ n«v mi wzc~iy `vwe K i Q BwZc~ e 2001 mv j KzB ek kn i AbywôZ Av gwikv m j b 2 wgwjqb Wjvi wzc~iy w` q Q 3 wewfbœ AvBwb ms v cywj ki wei 75wU Awf hvm msmön K i Q Ges hviv gvgjv Ki Z AvMÖnx Zv `i AvBwb mnvqzv `qvi NvlYv w` q Q Ges GKvwaK Z`š Pj Q 4 A UvwiI wcöwgqvi g vk BbwU e j Qb, GB m jb Ui Uvi Rb GKUv ZwPý cywj ki Mvwo cvov bvi ` k KvbvwWqvbiv Lye mn R gb _ K gyq Z cvi e bv Avi Ui Uvi gqi WwfW wgjvii ^xkvi K i Qb, Ui Uv Z G m jb fyj wm vš wqj 5 wewfbœ ms v cywjwk wbh vz bi cöwzev ` cywjk cöavb Rb e-qv ii c`z vm `vwe K i Q 6 MZ eqi (2009) hy³iv ó«abywôz m j b we vfkv j mwnsmzvq 1 e w³ gviv M Q Gevi Zv nqwb mrb B A b KB m j bi mvdj g b K i Q 7 KvbvWvi GL bv ekvi Z i nvi 9% nvicvi Zv mgvavb bv K i Ô`wi`ª wb q ivrbxwzõ K i Q ZvB m-vmvb wqj Ô bv Iqvi, bv K vwcuvwjrg Õ 8 m j b wzb nvrvi `wk-we `wk mvsevw`k Ask wb q Q G Z KvbvWv mikvi g b K i cöpv ii gva g KvbvWvi fveg~wz D¾ j n e hw`i Ui Uvi ˆ`wbK M-ve A vû gbj, Ui Uv vi, Ui Uv mvb, Ui Uv g U«v, wmwc-24mn cövq me wgwwqv m j bi Zxeª mgv jvpbv K i Q 9 wbivcëvi bv g GZ wekvj AsK e q, hv MZ eqi hy³iv ó«i m j bi P q 51 Y ewk hv RvwZms Ni cy iv `yõeq ii ev RU hv A bkuv AcPq g b K i we kláiv ZviciI KvbvWv mikvi g b K i wek bz e `i wbivcëv Ges Ô gngvb `Õi Avc vq bi Rb GKUv mwvk wqj 66% KvbvwWqvbivI g b K i G m jb KvbvWvi fveg~wz D¾ j K i Q gvwk b mvsevw`k bv_vwb qj MÖv bdw wbdbqk UvBg m ÔwR-20 Pyw³ I cöz vkvõ kxl K jlvq wj L Qbwek A_ bxwzi fvimvg nxbzv wbim bi ZvwM` Abyfe Kiv nq 2008 mv j we kl K i ` k ` k g `vi av vq hlb mvgwók A_ bxwzi PvKv wei niqvi Dcµg nq ZLb wek e vsk I AvBGgGdB cö_g G e vcv i Lvjv gjv gz e ³ K i m 207

105 Abyhvqx K qk `dv wek A_ bxwz wbqš YKvix dvivg wr-20-gi bz e ` wewfbœ v b ˆeV KI wgwjz nb wkš bvbv cöwzeükzvq kl Aewa Kvh Ki Kv bv wm v š DcbxZ n Z cv iwb wr-20 bz e ` MZ eqi KvbvWvq eû cöz vkv wb q kxl m jb n ji Zv Z gzcv_ K KvwU q DVv m e nqwb Avi m Kvi YB Zvrch c~y Kv bv Pyw³I ^v wiz nqwb Z e cö Póv wqj G e vcv i eo wkqy AR bi *4 D j-l, gvz I wkï ^v myi vq 500 KvwU Wjvi Aby gvw`z n q Q Zv QvovI we k i A_ bxwz g `v `~ixkiy Zxeª ekvi mgm v mgvavb, Rjevqyi cwiez b, hy mš vm `g bi Rb G m j bi cö qvrb i Z c~y KvbvWvi cöavbgš x w db nvicvi m jb K ïay UK kvi g a mxgve bv i L wr-8 `k jvi c` c wn m e 500 KvwU UvKvi GKwU Znwej M o Zv jb RvwZms Ni gnvmwpe evb wk gyb G NvlYvi cöksmv K ib hv KvbvWv wr-8, wr-20-gi gva g wek evmxi Kv Q bvbvb cöwzev` cöwzk jzvi fzii my `ifv e Dc vcb Ki Q *5 Z_ m~î: 1. mvßvwnk ` e½j UvBgm WUKg, Ryb 24, 2010, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 2. wn vwikv Wwgwbqb Bbw wudu/ryb 21, ˆ`wbK B ËdvK, b f ^i 03, 2011, XvKv 4. ˆ`wbK B ËdvK, gvp 03, 2011, XvKv 5. WBwj M-ve A vû gbj, WBwj Ui Uv vi, WBwj g Uªv Ui Uv, wmwewm wbdr cöf wz 208 `yõ ` ki hš_ mvjzvgvwg Avgv `i evsjv bee l A_ vr c njv ˆekv L HwZn evnx nvjlvzvi cöpjb Av Q wkš Bs iwr bee l Zv bv _vk ji cq b d j Avmv cyi bv eqiwu K Uv-Uv w` q bzyb eqiwu K ^vmz Rvbvq DrmegyLi cwi e k, gnv-aygav gi gva g Zvi Av M P j hvm-we qvm- Y-fv Mi mvjzvgvwg L. Gw` K wecyj Drmvn Avi AvZkevwRi gva g KvbvWvevmx K we`vq w` q 2012 Bs iwr beel K ^vmz Rvbv jv ga iv Z DrmegyLi cwi e k cöevmx evsjv `wkivi w`bwu K eiy K i bq G Dcj Ai Yv wek v mi Dc vcbvq KÉwkíx mvwebv Bqvmwgb Ges G Û«v wk kvi m½xz cwi ekb K i Drm e bzyb gvîv hy³ K ib G Qvov wewfbœ mvgvwrk I mvs wzk msmvb bvbvb Abyôv bi Av qvrb K i AvZ -mvjzvgvwg Z fvewq- Kx cjvg, Kx nvivjvg? wbr ^ L iv LvZvq wnmve g j bv A ¼ Avwg mvivrxebb KuvPv KL bv UvKv wvk g Zv b Z cvwi bv UvKv wzbevi b j Pvi ik gi irvë cvb ZvB Rxe bi wnmvei GKB ikg Zey 2011-Gi K_v fvewq evievi cq b wd i ZvKv j `Lv hv e, eqiwu Z Kv Qi gvbyl jv A bk `~ i P j M jb knx` eyw Rxex gywbi PŠayixi Q j L vwzgvb wgïk gwbi wq jb Avgv `i g ZvB KvbvWv cöevmx wzwb ` k GK mok `yn Ubvq wbnz n jb wpî cwipvjk Zv ik gvmy `i mv _ Avi K výv i Avµvš n jb f v¼yfv ii Avš R vwzk gvz fvlvi iƒckvi iwdkzj Bmjvg e w³mzfv e, eqiwu Z PvKwi nvivjvg Avi njvg ˆØZ bvmwik ÔKvbvWvi we kl cöwzwbwaõ wn m e bzzb K i hy³ njvg ˆ`wbK B Ëdv Ki mv _ mviv eqi KvR Kijvg ÔKvbvWvq hv eb, Kb hv ebõ ebwu wb q Avi eq ii ïi Uv n jvevsjvwbd R GK Q KweZv cökv ki gva g Ges ˆK kv ii eüz P úk wenvix ivd_ Ii d jeyi Ui Uvi evb i I kvqvi evmvq mvivw`b KvU jv mcwiev i AvÇvq-Avb `! 209

106 Avgvi g Zv cöwzwu cöevmxb Gfv e mvjzvgvwg MZ eq ii AvZ mgv jvpbv Ki Z cv ib KviY, ˆØZmËvq KvbvwWqvbevsjv `wkiv ˆØZ bvmwik wn m e mzyeüb ˆZwi Ki Z cv ib ewi q Mj KvbvWv Aciw` K, wer qi 40 eqi Dcj GKvË ii gyw³hy Ae`vb ivlvi Rb KvbvWvi cöqvz cöavbgš x wcqv i U«y Wv K we kl m vbbv NvlYv Kiv nq Avi evsjv ` ki cöavbgš x kl nvwmbv GK mßv ni QywU wb q KvbvWvq G m GKgvÎ Kb v I bvwz-bvzwbi mvwbœ a mgq KvUvb Gfv eb wemz eq i fv jvg ` KvbvWv Av jvpbvi K `ªwe `y Z cwiyz nq evsjv ` ki Kv Q `Lv hvk, AvMvgx w`b jv Z KvbvWv-evsjv ` ki eüzz Kvb w` K Movq M. KvbvWv GLb bvbv Kvi YB evsjv ` ki mv _ m úwk Z hgb- e½eüz nz vi mvrvcövß Lywb b~i PŠayixi Ae vb Zvi ivr bwzk Avkª qi Av e`b Pvi Pvievi cöz vl vb nq wkš AvBbMZ RwUjZvq KvbvWv Zv K wdwi q w` Z bvivr evsjv `k b~i K wdwi q bqvi Rb bvbvfv e Póv K i Av`ggš x L `Kvi gvkviid nv mb Q ji evwo Ny i wm q wg_ vpvi K i ejj- ÔKvbvWv K wlkªwgk b eõ mb my hv M ` k GK kªwy Av`g e emvqxiv ÔevwYR Õ K i XvKv wek we` vj qi wbh vwzz i gvbv gäyi f v¼yfv i Avkªq cvb wkš Zvi ^vgx RjnvR Z g Zz i ci GLb i gvbv wezwk Z n q DV Qb Ui Uvi cözvik gäyi gyi k` Lv bi `yb wgwjqb Wjvi AvZ mvr K i KvbvWv _ K cvwj q hvq Le i cökvk, Rj nz vi Ab Zg Avmvwg gri Lvqi ¾vgvb bvwk gw U«q j AvMgb cöevmx `i g a Av jvwpz nq hw`i G msev `i mz -wg_ v Rvbv hvqwb Gme NUbv QvovI Usiv wujv Zj D Ëvj b `yb xwzi Kvi Y bvb Kv Kv úvwb K Rwigvb Avi cùv mzy wbg v Y bvfvbv Kv úvwb KZ K Nyl cö`v bi Lei `yõ ` ki Rb B weeªzki GB `ywu KvbvwWqvb Kv úvwbi ci me kl Av jvpbvq Av m KvbvWvi Av ik Kv úvwb wfryqvj ww dý ` ki cöavb wegvbe `i nriz kvnrvjvj Avš R vwzk wegvbe ` ii wbivcëv e e v Dbœq bi `vwqz c qwqj eû wezwk Z wfryqvj ww dý BbKi cv ikb c i eva n q wcqy n U- wezwk Z Kv úvwb wfryqvj ww dý XvKvq KvbvWv `~Zvev m hvm w` q Qb bzyb nvbkwgkbvi wn_vi µ Wb Avi Gw` K A Uvqv evsjv `k `~Zvev m wb qvwrz `yb eq ii AwZwi³ gqv` kl n Z hv Q- eû wezwk Z cyi bv nvbkwgkbvi BqvKze Avjxi Avwd«Kvq AbywôZ Wvievb Rjevqy m j b NvlYv w` q wk qv Uv cö UvK j _ K

107 Avi Kv bv bzzb Awfevmx Pvb bv Ui Uvi gqi XvKv wmwu Ki cv ik bi gqi mv `K nv mb LvKv LyeB fvm evb gqi gqv` DËxY niqvi cii cövq cuvp eqi a i ^c ` envj wq jb gv S GKRb mikvwi cökvmk Zvi jvwfwl³ Kivi K_v DV ji cöavbgš x kl nvwmbv Zv evwzj K i weij ` óvš iv Lb KviY, LvKv evey wegbwci bzv e jb mwi q w` Z n e cöavbgš x GB cöwzwnsmvi ivrbxwz K ibwb Aciw` K XvKv wmwu Ki cv ik bi wbe vpb Sz j M ji, G w` K Ui Uvi wmwu wbe vpb n jv wba vwiz mg q A_ vr MZ 25 A ±vei 2010 wbe vp b gqi wbe vwpz n jb ie dvw wzwb WwfW wgjv ii jvwfwl³ n jb 2. KvbvWvi ez gvb msweavb 1982 mv j iwpz nq c~ e KvbvWv 1867 mv j cöyxz weªwuk DËi Av gwikv Aa v `k e j cwipvwjz nz Ges G Z Gi c i cöyxz AvBbmg~ n weªwuk mikvi K wkqy mvsweavwbk gzv cö`vb Kiv n qwqj *1 KvbvWvq ek KÕwU ivr bwzk `j _vk ji K `ªxq mikvi wn m e GLb gzvq i q Q KbRvi fwuf cvwu Avi we ivax `j n Q wjev ij cvwu Avi A UvwiI Z cöv `wkk mikvi n jv wjev ij cvwu GLv b 3 i mikvi i q Q K `ªxq, cöv `wkk Ges vbxq mikvi vbxq mikvi A_ vr wmwu Ki cv ik bi wjev ij cvwu i Ae vb Avi Av Mi g Zv bb m` wbe vwpz gqii KbRvi fwu fi mg_ b c q Q cöavbgš x w db nvicv ii ÔRe jmõ gv b PvKwiPÿ Z A_ vr Mw` nviv bvi (GLv b cöavbgš xi c` K PvKwi wn m e MY Kiv nq) m vebv evievi K U M ji Zuvi ` ji RbwcÖqZvi cvj-v fvix n Q RbwcÖqZvi Î wjev ij I KbRvi fwuf kl ch š Mjvq Mjvq Bcmm wiw Rwi c ejv n q QÑ RbwcÖqZvi Î KbRvi fwuf 34% Ges wjev ij 31% i q Q, hv wkbv GB gyn~ Z fvu n j cöwzdwjz n e wbd W gvµvu&m 15% wmöb cvwu Ges e-k KzB ek KvUv 9% cv e e j D j-l Kiv nq 1000 cövß eq `i Uwj dvb B UviwfDi gva g GB Rwic m úbœ nq *2 GLv b RvZxq Ges cöv `wkk GgbwK vbxq wbe vp bi fvuvi `i AvMÖn I Dcw wz w`b w`b n«vm cv Q bzyb cörš Av iv AwaK AvMÖn I ivr bwzk wegyl n Q MZ mv ji GK Rwi c cökvk, AwaKvsk KvbvwWqvb wk kvi-wk kvix ` ki cöavbgš x I Mfb i Rbv i ji bvg Rv b bv A b KB g b K i ` ki cöavbgš x eyk! 2000 mv ji wbe vp b eq ii Zi Y-Zi Yxiv gvî 22% fv U Ask bq hlv b hy³iv ó«24 fvm Aek 2004-G 38 kzvsk bri j wg Uv Zvi ÔDËi Av gwikvi PvjwPÎÕ MÖ š ÔKvbvWvi ivrbxwz Z Z_ Rv b bv, 15% g b K i fvu w` j Zv `i Rxe b Kv bv cwiez b Avm e bv Avi 13% fvu w` Z hvq bv e Zvi Rb GLvbKvi QvÎ msmvb jv Kv bv ivr bwzk ` ji jryoe wë K i bv Zv `i Kvh µg cöavbz wk vwelqk Bmÿ i g a mxgve KvbvWvi 36Zg mvaviy wbe vp bi GKwU PvjwPÎ _ K KvbvWvi ivr bwzk wp Îi cöwz Qwe dz U DV e ÒH wbe vp b 301 Rb mvsm `i g a 80% cyi l A_ vr 241 Rb wbe vwpz n qwq jb G `i g a 232 R bi eqm 40 _ K 50-Gi g a 70% A_ vr 209 Rb mvsm `i i q Q wek we` vj qi wwwmö fvu M nxz n q Q 67% gvî wemz wbe vpb jvi Zyjbvq G wbe vp b fvuviiv Drmvn `wl q Qb Kg bvmwikiv eo Kv bv cwiez b Pv Qb bv e jb AskMÖnY Kg e j aviyv Kiv n Q G wbe vp b gvu 1700 cöv_ x cöwzøw ØZv K ib werqx `i g a 210 Rb cybwb e vwpz n q Qb bzyb gy Li msl v n jv 91 G `i g a 9 Rb AvBb e emvqx, 10 Rb QvU e emvqx, 15 Rb cšimfv Ges cöv `wkk ivrbxwzwe`, 7 Rb wk K, 5 Rb Avgjv, 2 Rb BDwbqb bzv, 2 Rb bvm, 2 Rb Wv³vi, 2 Rb cywjk Awdmvi, 2 Rb K lk, 1 Rb mvsevw`k, 1 Rb wegvbkg x Ges 16 Rb Ab ckv _ K AvMZ KvbvWvi RvZxq msm ` h Z M j wek we` vj qi miv wwwmö wksev weivu e emvqx n Z n e Zv wkš bq GeviKvi msm ` 49 Rb mvsm` i q Qb hviv nvb yj m úbœ K ibwb AviI 43 Rb i q Qb Zviv KwgDwbwU K jr wksev evwywr K z j wm qwq jb gvî Gevi 60 Rb gwnjv mvsm` wbe vwpz n q Qb me P q ewk eq mi mvsm` n jb UW g vk DBwb Zuvi eqm 73 eqi wzwb f v¼yfvi _ K werqx n q Qb me P q Kg eq whwb wbe vwpz n q Qb Zuvi bvg w db U«v ^ j eqm 24 wzwb KzB e Ki j vk m U wrb Avmb _ K werqx n q Qb Ó *3 KvbvWvi wbe vp bi BwZnv m wek ikw n Q msl vjny mikv ii G ch š 9 evi msl vjny mikvi MwVZ n q Q hw`i Kv bv mikvib gqv` c~y Ki Z cv iwb me wbgœ 2 gvm 26 w`b msl vjny mikvi gzvq wqj wjev i ji bzv Av_ vi gnb, 1926 mv j me cö_g 1921 mv j 116wU Avm b wr Z wjev ij cvwu i DBwjqvg wbqb g vkvwä wks msl vjny mikv ii cöavbgš x nb ez gv b KbRvi fwu cvwu 98 Avmb c q Ab ` ji mg_ b mikvi MVb K i Q 213

108 civwrz w _vig vb werqx ie dvw w db nvicvi c vš i wjev ij cvwu i Avmb 135wU D j-l, we ivax ` ji Avmb msl v wqj 119 MZ 100 eq i wjev ij cvwu gzvq wqj 68 eqi *4 3. Ui Uv wmwu Ki cv ikb wbe vp b Gevi me vwak 52% Ui Uvwbqvb fvuvi fv U Ask wb q BwZnvm m wó K ib Zvi g a dvw cvb, (47.%) w _vig vb cvb (35.61%) Avi Z Zxq vb AwaKvix Rü v cvš vwb cvb (11.73% fvu) 41 eqi eq dvw 2.5 wgwjqb Ui Uvwbqvb `i 46Zg gqi n q ikw msl K fvu cvb, hv BwZc~ e KD cvbwb A bkuv AcwiwPZ dv W i Kv Q n i M jb mycwiwpz RR w _vig vb Zv Z Awfevmxiv wkqyuv nzvk n q Q we kl K i cöevmx evovwjivi A bk evovwjb Zuvi mv _ KvR K i Qb, Zuvi mv _ e w³mz cwipq wqj Zuvi e w³mz mnkvix kvgmyj Bmjvg Avgvi g q AwR Zv gvay h i ÔiƒcK_vi BwjkÕ ebwu w _vig vb K w` q Rvbvb h, bzyb cö b i Bwg MÖ U Kxfv e G Mv Q ebwu c o ZrKvjxb WcywU gqi w _vig vb AwR Zv K GKwU ï f QvcÎ `b Ges e w³mzfv e ^n jlv GKwU wpwv `b Avgv K Gfv eb wzwb RbwcÖqZv AR b K i Qb wkš Zv wbe vp b Kv R jv Mwb Zuvi G civrq wjev ij cvwu i civrq A bkuv PÆMÖv gi gwndwïb-gäyi Rq-civR qi g ZvB wkqyuv NUbv N U Q w _vi Avi dv W i Î Pvi eqi gqvw` wmwu Ki cv ik bi wbe vp b 40 Rb gqi c ` Ges 22wU Iqv W i Rb 44 Rb KvDwÝji c ` jovb q bv gb Zuvi g a `yõrb wbe vpb _ K m i `uvovb G `i g a GKgvÎ gwnjv cöv_ x mviv nvgmb w _vig vb DRvo K i mg_ b Rvwb q e jb, dv W i nv Z Ui Uv Ô wzmö Õ n e ZviciI 90 nvrvi Kg fv U n i M jb wzwb A_P 10 eqi Ggwcwc, wzb Uv g gš x, WcywU gqi wn m e w _vig v bi m vebv wqj D¾ j wbe vp bi Rwi ci jl Ki Kv Q w _vig v bi wpwv GwM qwq jb, KviY wzwb KvbvWvq eûrvwzi Z_v BwgMÖ v U `i c me `v m PZb ZvB w _vig v bi -vmvb n jv- Diversity Our Strength A_ vr ˆewPÎ ZvB Avgv `i kw³ c vš i i Ykxj dvw wecixzag x e³e w` q wezwk Z n q Qb wzwb MZ 12 m Þ ^i B BqK m Uv i BivwbqvÝ Kb fbkb Ks MÖm Av qvwrz Abyôv b dvw e j Qb ÔAvgiv Kv bv bzyb Awfevmx PvB bvõ hv Awfevmx `i g a wgkª cöwzwµqv m wó n q Q Z e U v n«vm, bzyb mvei q wbg vy, Qvi cvkv wbab, cywjk e w cöf wz cöwzköæwz nq Zv BwZevPK KvR K i Q mgkvgx w _vig v bi e w³rxe bi wel qi fvuvi `i bwzevpk cöfve d j Qb Aciw` K dv W i wei I mv ek x K wbh vzb, g` cvb Ae vq Am`vPiY, gvwiryqvbv gv`k`ªe en bi Awf hvm i q Q cî-cwîkvq Qvcv n q Q h, wzwb wzb wzbevi Rj L U Qb Aek B BqK _ K BwZc~ e dvw wzb wzbevi KwgkbviI wbe vwpz n qwq jb *5 n i wm qi bzyb gqi dvw K Awfb `b Rvwb q mv ek WcywU gqi w _vig vb e j Qb, Differences a side, as a Torontonian who loves my city, I hope for your success, Rob *

109 4. G wbe vp b 4 cöevmx evsjv `wk cöv_ x n qwq jb 2 Rb gqi c ` h_vµ g Avãyj-vn evkx MvRx 7g Ges wzbevi c`cöv_ x gv bvqviv nv mb 13Zg vb jvf K ib Aciw` K 44 bs Iqv W wgr v gvnv ` Ges 31 bs Iqv W ms wzkg x iv mj ingvb (1.065 A_ vr % fv U) 7 R bi g a câg nb ZviI Av M ZviI Av M wmwu KvDwÝj c ` B Kvwe Kv-2 _ K Rvwgj Avng` Ges wipgû wnj-2 _ K Avey Avjg cöwzøw ØZv K ib wkš KDB wer qi gyl ` Lwb ciivó«gš x KvbvWv mdikv j e j Qb, cöev m wegbwc-aviqvgx jxm Kivi P qi ewk Ri wi evovwj Ggwc wbe vwpz Kiv 2002-G bii q Z evsjv `wk es kv ~Z mvqiv Lvb gvî 23 eqi eq m Ggwc n q Qb m úöwz jû bi UvIqvi n vj g U mi gqi wbe vwpz n q Qb K Zx evovwj jyrdi ingvb ^Zš cöv_ x Ges msl vjny gqi wn m e jyrdi weª U b BwZnvm m wó Ki jb- Zv K ï f Qv I Awfb `b Aciw` K hy³iv ó«i Ks MÖ mi BwZnvm M o Rqjvf Ki Q b evsjv `wk es kv ~Z n vbm b nvmwg K vk GB cö_g Kv bv evsjv `wk we k i m e v P gzvai iv ó«i gh v`vm úbœ KsMÖ mg vb wbe vwpz n jb weªwuk cvj v g U wm j Ui gqi i kbviv Avjxi Rqjv fi ci evsjv ` ki MŠi ev¾ j BwZnv m bzzb gvbjdjk hvm Kij b n vbm b K vk KvbvWvq K e Avm e mb mymsev`? Z_ m~î: 1. KvbvWvi ivrbxwz/dbwkwcwwqv 2. mvßvwnk hvmv hvm, AvM 27, 2010, gw U«qj 3. DËi Av gwikvi PvjwPÎ/ bri j wg Uv, `kwe `k cökvkbx, Ui Uv cökvkkvj : 2009, c ôv bs KvbvwWqvb wbe vpb Ges Avgiv/ KvbvWvi wpwv/ ZvRyj gvn ` cökvkk : Ab cökvk, XvKv cökvkkvj : 2007 c ôv AbjvBb mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, 28 A ±vei 2010, Ui Uv 6. ˆ`wbK Ui Uv g Uªv, A ±vei 26, 2010, Ui Uv 216 wk v_ x Ae vq bvmwik Z i myweav Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high, Where knowledge is free; Where the world has not been broken up into fragments by narrow domestic walls; Where words come out from the depth of truth; Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection; Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way into the dreary desert sand of dead habit; Where the mind is led forward by thee into ever-widening thought and action into that heaven of freedom, my Father, Let my country awake. -Rabindranath Tagore iex `ªbv_ VvKyi 1929 mv j KvbvWvq G mwq jb wk vwelqk e³ Zv w` Z Avi GLb Avgv `i Q j g qiv Av m wk v AR b Ki Z hw`i Zvi wk vwpš v I `k b wqj wfbœ mb wfbœzvi ` óvš - kvwš wb KZ bi wek fvizx cövq GKk eqi Av M iwe VvKzi h wk v c wzi K_v e jwq jb, M-vevj-GWy Kk b GLb mb c wz cöewz Z n Q Zuvi kvwš wb KZ bi Kb m Þi wk v c wzi Av jvpbvi `vwe iv L iex `ªbv_ wk v e³ Zvi Kvi Y bq; KvbvWvi wk ve e v h_v_ Kvi YB m e v P miv wk ve e v wn m e wek ^xk Z Ges bw `Z we k hvi Ae vb wøzxq * mv ji 5 m Þ ^i AvZvDi ingvb Lv bi bz Z ZrKvjxb c~e cvwk Ív bi cöv `wkk gwš mfvi wk vgš x n qwq jb Aveyj gbmyi Avng` c i wzwb 12 m Þ ^i nvmvb knx` mvniviqv` xi bz Z K `ªxq gwš mfvi wkí I evwyr gš x wbhy³ nb gvî 6 w` bi wk vgš x Aveyj gbmyi Avng` e jwq jb- Ôwk vi gvb wbpy Kiv Avgvi D Ïk bq Zvi `ikvi bb KviY wk vi gvb GLb wbpyb Av Q Avgvi D Ïk ïay cix vi gvbuv K wbpy Kwiqv wk vi gv bi mgch vq 217

110 AvbvÕ *2 AvR Avgv `i evsjv ` ki wk ve e vi Ae v Kv_vq Avgiv Rvwb bv lvu `k Ki 6 w` bi wk vgš x Aveyj gbmyi Avng` h wk vbxwz wpš v-fvebv K iwq jb, Zv ev evqb n j Avgiv Av iv A bk GwM q _vkzvg avb evb Z wm q wk ei MxZ M q jvf bb hv Av jvpbv KiwQjvg, m cöm ½B Av jvkcvz KivB fv jv cö Z K eqib we k i kªô wek we` vj qi g a KvbvWvi GKvwaK wek we` vj qi Ae vb BDwbfvwm wui Ae Ui Uv c w_exi miv 400 wek we` vj qi g a 19Zg vb `Lj K i wb q Q, hvi vi GKvwk `kwgk Qq miv 20wU wek we` vj qi g a Ui Uv BDwbfvwm wu KvbvWvi GKgvÎ wek we` vjq D PZi wk vi Rb miv 200 we` vcx Vi g a m e v P msl vi Î bqwu miv wek we` vj qi AwaKvix n q KvbvWvi Ae vb câg wek miv 100wU wek we` vj qi g a KvbvWvi Avi hme wek we` vjq i q Q, m jv n Q- BDwbfvwm wu Ae weªwuk Kjw ^qv (22Zg, vi 77.04) gw U«q ji g vkwmj BDwbfvwm wu (28, vi 75.5) I UvwiI n vwgj U bi g vkgv vi BDwbwfvwm wu (65, vi 61.00) Ges BDwbfvwm wu Ae AvjevUª v (100, vi 53.07) Ab w` K miv 400-Gi g a KvbvWvi AviI i q Q BDwbfvwm wu Ae gw U«qj (104, vi 53.01), KzBÝ BDwbfvwm wu (173, vi 44.06), BDwbfvwm wu Ae wf ±vwiqv (177, vi 44.02), BDwbfvwm wu Ae A Uvqv (185, vi 43.02) Avi hš_fv e 201Zg v b i q Q BDwbfvwm wu Ae IqvUvijy Ges BDwbfvwm wu Ae I q vb I UvwiI hš_fv e 226Zg v b BDwbfvwm wu Ae K vjmwi, Kvj Ub BDwbfvwm wu, Wvj nšwm BDwbfvwm wu I mvqgb d«mvi BDwbfvwm wu hš_fv e 276Zg v b BDwbfvwm wu Ae qjd Ges BqK BDwbfvwm wu Avi 301Zg v b i q Q BDwbfvwm wu Ae g vwb Uvev *3 hw`i cöwz eqi GB e v ivwguvi DVvbvgv K i KvbvWvi wk ve e v wb q jlv KwVb e vcvi KviY, GB ÎwU wekvj Ges eûgylx wk vi Î mgmö KvbvWvq Kv bv K `ªxq `dzi bb dwv ij mikvi Aax b wk ve e v bb; wk ve e v cö ` kwfwëk d j GK cö ` k _ K Av ik cö ` ki wbqgkvbyb wkqyuv wewfbœ Z e me cö ` kb D Pwk v cöwzôvb jv 40% Avmb ivlv nq ewnwe k i wk v_ x `i Rb cöwz eqi cövq j vwak wk v_ x K ^vmz Rvbvq KvbvWv d j 150wU `k _ K AvMZ wk v_ xiv we` vcxv jv Z wgkª ms wz Z gnv-wgjb gjvq cwiyz K i KvbvWvq wek we` vj qi msl v 90wU hvi me KÕwUB mikvwi mikvwi wek we` vjq QvovI 218 i q Q A bk emikvwi K jr I Bbw wudu KvbvWvq Bs iwr Ges d«â `ywub Awdwmqvj fvlv ZvB me wek we` vj qb G `yõfvlv ZB cov kvbv P j Bs iwr fvlvq co Z IELTS-G vi cö qvrb 5-6-Gi AwaK Avevi wek we` vjq f ` Gi wfbœzv Av Q Avi divwm fvlvq covi Î wek we` vj qi wbr ^ j v½y qr j ve cix vq DËxY n Z n e KvbvWvq wek we` vj q µwwu U«vÝdvi Kivi myewav Av Q G Qvov GLv b GK wek wew` vjq _ K Av ik wek wew` j qi µwwu U«vÝdvi Kiv mnr MÖvRyq U I AvÛviMÖ vryq U ch v q g~jz µwwu U«vÝdvi nq Z e µwwu U«vÝdvi KZ kzvsk ch š Kiv hv e, Zv wek wew` j qi Dci wbf i K i Avš R vwzk gvbm úbœ D Pkw vi Rb c w_exry o Pvwn`v i q Q KvbvWvi Av gwikv I BD iv ci P q KvbvWvq Zyjbvg~jK LiP Kg niqvq wek e vcx wk v_ x `i cq `i kxl ZvwjKvq KvbvWvi Ae vb KvbvWvi `kwu cö ` k wudkb wd GKiKg bq, LiPI wewfbœ ikg G wfbœzv Avevi wek we` vjq, d vkvwë ev welq jv ZI weªwuk Kjw ^qvq AvÛviMÖvRy qu Kv m cöwz wk ve l M o wudkb wd 14,500 _ K 17,200 KvbvwWqvb Wjvi MÖvRy qu Kv m i wudkb wd 2,500 _ K 34,000 KvbvwWqvb Wjvi AvjevUª vq MÖvRy qu Kv m cöwz wk ve l wudkb wd mv o 7 nvrvi _ K 17 nvrvi Wjvi A UvwiI cö ` k MÖvRy qu Kv m cöwz wk ve l wudkb wd 7 nvrvi _ K 17 nvrvi Wjvi MÖvRy qu Kv m i wudkb wd 5 nvrvi 6k _ K 37 nvrvi Wjvi KzB ek cö ` k wudkb wd AvÛviMÖvRy qu Kv m 10 _ K 12 nvrvi Wjvi Avi MÖvRy qu Kv m 9 _ K 21 nvrvi Wjvi bvfv wkqvq AvÛviMÖvRy q U wudkb wd 10 _ K 14 nvrvi Wjvi Avi MÖvRy qu Kv m 7 _ K mv o 9 nvrvi Wjvi wcöý GWIqv W AvÛviMÖvRy qu Kv m i wd cövq mv o 8 nvrvi Wjvi wbddvdûj vû I j veiv Wv i AvÛviMÖvRy qu Kvm wd AvbygvwbK 9 nvrvi Avi MÖvRy qu Kvm wd 2 _ K mv o 3 nvrvi KvbvwWqvb Wjvi Rxebhvc bi ÎI wewfbœ cöwf Ý i q Q wfbœzv Z e _vkv-lviqv Zyjbvg~jKfv e e qeûj AvbygvwbK GKRb wk v_ xi Lvevi, hvzvqvz I Uwj dvb wejmn Ab vb LiP c o eq i 11 nvrvi _ K 14 nvrvi Wjvi Avi wpwkrmv e qi G KK cö ` k G KK ikg GKRb Qv Îi eq i wpwkrmv eve` LiP nq mv o 3k _ K 8k KvbvwWqvb Wjvi mswk-ó wk v-cöwzôvb wpwkrmv exgvq LiP enb bv Ki j wb RB mb wpwkrmvi me LiP enb Ki Z nq muvi wkqyuv e qeûj wek we` vjq jv Z AvÛviMÖvRy qu ch v q cövq `k nvrvi Ges cv MÖvRy qu ch v q cövq wzb nvrviwu welq i q Q Gi Ab Zg n jv- Bs iwr, vcz weávb, 219

111 mvgvwrk weávb, A_ bxwz, Mvn A_ bxwz, m½xz, BwZnvm, `k b, ag, bvuk, AvBb, wer bm A vwwgwb «kb, Kw úduvi mv qý, dzw mv qý, ev qvjwr, wdwr, Kwgw «, B jku«wb, gwwk vj mv qý, gwib A v dqvm, wrimövwd, A v «vbwg, wd jvmwd, Kw úduvi mv qý, Kb «vkkb A vû wi mv m m, B j±«wb, gwwk vj mv qý A vû mvwf mm, gwib A v dqvm, Bbdi gkb g v br g U, GwMÖKvjPvi B Kvbwg, A vcøvbw Kw úduvi mv qý, KwgK vj BwÄwbqvwis I Bbdi gkb g v br g U, A v iv úm BwÄwbqvwis, A v «vbwg. A vcøvbw wrimövwd, wmwfj BwÄwbqvwis, KwgK vj BwÄwbqvwis, B jkwu«k vj BwÄwbqvwis A vû Gbfvqib g Uvj nj_ BZ vw` G Qvov K jr I Bbw wud U i q Q bvbv ai bi Kvm GLv b g~jz D Pwk v wb qb ewk Av jvkcvz Kiv n Q KvbvWvq D Pwk vi wzbwu i i q Q G jv n Q- 1. mœvzk wwwmö, 2. gv vm wwwmö, 3. wcgbpww wwwmö wzbwu mwg v i fwz Kvh µg P j dj mwg vi m Þ ^i _ K ww m ^i, DB Uvi mwg vi Rvbyqvwi _ K GwcÖj, Ges g _ K AvM ch š w úös/mvgvi mwg vi GLv b 8 gv m GK wk vel, d j 4 gvm wd«mgq 1. GBPGmwm ev mggv bi cix vq DËxY ivb mœvzk Kv m fwz n Z cv i ewkifvm wek we` vj q fwz i Rb AvBBGjwUGm vi 6 _ K 6 `kwgk 5 A_ev Uv dj wmwewu vi 213 _ K 237 A_ev Uv dj AvBwewUi vi 80 _ K 93 Gi g a _vk Z n e G Qvov cövq me wek we` vj q fwz i Rb m vu-1 Ges bzyb wek we` vj q fwz i Rb m vu-2 cö qvrb nq mœvzk Kv m i gqv` 3 _ K 4 eqi 2. gv v m fwz n Z Kgc 16 eq ii GKv WwgK Kvm m úbœ Ki Z nq wk vmz hvm Zvi cvkvcvwk fvlvmz hvm ZvI _vk Z nq ewkifvm BDwbfvwm wub AvBBGjwUGm vi 6 _ K 6 `kwgk 5 A_ev Uv dj wmwewu 213 _ K 237 A_ev Uv dj AvBwewU vi 80 _ K 93 Gi g a n Z Pvq G Qvov Kv bv cöwzôv b fwz i Rb wravib Rbv ij, wravib mve R± U I wrgggwu BZ vw` cö qvrb nq gv v m i Kv m i gqv` 1 eqi 3. W± iu ev wcgbpww cövmöv gi gqv` b~ bzg 3 eqi L. ÔwmwU Rbwkc Bwg MÖkb KvbvWvÕ ms c wmavbwm n Q KvbvWv mikvi KZ K 1867 mv j MwVZ GKwU we kl evw hv Bwg MÖkb, wmwu Rbwkc, wfmv msµvš welq wb q KvR K i ez gv b wmavbwm Z i q Q Pvi nvrv iii ewk Kg x i q Q 76wU ` k 46wU v b AZ vaywbk 90wUiI ewk Awdm Zv `i KvR n Q 1. wfwrui wfmv 2. úýwis g ^vim Ae w` d vwgwj K vm 3. vww cviwgu Z_v y W U wfmv 4. úýwis wiwddwr 5. IqvK cviwgu 6. wekvwgs G KvbvwWqvb 220 wmwu Rb 7. cvigvb v U iwm W U wfmv 8. cöæd Ad wmwu Rbwkc cöf wz cov kvbvi Rb G ` k Avm Z n j cö_g c` c n Q mikvi KZ K iwrw ª ev ZvwjKvfy³ Kv bv wk v-cö ÖwZôv b GWwgkb bqv myzivs Gme wk vcöwzôv b QvÎ-QvÎxiv fwz n q wmavbwmi kz c~i Y ` Zv `Lv Z cvi j wfmv c Z Kv bv Amyweav niqvi K_v bq Z e M-vevj ivrbxwzi Kvi Y wkqy wkqy ` ki wk v_ xiv wfmv c Z Lye em c Z nq KvbvWvi miv 16wU BDwbfvwm wu n Qt 1. McGill University (Montreal, Quibec), 2. University of Toronto (Toronto, Ontario)? 3. University of British Columbia (Vancouver, BC), 4. McMaster University (Hamilton,Ontario, 5. University of Alberta (Edmonton,Alberta, 6. University of Montreal (Montreal, Quibec, 7. University of Victoria (Victoria, BC, 8. University of Western Ontario (London, Ontario, 9. University of Calgary (Calgary, Alberta, 10. Carleton University (Ottawa, Ontario, 11. Dalhousie University ( Halifax, Nova Scotia, 12. Simon Fraser University (Vancouver, BC, 13. University of Guelph (Guelph,Ontario, 14. University of Manitoba (Winnipeg, Manitoba, 15. University of Ottawa (Ottawa, Ontario, 16. University of Waterloo (Waterloo, Ontario). Z Zxq we k i `k jv _ K AvMZ QvÎ-QvÎx `i Rb Kgc GK erm ii Kv m i Rb A vc-vb Kiv fv jv Avi hw` wzb ev Pvi erm ii Kvm bqv nq Zvn j IUv AviI fv jv- wfmvi c Z myweav nq hgb: cv m KÛvwi MÖvRy qkb Kvm QvovI gv vi Kvm, wcgbp ww Kvm BZ vw` fvlv wk vi Kvm, bb-mövry qu Kvm, Kg i Z c~y mnr Kvm, h jv mvaviyz Qq gv mi ewk `xn vwqz bq mme Kv m fwz n ji wfmv cviqv LyeB KwVb *4 Z e cov kvbvi cvkvcvwk KvbvWvq KvR Kivi ch vß my hvm i q Q G Î KvR Kivi Rb IqvK cviwgu cö hvr GKRb wk v_ x dzjuvbg A_ev cvu UvBg KvR Ki Z cv i K vm PjvKv j mßv n 20 NÈv Kv Ri my hvm `q QywU _vk j c~y mgq Kv Ri my hvm m e cov kvbv hzw`b P j ZZw`bB Kv Ri AbygwZ cviqv hvq wk v_ xiv NÈvq 7 _ K 25 Wjvi Avq Ki Z cv i Z e mvgvi Re wkqyuv mnr n ji, Ab vb mg q KvR cviqv wkqyuv KwVb cov kvbv k l GLv b Kg ms vbmn GgbwK cov kvbv Ae vqb bvmwikz jv fi myey my hvm i q Q my hvm jv n Q: KvbvwWqvb G wcwi qý K vm; w` dwv ij w jw IqvK vi cövmövg; Ges cöwfwý qj bwgwb cövmövg m Î mzzv, fv jv djvdj, PvKwimn ek wkqy kz c~iy Ki Z nq Kg j _ K mvwu wd KU wb q wmwu Rbwk ci Rb A vc-vb Ki j 6 gvm _ K 1 eq ii g a wewa gvzv ek KvbvwWqvb niqv gv UI KwVb bq 221

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117 KL bv Kv_vI Kv bv ai bi NUbv ev `yn Ubv NU j Zv KL bvb ivr bwzkfv e ev cökvmwbkfv e cöfvwez Kivi cöeyzv bb hz eo welqb nvk Zv cywjk evwnbxi m`m ivb wek ÍZvi mv _ mgvavb K i GB mzzv Ges wek ÍZvi Kvi YB cywjk evwnbxi cöwz RbM Yi Av v fvm ZvB KvbvwWqvb cywjk Kg Î me ii kª v Ges m vb AR b K i Q KvbvWvi wmwu Rbwkc cix vq cökœ Kiv nqt Who are the national police force and one of CanadaÕs bestknown symbols today? hvi Reve n Qt The Royal Canadian Mounted police (RCMP); gv b ÔivRKxq cywjkõ we k i wøzxq e nëg `k KvbvWv, IB eo wekvj ` k Kxfv e cywjk PgrKvifv e AvBb k Ljv wbqš Y K ib, Aek B Zv we k-l Yi welq ÔKvbvwWqvb wmwu Rb A vû Bwg MÖkbÕ MÖ š cywjk Ges RbM Yi m úk ewy Z Av Qt The police are there to keep people safe and to enforce the law. You can ask the police for help in all kinds of situations- if there s been an accident, if someone has stolen something from you, if you are a victim of assault, if you see a crime taking place, or if someone you know has gone missing. There are different types of police in Canada. There are provincial police forces in Ontario and Quebec and municipal police departments in all provinces. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) enforce federal laws throughout Canada, and serve as the provincial police in all provinces and territories except Ontario and Quebec, as well as in some municipalities. Remember, the police are there to help you. You can also question the police about their service or conduct if you feel you need to. Almost all police forces in Canada have a process by which you can bring your concerns to the police and seek action.õ 3. KL bv Kv bv a Z ev Awfhy³ Acivaxi Rb Kv bv gš x, mwpe, ivr bwzk bzv ev ÔMWdv`viÕ dvb K i gyw³i A bwzk Pvc w` q Q, GiKg bwri bb Av Q ARMÖ D ëv bwri `Lv M Q, cywj ki ckvmz `vwqz cvj bi Kvi Y A b KB gwš Z nvwi q Qb ZvB cywjk evwnbx ^v Q ` ^vaxbfv e ivó«cwipvjbvq h_v_ Ae`vb ivl Q c b ivwu wwwfk b 29,292 Rb AviwmGgwci m`m KvbvWvq KvR Ki Qb G wwwfkb = b vkbvj K vwcuvj, we wwwfkb = wbddûj vû A vû j veivwi, wm wwwfkb = KzB ek, ww wwwfkb = gvwb Uvev, B wwwfkb = weªwuk Kjw ^qv, Gd wwwfkb = mvmkvpzqvb, wr wwwfkb = b_ I q UwiUwiqvm, GBP wwwfkb = bfv vwmqv, h wwwfkb = wbd eªæýdbk, K wwwfkb = AvjevU «v, Gj wwwfkb = wcöý GWIqvW AvBj vû, Gg wwwfkb = DBKb, I wwwfkb = A UvwiI, wu wwwfkb = W cvu, Ges wf wwwfkb = bvbvfvu 1873 mv ji g gv m KvbvwWqvb msm ` K `ªxq cywjk MVb Kiv nq Ges c ii eqi 275 Rb m`m wb q Zvi Kvh µg ïi nq c i 1920 mv j MwVZ ` KvbvwWqvb gvd UÛ cywjk, hv RvZxq cywjk wn m e ^xk Z A UvwiI Ges KzB e K i q Q c _K cywjk evwnbx hgb- A UvwiI cö fwýqvj cywjk wksev Sûreté du Québec. mb mv _ i q Q Avjv`v wgdwbwmcvj cywjk G Qvov Ab AvUwU cö ` ki cywjk cöm ½ ejv nq- The other eight provinces, however, have chosen to contract most or all of their provincial policing responsibilities to the RCMP. Under these contracts the RCMP provides front-line policing in those provinces under the direction of the provincial governments in regard to provincial and municipal law enforcement. ZvB Kv bv Kv bv cö `k I UwiUwiqv m i q Q wfbœ e e v AviwmGgwc Z 1974 mv ji 13 g hy³ nq gwnjv cywjk hviv cyi li cvkvcvwk mgvbfv e Kg ` Zvi ` óvš ivl Q ïay ZvivB bq; cö `k I wgdwbwmcvj gwnjv cywj ki Î GKB K_v cö hvr evsjv ` k ivrkvnxi mvi`vi g Zv mvmkvpzqv bi ivravbx irvbbvq cywj ki AZ vaywbk cöwk Yi Rb 1885 mv j vwcz n q Q AviwmGgwc GKv Wwg mb mv _ AviwmGgwc nwi UR m Uvi G Qvov Ab cywj ki Rb i q Q wfbœ wfbœ wk v cöwzôvb hgb- A UvwiI cywjk K jr

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122 Falls Declaration (1848) was concerned with many rights, not just voting rights. Whether it s the right to own property in her own name, or the right to equal pay, women s economic rights have been slowly changing over the last few centuries. The Equal Rights Amendment has been a source of considerable controversy. *8 KvbvWvq cö_g bvix mvsm` wbe vwpz nb GM bm g vkwdj, 1992 mv j cö_g bvix wm bui Kvwij DBjmb, 1930 mv j cö_g bvix gš x nb Gwjb dvi K vk, 1957 mv j cö_g bvix w úkvi nb Rwg mvd f, 1980 mv j cö_g bvix cöavb wepvicwz efviwj g vkjvwk b, 1982 mv j cö_g bvix Mfb i Rbv ij Rwb mvd _, 1984 mv j *9 KvbvWvi wk v I ms wzk, HwZ ni BwZnvm A bk cövpxb hgb, GLv b 1853 mv jb bvix m úv`k I cökvk Ki Avwef ve N U gwi G b kv`, whwb Weekly Provincial Freeman bv g msev`cî ei K ib *10 evsjv ` ki g ZvB KvbvwWqvb bvixiv wk vq GwM q Ges Kg ÎI Avgv `i evsjv ` k wbhy³ ez gvb KvbvwWqvb nvbkwgkbvi (wn_vi µ Wb) GKRb gwnjv BwZc~ e I ewkifvm XvKv KvbvwWqvb `~Zvev m ivó«`~z wq jb bvix KvbvWv bvix `i emev mi Rb miv `i ZvwjKvq Z Zxq miv bvix `i c~y gh v`v I wbivc ` emev mi Î AvBmj vû I Wbgv K i cib KvbvWvi Ae vb *11 KvbvwWqvb cyi li Zyjbvq bvixi Mo AvqyI ewk- cyi l euv P 78 eqi, Avi bvixiv 83 eqi m úöwz Ui Uv jvb eªwi _ K bvixwelqk GKwU eb co Z wb q Gjvg The Chatlaine Day Book, (The Canadian Women s Engagemeny Calender 2000). G Z KvbvwWqvi L vwzgvb bvix `i Z_ g~jk mwpî wpî Av Q *12 ebwu co Z co Z emg iv Kqvi (cix vb/bvix vb/ jwwj vû) evievi g b coj Ò iv Kqv b~zb ` ki bvg h bvix vb ivwlqv Qb Zvnv ZI GB Bw½Z Av Q evsjv ms i Yi g a cv`uxkv hv M jlv `wl ZwQ, cix vb k ãi Abymi Y bvix vb ejv nbj BsivwR Z jwwj vû ejv wmqv Q [ iv Kqv ipbvewj, c. 135] bvix vb cix vb e UB hw` RvwbI cix vb wk e Zvnv Z Rvwb Av iv! cix gv b ï bvix b n, cibvixi e U cix vb gv b c ii `ki ˆewK! cyi lrvwzi cö_g ci bvix ZvB bvixi Aci bvg cix Ò[ iv Kqv ipbvewj c. 137]Ó * mv j KvbvWvq ÔcixÕiv A_ vr bvixiv fvuvi AwaKvi cvq Ges 1921 mv ji wbe vp bb wbe vwpz nq bvix mvsm` GM bm g vkwdj Z e ivr bwzkfv e bq, mvgvwrkfv e KvbvWvq bvix `i cövavb me ÎB we kl K i Kg Î wmsnfvmb bvix `i `L j mikvwi, emikvwi, e vsk, wewfbœ Ki cv ikb, evwywr K Kv úvwb, 242 kwcsgj, mvaviy `vkvbcvu _ K ïi K i Pv qi `vkv b, KjKviLvbvq bvix `i Rq-RqKvi PvKwii Î cyi li P q bvixivb me mgq cövavb ev AMÖvwaKvi cvq, cv Q hw`i cwi vifv e bvix-cyi li ˆel g i K_v Kv_vI bb wkš ev e Zv m ú~y wfbœ Rwi c `Lv hv e, Kg Î kzkiv 75% fvmb bvix `i `L j ïay Kg ÎB bq; GLv b AvBbI bvix `i AbyK j bvix I cyi li mgvb AwaKvi ejv n ji bvixiv AvBwb mnvqzv cvq A bk ewk G Kvi Y bvixiv A bk ewk ^vaxbzv Ges mywe a fvm K ib hv cyi liv cv i bv eis ÔAejv cyi lõ `i Î AvBb LyeB K Vvi n q D V evsjv ` k Kwe iwdk AvRv` GKevi Ôcyi l i v KwgwUÕ MVb K iwq jb A`~i fwel Z KvbvWvi Ômv neõiv Abyiƒc msmvb MVb Ki j AevK niqvi wkqy _vk e bv M. KvbvWvi Ô em gõiv LyeB ^vaxbzvwcöq, Kb? Av iv cökœ D V Q- ÔKvbvWvq ww fvwm evovwj bvixi msl v Kb evo Q?Õ kxl K GK jlvq gvnveyeyj nvmvb bxi wj L Qb- Ômy `i, mg fwel r Avi my Li ^cœ ey K aviy K ib bv evsjv ` ki ` úwziv cv iv L KvbvWvi g Zv miv ` k, wkš G ` k Avmvi ci vbxq KvjPv ii ms ú k GK kªyxi bvix wb R K GZUvB vu wn m e M o Zyj Z mwµq n q I V h, Zviv wbr ^ RZxq I ag xq wk v-av`k K Qy o dj Z Pvq m K j AveR bv e j! Giv KvK n q gq~i mvr Z Pvq, wkš `ytlrbk n ji mwz, ciez x Z bv n Z cv o gq~i, bv _v K KvK, n q ÔwW fvwm Õ... ` ki wkqy wkw Z ` úwz G ` k G m G `kxq Rxebavivq wb R K kvwgj Ki Z wm q Rwo q c o cvwievwik wksev AvZ -Kj n, Gi ci cuš Q hvq weevn we Q `i `vi Mvovq Ges GKmgq Ôwe Q`Õ ejvi A c v iv L bv h, GLvKvi AvBb Ges cywjk bvix `i Î ek D`vi, Avi GK kªyxi bvix m my hvmwui e envi A_ev Ace envi K i _v KÕ *14 mvjgv evyx wj L Qb- Ô ^vej ^x bvixi Ans ev ai Kvi Y, ^ QvPvwiZvi Kvi Y, e w³ Z i Kvi Y cwiev i fvob e o Q weevn we Q` e o QÕ *15 Kv bv Kvi Y ^vgx- xi g a `v úz Kjn, weev`-we iva, SMov-SvwU ev gvivgvwi n j 99.66% `vl ev `vq fvi hb ^vgx bvgk e w³wui GKviB! 911 Kj Kivi mv _ mv _ Qy U Av m cywjk Amnvq mb ^vgx epviv K cywjk Lye ÔRvgvB Av`i K i k ïi evwoõ wb q hv e Zv K _vbv _ K Qvwo q Avbvi Rb KvD K bv KvD K kz mv c ÔAvÛvi U KbÕ w` Z n e; mb mv _ ms kvab niqvi Rb GK Mv`v kz hgb- xi Avkcv ki mxgvbv gvov Z cvi e bv, Kv bv ai bi hvmv hvm Kiv hv e bv, Kv bv cökv ii fqfxwz cö`vb Kiv hv e bv BZ vw`, BZ vw` Gfv eb ïi nq- msmv ii fvob, we Q`, QvovQvwo! 243

123 c vš i mv _ mv _B x K mš vbmn mikvwi ZË veav b mëvi `qv n e mlv b cv e _vkv LvIqv, evmvevwo, fvzv _ K ïi K i mvwe K mvgvwrk I Avw_ K my hvmmyweav mb mv _ Avjv`vfv e Ôwm ½j gv`viõ wn m e Ô ^xk wzõ Gfv eb iv Kqv mvlviqv Zi myjzvbvi ^cœ K ev evq b KvbvWvi Kv bv Rywo bb hb gcjwj di `k KvbvWv Ôbvixi v bõ cwiyz n Q! evovwji nvjpvjwpî ev½vjxi gy» RbbxÑ i LQ ev½vjx K i gvbyl K ivwb Ñiex `ªbv_ VvKzi Z_ myî: 1. Mvjvg gyiwk`, ivmmy `ix _ K iv Kqv, XvKv 1993, c BDwKwcwWqv 3. iv Kqv ipbvewj, evsjv GKv Wgx, XvKv ww m ^i 1973 c iv Kqv mvlviqvz nv m bi ipbvmgmö, evsjv GKv Wgx, XvKv ww m ^i bvixi gzvqbt iv Kqvi ^cœ, wewwwbdr 24, ww m ^i 09, 2001, XvKv 6. bvixi gzvqbt iv Kqvi ^cœ, wewwwbdr 24, ww m ^i 09, 2001, XvKv 7. emg iv Kqv ÔAe ivaevwmbxõ kxl K ebwu gvwmk gvnv `x Z avivevwnkfv e KvwZ K 1335, fv`ª 1336 Ges kªvey-fv`ª 1337 e½v ã Qvcvi ci 1931 mv j KjKvZvi gvnv `x eyk G RwÝ _ K eb AvKv i ei nq 8. About.com: Women s Histury Discover Canada : The Rights anad Responsibilities of Citizenship, Edotion 2010, Page wbdr DBK/A ±vei 2011, hy³ivó«12. The Canadian Women s Engagemeny Calender Publisher: Chatlaine Day Book. Toronto, Canada, ISBN: emg iv Kqvi Gqy Uvwcqv/mwjgyj-vn Lvb, ˆ`wbK mgkvj, ww m ^i 08, 2011, XvKv 14. mš ` h AvZ vûwz/ gvnveyeyj nvmvb bxi /cökvkkt wek mvwnz feb, cökvkkt deªæqvwi 2011, XvKv, c Awfevmb, weez b Ges evovwj bvix/ mvjgv evyx, ˆ`wbK Kv ji KÉ, Rvbyqvwi 10, 2011, XvKv 244 hy³iv ó«evsjv `wki msl v eqi Av M A_ vr 2000 mv j G msl v wqj A_ vr MZ 10 eq i e o Q gvî Rb G w` K nvgj vû wmwkdwiwu wwcvu g Ui cwimsl vb Abyhvqx MZ 10 eq i ˆeafv e evsjv `wk G m Qb Rb hv mbmvm MYbvi P q mv o Pvi Y ewk W. L `Kvi gbmyi e jb, nvgj vû wmwkdwiwu Ges Ab vb cwimsl v bi weávbwfwëk we k-l Yi gva g Rvbv M Q, Av gwikvq evsjv `wk `i msl v cuvp jvl 54 nvrvi 240 Gi g a ˆeafv e emevm Ki Qb wzb jvl 87 nvrvi 996 wjm vj vuvm bb A_ vr A eafv e emevmiz evsjv `wki msl v n Q GK jvl 66 nvrvi 284 D j-l, hy³iv ó«rb MÖnYKvix evsjv `wk cörb K G msl vq bqv nqwb *1 KvbvWvq KZ evovwj Av Q, G cö kœi mwvk cwimsl vb Kv_vI cviqv hv e bv GgbwK mikvwifv ei GKvwaK Kvi YB cök Z wn me bb 2006 mv ji KvbvWvi RbmsL v Rwic gvzv ek mgmö KvbvWvq 24,555 Zvig a cyi l 12,915 Avi bvix 11,640 Rb evsjv `wk-kvbvwwqvb Ae vb Ki Q Av gwikvq Kx cwigvy evsjv `wk Av Q Zvi mwvk wnmvei Rvbv hvqwb Bwg MÖk bi vuvmnxb jvkrb A bk Statistics Canada 2006-Gi evb ii A bk evsjv `wk Av Qb, hviv nq Zv GB Av`gïgvwii evb i _ K M Qb hgb, cvwievwik Kvi Y ckvmz Kv R W. gvngỳ yj nvmv bi g Zv A bk evsjv `wk-kvbvwwqvb gvwk b hy³ivó«mn we k i wewfbœ ` k Ae vb Ki Qb Zv `i wn me Kx GB ïgvwi Z Av Q? hv nvk 2006 mv ji ci wemz eqi jv Z cöpyi evsjv `wk Bwg MÖ U n q G m Qb mb mv _ hy³ n q Q evsjv `k es kv f Z bzyb cörb me wgwj q cövq jvllv bk evovwj (cwðge ½i evovwj e ZxZ) i q Q e j Aby gq Ôe½ igyxi Rvcvb hvîvõ m ú K Avgiv Rvwb, Z e e½xq cyi l KLb K e cö_g KvbvWvq Av m, Zvi Kv bv Z_ Rvbv bb cövq GKk eqi Av M fvizxq `i KvbvWvq cö e ki bvbv ai bi evav wqj Zrm Ë I eû fvizxq cökvš gnvmvmi- 245

124 Zxi we kl K i f v¼zfv i RxweKvi Rb emwzi Póv K i weªwuk mvgªvr ivq A k Zv½ `i Ae`vb A ^xkvi Ki Z bv cvivq KvbvWv Awfevm bi Î mivmwi AvcwË bv K i wkqy bzyb AvBb K i hw` Kv bv RvnvR Kv bv we ` ki e `i _ K mvrvmywr f v¼zfv i cušqvq, Z e mb Rvnv R K ib kªwgkiv Kej Avm Z cvi e, Ab _vq bq fvi Zi wbr ^ RvnvR bv _vkvq Kv bv RvnvRB mvrvmywr KvbvWvq cušqz bv 1914 mv ji GwcÖj gv m KvgvMvUv gvi bv g GKwU RvnvR fvov K i cvävwe `i GKwU `j iw`r wms ni bz Z KvbvWv iibv nq Zv `i KvbvWvq bvg Z `Iqv nqwb Ges ` k wdi Z eva Kiv nq KvgvMvUv gvi KjKvZvi erernv U cušq j wkl `i wei K Z AvPi Yi K Vvi mgv jvpbv Kiv nq *2 Gfv eb wbh vzb mn K ii fvizxqiv Kvjµ g KvbvWvq Ly uwu M ob Zv `i mv _ nq Zv evovwjivi wq jb Z e câvk Ges lvu `k K D Pwk vi Rb cövq nv Z Mvbv ZrKvjxb c~e cvwk vb _ K evovwjiv Avmv ïi K i hv `i KD KD 1971 mv j gyw³hy i c KvR K i Qb ^vaxbzvi ci ÔNiKz bv evovwjivõ mviv we k B Qwo q c o GgbwK KvbvWv ZI GLb Bwg MÖ Ui bvbvb K vuvmwi hgb, Bb f, wer bm, cö dkbvj K vuvmwi Z Awfevmx n Qb G Qvov úý i, D P wk v_ x QvÎ Ges hrmvgvb PvKwi wb q vqx/a vqx cöevmx n Qb Z e ivr bwzk Avkªq Z_v wiwddwri cwigvy cövq k~ b i KvVvq P j G m Q Z e hviv `yb hym Av M G mwq jb Zviv GLb cy iv cwievi K fzqv KvMRc Îi gva g G b Qb evb K ed Avi kvjv K Q j evwb qi KvbvWvq Avbvi Awf hvm i q Q GLv b me gvu 100 ^xk Z Ethnic Origin A_ vr RvwZmËvi Î evsjv `wk- KvbvwWqvb `i Ae vb 87-G wk vi Î YMZgv b KvbvWv kªôzg `k jvi g a Ab Zg GKwU 2006 Gi KvbvWvi cwimsl v bi (Statistic Canada) Z_ Abymv i 15 eqi Ges Zvi E aÿ wk vwfwëk evsjv `wk KvbvwWqvb Rb Mvôxi msl v 17,335 Zš a cv m KÛvwi mvwu wd KU, ww c-vgv, A_ev wwwmö bvb 6,945 R bi hv `i GB wwwmö Av Q Zv `i msl v n Q 10,395 Gi g a KvbvWvi wk v cöwzôvb _ K mvwu wd KU cövß `i msl v gvî 2,255 Ges KvbvWvi evb i _ K mvwu wd KU cövß 8,140 Rb A_ vr GLv b j Kiv hv Q h, Avgv `i Rb Mvôxi GKUv eo Ask GLv b wk v MÖnY _ K wepz Z *3 Rbve wrqv Zuvi D³ wbe Ü evsjv `wk `i Kg Î/Kg ms vb fvlvmz Ae vb m ú K Ges ej Qb: (Canada Census, 2006) vbxq kªgevrv i (Labour Force Activity) 15 eqi Ges E aÿ RwoZ evsjv `wk KvbvwWqvb `i AskMÖn Yi nvi 63.3%-Gi g a cyi l 75.3% Ges bvix 49.9% Kg ms v bi Î Mo nvi 54.7%- Gi g a cyi l 66.4% Ges bvix 41.03% ekvi Z i Mo nvi 13.05%-Gi g a cyi l % Ges bvix 17.04% A_ vr Kg ms v bi Î bvixi nvi Kg Ges ^vfvwekfv eb ekvi Z i nvi ewk KvbvWvq mvgwmökfv e kªgevrvi bvix `i Mo Dcw wzi nvi Avgv `i evsjv `wk KvbvwWqvb `i P q ewk GLv b Awdwmqvj fvlv n Q `ywu Bs iwr I d«â fvlv (Language) evsjv `wk KvbvwWqvb cy iv Rb Mvôxi evwo Z bb-awdwmqvj fvlvq K_v ejvi msl v 16,420 Zb a Bs iwr Z 5,550 Ges d«â 205 (Canada Census, 2006) Awdwmqvj fvlv m ú K Ávb Av Q Bs iwr Z 20,195 Ges d«â 370, Bs iwr I d«â 2,820 Ges Bs iwr Ges d«â KvbUvB bvb Ggb msl v 1,215 Rb Dc iv³ cwimsl vb Abyhvqx Avgv `i KwgDwbwUi fvlvmz w`kwu Lye GKUv `ye j bq kvgmyj Bmjvg ÔeûRvwZK ms wz KvbvWv: GK bzyb w`k`k bõ kxl K wbe Ü wj L Qb: ÒbevMZ Awfevmxiv hlb Zv `i Kg ms vb, m Uj g U I mvgvwrk MwZkxjZv AR bi j g~j avivq m ú ³Ki Yi cökœ G m `uvovq ZLb Zviv GB AeKvVv gvmz ˆelg g~jz cwiw wzi duv ` AvUKv c ob Ó *4 G K_v cöevmx evovwj `i Î cö hvr Av gwikvi 20% Avi KvbvWvq 70% Bwg MÖ U MÖnY K i hv KvbvWvi Rbkw³ wn m e Kv R jvm Q gw U«q ji mv ek mvsm` wgm G jwb ev Kvcv bvm GK mv vrkv i e jb- ÔKvbvWvi A_ bxwz Z wfwëb M o Zy j BwgMÖ v Uiv AvRI KvbvWvi A_ bxwz Z BwgMÖ v U `i f~wgkv i Z c~y KD KD e jb, BwgMÖ v Uiv cöpyi cwigv Y mvkvjgbw wb q hv eb, Avm j Z_ wu Wvnv wg _ KviY, bzyb BwgMÖ v U `i AwaKvskB Kv R e _v KÕ ZviciI BwgMÖ v U `i wei Awf hv Mi kl bb! *5 weª U bi msm` m`m v e v iv bm d `vi e j Qb, weª U b Ae vbiz msl vjny Awfevmxi Kv bv Kv bv Mvôx AwZwi³ mš vb bq mikv ii KvQ _ K ewk ewk UvKv Avi eo eo evwo cviqvi myweavi Rb cvwk vwb I evsjv `wk `i g a G cöeyzv ewk *6 wkš KvbvWvq Zvi e wzµg mš v bi Î evsjv `wkiv ek m PZb GLv b cvwk vwb, AvdMvwb Ges Avwd«Kvbiv 5-6wU K i mš vb bq Gme wb q GKwU mij KweZvt j v Û wiwddwr-cv, nvz Zy jv AvKv k AvKvk Zvgvi cö dkbvj ekvi, I qj dqv i _v Kv wk v_ x ni Amv c B AvB-G hvi, cö dkbvj ekvi LvI dzw e vs Ki AvÐv-Av cj Kvg K iv AvÛvi ` Uwej Avi cvk-avdmvwb `i g Zv wmuwo wmuwo ev Pv evbvi G, 2002-G, 2003-I, 2004-G, 205-G cöwz eqi 247

125 Nyg _ K Av q k nvb Zy jv- wnc wnc ûi i... evn PgrKvi `k, Kx my `i WyMWywM-Rxeb! ÔUi Uvq A bk evsjv `wki emevm kn ii GKwU GjvKv Zv ixwzg Zv evovwjcvovi g Zv iv vnvu, `vkvbcvu, kwcsgjñ hlv b hviqv hvq, Kv b f m Avm e wewfbœ AvÂwjK D Pvi Y evsjv K _vck_b vi ev ivi W vb dv_ K ÔwjUj evsjv `kõ ej j A hšw³k n e bv GLvbKvi GK MÖvmvwi kc _ K h mvb Ri I IR bi Bwjk gvq Kbv nq GKw`b, Zgb Bwjk, Puv`cyi, Bwj ki Rb hvi L vwz, mb v bi Lye KgB ` LwQ Puv`cy ii miv gvq jv we ` k idzvwb n q hvq e jb Bwj ki ` k fv jv Bwj ki AvµvÕ *7 Avm j we ` k eov bv Avi cöev m emevm GK bq, wfbœ Ui Uv kn i 1980 mvj _ K evovwj KwgDwbwUi emwz ïi nq e vcknv i cö_g w` K GLv b nv Z Mvbv wkqy evsjv `wk evovwj emevm ïi K ib ZviI Av M hviv KvbvWvq G mwq jb Zv `i AwaKvskB KzB ek cö ` ki gw Uªqj kn i emevm ïi K iwq jb Avi KvbvWvi ivravbx A Uvqv kn i hviv G mwq jb Zviv cöavbz mikvwi PvKwi I cov kvbvi Rb Avwki `k Ki k li w` K we kl K i 1986 mvj _ K ax i ax i cöpyi evovwj Ui Uv kn i emwz M o Zv jb beÿb qi g a cövq 7 _ K 8k evovwji GKKfv e (A_ vr cwievi-cwirb QvovB) Ui Uv Z emwz ïi K ib mv ji g a B evovwj KwgDwbwU Z RbmsL v `uvovq cövq 7 nvrv ii g Zv Gi ci wemz 10 eq i KwgDwbwU Z cwievi-cwirb Z_v wkï I gwnjv `i wb q A UvwiI cö ` k G msl v `uvovq cövq 19 nvrv ii g Zv ez gv b cöpyi evovwj A UvwiI cö ` ki wgwmmvmv, n vwgjub, eªv úub, wks vb, wbdgv K U cöf wz kn i Qwo q c o Qb PvKwi I cov kvbvi myweav _ h hlv b myweav cv Qb mlv bb P j hv Qb 2001 mvj _ K PjwZ mgq ch š ek wkqy evovwj KvbvWvi cwðgvâ ji AvjevU ªv I K vjmwi kn i emwz vcb K i Qb G Qvov weªwuk Kjw ^qv cö ` k Ges mvmkvpzqvb cö ` ki evovwji emwz ïi n q Q 2006 mv ji KvbvwWqvb cwimsl vb eÿ ivi GK wi cvu Abyhvqx A UvwiI cö ` k evovwji RbmsL v wqj 16, 145 *8 m~î Abyhvqx Ab vb cö ` k evovwj RbmsL vi h wpî cviqv hvq Zv wbgœiƒc KzB ek cö ` k 6,095 Rb; AvjevUª vq 1,220 Rb weªwuk Kjw ^qvq 845 Rb, g vwb Uvevq 115 Rb, bfv wkqvq 70 Rb, wbd dvdûj v Û 65 Rb, mvmkvpyqv b 40 Rb, wbd eªvýdb K 15 Rb, Ges wcöý GWIqvW AvBj v Û 4 Rb mvkz j KvbvWvq evovwj Awfevmxi RbmsL v wqj 24,600 Rb 2006 mvj cvi n q GLb Pj Q 2011 mvj Ui Uv kn i M o D V Q evovwji A bk e emv-evwyr Gi g a wf ±vwiqv W vb dv_ GjvKvB me P q ewk cwiwpz wi R UcvK GjvKv, emyi j výwvdb GjvKv QvovI ez gv b vie iv GjvKvq cöpyi evovwj wb R `i evmvevwo wk b Qb evovwj KwgDwbwU Z MÖx Kvjxb mgq h welqwu me P q i Z c~y n q D V Q, muv n jv eb fvrb ev wckwbk GLv b RjvwfwËK (64) GgbwK Dc RjvwfwËKI msmvb i q Q; hvi QvqvZ j mevb MÖx Kv j eb fvrb Kivi Rb e wze n q I Vb G Qvov evsjv ` ki wewfbœ BDwbfvwm wui A vjvgbvb A v mvwm qkbi M o D V Q GLv b KD KD Gme A v mvwm qkb K A vjywgwbqvg A v mvwm qkb e j KŠZyK K i _v Kb G Qvov e emvqx mwgwz, A vkvd U v U mwgwz, K wlwe` mwgwz, ivr bwzk Dc`j mwgwz, mvwnz mwgwz, ag xq mwgwz, BwÄwbqvi mwgwz, wewfbœ mvs wzk ms v *9 KvbvWvi eªvgu b M o D V Q emg cvov hlv b evsjv `wk, cvwk vwb, fvizxq Z_v Gwkq `i RvqMv hviv ewkifvm _v Kb ga cöv P Avi Zv `i emgiv _v Kb GB cvovq KvbvWv cöevmx K_vwkíx mvjgv evyxi wbgœwjwlz jlvq mvaviy bvix `i PvjwPÎ ewy Z n Q GBfv e: ÒevM vi evbv Q i ex g vm Wvbvj m, AvR `ycyi _ K wqj Zvi vryqvj, K vwrs A_ vr ivz 12Uv ch š Zvi KvR G mg qi fz i i ex K `Lv hv e KL bv evm vi evbv Z, KL bv d«â d«vb IVv Z-bvgv Z, jey wquv Z, Kwd evbv Z k li w` K hv e ge wb q cy iv g vm Wvbvj mi d vi ge Ki Z Uwej jvi Ic i frv Kvco w` q gy Q cwi vi Ki Z Zvici hlb ivz cövq 12Uv, ZLb i exi ^vgx nq Zv G m `uvov e g vm Wvbvj mi mvg b Mvwo wb q i exi wk vmz hvm Zv B Wb K jr _ K weg Abvm......wUg ni U bi K v k `uvwo q IB h g qwu µgvmz Kwd, WvbvU, wugweu A_ev mÿ ci AW vi wb Q, Ii bvg cvi j cvi j KvbvWv Avmvi Av M Kv bvw`b Kv_vI KvR K iwb hw`b m Ui Uv wcqvimý Gqvi cv U, mw`b cvi ji ci b wqj nvjkv Mvjvwc Avi mv`v GgeªqWvwi Kiv wd ivrv mv jvqvi-kvwgr cvi ji `yb Pv L wqj AevK we q gd ^j kn ii g q cvi j ^vgxi nvz a i cö_g Awfevmx n qwqj Avie ` k Avie ` ki gvwu Z c`vc Yi mgq cvi j K Kv jv evikv cwiavb Ki Z n qwqj eva Zvg~jKfv e Zvici eqi Av UK ci ^vgxi m ½ cvwo Rgvq DËi Av gwikvq mlv bi gvwu Z cv djvi Av MB cvi j Kv jv evikv Ly j djvi ^vaxbzv cvq Zvici AvR cvi ji ci b c v U, eww-uvbu Ucm, cv q eyu, gv_vi Pz ji is Kv jvi e` j jvj P cvi ji wk vmz hvm Zv GmGmwm cix vq AK ZKvh......Awfevmx evovwj bvixi ^vej ^ bi c _ GB Aš ivq bb A_ Avq A_ev ^vj ^ bi c _ Awfevmx evovwj bvixi Kv bv mvgvwrk gh v`vi cöwzeükzv bb, h nzy 249

126 h Kv bv ckvb DbœZ we k gh v`vi m ½ M nxz......rb _ K e o IVv cöevmx Gme Awfevmx evovwj bvix RvwZMZ ey bvq nq Zv evovwj _vk e; wkš RxebhvÎvi Kv bv ÎB Zv `i evovwj bvixi wpiš b iƒc hv, Zv Ly u R cviqv hv e bv...awfevmx evovwj bvix `i ^vej ^x niqvq cwiev ii m QjZv Avb Z mnvqk n q Q A b K ewk Ó *10 KviY GKR bi Avq wb q Kv bvfv eb msmvi Pvjv bv hvq bv ^vgxi g Zv ZvB xii DcvR bi Rb eva n q evb i hvb, A_ vr Kv R hvb hv nvk, AvZ NvZx evovwjiv Z iv nvrvi gvbj `~ i G mi wnsmv, Cl v, cikªxkvzizv, Kv ` j RwoZ G K Ac ii wz Kivi Rb hv Zv K i ÔBwg MÖkb wefvm cöwzw`bb cv Q G K A b i wei ebvwg wpwvcî Ges hvi Ri wn m e KvbvWv Q o cvjv Z n q Q A bk K Õ *11 hviv KvbvWvq G m wiwddwr K g K ib, Zviv G K Ac ii wei Bwg MÖk b Awf hvm K i d j Av e`bkvixi Km wezwk Z n q c o... d j ÔwiwdDwR ev W ck Kiv 16wU K mi Z` š i fvi `qv n qwqj evsjv ` ki A vw fv KU wmmgv û`v K wmmgv û`vi `qv Z_ Abyhvqx 16wU Av e` bi mv _ mshy³ K mi Kv bv nw`m XvKvq bb A_ev Ggb wkqy Av Q hvi mv _ Z_ weåvu i q Q A vw fv KU wmmgv û`v n Qb wegbwci Ggwc Ges XvKv Rjv wegbwc mfvcwz e vwi vi bvrgyj û`vi xõ Zv Z Av e`bkvixiv S gjvq c ob *12 Gfv eb bvbvb mgm v, Kv`v QvovQywo Avi Kv ` ji Rov bv evovwj mgvr A bk mgq G ai bi Kv ` ji wkkvi n q evsjv `k `~Zvevm KI weeªz n Z nq, h Z nq Av`vj Z ZvB cwîkvi wk ivbvg-ôevsjv `k ivó«`~z K Av`vj Z Zje Õ *14 Ui Uvi g ZvB gw U«q ji evovwj `i g a H K i Afve gw U«q ji Ôevsjv `k febõ wbg v Yi Rb eûevi D ` vm bqv n qwqj wkš Zv ev evqb nqwb Awfbe cö v e ÔgvÎ 10 Wjvi kqv i KwgDwbwU m UviÕ Kivi PóvI f hvq *15 Ui Uv ZI cö vwez Ôevsjv `k m Uv ii Rb 29 Rvbyqvwi 1995-G Ui Uv wek we` vji A_ mvbý wewìs q wgwus nq Ges GKch v q ZK vzwk Z mfv cð n q hvq *16 mb m Uvi Avi Av jvi gyl ` Lwb ZvB msev` wk ivbvg n qwqj-ôui Uvq evsjv `wk KvbvwWqvb m Uvi Pµv š i wkkvi *17 evovwjivb evovwji kîæ jyrdi ingvb wiub ZvB `ytl K i wj L Qbt 250 ÔSMov K i ci ú i, G Ii cq b j M _v Kb, cwîkv Z weávcb Avi wee wz Z R M _v Kb cöevm-rxeb nzvk Rxeb, bb Kv Kv_vI Avkvi Av jv PZyw` K `jv`wj, bb Kv fv jvevmvi Av jv!õ *17 Avevi Bwg MÖkbI bvbv ai bi weo ^bv K i hgb, wfmv `qvi Î bvbvfv e Sv gjv m wó K i hgbt KvbvwWqvb Bwg MÖkb AvB bi Ny Y aiv ˆkw_j I jvj wdzvi `Šiv Z i wei ewjô e³e wj L cvwv qwq jb Ô M-vevj gbjõ bvgk ˆ`wbK msev`c Î G `i mȳ úó I hyw³c~y gzvgz cökvwkz nq ` Ô Møvevj gbjõ- Gi cö_g c ôvq NUbvP µ wvk mb w`bb KvbvwWqvb Bwg MÖkbgš x me gvbwekzv I cvwievwik úk KvZiZv K D c v K i NvlYv K ib AcNvZg~jK Bwg MÖkb bxwz Rbve Bbv gi msev`c Î cökvwkz mikvwi Bwg MÖkb bxwzi wei hyw³i mv _ Bwg MÖkbgš xi NvwlZ AvMvgx GK `k Ki mikvwi Bwg MÖkb AvB bi msnvzb K i Zv j Bbvg cwievi K RvZxq msev `i wk ivbvg Zv Z Zy j aiv nq- Bwg MÖkb AvB bi AcNvZg~jK GKZidv MwZaviv KviY, me wbqgbxwz g bi wzwb Zvi evev-gvõ K úýi K ii weo ^bvi wkkvi n q Qb Gme Kvwnbxi kl bb *18 G me mgm vi cvkvcvwk i q Q bvbvb ˆelg Zvi GKwU ` óvš Dc vcb KiwQ Ui Uvi mv ek gqi I GbwWwci mvsm` gvb Kj cöæ mv vrkv i e j Qbt...wk vi ^xk wz `Iqvi ÎI Av iv wkqy Am½wZ Avgiv j KiwQ hgb, GKvD U v U `i Î cvwk vb _ K Avmv Awfevmx `i wwwmöi ^xk wz `qv nq A_P evsjv `wk GKvDw Us wwwmöavix `i wwwmöi ^xk wz GKBfv e `qv nq bv A_P `yõ ` kib KvwiKzjvg weªwuk wm g _ KB bqv Kbbv G `y Uv `k Av M GKB gvbwp Îi g a weª U bib Dcwb ek wqj ZvB G m½wz wb q Avgiv msm ` A bk K_v e jwq wkš Kv bv dj nqwb *19 Ô úýiwk ci gg K_v I AK ZÁ evovwj jÿ Õq GKvš e w³mz I cvwievwik e`bvi K_v ej Q b Rvjvj Kexi ÔPviw` KB Zv ïay LiPv Avi LiPv Avwg Zv f wi f wi cögvy ` LwQ, G ` k úýi n q Avmv A bk cwiev ii m`m iv fvb qi úýi Kivi my hv M G ` k G m Qb z ji fwz n q Qb, Zvici PvKwi-evKwi ïi K i fvb qi FY cwi kv a mvnvh Kiv Zv `~ ii K_v D ëv fvb qi wei bvbvwe` `yb vg Qwo q Qb Iiv g b K i fvb qi cöpyi UvKv mybm e vs Ki Mvcb KzVzwi Z i q Q evovwj KZ h AK ZÁ, Awe epk, Zv cöev m bv G j nv Zbv Z Gi cögvy czvg bvõ *20 KvbvWvq Awfevmxi w`k w` q me mgq kx l Pxb 2000-G %, 2001-G 16.09% Ges 2002-G 14.51% PvBwbR Bwg MÖ U n q Q 2002-mv j Awfevmxi Drm cö_g `kwui QK wbgœiƒc: 251

127 MZ kzvãx Z BwgMÖ v U Avmvi wpî Pxb % fviz % cvwk vb % wdwjcvbb % Bivb % Kvwiqv % i gvwbqv % hy³ivó« % kªxj¼v % hy³ivr % *21 wkš KL bvb Rbeûj `k evsjv `k GB v b Avm Z cv iwb A_P evovwjiv we ` k Avmvi Rb Aw i MZ 21 b f ^i 2010-G kªg I Kg ms vb Ges cöevmx Kj vywelqkgš x BwÄwbqvi L `Kvi gvkviid nv mb (cöavbgš x kl nvwmbvi eqvb) cövq gvmlv bk we `k mdi kl K i XvKv wegvbe ` i mvsevw`k `i GK cöm weªwds q Rvbv jb Ôevsjv `k _ K K wl kªwgk b e KvbvWvÕ Gi ci me KwU RvZxq ˆ`wb K djvi K i Zv cöpvi Kij wjljñ Ògš x 8-11 b f ^i gw Kvq AbywôZ wrgdggww ( M-vevj dvivg Ab gvb MÖkb A vû W fjc g U) gš xch v q m j b hvm `b b f ^i wzwb KvbvWv mdi K ib b f ^i mybrvij v Ûi R bfvq AbywôZ Avš R vwzk kªg ms vi (AvBGjI) cwipvjbv cwil `i 309Zg mfvq hvm `b Ó *23 wd i G m Rvbv jb KvbvWvi Lei! cvvk j K i `Lyb, gš x g nv` qi md i KvbvWvq g~jz Kv bv mikvwi Kg m~wp wqj bv wqj e w³mz mdi Q j, Q ji ed, bvwz-bvzwbi Rb cvwievwik mdi h_vixwz Zv Avovj K i Avmj msev` ev` w` q KvbvWv kªwgk b e nvbjvbu Kiv n jv Kx `ikvi wqj GB K wz Z! ciw`bb ÔAv`g e emvqxivõ cwîkvq weávcb w` q KvbvWvq jvk Avbvi evwyr ïi Ki jb Av`ggš xi K_vq cözvwiz n Z jvmj mvaviy gvbyl! c i emwz ` L cwîkvq wee wz w` Z eva nq- ÔKvbvWv h Z G RwÝ-`vjv ji mnvqzv bqõ wee wz fvl t mikvwi e e vcbvq K wl kªwgk wn m e KvbvWvq hviqvi Î Kv bv wiµywus G RwÝ ev `vjv ji mvnvh bv wb Z e j Q cöevmx Kj vy I ˆe `wkk Kg ms vb gš Yvjq G wel q h Kv bv ai bi Z_ Rvb Z Rbkw³, Kg ms vb I cöwk Y eÿ ivi ewnm gb wefv Mi cwipvjk mwjg irvi mv _ hvmv hvm Ki Z ejv n q Q hvmv hv Mi Rb dvb b ^i mvgevi cöevmx Kj vy I ˆe `wkk Kg ms vbwelqk gš Yvjq _ K cvvv bv KvbvWvq Rbkw³ idzvwb wel q mzk xkiy kxl K GK msev` weáwß Z G Z_ Rvbv bv nq weáwß Z ejv nq, KvbvWv K qkw`b Av M evsjv `k _ K K wl kªwgk biqvi wel q AvMÖn cökvk K i Q GiB cwi cöw Z cöevmxkj vygš x L `Kvi gvkviid nv mb NvlYv `b, cöwk Yi gva g KvbvWvi Pvwn`v Dc hvmx K wl Kg x Zwi K i Zv `i mikvwi e e vcbvq m ` k cvvv bvi welqwu mikvi we epbv Ki Q gš xi IB NvlYvi cib K qkwu wiµywus G RwÝi `vjvjiv KvbvWvq Rbkw³ idzvwbi wg_ v Avk vm w` q gvvch vq _ K UvKv Zyj Q e j Awf hvm cviqv M Q msev` weáwß Z G ai bi cöwµqv _ K RbMY K mveavb _vkvi civgk `Iqv n q Q *23 we `k _ K iwgu vý cvwv q cöevmx evovwjiv evsjv ` ki A_ bxwz Z 12% _ K 13% f~wgkv ivl Q MZ 2009-G hvi cwigvy wqj wewjqb Wjvi hv ˆe `wkk wewb qv Mi 18 Y Ges ˆe `wkk mvnv h i P q 19 Y ewk `ytlrbk n ji mz, ciivó«gš x `xcy gwb RvZxq msm ` cö kœvëi c e Rvwb q Qb we `wk KvivMv i 2061 Rb evsjv `wk kªwgk e `x *24 A_P Avgv `i ^ivó«, ciivó«, cöevmx gš Yvjq KZ K Zv `i gyw³i Zgb Kv bv D ` vm D j-l hvm bq 2002 _ K GwcÖj 2010 ch š MZ GK `k K ˆeafv e KvR Ki Z wm q cöev m gviv M Q Rb kªwgk *25 MZ 09 m Þ ^i 2011 Zvwi L mšw` Avie cökv k AgvbweKfv e wki ñ` K i nz v Kiv n jv AvU evsjv `wk K! *

128 Rxe bi A š^lvq KZ evovwj gi f~wg Z gviv hv Q, mvm ii ey K bv L q Wye Q cvnv o-r½ j mv ci Kvgo Lv Q, nviv Q me ^ m me `ywe ln Kvwnbxi kl bb ZviciI mvz mvmi Z iv b`x bq, Zviv PŠÏ mvmi QvweŸk b`x cvwo w` q cöevmx n Qb A b KB bvbv `k Ny iwd i Kó K i KvbvWvq G m kko M o Qb cöevm Rxeb KwVb Rxeb ZviciI evovwjiv PovBDZivB cwi q me ÎB GwM q hv Qb g~j avivq hy³ n Z bv cvi ji wbr ^ KwgDwbwUi g a wk v- ^v mgvr mev, mvs wzk Î wewfbœ msmvb KvR K i hv Qb Ui Uv Z msmv bi msl v kzvwak ZviciI e v Oi QvZvi g Zv cöwzwbqz msmvb Rš wb Q G Qvov iwr «kbk Z ms v jv n Q: Non-profit GTA Bangladeshi-Canadian office based agencies on settlement, education, career/profession, employment, healthcare, legal, business, socioculture and faith with regular programs/services or without office/programs/services: Agency: Reg. Year Reg. Office Services(Y/N) 1. Bangladesh Association of Ontario, Toronto 1975 N 2. Bangladesh Association of Toronto, Ont N 3. Bangladesh-Canada Association of London 1992 N 4. Bangladesh-Canada Association of Hamilton 1999 N 5. Bangladesh Canada Binodon Cultural Society 1993 N 6. Bangladesh Canada Hindu Cultural Society 1995 N 7. Bangladesh Jatiya Cultural Society of Ont N 8. Assn. Of Bangladeshi Engineers, Ontario 1997 N 9. Bangladesh Community Center of Toronto 1998 N 10. Bangladesh Catholic Assn of Ontario 1999 N 11. Bangladesh Forum of Canada 2000 N 12. Bangladesh Society of Ontario 2000 N 13. Bangladesh-Canadian Community Service 2000 Y 14. Bengali family Support Services, Ont Y 15. Ont.-Bangladeshi Educators Community SS 2006 Y 16. Ont. Bengali Cultural Society 2005 Y 17. Scarborough Bengali Club 2006 N 18. Bangladeshi Hindu-Buddhist-Christian unity 2004 N 19. Bangladesh Club of Toronto 2006 N 20. Canadian Society of Bangladeshi Engineers 2006 N 21. Ass. of Bangladeshi Accounting/Finance 1997 N 22. South Asia Community Support Service 2008 Y 23. Bangladeshi-Canadian JanaKallyan Sanstha 2007 N 24. South Asian Voice 2006 N 25. Bangladesh Center 2010 Y *28 wbr evmfe b m xk L vwzgvb evsjv `wk W. AwgZ PvKgv ivr bwzk `j jvi g a mwµq AvIqvgx jxm, wegbwc, RvgvqvZ Av Q Z e Zv `i Kvh µg bc _ B ewk jû b hgb weªk jb Ges wbdbq K hgb R vkmb nvbu, Zgwb Ui Uv Z W vb dv_ Ôevsjv cvovõ wn m e cwiwpz gbb w ªU _ K wf ±vwiqv cvk, dv g wm ivw ch š evovwj `i e emv-evwyr, `vkvbcvu, cwîkv Awdm-AvÇvi K `ªwe `y 2076 W vb dv_ GwfwbD-G Ôevsjv `k m UviÕ cöwzwôz n ji GB wb q Pj Q W vb dv_ Kw `ªK ivrbxwz bvsiv ivrbxwz n Q gmwr`-gw `i wb qi W vb dv_ evsjv cvovq GLb wzb wzbwu gmwr`ñ evqzyj gvkviig, evqzyj Avbvg I gvinvev gw ` ii msl vi ZvB (evsjv `k-kvbvwv wn `y gw `i, `ym vevwo Ges ag vkªg) Ui Uv AbjvBb KvMR KvbvWvwewWwbDR 2010-Gi kl w` K avivevwnkfv e cökvwkz ÔKwgDwbwU Z bxie wec-e: mvdj I e _ Zvi GK hymõ-g cöwz e` b Rvwb q Q: Ôevievi gmwr `i bv g RvwjqvwZ I cywj ki Avkªq jlk `i cöwz KU~w³, jlv e Üi Av `vjb BZ vw`; nvrvii e _ Zv i q Q Õ hgb- Ui Uvi evqzyj Avgvb gmwr` cwipvjbv KwgwUi wb q mevib cökœ- gmwr `i g Zv cweî v b Kx n Q G me!...kwgwui G wbe vpb K K `ª K i Kej

129 AvBbRxexi cq b `yb c i j vwak Wjvi LiP n q Q.. A b Ki wei wewfbœ gvby li KvQ _ K A_ AvZ mvrmn bvbv ai bi AcK g i Awf hvmó *28 Avevi evsjv `k-kvbvwvi wøc xq A bk welq evovwj `i fveg~wz yyœ K i hgb- Usiv wujv Zj D Ëvj bi Nyl-NUbvq K vjmwii bvb Kvi 94 jvl 99 nvrvi `Ð Rwigvbv wksev cùv mzy cökí wb q gw U«q ji GmGbwm-jvfvbvi Kw_Z hš_ `yb xwz G Qvov XvKv wek we` vj qi wkw Kv i gvbvi wbh vz bi NUbv, hšb K j¼vwii Awf hv M Bgvg gvmi i MÖdZvi, gäyi gvi k` Lvb KZ K cözviyvi gva g `yb KvwU Wjvi AvZ mvr BZ vw` ` ki B gr A bk bó K i Q ZviciI e w³mz AR b Gme K -vb K i `q KviY, evovwjiv wewfbœ Î MŠi ev¾ j K wz Z i ^v i ivl Q aiv hvk, AwgZ PvKgvi K_v whwb evsjv ` k GK A Rv Avw`evmx m úö Ö`v qi hv `i wk vi nvi wk ve e v GL bv A bk msk U, mlvb _ K ewi q G m ivmvqwbk cö KŠk ji m e v P wk v AR b K i AvR AwgZ PvKgv evsjv ` ki Me wzwb GLb KvbvWvi BDwbfvwm wu Ae I q vb I UvwiIi cöwm W U Ges DcvPvh ïay ZvB bq, AwgZ K KvbvWvi ÔUc 40 AvÛvi 40Õ G vb `qv nq Zuvi evwl K ezb (wfwm wn m e cöwm W U wn m e ) 7,92,631 Wjvi hv DËi Av gwikvi ckvrxex `i ez bi kxl vb Qy u q Q *29 Avevi GgbI ` óvš Av Q h, `yõpvirb K v k (AvÛvi ` Uwej) gvî 6 Wjvi cöwz NÈvq KvRI Ly u R cvq bv Z e mvwe Kfv e KvbvWvi Ab vb kn i cö dkbvj R e LyeB ^v Q ` Rxebhvcb Ki Qb cöpyi evovwj A`~i fwel Z Av iv A b KB AwgZ PvKgvi DËim~wi n e GUvB Kvg Z_ m~î: 1. Av gwikvq evsjv `kx msl v KZ/evsjv wbdr, m Þ ^i 04, 2011 wbdbqk (DcwiD³ M elyv Abyhvqx wbdbqk A½iv R evsjv `wki msl v cövq `yb jvl 52 nvrvi 358 K vwj dvwb qv n Q wøzxq e nëg A½ivR hlv b evsjv `wki msl v Z Zxq, PZy_, câg I lô v b i q Q h_vµ g U vm-33604, wgwkmvb-32851, wbdrvwm I fvwr wbqvq hy³iv ó«i ivravbx IqvwksUb wwwmmn 51wU A½iv R B evsjv `wkiv evm Ki Qb me P q ewk evsjv `wk evm K ib wbdbqk g U«vcwjUb wmwu Z wøzxq e nëg wmwu 256 n Q g U«v IqvwksUb jma v Ä jm wmwu-29628, WU«qU-24638, wnd b , gvqvwg-16018, AvUjv Uv I wkkv Mv Z 6286 Rb bvmwikz MÖnYKvix evsjv `wk-av gwikv bi msl v n Q Rb G hver wwwf juvwi Z G m Qb 41 nvrvi 101 Rb ) 2. KvbvWv cöevmx evsjv `wk `i cöwz/ gyn ` nvweeyi ingvb/evsjv eb gjv iwykv, Ui Uv, 2008, c evsjv `wk-kvbvwwqvb `i cöz vkv I m vebv : Avgv `i KiYxq/wRqvDj nk wrqv mvßvwnk ` ki Av jv, RyjvB 10, 2010, Ui Uv 4. gvp 12, 2010, mvßvwnk AvRKvj, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 5. mvßvwnk cöevm evsjv, gvp 19, 1996, gw Uªqj, KvbvWv 6. wewewm, m Þ ^i 15, 2011, jûb 7. dli ¾vgvb PŠayix, KvbvWv _ K wd i, mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, m Þ ^i 29, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 8. Gb. DBwKwcwWqv. AM / DwqwK/ evsjv `wk-kvbvwwqvb 9. cöev m evovwji w`bkvj/ Rvjvj Kwei, ˆ`wbK msev`, m Þ ^i 03, 2011, XvKv 10. Awfevmb, weez b Ges evovwj bvix/ mvjgv evyx, ˆ`wbK Kv ji KÉ, Rvbyqvwi 10, 2011, XvKv 11. m úv`kxq : i LQ evovwj K i gvbyl K ivwb/ mvßvwnk cöevm evsjv, AvM 27, 1995, gw U«qj, KvbvWv 12. mvßvwnk cöevm evsjv, AvM 25, 1995, gw U«qj, KvbvWv 13. mvßvwnk cöevm evsjv, Rvbyqvwi 24, 1997 gw U«qj, KvbvWv 14. mvßvwnk cöevm evsjv, Ryb 05, 1995 gw U«qj, KvbvWv 15. mvßvwnk cöevm evsjv, gvp 01, 1995, gw U«qj, KvbvWv 16. mvßvwnk cöevm evsjv, GwcÖj 16,1995, gw U«qj, KvbvWv 17. cöev m iwpz cow³gvjv/ jyrdi ingvb wiub, cökvkkt ^ie Äb, cökvkkvjt b f ^i 2005, XvKv c ˆ`wbK Møvevj gbj, b f ^i 01, 1994, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 19. mvßvwnk AvRKvj m Þ ^i 23, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 20. mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, b f ^i 03, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 21. KvbvWvi wpwv/zvryj gvnv `, cökvkk : Ab cökvk, cökvkkvj: eb gjv 2007, XvKv c ˆ`wbK evsjv `k cöwzw`b, b f ^i 22, 2010, XvKv December 07, ˆ`wbK B ËdvK, Ryb 30, 2010, XvKv 25. ˆ`wbK Avgv `i mgq, g 28, 2010, XvKv 26. wewewm, iquvm, fvqv, m Þ ^i 09, History and Evaluation of Bangladesh: Canadian Community/Towhid Noman, The Bangalitimes, Feb 03, 2011, Toronto 28. Ab jvbb ` kwe ` k, A ±vei 31, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 29. The garyette, Western s Daily Student news Pepars, April 2009, Canada. 257

130 GB KvbvWv mb KvbvWv DbœZ we k i DËg `k, KvbvWv mb KvbvWvq `ywu wpî Av Q, GKwU evb ii Av ikwu fz ii evb i _ K A b KB hv c RwUf g b K ib, fz i Zvi D ëv mªvz A_ vr A bk b MwUf w`k Av Q hv wek vm hvm bq wb P h me ˆecix Z i welq D j-l Kiv n Q ev Av jvwpz Zv jl Ki gbmov evbv bv ev ˆZwiK Z wkqy bq, G meb M elyvg~jk, Rwic Kiv ev ewpî Ges wewfbœ wgwwqvq cökvwkz Z_ wek g `vi XD KvbvWv KI AvNvZ K i Q hw`i A_ gš x wrm d vnvwu i ev RU NvUwZ (2009) 25 wewjqb Wjvi ZviciI KvbvWvi A_ bxwz we k i 10Zg e nëg *1 `Dwjqvi nvi 43% ZviciI KvbvwWqvb `i gšwjk Pvwn`v h_vµ g Abœ, e, evm v bi mgm v I msku cöwzwbqz e w cv Q evo Q Rxebhvc bi bvbvb Akvwš, Aw izv Afve, AbUb, Abvnvi, Awb`ªv `vwi`ª gvîv e w wb q mikvi ch v qi DwØMœ KviY KvbvWvq `Dwjqvi nvi 43% evo Q *2 cöwz 10 R bi 1 Rb wkï `vwi `ª i m ½ hy Ki Q MZ 24 b f ^i 2010-G cökvwkz GK Z _ Rbv hvq, cöwz 10 R bi 1 Rb KvbvwWqvb wkïi e o DVvi Lei Zvi g~j wi cv U i Askwe kl wbgœiƒc: 1 in 10 Canadian Children living in poverty One in 10 Canadian is living in poverty, according to a report on the status of child and family poverty released Wednesday. With Parliament s self-imposed deadline long past, it still has far to go on the promise it made 21 years ago to eradicate child poverty by The most recent numbers show there is a 9.1 percent rate child poverty in Canada, down slightly from 11.9 percent in 1989, the year Parliament unanimously resolved to end child poverty, it says in Campaign 2000 s report card, which cites data from This is the moment for our government leaders to demonstrate their commitment to work together and eradicate poverty during the next decade, said Laurel Rothman, national coordinator for Campaign 2000, a national network of 120 organizations. g `vq 11 kzvsk KvbvWxq iv vq A_ bwzk g `vi Kvi Y cöwz 9 Rb KvbvwWqv bi 1 Rb A_ vr 11 kzvsk gvbyl Nievwo nvwi q Q ev nviv bvi Sz uwk Z i q Q Kv bv Kv bv cöwf Ý G nvi 20 kzvsk g `vq KvbvWvRy o cövq 30 jvl gvbyl Nievwo nvwi q iv vq b g G m Q ev iv vq bvgvi Dcµg n q Q m úö ÖwZ m vj fkb Avwg cökvwkz GKwU cöwz e` b GK_v ejv n q Q KvbvWvq m vj fkb Avwg i Rbms hvm wefv Mi cwipvjk A vûy eviwwu e jb, GUv wbtm ` n Avgvi PvL Ly j `Iqvi g Zv Z_ AviI KZmsL K gvbyl iv vq bvg Z eva n e Zv f eb Avwg AvZ ¼ AvwQ AÂjIqvwi wnmv e gvwb Uvev G mvmkvpzqv bi Ae v me P q fqven GB cöwfý `ywu Z gzvgz `Iqv e w³ `i 20 kzvsk e j Qb, Zviv nq BwZg a iv vq b g Qb ev bvgvi Sz uwk Z Av Qb g vwiuvbg m G nvi 17 kzvsk Ges weªwuk Kjw ^qvq 16 kzvsk wkqyuv Kg cöfve c o Q KzB e K GLv b gvî 5 kzvsk ev Pÿ Z n q Qb ev niqvi Sz uwk Z i q Q eqmwfwëk wnmv e `Lv M Q, 45 _ K 55 eqi eqmxiv ewk ev Pz Z n q Qb Avi Zv `i evwl K Avq wqj 40 nvrvi Wjv ii P q Kg m vj fkb Avwg A Uvqv ey_ m Uv ii wbe vnx cwipvjk cwi iv q e j Qb, Nievwo nviv bv gvby li g a wkqy KviY wb q fyj aviyv i q Q Kv iv Kv iv Î `y h vm, we qrwbz mgm v, PvKwi Zv `i Rxe b `y h vm W K Avb Z AbyNUK wn m e KvR K i Q cwi iv q Av iv e jb, Avwg A bk ckvrxex K iv vq b g Avm Z ` LwQ Zv `i A b K nvb UK cö dkbvj wq jb Zv `i wcgbpww wwwmömn i Z c~y mb`i wqj wkš e w³rxe bi `y h vm Zv `i me ^vší K i iv vq bvwg q Q cwi iv q e jb, we k 2008 mvj _ K 2009 mv ji g a m vj fkb Avwg i mevi Pvwn`v 26 kzvsk e o Q Kv bv Kv bv v b GB Pvwn`v evovi nvi 50 kzvsk ms vwu Rvwb q Q, MZ eqi (2009) m vj fkb Avwg 28 jv LiI ewk R bi Lvevi RywM q Q hv Zvi Av Mi eq ii Zyjbvq GK jvl 20 nvrvi R bii ewk G Qvov ms vwu bzyb 6 nvrvi gv`k mex K mev w` q Q *3 wewfbœ mvei q ev Ui Uvi WvDbUvD b nv g jm QvovI mnvqm ^jnxb gvbyl wf vi

131 mvgvwrk ms v jvi m ½ wg j mvg _ i g a M nwbg v Yi gva g G Ae v _ K DËiY m e e j wmwewm g b K i mvg _ i g a cwikwíz M nwbg vy Kiv M j KvbvwWqvb `i ^v I RvZxq cöe w Z BwZevPK cöfve co e cöwz e` b ejv nq, ez gvb 75 kzvsk KvbvwWqvb Zv `i mvg _ i g a _vkv evwo ZB _vk Qb G Î mikv ii cuvp kzvsk fz ywk Zv `i mvg _ i m ½ hy³ n Q c vš i, 20 kzvsk KvbvwWqvb K Zv `i evm vb wbwðz Ki Z fxly em c Z nq Avi Zv Ki Z wm qb Zv `i K QªZvmvab Ki Z nq Ab me Pvwn`vq wmwewmi g Z, wcö-u v BbKvg 30 kzvs ki mxgv AwZµg Ki jb, Zviv evm vb wbwðz Ki Z cy ivcywi Amg_ n q c ob *4 KvbvWvq iv Ívq iv Ívq wf zk Avi DØv Rb nvz c Z e j, BD nf G PÄ! GK-cÂgvs ki gv_v MuvRvi VuvB bb mvg_ I m Abyhvqx myweavrbk Avevm bi g a eo ai bi k~b Zvi Kvi Y GKcÂgvsk KvbvwWqv bi gv_v MuvRvi VuvB c Z wngwkg L Z n Q, hv RvZxq cöe w Z bwzevpk cöfve dj Q mbm ½ evo Q KvbvwWqvb `i ^v Sz uwk L vzbvgv cwikíbv cöwzôvb Kbdv iý evw Ae KvbvWv m úö ÖwZ wmwewmi GK cöwz e` b G Z_ cökvk Kiv nq wmwewmi cöwz e` b ejv nq, RxebhvÎvq K QªZvmvab K ii A bk KvbvwWqvb _vk Z n Q ^ícwim ii evmfe b cqmv euvpv Z Zv `i wkb Z n Q Kg cywógv bi Lv` mvgmöx Avi myd P fe b Zv `i gv_vi Ici _vk Q ïay Qv` G Ae vq evo Q Zv `i ^v Sz uwk D ØMRbK GB Z_ cökvk K i mikv ii cöwz G e vcv i `ª Z Kvh Ki c` c biqvi AvnŸvb Rvbv bv n q Q Avevmb cöwzôvb I 260 jvl jvl nvg jm KvbvWvq nvg j mi msl v mikvwifv e `o jvl (Z_ m~î: wndg vb wi mvm A vû w wjs W fjcg vb KvbvWvi 9 Rvbyqvwi 2010-Gi Z_ gvzv ek) United Way of Canada Avi emikvwifv e Zvi wø Y cöwzwu cö ` ki cwimsl v Zy j a i Q msl v `ywui AvswkK wi cvu Zy j aiv n jv: How many? The latest federal estimate conservatively places the number of homeless individuals in Canada at about 150,000. *1 Some non-governmental sources estimate Canada s true homeless population, not just those living in emergency shelters, to be between 200,000 and 300,000. *2 It is estimated that roughly 65,000 young people are homeless or living in homeless shelters throughout the country at some time during the year. *3 [Z_ m~ît 1. A Snapshot of Homelessness in Canada, National Homelessness Initiative, cited in Gordon Laird, Shelter, Homelessness in a Growth Economy, Canada s 21st Century Paradox, A Report for the Sheldon Chumir Foundation for Ethics in Leadership, Homelessness, The Globe and Mail, June 12, 2006; National Housing and Homeless Network in Laird, op.cit., page CBC: The Fifth Estate No Way Home March 10, 2004 ] KvbvWv cöwz eqi 4.5 _ K 6 wewjqb Wjvi LiP K i nvg jm `i Rb *5 Mwi ei msl vi evo Q Ui Uv Z Mwi ei msl v evo Q ïay ZvB bq, Gi cvkvcvwk abx jv Ki msl vi w`b w`b e o P j Q ïay gvslv b hwu NU Q Zv n jv, ga weë jv Ki msl v w`b w`b Kg Q ga we Ëi Avq Av Mi P q K g Q MZ K qk eq i Ui Uv wek we` vj qi GK M elyv _ K G Z_ cviqv M Q 261

132 ïay ZvB bq, Ui Uv kni mȳ úófv eb wzbwu fv M wef³ n q co Q 1. hv `i Avq e o P j Q, 2. hviv wb R `i Avq gvuvgywu a i ivl Z cvi ji w`b w`b Zv Kg Q Ges 3. MZ 30 eq i hv `i Avq G Kev ib K g hv Q 1970 mv ji w` K Ui Uv cöavbz GKwU ga we Ëi kni wqj A_P gvî wzwik eqi c i GwU wzbwu fv M wef³ n q c o Q Ui Uv wek we` vj qi Aa vck Ges ÔwmwUÕm m Uv ii G mvwm qu ww i±i WwfU nvjpvbw I GK`j M elk m úöwz G e vcv i wek` Rvwb q Q GB bzyb we k-wlz wi cvu g~jz 2006 mv ji ïgvwii Dci M elyv K i ei Kiv n q Q G Ae vi Rb nvjpvbw Aek Ui Uv wgdwbwmc vwjwu K GKKfv e `vqx Ki Z ivwr bb GgbwK Ui UvevmxI Gi Rb `vqe bq e j wzwb g b K ib GUv K eis RvZxq GKwU aviv ej ZB wzwb AvMÖnx wek e vcx A_ bwzk g `v Ges hymcr dwv ij mikvi I cöwfwýqvj mikv ii cwjwm- GB `yb q wg j G ai bi GKwU Ae v m wó K i Q e j wzwb gz `b cwjwm jvi g a i q Q ^v mev, mvkvj A vwm vý G jvi cöwz mikv ii Ae njv, Aí fvovi nvdwrs NvUwZ, PvKwi Î my hvm-myweavi Afve G jv K Ab Zg KviY wn m e wzwb Zy j a ib wzwb e jb, 1970 mv ji w` K GgbwK g vk Wvbv ìi PvKwi Z (Zv cvu UvBg n ji) hvezxq ewbwdu `qv n Zv Kg Pvix `i GLb Zv nq bv wzwb e jb, GUv Kv bv Kv Ri K_v n jv bv h, GKRb Kg Pvix dzjuvbg KvR bv Ki j m Kv bv ÔAwdwmqvj ewbwduõ cv e bv MZ GK hy Mi g a KvbvWvq hviv Awfevmx ev Ab fv e G m Q Zv `i g a `w Y Gkxq jvkb ewk hviv Rxebhvcb e q Kzjv Z wngwkg Lv Q hme GjvKv Z 2000 mv ji Av MI jvkr bi MocoZv Avq wqj evwl K 40,074 Wjvi, mme GjvKvq GLb Zv K g evwl K Mo Avq `uvwo q Q eq i 29,929 Wjvi AviI Mwie hviv Zv `i Avq eq i M o Wjvi GiI Kg abx GjvKv jv kn ii g~j evwyr vcbv K K `ª K i M o D V Q, hgb Bqvs w «U Kwi Wvi, U«vbwRU GjvKv BZ vw` abx `i Avq cöwz eqi M o e w³cöwz cövq 90,000 Wjvi kn ii cövq 20 fvm GjvKv AZ š wbgœ Av qi AvIZvq P j G m Q wbgœ Av qi jvkrb ewk hme GjvKvq m jvi g a i q Q vie iv, DËi B Uvwe Kv, eªv úub, wgwmmvmv, Wvinvg cöf wz 1970 mv j Gme GjvKvi 905wU Rv bi 86% wqj ga weë, 2005 mv j Zv `uvovq 61%-G Ges ez gv b Zv AviI K g Q Ab w` K 2001 mvj _ K 2006 mv ji g a B abx GjvKv kzkiv 14 fvm e o Q *6 ms KvwPZ n q co Q ga weë kªyx Ui Uv dvd Ûkb bv g GKwU emikvwi ms v gqi wbe vpb K mvg b i L kni Ui Uvi Rxe bi gvb m úwk Z cöwz e` b G Z_ cökvk K i Q dvd Ûkb gqi cöv_ x `i cö Z Ki Kv QB MZ A ±vei 2010-G Lvjv wpwv wn m e GB cöwz e`bwu cvwv q Q cöwz e`bwu Z D j-l Kiv n q Q, `y cövc nvdwrs, bmi cwien bi ^ízv, bvmwik `i eo GKwU As ki Avw_ K Am QjZv Ui Uvi Rb ûgwk n q `uvov Q cöwz e` b cwimsl vb w` q ejv nq, 1970 mv j hlv b Awaevmx `i 66 kzvsk ga g Av qi wqj, mlv b GLb ga g Av qi Awaevmx `i cwigvy gvî 29 kzvsk ga weë `i GKwU eo Ask wbgœ Av qi Rb Mvôx Z cwiyz niqvq GB cwiw wzi D e n q Q cövq 1 wgwjq bi ewk Awaevmx Ui Uvi Sz uwkc~y GjvKvq emevm Ki Q e j D j-l K i cöwz e` b ejv nq, wbgœ Av qi jvk `i mvei qmn, ch vß hvmv hvm buiqv K i KvQvKvwQ GjvKvq emev mi mvg_ bb eva n qb Zviv ^í fvovq `~iez x GjvKvq emevm K i hvmv hvm e e vi AcÖZyjZvi Kvi Y A bk mgq Zviv kni _ K wew Qbœ _v K A a KiI ewk jvk `vwi`ª mxgvi wb P Ui Uvi BqK BDwbfvwm wui cö dmi gvb Kj Iib vb bi M elyvg~jk Kv Ri ch v jvpbv K i WBwj Ui Uv v ii wi cvu vi G jb Kwi cwîkvq h Z_ cökvk K i Qb Zvi Askwe kl GLv b Zy j aiwq: 1. Race, income splits Toromto, study warns. 2. Toronto is rapidly becoming segregated alog racial, ethnic, social and economic lines, warns a new syudy. 3. Tere are Ôhuge inequalitiesõ in income, empioyment, education and rates of poverty among ethno-racial groups, says the study by York University Peofessor Michael Ornstein, obtained by the Star. *7 kn ii eû wfwrej gvbbwiwu Ri A a KiI ewk jvk `vwi`ª mxgvi wb P Rxebhvcb Ki Q, Ab w` K weªwuk, BD ivcxq Ges Ab vb mv`v Pvgov Awaevmx `i gv S `wi `ªi msl v 10%-GiI Kg GB wfwrej gvbbwiwu `i AwaKvs kib nvb z ji wk vmz hvm Zv _vkv m Ë I G `i gv S ekvi Z i nvi 52.2% _ K 70% ch š j Kiv hvq hviv Ly u R cvq ZvivI wbgœzg grywii RuvZvK j `ytmn Rxe b AvU K Av Q

133 `wi`ª _ K `wi`ªzi n q Q wewfbœ `k _ K AvMZ `i wkïmš vb `i kzkiv 50 fvm `wi`ª Rxeb KvUv Q G `i gv S Av Q Avwd«Kvb, wb MÖv, Ges KvbvwWqvb wkï (41,560 Rb) Avie Ges I q Gwkqvb wkï (10,805 Rb) j vwzb Av gwikvb wkï (10,325 Rb) Ges mvd_ Gwkqvb wkï (23,060 Rb) D³ kªyxi jvk `i gv S `vwi`ª GZB cöku h Zviv Zv `i mš vb `i R b cö qvrbxq Lv` -cvbxq RvMv Z A g wi cv U gš e Kiv n q Q h, wi cv U kbv³ Kiv `wi`ª bmievmx `i Rxe b Things have gone drastically wrong. Things have gotten in a really scary way. GB wpî fxwzrbk BwgMÖ v U `i gv S hviv bevmz Zv `i Ae v me P q kvpbxq KviY Zv `i G- kn i m Uj g U cö mm Pj Q mewkqy ey S D V Avq- ivrmv ii c_ Ly u R wb Z ^fvezb em c Z n Q *8 Ab GKwU cöeü _ K `Lv hvq h, 1990-Gi `k Ki Ui Uv Ges MÖUvi Ui Uv Gwiqv Z (wrwug) `vwi`ª e o Q 1996 m b wrwug emevmkvix evwl K 40 nvrvi Wjv ii wb Pi Av qi cwievi jv kzkiv cövq 70 fvm GKgvÎ Ui Uv kn ib evm KiZ GB kn i `vwi `ª i nvi 1991 m bi 18.9% _ K e o 1996 m b 28%- G D V Q GB mg qi e eav b Ui Uv kn i emevmkvix mevb `wi`ª _ K `wi`ªzi n q Q *9 W gvmövwd wi cvu vi G jb Kwii wøzxq cöe Ü `Lv hvq h m bi Z_ Abyhvqx Ui Uv kn i emevmkvix `yb m` m i cwiev ii Rb `vwi`ª mxgv cvfvwu jvbb/ jv-bbkvg KvU-Ad, me ai bi U v K U bqvi ci wqj eq i 17,705 Wjvi Ges Pvi m` m i cwiev ii Rb `vwi`ª mxgv wqj eq i 27,890 Wjvi A_ vr hv `i evrmwik Avq IB A ¼i mgvb A_ev Kg wqj Zviv mevb `wi`ª bvmwik `i Aš f y³ we kl K i h-me cwiev i mš vbvw` i q Q wfwrej gvbbwiwu Ri AwaKvskB fvm e j wbz m½x cö dmi gvb Kj Iib vbb Zvi wi cv U wewfbœ Gw_&bK MÖæ ci `vwi `ª i h PvU ˆZwi K i Qb Zv _ K mgmö wpîwu AwZ mn RB Abyaveb Kiv hvq wpîwu gvuvgywufv e wbgœiƒct hviv `vwi`ª mxgvi wb P Rxebhvcb Ki Q (kzkiv nvi) Nvbvi Awfevmx 88%, AvdMvb 78%, Bw_Iwcqvb 70%, mvgvwj 65%, Zvwgj 55%, cvwk vwb 55%, evsjv `wk 55%, Ab vb Avwd«Kvb RvwZ 53%, m Uªvj Av gwikvb 53%, kªxj¼vb 53%, Avie I q Gwkqvb 52%, Avwd«Kvb Kv jv 51%, KvbvwWqvb Avw`evmx 50%, RvgvBKvb 50%, wf qzbvwgr 50%, Ab vb Avie/B Gwkqvb 48%, Ab vb mvb_ Gwkqvb 46%, Kvwiqvb 45%, Ab vb K vwiweqvb 40%, mvd_ Av gwikvb Ges gw Kvb 40%, mgmö BD ivcxqvb 15%, weªwuk AwiwRb 10% 264 wug wi mi Av iv GKwU gš e LyeB cöwyavb hvm wzwb e j Qb, GB Av qi ˆelg I `vwi`ª A UvwiI mikv ii wzbwu ivr bwzk wm v š ib cwiywz, ZvB GB Ae vi cwiez bi GB mikv iib `vwqz *10 gvbwmk Amȳ Zv : wz 51 wewjqb Wjvi g~jz A_ bwzk I gvbwmk Kvi Y 4.6 wgwjqb KvbvwWqvb D P i³pv c fym Q *11 Avi Gme gvbwmk Amȳ ZvRwbZ Kvi Y KvbvWvi A_ bxwz Z cöwz eqi 51 wewjqb Wjvi wz n Q m Uvi di GwWKkb A vû g Uvj nj_, KvbvWv 2010-G GK mgx vq Rvbvq h, PvKwiMZ `ywðš vi Kvi YB ewkifvm PvKwiRxexiv gvbwmkfv e Amȳ n q Kg A g n q co Q Aciw` K, wîk jv Li ewk KvbvwWqvb Wvq ewuk m Avµvš *12 Avi ü` ivmxi cwigvy 8% `w Y Gwkqvb, 10% k Zv½ I 11% K òv½ G Z_ w` q Q Ui Uv Bbw wudu di wk wbk vj A v fj qwuf mv qý 2010 eq i AvZ nz v `o nvrvi gw U«q ji m U j i Ýi Dci Ac~e Rü v KvwU q weªr Avi GB mzyi mš ` h i Avov j jywk q Av Q giyduv` cöwz eqi G weªr _ K jvwd q c o `o nvrvi nzvkvmö Í gvbyl AvZ nz v K i AvZ nbb iv ai Rb cöwz iva eov wbg v Yi e q 13 wgwjqb Wjvi n e e j dwv ij weªr Ki cv ikb GZ UvKv LiP Ki Z bvivr ZvB cö vewu bvkp n q hvq *13 Ui Uv kn ii G ai bi AvZ nz v iv a W vb dv_ GwfwbD WvDbUvD bi c~e ji weª R cöwz ivag~jk eov `qv n q Q hvi bvgñ mvmvbwu weªr byb Avb Z cvš v dzivq bri j wg Uvi ÔDËi Av gwikv Pjw PÎÕ MÖš _ K wkqy Z_ wpî Dc vcb Kiv n Q hgb: webv cqmvq Lv` weziy K i dzw e vsk ms v 1995-G e nëi Ui Uvi 1 jvl 10 nvrvi jvk GB wiwjd _ K DcK Z n q Q dzw e vs Ki 46% MÖnxZv n Q wkïiv/zv `i 16% wczvgvzv Rvwb q Qb, Zv `i wkïiv Aš Z GKw`b D cvm _v K *14 G Qvov BDbvB UW I q IB eqi 29 nvrvi M nnxb `i Avkªq, 25 nvrvi Q j g q `i Afvex K mkv j bv v Ges 4 jvl 64 nvrvi Lv` -c v KU weziy 265

134 y K i Q cöexy `i g a Ui Uv Z 1995-G Kg g ekv ii msl v 3 jv Li ewk wqj hviv w`b w`b gvbwmkfv e f O co Q ewkifvm jv KiB Ôbyb Avb Z cvš v dzivqõ `ikvwi wrwbm Kbvi Rb jvkrb Ni _ K ei Z mvnm cvq bv KviY, ei j evm fvov wksev mvei q LiP 4 Wjvi hw`i ez gv b (3+3) 6 Wjvi (c~ e v³ c -177) G Qvov D³ MÖ š bvbv ai bi Ab vq/a bwzk/cözviyvi ey bv w` q Qb hgb: (K) 1996 mv j cöv `wkk mikvi I A Uvwi I m KÛvwi zj wk K dwv ikb hš_ GK wi cv U Rvwb q Q, 80% evwjkv cövbgvwi z j _vkv Ae vq evjk KZ K jvwãz nq (wk kvi Aciva/c -110) (L) bybvfv Ui g Zv Kg RbemwZi cö ` ki Aciv ai nvi e w c q Q 18 fvm A UvwiI Z j vwak Aciv ai g a 784wU n Q eo ai bi µvbg Ui Uv bmix Z 2003-G nz vkvð n q Q 548wU RvwjqvwZi msl v Av iv A bk ewk D³ mv j Rvj bvu cviqv M Q 13 wgwjqb Wjvi (KvbvWvq avüvevr/c ) (M) WBwj Ui Uv vi KÕeQi Av M mwpî msev` Q c h Ui Uv BDwbfvwm wui mvwu wd KUI Rvj Ki Q PvBwbRiv KvbvWvmn DËi Av gwikvi 95% msmvb n Q juvi nw me ^ Z_v wjwfs i g Kw `ªK... Ges ` ki wecbœ gvby li bv g DVv bv A_ Kv_vq hv, Zv wmsnfv Mi ARvbv ( c~ e v³/c ) (N) me bvkv µwwu KvW io- ei Oi wfmv Kv W i wz³ AwfÁZvI ewy Z n q Q D³ MÖ š (me bvkv µwwu KvW / c -85) (O) weevn, Aweevn, msmvi Ges nzfvm mš vb `i Rwic Zy j aiv n q Q G MÖ š : 1973 mv j cövq 12% Q j g q G eq mi g a Zv `i evev gvi weevn-we Q` n Z ` L Q 1963 mv j G msl v wqj gvî 6.5% me P q `ytlrbk n Q, Gme wkï `i GKwU weivu Ask Avi Zv `i evev K Avi Kv bvw`b ` Lwb M elyvq `Lv M Q, 86% Q j g q Zv `i gv qi m ½ emevm K i Ab w` K gvî 7% evevi m ½ emevm K i Ges 58% Q j g q gv m GKevi gvî Zv `i evevi m ½ `Lv Kivi my hvm cvq Gw` K 10 eqi eqm ch š `yb-z Zxqvsk Q j- g q ÔKgb jõ (we qewnf ~Z `v úz Rxeb) m ú K i evev-gvi N i eo nq Ges Avjv`v niqvi ` k cöz K i Ab w` K weevwnz evev-gvi Kv Q _ K G ` k cöz K i 14% Q j g q (KvbvWvi nzfvm wkïiv/ c -37) Gevi WwfU RvwjqvwZ 2011-Gi ïi ZB AvZ ¼i msev` w` q Q KbRygvi G mvwm qkb Ae KvbvWv ïay 266 wfmv gv vi µwwu Kv W B bq, Gevi ïi n q Q WwfU Kv W i RvwjqvwZ MZ G WwfU Kv W i RvwjqvwZ Z wz n q Q wgwjqb Wjvi eq i Mvwo Pzwi cövq 2 jvl cywjk wi cvu _ K Rvbv hvq, AvUk msne Acivax MÖæc kni Ges kn ii evb i eq i 1 jvl 70 nvrvi Mvwo Pywi K i Ges Zv `w Y mxgvš cvwo w` q Icv i P j hvq 2-3 NÈvi g a B *15 D³ MÖ š jlk Av iv A bk cözviyvi wpî Dc vcb K i Qb hgb- ÔcÖZviYv KvbvWv vbjõ kxl K wbe Ü Zy j a i Qb fzqv wk v cöwzôvb Ô KbvwW«qvb K jr Ae wer bm A vû Kw úduviõ-gi cözviyv G ai bi wk v cöwzôv bi msl vi Kg bq KvbvWvq wcqvimb KvbvWvi wbk ó wegvbe `i! KvbvWvi wegvbe `i jvi g a wcqvimb B Uvib vkbvj Gqvi cvu n Q me P q wbk ó wegvbe `i d vbu buiqvk WUKg bv gi GKwU AbjvBb U«v fj I qemvb Ui Rwi c wcqvimb we ewpz n q Q me P q AwcÖq wegvbe `i wn m e wegvbhvîx `i g Z, mevi wbgœgvb, AZ wak hvîx, aximwzi wbivcëv PK I Lvevi I we bv` bi AcÖZyjZvi Kvi YB hvîxiv GB wegvbe `iwu K cq `i ZvwjKvq ivl Z Pvb bv Rwi c wøzxq wegvbe ` ii ZvwjKvq G m Q gw U«q ji wc q i GwjqU Uª y Wvi Ggwc `i bvbvb K j¼vwi K ò Ki j jxjvñ Avi Avwg Ki j cvc! evsjv ` ki Î hv cvc, Zv Dbœqbkxj ` ki Rb jxjvzyj ZvB A bk DbœZ ` ki g Zv KvbvWvi gš x, Ggwc ivrbxwzwe`iv bvix I A_, K j¼vwi, `yb xwz, ^RbcÖxwZmn bvbv ai bi bwzevpk K g Rwo q c ob hvi Rb gvgjv n j Zv Av`vjZ ch š Movq Zvi LÐwPÎ cviqv hv e WBwj Ui Uv v ii g 2010-G wi cvu _ K me P q `yb xwzmö Í cöwfý KzB ek KzB e Ki Ab ikg GK welq wb q Lei wj L Q msev`wfwëk GKwU RvZxq g vmvwrb g vkwkb ejv n Q, g vkwk bi `ytl cökv ki `vwe DV Q Avi G `vwe Rvbv Qb KzB ek wmwu DB Uvi Kvwb fv ji ivrbxwzkiv mvßvwnk IB g vmvwrbwu Zv `i cö Q ` KzB ek K KvbvWvi me P q `yb xwzmö Í cöwfý wn m e AvL vwqz K i Q cö Q ` eb nvg Kvwb fvj mœvg vb K UvKv fwz weªd Km wb q h Z `Lv 267

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141 Z_ m~î: 1. ` e½wj UvBgm, deªæqvwi 25, 2010, Ui Uv 2. mycvweb U f U Ae e vkkivcwmi m~î gvzv ek ` e½wj UvBgm b f ^i 26, 2010, Ui Uv 3. ` e½wj UvBgm, gvp 08, 2010, Ui Uv 4. ` e½wj UvBgm, gvp 08, 2010, KvbvWv 5. WBwj mvb, deªæqvwi 9, 2011, Ui Uv 6. gvwmk Avb ` KvMR, deªæqvwi 2009 msl v, Ui Uv 7. Daily Toronto Star, July 07, 2000, Tronto, Canada 8. Ui Uv kn ii wfwrej gvbbwiwur Ges Zv `i `vwi`ª Ñ Av Rv g b c o/ mvb`yj Bmjvg, cökvkkt ^ie Äb cökvkbx, cökvkkvjt 2004, XvKv 9. WBwj Ui Uv vi, RyjvB 14, 2000, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 10. WBwj Ui Uv vi, RyjvB 19, 2000, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 11. K vb nj_ wmrvi mv f A_ vr CHMS, deªæqvwi 15, KvbvWv gww Kj G mvwm qkb Rvb vj, deªæqvwi 22, 2010 msl v, Ui Uv 13. ` M-ve A vû gbj, KvbvwWqvb b vkbvj WBwj, A ±vei 15, 2003, KvbvWv 14. _ v¼m wmwfs W/ c KvbvWvi wpwv/ ZvRyj gvnv `, cökvkk, Ab cökvk, cökvkkvj: eb gjv 2007, XvKv c ôv ` e½wj UvBgm, ww m ^i 23, 2010, Ui Uv 17. ` e½wj UvBgm 25, b f ^i Ges ww m ^i 09, 2010 Ui Uv 18. WBwj 24 AvIqvm, AvM 25, 2010, Ui Uv 19. n i Qb RR, dv W i Ô MÖwf U«bÕ KZ`~i hv e?/ gvnv ` Avjx evlvix, ` e½wj UvBgm, A ±vei 28, 2010, Ui Uv 20. KvbvWvwewW wbdr, AvM 15, 2010 Ui Uv 21. mvßvwnk mgq, m Þ ^i 25, 2008, Ui Uv 22. mvßvwnk AvRKvj m Þ ^i 23, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 23. vwumwukm KvbvWv, GwcÖj 01, 2001, KvbvWv 24. AbjvBb mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, Ryb 16, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 25. AbjvBb mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, Ryb 09, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 26. mvßvwnk cöevm evsjv, GwcÖj 16,1995, gw U«qj, KvbvWv 27. mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, GwcÖj 07, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 28. AbjvBb mvßvwnk e½wj UvBgm, gvp 17, 2011, Ui Uv, KvbvWv 29. Z_ m~î: ˆ`wbK evsjv `k cöwzw`b, g 17, m~î: evieviv Gn ibwip, jwlkv, wb Kj G v WvBg, cj µbm ievu m, nvd ` B Kvbwg IqvR j, Kjvwg, Iqvjw ªU Rvb vj Aej ^ b mvßvwnk `kké, AvM 12, 2011, wbdbqk, Av gwikv ) 31. ˆ`wbK B ËdvK, m Þ ^i 16, 2011, XvKv 32. Agj aej PvKwi/ Rwmg gwj-k ` e½wj UvBgm WUKg, m Þ ^i 22, 2011 Ui Uv, KvbvWv 33. KvbvwWqvb Bwg MÖkb/ gyn ` AvLZvi nv mb mvd_ B cvewj KkÝ, AvM 2001, XvKv c `kvš wi niqvi Av M fveyb, wc-r... cövq cöwz eqib Avš R vwzk Rwi c cökvk, g Z i f~ ^M n Q KvbvWvi f v¼zfvi c w_exi miv 10wU kn ii kx l f v¼zfvi emev mi Rb me P q kªô vb ïay ZvB bq, KvbvWvi AviI `ywu kni miv kni wn m e vb c q Q Ui Uv Ges nwjd v Aciw` K bó- bvsiv 10wU kn ii PZy_ v b i q Q XvKv kni `ywe ln jvw kwws, hvbru, mvgvb e wó Z Rjve Zv, Amnbxq Mig, AZ wak RbmsL v, `ªe g~ j i cvmjv Nvov, mš vmx-puv`vevwr, ivr bwzk Aw izv, Pviw` K Ab vq-awbqg, AmZZv BZ vw` bmievmx K `vi Yfv e wewl q Zy j Q GB bvwfk vm _ K wrw bmievmx gyw³ Pvq Avi mb gyw³i Rb Ges DbœZ Rxe bi Rb hv `i mva -mvg_ Av Q, ZvivI ÔAwfevmxÕ n Z Pvb mva -mvg_ i evb i hviv ZvivI AvcÖvY Póv K ib Aš Z Q j g qi fwel Zi K_v f eb! Avgv `i QvÆ GKwU `k, mlv b KvwU KvwU RbmsL v `k _ K hz gvbyl we ` k hv e, ` ki Rb ZZB g½j g½j me A _ B, we kl K i A_ bwzk g½j GLbI cöevmx `i cvvv bv iwgu vý kx l ` ki gvbyl cöavbzt `yõfv e we ` k hvb PvKwi wb q Ges Awfevmx n q hviv PvKwii Rb kªwgk wn m e hv Qb Zv `i Rb mikv ii 2-3wU gš Yvjq Av Q cöevmx Kj vy gš Yvjq, Rbkw³ idzvwb gš Yvjq, ciivó«gš Yvjq Giv wk f~wgkv ivl Q-Zv mevib Rvbv Avwg m welq wb q Av jvpbv Ki Z PvB bv Avgvi Av jvpbv Awfevmxi g a B mxgve ivl Z PvB Rvwb, GB jlv c o A b KB g b g b Mvj w` q nq Zv ej eb, wb R Zv wvkb KvbvWvq _v Kb GLb bwzevpk e³ Zv w` Q A b KB GK_v e j QbI wkš GKRb m PZb gvbyl wn m e Avwg Avgvi Dcjwä cökvk KiwQ mviv c w_ex ZB Awfevm bi Øvi cövq eü BD iv c bb ej jb P j Av gwikv Awc 1, wwwe w` q cöwz eqi wkqy jvk bq Bsj vû, A «wjqvq wm q wk v_ xiv _vkvi Póv K i G Î GKgvÎ BwgMÖ v Ui `k KvbvWvB Ô ^Ztù~Z fv e ^vmzõ Rvbvq úýi K i hviqv ev ivr bwzk AvkªqI k~ b i KvVvi w` K G Q h KvbvWv cöwz eqi wewfbœ K vuvmwi Z jvl jvl jvk K Avgš Y Rvbv Zv-wek g `vi Kvi Y Zviv Zv `i ÔAvgš YbxwZÕ w`b w`b 281

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