Optical Characterization of Solids
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1 D. Dragoman M. Dragoman Optical Characterization of Solids With 184 Figures Springer
2 1. Elementary Excitations in Solids Energy Band Structure in Crystalline Materials k p Method Numerical Methods of Electron Energy Band Calculation Phonons Bose-Einstein Statistics Fermi-Dirac Statistics Plasmons Magnetic Excitations Magnons Excitons Frenkel Excitons Wannier-Mott Excitons Interactions Between Excitons Bound Excitons and Excitonic Complexes Polarons Polaritons 35 References Optica! Transitions The Quantization of the Electromagnetic Radiation Transition Probabilities Optical Properties of Crystalline Materials Mechanisms for Spectral Line Broadening Lorentzian Broadening of Spectral Lines Gaussian Broadening of Spectral Line Voigt Profile Multipolar Contributions to the Interaction Hamiltonian Optical Constants of Solids Kramers-Krönig Relations Drude-Lorentz Theory of the Electrically Charged Oscillators SumRule 54
3 XII Microscopic Origin of Absorption Absorption Mechanisms Band-to-Band Light Absorption: Direct andaüowed Absorption Band-to-Band Direct, Forbidden Transitions Band-to-Band Indirect, Allowed Transitions Band-to-Band Indirect, Forbidden Transitions Effects That Can Appear at Band-to-Band Absorption Intraband Absorption Absorption on Free Carriers Absorption on Wannier-Mott Excitons Indirect Excitonic Absorption Biexciton Production Through Photon Absorption Light Absorption on Phonons Optical Properties of Solids in External Magnetic Fields Energy Levels in Magnetic Field Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with a System in a Magnetic Field Light Interaction with Metals in Magnetic Field Phenomena at Low Frequencies The Shubnikov-de Haas Effect Photoluminescence Inelastic Light Scattering Raman Scattering." Brillouin Scattering Nonlinear Optical Response of Solids Nonlinear Raman Effect Stimulated Raman Effect Inverse Raman Scattering Hyper-Raman Effect Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Optical Methods for the Characterization of Light-Matter Interaction Transmission/Reflection Spectroscopy Modulated Reflectance and Transmittance Pump-Probe Spectroscopy Amplitude and Phase Spectroscopy Photoluminescence Light Scattering Four-Wave Mixing Optical Bloch Equations Quantum Beats and Polarization Beats Spectral Hole Burning 118
4 XIII Fluorescence Line Narrowing Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect Line Identification 122 References Optical Properties of Impurities in Solids Electronic Structure of Isolated Atoms Ions in Crystals Frank-Condon Principle for Defects with Large Orbits Jahn-Teller Effect Interactions Between Ions Spatial Migration Optical Properties of the Rare-Earth Ions Judd-Ofelt Theory of One and Two Photon Transitions Optical Spectraof Rare-Earth Ions Interaction Processes for Rare-Earth Ions Transition Metal Ions Optical Properties of Transition Metal Ions Iron-Group Ion Pairs Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors Manganites Color Centers Filled-Shell Ions Optical Properties of Donors and Acceptors in Semiconductors 170 References Bulk Materials Electronic Structure Excitons in Bulk Semiconductors Anharmonic Effects Isotope Effects Effects Due to Alloying Deformation Potentials Optical Determination of Magnetic Properties Rotational Spectraof Solids Many-Body Effects Coupled Excitations Relaxation Phenomena in Bulk Semiconductors Exciton Relaxation Carrier Relaxation Phonon Relaxation Optical Properties of Metals Phase Transitions 220 References 231
5 XIV 5. Optical Properties of Interfaces and Thin Films Surface Effects Thin Films Magnetic Thin Films 246 References Low-Dimensional Structures Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Heterostructures Quantum Well Excitons Optical Properties of Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Heterostructures Intraband Absorption Excitonic Absorption Luminescence Scattering in Low-Dimensional Heterostructures Intersubband Optical Transitions Depolarization Shift and Coulomb Renormalization Radiative Intraband Transitions in Heterostructures. M Collective Excitations Nonlinear Optics Optical Characterization of Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Heterostructures Confinement Effects Optical Determination Electronic Structure Parameters Determination of Internal Electric Fields Diffusion Optical Properties of Excitons Biexcitons Magnetic Properties Collective Excitations Coupled Excitations Quantum Microcavities Relaxation Phenomena in Low Dimensional Structures Many-Body Effects Coupled Quantum Wells Carbon Nanotubes Optical Properties of Superlattices Band Structure Excitons in Superlattices Other Parameters Nanoparticles 342 References 347
6 XV 7. Optical Properties of Disordered Materials Disordered Alloys Disordered Superlattices Rough Surfaces Polycrystalline and Nanocrystalline Materials Continuous-Network Structures Optical Properties of Amorphous Materials Theory of Electronic States in Amorphous Semiconductors General Optical Properties of Amorphous Semiconductors Tetrahedrally Coordinated Amorphous Semiconductors Chalcogenide Glasses Other Amorphous Materials 401 References 404 ^ 8. Optical Properties of High-Temperature Superconductors High-Temperature Superconductors Optical Methods for HTS Investigation Anisotropy of Optical Response Observation of Superconducting Transition Symmetry of Superconducting Gap Non-BCS Behavior BCS-Like Behavior HTS Dynamics Pseudogap 431 References 438 Index 441 Index of Materials 447
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