Solid Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Solid Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films"

Transcription

1 Hans Lüth Solid Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films Fifth Edition With 427 Figures.2e Springer

2 Contents 1 Surface and Interface Physics: Its Definition and Importance... 1 Panel I: Ultrahigh Vacuum (UHV) Technology... 6 Panel II: Basics of Particle Optics and Spectroscopy Problems Preparation of Well-Defined Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films Why Is Ultrahigh Vacuum Used? Cleavage in UHV Ion Bombardment and Annealing Evaporation and Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) Epitaxy by Means of Chemical Reactions Panel III: Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) Panel IV: Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) Problems Morphology and Structure of Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films Surface Stress, Surface Energy, and Macroscopic Shape Relaxation, Reconstruction, and Defects Two-Dimensional Lattices, Superstructure, and Reciprocal Space Surface Lattices and Superstructures D Reciprocal Lattice Structural Models of Solid Solid Interfaces Nucleation and Growth of Thin Films Modes of Film Growth "Capillary Model" of Nucleation Film-Growth Studies: Experimental Methods and Some Results Panel V: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Microprobe Techniques Panel VI: Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) Panel VII: Surface Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (SEXAFS) Problems xi

3 xii Contents 4 Scattering from Surfaces and Thin Films Kinematic Theory of Surface Scattering The Kinematic Theory of Low-Energy Electron Diffraction What Can We Learn from Inspection of a LEED Pattern Dynamic LEED Theory, and Structure Analysis Matching Formalism Multiple-Scattering Formalism Structure Analysis Kinematics of an Inelastic Surface Scattering Experiment Dielectric Theory of Inelastic Electron Scattering Bulk Scattering Surface Scattering Dielectric Scattering on a Thin Surface Layer Some Experimental Examples of Inelastic Scattering of Low-Energy Electrons at Surfaces The Classical Limit of Particle Scattering Conservation Laws for Atomic Collisions: Chemical Surface Analysis Rutherford BackScattering (RBS): Channeling and Blocking Panel VIII: Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) and Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) Panel IX: Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) Problems Surface Phonons The Existence of "Surface" Lattice Vibrations on a Linear Chain Extension to a Three-Dimensional Solid with a Surface Rayleigh Waves The Use of Rayleigh Waves as High-Frequency Filters Surface-Phonon (Plasmon) Polaritons Dispersion Curves from Experiment and from Realistic Calculations Panel X: Atom and Molecular Beam Scattering Problems Electronic Surface States Surface States for a Semi-Infinite Chain in the Nearly-Free Electron Model Surface States of a 3D Crystal and Their Charging Character Intrinsic Surface States Extrinsic Surface States Aspects of Photoemission Theory General Description Angle-Integrated Photoemission

4 Contents xiii Bulk- and Surface-State Emission Symmetry of Initial States and Selection Rules Many-Body Aspects Some Surface-State Band Structures for Metals s- and p-like Surface States d-like Surface States Empty and Image-Potential Surface States Surface States on Semiconductors Elemental Semiconductors III-V Compound Semiconductors Group III Nitrides II-VI Compound Semiconductors Panel XI: Photoemission and Inverse Photoemission Problems Space-Charge Layers at Semiconductor Interfaces Origin and Classification of Space-Charge Layers The Schottky Depletion Space-Charge Layer Weak Space-Charge Layers Space-Charge Layers on Highly Degenerate Semiconductors The General Case of a Space-Charge Layer and Fermi-level Pinning Quantized Accumulation and Inversion Layers Some Particular Interfaces and Their Surface Potentials The Silicon MOS Field-Effect Transistor Magnetic Field Induced Quantization Two-Dimensional Plasmons Panel XII: Optical Surface Techniques Problems Metal Semiconductor Junctions and Semiconductor Heterostructures General Principles Governing the Electronic Structure of Solid Solid Interfaces Metal-Induced Gap States (MIGS) at the Metal Semiconductor Interface Virtual Induced Gap States (VIGS) at the Semiconductor Heterointerface Structure- and Chemistry-Dependent Models of Interface States Some Applications of Metal Semiconductor Junctions and Semiconductor Heterostructures Schottky Barriers Semiconductor Heterojunctions and Modulation Doping The High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT)

5 xiv Contents 8.6 Quantum Effects in 2D Electron Gases at Semiconductor Interfaces Panel XIII: Electrical Measurements of Schottky-Barrier Heights and Band Offsets Problems Collective Phenomena at Interfaces: Superconductivity and Ferromagnetism Superconductivity at Interfaces Some General Remarks Fundamentals of Superconductivity Andreev Reflection A Simple Model for Transport Through a Normal Conductor Superconductor Interface Josephson Junctions with Ballistic Transport Josephson Effects Josephson Currents and Andreev Levels Subharmonic Gap Structures An Experimental Example of a Superconductor Semiconductor 2DEG Superconductor Josephson Junction Preparation of the Nb-2DEG Nb Junction Critical Currents Through the Nb-2DEG Nb Junction The Current Carrying Regime Supercurrent Control by Non-equilibrium Carriers Ferromagnetism at Surfaces and within Thin Films The Band Model of Ferromagnetism Ferromagnetism in Reduced Dimensions Magnetic Quantum Well States Magnetic Interlayer Coupling Giant Magnetoresistance and Spin-Transfer Torque Mechanism Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Magnetic Anisotropies and Magnetic Domains Spin-Transfer Torque Effect: A Magnetic Switching Device Panel XIV: Magneto-optical Characterization: Kerr Effect Panel XV: Spin-Polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (SP-STM) Problems Adsorption an Solid Surfaces Physisorption Chemisorption Work-Function Changes Induced by Adsorbates Two-Dimensional Phase Transitions in Adsorbate Layers

6 Contents xv 10.5 Adsorption Kinetics Panel XVI: Desorption Techniques Panel XVII: Kelvin-Probe and Photoemission Measurements for the Study of Work-Function Changes and Semiconductor Interfaces Problems References Index

Harald Ibach Hans Lüth SOLID-STATE PHYSICS. An Introduction to Theory and Experiment

Harald Ibach Hans Lüth SOLID-STATE PHYSICS. An Introduction to Theory and Experiment Harald Ibach Hans Lüth SOLID-STATE PHYSICS An Introduction to Theory and Experiment With 230 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest Contents

More information

Graduate Texts in Physics

Graduate Texts in Physics Graduate Texts in Physics Graduate Texts in Physics Graduate Texts in Physics publishes core learning/teaching material for graduate- and advanced-level undergraduate courses on topics of current and emerging

More information

Concepts in Surface Physics

Concepts in Surface Physics M.-C. Desjonqueres D. Spanjaard Concepts in Surface Physics Second Edition With 257 Figures Springer 1. Introduction................................. 1 2. Thermodynamical and Statistical Properties of

More information

Surface Analysis - The Principal Techniques

Surface Analysis - The Principal Techniques Surface Analysis - The Principal Techniques Edited by John C. Vickerman Surface Analysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry UMIST, Manchester, UK JOHN WILEY & SONS Chichester New York Weinheim Brisbane

More information

SOLID STATE PHYSICS. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons. J. R. Hook H. E. Hall. Department of Physics, University of Manchester

SOLID STATE PHYSICS. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons. J. R. Hook H. E. Hall. Department of Physics, University of Manchester SOLID STATE PHYSICS Second Edition J. R. Hook H. E. Hall Department of Physics, University of Manchester John Wiley & Sons CHICHESTER NEW YORK BRISBANE TORONTO SINGAPORE Contents Flow diagram Inside front

More information

MODERN TECHNIQUES OF SURFACE SCIENCE

MODERN TECHNIQUES OF SURFACE SCIENCE MODERN TECHNIQUES OF SURFACE SCIENCE Second edition D. P. WOODRUFF & T. A. DELCHAR Department ofphysics, University of Warwick CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface to first edition Preface to second

More information

Sheng S. Li. Semiconductor Physical Electronics. Second Edition. With 230 Figures. 4) Springer

Sheng S. Li. Semiconductor Physical Electronics. Second Edition. With 230 Figures. 4) Springer Sheng S. Li Semiconductor Physical Electronics Second Edition With 230 Figures 4) Springer Contents Preface 1. Classification of Solids and Crystal Structure 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Bravais Lattice

More information

Fundamentals of Nanoscale Film Analysis

Fundamentals of Nanoscale Film Analysis Fundamentals of Nanoscale Film Analysis Terry L. Alford Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, USA Leonard C. Feldman Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA James W. Mayer Arizona State University Tempe,

More information

Semiconductor Physical Electronics

Semiconductor Physical Electronics Semiconductor Physical Electronics Sheng S. Li Department of Electrical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville, Florida Plenum Press New York and London Contents CHAPTER 1. Classification of Solids

More information

Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Photoelectron Spectroscopy Stefan Hüfner Photoelectron Spectroscopy Principles and Applications Third Revised and Enlarged Edition With 461 Figures and 28 Tables JSJ Springer ... 1. Introduction and Basic Principles 1 1.1 Historical

More information

Surface Analysis - The Principal Techniques

Surface Analysis - The Principal Techniques Surface Analysis - The Principal Techniques 2nd Edition Editors johnc.vickerman Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, UK IAN S. GILMORE National Physical Laboratory, Teddington,

More information

QUANTUM WELLS, WIRES AND DOTS

QUANTUM WELLS, WIRES AND DOTS QUANTUM WELLS, WIRES AND DOTS Theoretical and Computational Physics of Semiconductor Nanostructures Second Edition Paul Harrison The University of Leeds, UK /Cf}\WILEY~ ^INTERSCIENCE JOHN WILEY & SONS,

More information

Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductor Structures

Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductor Structures Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductor Structures Jasprit Singh University of Michigan, Ann Arbor CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS CONTENTS PREFACE INTRODUCTION xiii xiv 1.1 SURVEY OF ADVANCES

More information

Semiconductor Physical Electronics

Semiconductor Physical Electronics Semiconductor Physical Electronics Sheng S. Li Semiconductor Physical Electronics Second Edition With 230 Figures Sheng S. Li Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida Gainesville,

More information

Surfaces, Interfaces, and Layered Devices

Surfaces, Interfaces, and Layered Devices Surfaces, Interfaces, and Layered Devices Building blocks for nanodevices! W. Pauli: God made solids, but surfaces were the work of Devil. Surfaces and Interfaces 1 Interface between a crystal and vacuum

More information

Physics of Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Structures

Physics of Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Structures Physics of Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Structures Edited by Paul Butcher University of Warwick Coventry, England Norman H. March University of Oxford Oxford, England and Mario P. Tosi Scuola Normale

More information

Principles of Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy

Principles of Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy Principles of Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy Second Edition E. L. Wolf Polytechnic Institute of New York University, USA OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Concepts of quantum mechanical

More information

Basic Semiconductor Physics

Basic Semiconductor Physics Chihiro Hamaguchi Basic Semiconductor Physics With 177 Figures and 25 Tables Springer 1. Energy Band Structures of Semiconductors 1 1.1 Free-Electron Model 1 1.2 Bloch Theorem 3 1.3 Nearly Free Electron

More information

(DPHY 21) 1) a) Discuss the propagation of light in conducting surface. b) Discuss about the metallic reflection at oblique incidence.

(DPHY 21) 1) a) Discuss the propagation of light in conducting surface. b) Discuss about the metallic reflection at oblique incidence. (DPHY 21) ASSIGNMENT - 1, MAY - 2015. PAPER- V : ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND MODERN OPTICS 1) a) Discuss the propagation of light in conducting surface. b) Discuss about the metallic reflection at oblique

More information

PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS AND THEIR HETEROSTRUCTURES

PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS AND THEIR HETEROSTRUCTURES PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS AND THEIR HETEROSTRUCTURES Jasprit Singh University of Michigan McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico Milan Montreal

More information

Optical Characterization of Solids

Optical Characterization of Solids D. Dragoman M. Dragoman Optical Characterization of Solids With 184 Figures Springer 1. Elementary Excitations in Solids 1 1.1 Energy Band Structure in Crystalline Materials 2 1.2 k p Method 11 1.3 Numerical

More information

Solid State Physics. GIUSEPPE GROSSO Professor of Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, and INFM

Solid State Physics. GIUSEPPE GROSSO Professor of Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, and INFM Solid State Physics GIUSEPPE GROSSO Professor of Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, University of Pisa, and INFM GIUSEPPE PASTORI PARRAVICINI Professor of Solid State Physics, Department of Physics,

More information

Introduction to the Electronic Properties of Materials

Introduction to the Electronic Properties of Materials Introduction to the Electronic Properties of Materials David Jiles Ames Laboratory US Department of Energy and Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer

More information

Elastic and Inelastic Scattering in Electron Diffraction and Imaging

Elastic and Inelastic Scattering in Electron Diffraction and Imaging Elastic and Inelastic Scattering in Electron Diffraction and Imaging Contents Introduction Symbols and definitions Part A Diffraction and imaging of elastically scattered electrons Chapter 1. Basic kinematical

More information

Impact of disorder and topology in two dimensional systems at low carrier densities

Impact of disorder and topology in two dimensional systems at low carrier densities Impact of disorder and topology in two dimensional systems at low carrier densities A Thesis Submitted For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science by Mohammed Ali Aamir Department

More information

The Physics of Nanoelectronics

The Physics of Nanoelectronics The Physics of Nanoelectronics Transport and Fluctuation Phenomena at Low Temperatures Tero T. Heikkilä Low Temperature Laboratory, Aalto University, Finland OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents List of symbols

More information

Quantum Tunneling and

Quantum Tunneling and BEIJING SHANGHAI Quantum Tunneling and Field Electron Emission Theories Shi-Dong Liang Sun Yat-Sen University, China World Scientific NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE HONG KONG TAIPEI CHENNAI Contents Preface

More information

Surfaces, Interfaces, and Layered Devices

Surfaces, Interfaces, and Layered Devices Surfaces, Interfaces, and Layered Devices Building blocks for nanodevices! W. Pauli: God made solids, but surfaces were the work of Devil. Surfaces and Interfaces 1 Role of surface effects in mesoscopic

More information

Surface Sensitivity & Surface Specificity

Surface Sensitivity & Surface Specificity Surface Sensitivity & Surface Specificity The problems of sensitivity and detection limits are common to all forms of spectroscopy. In its simplest form, the question of sensitivity boils down to whether

More information

Understanding. Solid State Physics. Sharon Ann Holgate. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London NewYork

Understanding. Solid State Physics. Sharon Ann Holgate. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London NewYork Understanding Solid State Physics Sharon Ann Holgate (И CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London NewYork CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business A TAYLORS FRANCIS

More information

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and its Application

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and its Application Chunli Bai Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and its Application With 181 Figures SHANGHAI SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL PUBLISHERS Jpl Springer Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Advantages of STM Compared with Other

More information

b) Discuss the amplitude of electromagnetic waves on reflection and refraction at the boundary of a dielectric interface.

b) Discuss the amplitude of electromagnetic waves on reflection and refraction at the boundary of a dielectric interface. (DPHY 21) ASSIGNMENT - 1, DEC - 2018. PAPER- V : ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND MODERN OPTICS 1) a)derive Fresnel equation. b) Discuss the amplitude of electromagnetic waves on reflection and refraction at

More information

From nanophysics research labs to cell phones. Dr. András Halbritter Department of Physics associate professor

From nanophysics research labs to cell phones. Dr. András Halbritter Department of Physics associate professor From nanophysics research labs to cell phones Dr. András Halbritter Department of Physics associate professor Curriculum Vitae Birth: 1976. High-school graduation: 1994. Master degree: 1999. PhD: 2003.

More information

Electronic Properties of Materials An Introduction for Engineers

Electronic Properties of Materials An Introduction for Engineers Rolf E. Hummel Electronic Properties of Materials An Introduction for Engineers With 219 Illustrations Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo Contents PARTI Fundamentals of Electron Theory CHAPTER

More information

NANO/MICROSCALE HEAT TRANSFER

NANO/MICROSCALE HEAT TRANSFER NANO/MICROSCALE HEAT TRANSFER Zhuomin M. Zhang Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore

More information

Transmission Electron Microscopy

Transmission Electron Microscopy L. Reimer H. Kohl Transmission Electron Microscopy Physics of Image Formation Fifth Edition el Springer Contents 1 Introduction... 1 1.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy... 1 1.1.1 Conventional Transmission

More information

M.Sc. (Final) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY Second Year Physics

M.Sc. (Final) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY Second Year Physics Physics Paper - V : ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND MODERN OPTICS (DPHY 21) Answer any Five questions 1) Discuss the phenomenon of reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves at a plane interface between

More information

Low Energy Electrons and Surface Chemistry

Low Energy Electrons and Surface Chemistry G. Ertl, J. Küppers Low Energy Electrons and Surface Chemistry VCH 1 Basic concepts 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Principles of ultrahigh vacuum techniques 2 1.2.1 Why is UHV necessary? 2 1.2.2 Production of

More information

OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND SPECTROSCOPY OF NANOAAATERIALS. Jin Zhong Zhang. World Scientific TECHNISCHE INFORMATIONSBIBLIOTHEK

OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND SPECTROSCOPY OF NANOAAATERIALS. Jin Zhong Zhang. World Scientific TECHNISCHE INFORMATIONSBIBLIOTHEK OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND SPECTROSCOPY OF NANOAAATERIALS Jin Zhong Zhang University of California, Santa Cruz, USA TECHNISCHE INFORMATIONSBIBLIOTHEK Y World Scientific NEW JERSEY. t'on.don SINGAPORE «'BEIJING

More information

MODERN PHYSICS Frank J. Blatt Professor of Physics, University of Vermont

MODERN PHYSICS Frank J. Blatt Professor of Physics, University of Vermont MODERN PHYSICS Frank J. Blatt Professor of Physics, University of Vermont McGRAW-HILL, INC. New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico Milan Montreal New Delhi

More information

INTRODUCTION TO SCA\ \I\G TUNNELING MICROSCOPY

INTRODUCTION TO SCA\ \I\G TUNNELING MICROSCOPY INTRODUCTION TO SCA\ \I\G TUNNELING MICROSCOPY SECOND EDITION C. JULIAN CHEN Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface

More information

DIFFRACTION PHYSICS THIRD REVISED EDITION JOHN M. COWLEY. Regents' Professor enzeritus Arizona State University

DIFFRACTION PHYSICS THIRD REVISED EDITION JOHN M. COWLEY. Regents' Professor enzeritus Arizona State University DIFFRACTION PHYSICS THIRD REVISED EDITION JOHN M. COWLEY Regents' Professor enzeritus Arizona State University 1995 ELSEVIER Amsterdam Lausanne New York Oxford Shannon Tokyo CONTENTS Preface to the first

More information

MS482 Materials Characterization ( 재료분석 ) Lecture Note 2: UPS

MS482 Materials Characterization ( 재료분석 ) Lecture Note 2: UPS 2016 Fall Semester MS482 Materials Characterization ( 재료분석 ) Lecture Note 2: UPS Byungha Shin Dept. of MSE, KAIST 1 Course Information Syllabus 1. Overview of various characterization techniques (1 lecture)

More information

Minimal Update of Solid State Physics

Minimal Update of Solid State Physics Minimal Update of Solid State Physics It is expected that participants are acquainted with basics of solid state physics. Therefore here we will refresh only those aspects, which are absolutely necessary

More information

Quantum Phenomena & Nanotechnology (4B5)

Quantum Phenomena & Nanotechnology (4B5) Quantum Phenomena & Nanotechnology (4B5) The 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), Resonant Tunneling diodes, Hot electron transistors Lecture 11 In this lecture, we are going to look at 2-dimensional electron

More information

EE 527 MICROFABRICATION. Lecture 5 Tai-Chang Chen University of Washington

EE 527 MICROFABRICATION. Lecture 5 Tai-Chang Chen University of Washington EE 527 MICROFABRICATION Lecture 5 Tai-Chang Chen University of Washington MICROSCOPY AND VISUALIZATION Electron microscope, transmission electron microscope Resolution: atomic imaging Use: lattice spacing.

More information

Chapter 4: Bonding in Solids and Electronic Properties. Free electron theory

Chapter 4: Bonding in Solids and Electronic Properties. Free electron theory Chapter 4: Bonding in Solids and Electronic Properties Free electron theory Consider free electrons in a metal an electron gas. regards a metal as a box in which electrons are free to move. assumes nuclei

More information

3.23 Electrical, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Materials

3.23 Electrical, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Materials MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 3.23 Electrical, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Materials Fall 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.

More information

MSE 321 Structural Characterization

MSE 321 Structural Characterization Auger Spectroscopy Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) Scanning Auger Microscopy (SAM) Incident Electron Ejected Electron Auger Electron Initial State Intermediate State Final State Physical Electronics

More information

EE 3329 Electronic Devices Syllabus ( Extended Play )

EE 3329 Electronic Devices Syllabus ( Extended Play ) EE 3329 - Electronic Devices Syllabus EE 3329 Electronic Devices Syllabus ( Extended Play ) The University of Texas at El Paso The following concepts can be part of the syllabus for the Electronic Devices

More information

1.9.5 Stoichiometry, Nonstoichiometry, and Defect Structures 75

1.9.5 Stoichiometry, Nonstoichiometry, and Defect Structures 75 Chapter 1 Elementary Materials Science Concepts 3 1.1 Atomic Structure and Atomic Number 3 1.2 Atomic Mass and Mole 8 1.3 Bonding and Types of Solids 9 1.3.1 Molecules and General Bonding Principles 9

More information

Chapter 3 Properties of Nanostructures

Chapter 3 Properties of Nanostructures Chapter 3 Properties of Nanostructures In Chapter 2, the reduction of the extent of a solid in one or more dimensions was shown to lead to a dramatic alteration of the overall behavior of the solids. Generally,

More information

The Physics of Semiconductors

The Physics of Semiconductors The Physics of Semiconductors with applications to optoelectronic devices KEVIN F. BRENNAN CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface page xi Chapter1 Basic Concepts in Quantum Mechanics 1.1 Introduction

More information

ELECTRODYNAMICS OF CONTINUOUS MEDIA

ELECTRODYNAMICS OF CONTINUOUS MEDIA ELECTRODYNAMICS OF CONTINUOUS MEDIA by L. D. LANDAU and E. M. LIFSHITZ Institute of Physical Problems, USSR Academy of Sciences Volume 8 of Course of Theoretical Physics Translated from the Russian by

More information

Spectroscopies for Unoccupied States = Electrons

Spectroscopies for Unoccupied States = Electrons Spectroscopies for Unoccupied States = Electrons Photoemission 1 Hole Inverse Photoemission 1 Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy 1 Electron/Hole Emission 1 Hole Absorption Will be discussed with core levels

More information

Cross-Section Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of InAs/GaSb Superlattices

Cross-Section Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of InAs/GaSb Superlattices Cross-Section Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of InAs/GaSb Superlattices Cecile Saguy A. Raanan, E. Alagem and R. Brener Solid State Institute. Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000.Israel

More information

Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces

Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces Hans Jürgen Butt, Karlheinz Graf, and Michael Kappl Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Contents Preface XI 1 Introduction

More information

Current mechanisms Exam January 27, 2012

Current mechanisms Exam January 27, 2012 Current mechanisms Exam January 27, 2012 There are four mechanisms that typically cause currents to flow: thermionic emission, diffusion, drift, and tunneling. Explain briefly which kind of current mechanisms

More information

CME 300 Properties of Materials. ANSWERS: Homework 9 November 26, As atoms approach each other in the solid state the quantized energy states:

CME 300 Properties of Materials. ANSWERS: Homework 9 November 26, As atoms approach each other in the solid state the quantized energy states: CME 300 Properties of Materials ANSWERS: Homework 9 November 26, 2011 As atoms approach each other in the solid state the quantized energy states: are split. This splitting is associated with the wave

More information

The Oxford Solid State Basics

The Oxford Solid State Basics The Oxford Solid State Basics Steven H. Simon University of Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 About Condensed Matter Physics 1 1.1 What Is Condensed Matter Physics 1 1.2 Why Do We Study Condensed

More information

Contents. Preface to the first edition

Contents. Preface to the first edition Contents List of authors Preface to the first edition Introduction x xi xiii 1 The nanotechnology revolution 1 1.1 From micro- to nanoelectronics 2 1.2 From the macroscopic to the nanoscopic world 4 1.3

More information

Contents. Acknowledgments

Contents. Acknowledgments MAGNETIC MATERIALS Fundamentals and Applications Second edition NICOLA A. SPALDIN University of California, Santa Barbara CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Acknowledgments page xiii I Basics 1 Review

More information

1. Binary III-V compounds 2 p From which atoms are the 16 binary III-V compounds formed?...column III B, Al, Ga and In...column V N, P, As and Sb...

1. Binary III-V compounds 2 p From which atoms are the 16 binary III-V compounds formed?...column III B, Al, Ga and In...column V N, P, As and Sb... PROBLEMS part B, Semiconductor Materials. 2006 1. Binary III-V compounds 2 p From which atoms are the 16 binary III-V compounds formed?...column III B, Al, Ga and In...column V N, P, As and Sb... 2. Semiconductors

More information

Table 1.1 Surface Science Techniques (page 19-28) Acronym Name Description Primary Surface Information Adsorption or selective chemisorption (1)

Table 1.1 Surface Science Techniques (page 19-28) Acronym Name Description Primary Surface Information Adsorption or selective chemisorption (1) Table 1.1 Surface Science Techniques (page 19-28) Acronym Name Description Primary Surface Information Adsorption or selective chemisorption (1) Atoms or molecules are physisorbed into a porous structure

More information

Nanoscale Surface Physics PHY 5XXX

Nanoscale Surface Physics PHY 5XXX SYLLABUS Nanoscale Surface Physics PHY 5XXX Spring Semester, 2006 Instructor: Dr. Beatriz Roldán-Cuenya Time: Tuesday and Thursday 4:00 to 5:45 pm Location: Theory: MAP 306, Laboratory: MAP 148 Office

More information

2) Atom manipulation. Xe / Ni(110) Model: Experiment:

2) Atom manipulation. Xe / Ni(110) Model: Experiment: 2) Atom manipulation D. Eigler & E. Schweizer, Nature 344, 524 (1990) Xe / Ni(110) Model: Experiment: G.Meyer, et al. Applied Physics A 68, 125 (1999) First the tip is approached close to the adsorbate

More information

Quantum Physics in the Nanoworld

Quantum Physics in the Nanoworld Hans Lüth Quantum Physics in the Nanoworld Schrödinger's Cat and the Dwarfs 4) Springer Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 General and Historical Remarks 1 1.2 Importance for Science and Technology 3 1.3 Philosophical

More information

Contents. Zusammenfassung Abbreviations and Acronyms Notations for Precursor Molecules

Contents. Zusammenfassung Abbreviations and Acronyms Notations for Precursor Molecules Contents Abstract Zusammenfassung Abbreviations and Acronyms Notations for Precursor Molecules xvi xviii xx xxi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 General aspect of group-iii nitrides and their application 3

More information

Optimizing Graphene Morphology on SiC(0001)

Optimizing Graphene Morphology on SiC(0001) Optimizing Graphene Morphology on SiC(0001) James B. Hannon Rudolf M. Tromp Graphene sheets Graphene sheets can be formed into 0D,1D, 2D, and 3D structures Chemically inert Intrinsically high carrier mobility

More information

Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits

Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits L. A. COLDREN S. W. CORZINE University of California Santa Barbara, California A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. NEW YORK / CHICHESTER

More information

SPINTRONICS. Waltraud Buchenberg. Faculty of Physics Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg

SPINTRONICS. Waltraud Buchenberg. Faculty of Physics Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg SPINTRONICS Waltraud Buchenberg Faculty of Physics Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg July 14, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 WHAT IS SPINTRONICS? 2 MAGNETO-RESISTANCE STONER MODEL ANISOTROPIC MAGNETO-RESISTANCE

More information

(a) (b) Supplementary Figure 1. (a) (b) (a) Supplementary Figure 2. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

(a) (b) Supplementary Figure 1. (a) (b) (a) Supplementary Figure 2. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (a) (b) Supplementary Figure 1. (a) An AFM image of the device after the formation of the contact electrodes and the top gate dielectric Al 2 O 3. (b) A line scan performed along the white dashed line

More information

CONTENTS. vii. CHAPTER 2 Operators 15

CONTENTS. vii. CHAPTER 2 Operators 15 CHAPTER 1 Why Quantum Mechanics? 1 1.1 Newtonian Mechanics and Classical Electromagnetism 1 (a) Newtonian Mechanics 1 (b) Electromagnetism 2 1.2 Black Body Radiation 3 1.3 The Heat Capacity of Solids and

More information

Contents Part I Concepts 1 The History of Heterostructure Lasers 2 Stress-Engineered Quantum Dots: Nature s Way

Contents Part I Concepts 1 The History of Heterostructure Lasers 2 Stress-Engineered Quantum Dots: Nature s Way Contents Part I Concepts 1 The History of Heterostructure Lasers Zhores I. Alferov... 3 1.1 Introduction... 3 1.2 The DHS Concept and Its Application for Semiconductor Lasers. 3 1.3 Quantum Dot Heterostructure

More information

The Physics of Ferromagnetism

The Physics of Ferromagnetism Terunobu Miyazaki Hanmin Jin The Physics of Ferromagnetism Springer Contents Part I Foundation of Magnetism 1 Basis of Magnetism 3 1.1 Basic Magnetic Laws and Magnetic Quantities 3 1.1.1 Basic Laws of

More information

ELECTRONS AND PHONONS IN SEMICONDUCTOR MULTILAYERS

ELECTRONS AND PHONONS IN SEMICONDUCTOR MULTILAYERS ELECTRONS AND PHONONS IN SEMICONDUCTOR MULTILAYERS В. К. RIDLEY University of Essex CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Introduction 1 Simple Models of the Electron-Phonon Interaction 1.1 General remarks

More information

Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes

Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes 1 atom thick films of graphite atomic chicken wire Novoselov et al - Science 306, 666 (004) 100μm Geim s group at Manchester Novoselov et al - Nature 438, 197 (005) Kim-Stormer

More information

Physics in two dimensions in the lab

Physics in two dimensions in the lab Physics in two dimensions in the lab Nanodevice Physics Lab David Cobden PAB 308 Collaborators at UW Oscar Vilches (Low Temperature Lab) Xiaodong Xu (Nanoscale Optoelectronics Lab) Jiun Haw Chu (Quantum

More information

Lecture 12. study surfaces.

Lecture 12. study surfaces. Lecture 12 Solid Surfaces Techniques to Solid Surfaces. Techniques to study surfaces. Solid Surfaces Molecules on surfaces are not mobile (to large extent) Surfaces have a long-range order (crystalline)

More information

Nanoelectronics 09. Atsufumi Hirohata Department of Electronics. Quick Review over the Last Lecture

Nanoelectronics 09. Atsufumi Hirohata Department of Electronics. Quick Review over the Last Lecture Nanoelectronics 09 Atsufumi Hirohata Department of Electronics 13:00 Monday, 12/February/2018 (P/T 006) Quick Review over the Last Lecture ( Field effect transistor (FET) ): ( Drain ) current increases

More information

Recommendations for abbreviations in surface science and chemical spectroscopy. (1) The electron, photoelectron and related spectroscopies

Recommendations for abbreviations in surface science and chemical spectroscopy. (1) The electron, photoelectron and related spectroscopies 17.6.3 Recommendations for abbreviations in surface science and chemical spectroscopy The overall list of selected techniques and their abbreviations have been subdivided under the following principal

More information

Preamble: Emphasis: Material = Device? MTSE 719 PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLIDS

Preamble: Emphasis: Material = Device? MTSE 719 PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLIDS MTSE 719 PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLIDS MTSE 719 - PHYSCL PRIN CHARACTIZTN SOLIDS Section # Call # Days / Times 001 96175 -View Book Info - F:100PM - 355PM - TIER114 Preamble: Core course

More information

VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS QUESTION BANK II SEMESTER PH8252 - PHYSICS FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE (Common to CSE & IT) Regulation 2017 Academic Year

More information

Nanomaterials and their Optical Applications

Nanomaterials and their Optical Applications Nanomaterials and their Optical Applications Winter Semester 2013 Lecture 02 rachel.grange@uni-jena.de http://www.iap.uni-jena.de/multiphoton Lecture 2: outline 2 Introduction to Nanophotonics Theoretical

More information

Surface physics, Bravais lattice

Surface physics, Bravais lattice Surface physics, Bravais lattice 1. Structure of the solid surface characterized by the (Bravais) lattice + space + point group lattice describes also the symmetry of the solid material vector directions

More information

Nanoscale Energy Transport and Conversion A Parallel Treatment of Electrons, Molecules, Phonons, and Photons

Nanoscale Energy Transport and Conversion A Parallel Treatment of Electrons, Molecules, Phonons, and Photons Nanoscale Energy Transport and Conversion A Parallel Treatment of Electrons, Molecules, Phonons, and Photons Gang Chen Massachusetts Institute of Technology OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2005 Contents Foreword,

More information

Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Semiconductors and Semiconductor Nanostructures

Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Semiconductors and Semiconductor Nanostructures Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences 115 Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Semiconductors and Semiconductor Nanostructures Bearbeitet von Jagdeep Shah erweitert 1999. Buch. xvi, 522 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3

More information

MSE 321 Structural Characterization

MSE 321 Structural Characterization Auger Spectroscopy Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) Scanning Auger Microscopy (SAM) Incident Electron Ejected Electron Auger Electron Initial State Intermediate State Final State Physical Electronics

More information

1 Introduction COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. 1.1 HowdoweDefinetheSurface?

1 Introduction COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. 1.1 HowdoweDefinetheSurface? 1 Introduction JOHN C. VICKERMAN Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK The surface behaviour of materials

More information

Understanding Solid State Physics Additional Questions. Sharon Ann Holgate

Understanding Solid State Physics Additional Questions. Sharon Ann Holgate Understanding Solid State Physics Additional Questions Sharon Ann Holgate Questions for Chapter 2 2.1(a) What structure does the compound caesium iodide crystallise in? 2.1(b) What does the term "coordination

More information

Energy Spectroscopy. Ex.: Fe/MgO

Energy Spectroscopy. Ex.: Fe/MgO Energy Spectroscopy Spectroscopy gives access to the electronic properties (and thus chemistry, magnetism,..) of the investigated system with thickness dependence Ex.: Fe/MgO Fe O Mg Control of the oxidation

More information

Electronic Processes on Semiconductor Surfaces during Chemisorption

Electronic Processes on Semiconductor Surfaces during Chemisorption Electronic Processes on Semiconductor Surfaces during Chemisorption T. Wolkenstein Translatedfrom Russian by E. M. Yankovskii Translation edited in part by Roy Morrison CONSULTANTS BUREAU NEW YORK AND

More information

ELECTRONS AND PHONONS IN SEMICONDUCTOR MULTILAYERS

ELECTRONS AND PHONONS IN SEMICONDUCTOR MULTILAYERS ELECTRONS AND PHONONS IN SEMICONDUCTOR MULTILAYERS Second Edition B.K. RIDLEY University of Essex CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface Introduction 1 Simple Models of the Electron-Phonon Interaction

More information

Special Properties of Au Nanoparticles

Special Properties of Au Nanoparticles Special Properties of Au Nanoparticles Maryam Ebrahimi Chem 7500/750 March 28 th, 2007 1 Outline Introduction The importance of unexpected electronic, geometric, and chemical properties of nanoparticles

More information

8 Summary and outlook

8 Summary and outlook 91 8 Summary and outlook The main task of present work was to investigate the growth, the atomic and the electronic structures of Co oxide as well as Mn oxide films on Ag(001) by means of STM/STS at LT

More information

Structure analysis: Electron diffraction LEED TEM RHEED

Structure analysis: Electron diffraction LEED TEM RHEED Structure analysis: Electron diffraction LEED: Low Energy Electron Diffraction SPA-LEED: Spot Profile Analysis Low Energy Electron diffraction RHEED: Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction TEM: Transmission

More information

Introduction to Semiconductor Integrated Optics

Introduction to Semiconductor Integrated Optics Introduction to Semiconductor Integrated Optics Hans P. Zappe Artech House Boston London Contents acknowledgments reface itroduction Chapter 1 Basic Electromagnetics 1 1.1 General Relationships 1 1.1.1

More information

Nanomaterials for Photovoltaics (v11) 14. Intermediate-Band Solar Cells

Nanomaterials for Photovoltaics (v11) 14. Intermediate-Band Solar Cells 1 14. Intermediate-Band Solar Cells Intermediate (impurity) band solar cells (IBSCs) (I) Concept first proposed by A. Luque and A. Martí in 1997. Establish an additional electronic band within the band

More information

Neutron and x-ray spectroscopy

Neutron and x-ray spectroscopy Neutron and x-ray spectroscopy B. Keimer Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research outline 1. self-contained introduction neutron scattering and spectroscopy x-ray scattering and spectroscopy 2. application

More information

From Last Time. Partially full bands = metal Bands completely full or empty = insulator / seminconductor

From Last Time. Partially full bands = metal Bands completely full or empty = insulator / seminconductor From Last Time Solids are large numbers of atoms arranged in a regular crystal structure. Each atom has electron quantum states, but interactions shift the energies. End result is each type atomic electron

More information