GRADE - 5 LESSON.1 Globes and Maps

Transcription

1 GRADE - 5 LESSON.1 Globes and Maps ANSWERS FOR IN-TEXT QUESTIONS Page 11: 1. grid 2. graphical representation, flat Page 12: physical Page 15: 1. measurement, actual distance 2. light brown EXERCISES 1. Fill in the blanks. a. Equator b. green c. thematic d. north-east e. atlas 2. Choose the correct answer. a. (2) Globes b. (2) grid c. (2) relief d. (1) cardinal directions e. (2) Symbols 3. Match the following. a. (3) b. (5) c. (2) d. (1) e. (4) 4. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences. a. The imaginary line running through the middle of the earth is called an axis. b. Maps are of the following kinds: physical or relief maps, political maps, and thematic maps. c. Relief maps show the various landforms of a region, such as mountains, rivers, deserts, lakes, and so on. They give a clear view of the terrain of a particular area and use different colours to depict different landforms. d. A symbol is an indicator of the keys in a map. They help us to understand the map better. e. An atlas is a book containing different kinds of maps of the continents and countries of the world. 5. Answer the following questions. a. Grids have imaginary horizontal and vertical lines running over the surface. The intersection of these lines on the grid forms co-ordinates which help us in identifying the location of a place. b. A map is a graphical representation of the earth s surface drawn to scale on a sheet of paper. Political maps show continents, countries, and states along with their borders and major cities. c. The three types of scale include stated scale, linear scale, and ratio scale. d. Legends help in understanding maps by explaining what the symbols and colours in the map stand for. They show a small picture of these symbols along with a written description of what they mean. e. Globes and maps can be differentiated as follows: (1) A globe is a three-dimensional view of the entire world while maps give a two-dimensional view of the world or certain regions of the world. (2) A globe normally shows the political features of the world while maps can either be thematic, physical, or political. (3) Globes cannot be carried easily from place to place while maps are portable. (4) Globes show only the major details but maps can show minor details using symbols. (5) Globes are the most perfect approximation of the Earth and helps in the clear understanding of the relative size of continents and oceans. Maps present a geographical representation of the earth s surface.

2 IT S WORK TIME! Worksheet 1 1. cat 2. parrot 3. parrot 4. sheep 5. hen 6. sheep 7. horse 8. horse IntegratedActivity km km km km km km km km km km 2.Weather and Climate ANSWERS FOR IN-TEXT QUESTIONS Page 28: Climate Page 29: warmer Page 30: 1. mild 2. humidity Page 31: hot Page 33: 66½ S, 90 S. South Frigid Zone 1. polar 2. tropical, equatorial EXERCISES 1. Fill in the blanks. a. Weather b. colder c. Monsoon d. global warming e. temperate 2. Choose the correct answer. a. (3) equatorial regions b. (2) cutting down trees c. (3) hot and dry d. (3) the North Temperate Zone e. (3) Mediterranean region 3. Match the following. a. (4) b. (3) c. (5) d. (1) e. (2) 4. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences. a. The factors that affect climate are distance from the Equator, distance from the sea, height above sea level,winds, humidity, and influence of human beings. b. The different heat zones of the world are the Frigid Zone, the Temperate Zone, and the Torrid Zone.

3 c. The North Frigid Zone extends from 66½ N to 90 N and South Frigid Zone from 66½ S to 90 S. d. The four seasons experienced in the temperate region are spring, summer, autumn, and winter. e. The tropical region is found in the tropical belt on either side of the Equatorial region. The climate is hot for most part of the year, while winters are mild. 5. Answer the following questions. a. Weather is the condition of the atmosphere of a particular place at a particular time while climate is the average weather condition of a place over a long period of time, covering several years. The weather of a place keeps changing every day or every few days but the climate of a place does not change as frequently as the weather does. b. As the sun s rays fall directly on the Equator for most part of the year, the places closer to the Equator are hotter than the places that are away from the Equator. c. Winds blowing in from the sea carry with them a lot of moisture and bring rain to the coastal areas. Hot winds from the deserts make a region hot and the cold winds blowing from the mountains make a region cold. d. The different heat zones of the world are the Frigid Zone, the Temperate Zone, and the Torrid Zone. The region on either side of the Equator from the Tropic of Cancer (23½ N) to the Tropic of Capricorn (23½ S) is called the Torrid Zone. This region receives the direct rays of the sun and is therefore hot throughout the year. e. The temperate region lies between the Tropics and the Arctic and Antarctic Circles. Here, winters are cold and summers are mild. This region has four distinct seasons spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Deserts are normally found around the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. This region has very hot and dry weather with little or no rainfall at all.

4 Worksheet 2 1. North and South Frigid zones 2. Temperate zone 3. Torrid zone 4. Torrid zone 5. Torrid zone 6. Torrid zone Worksheet 3 1. e. 2. f. 3. a. 4. b. 5. d. 6. c. 3.The Tundra and Equatorial Regions ANSWERS FOR IN-TEXT QUESTIONS Page 45: 1. frigid 2. Arctic, North 3. Antarctic, South Page 48: C, 10 C 2. rises 3. sets Page 49: 1. copper, iron ore 2. Scandinavia, Finland 3. greyish brown, camouflage 4. igloos Page 51: mountainous areas Page 52: 1. Crocodile, anaconda, jaguar, turtle 2. evergreen Page 53: 1. emergent 2. convectional EXERCISES 1. Fill in the blanks. a. permafrost b. Arctic tern c. snowmobiles d. torrid e. Dayaks, Indians 2. Choose the correct answer. a. (2) tundra region b. (3) Antarctica c. (2) Siberia d. (2) emergent e. (1) plantation 3. Match the following. a. (2) b. (1) c. (5) d. (3) e. (4) 4. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences. a. Polar bears, Arctic hares, Arctic foxes, lemmings, caribous, reindeers, snowy owls, and Arctic terns are some of the animals found in the tundra region.

5 b. When the snow thaws in the Tundra region, some shrubs such as mosses, lichens, willows, and grass grow. A few flower-bearing plants and berry-bearing shrubs also grow here. c. The ability of some animals to blend in with the surrounding so as to protect themselves from their enemies is known as camouflage. d. Equatorial forests are found in the countries such as Brazil, Congo, and Indonesia. e. Shifting agriculture is the process in which a piece of land is cleared by burning the trees and then crops are grown for two to three years. Once the fertility of the land reduces, they move on to a new area. 5. Answer the following questions. a. The tundra region lies between the Arctic Circle (66.5 N) and the North Pole (90 N) in the northern hemisphere and between the Antarctic Circle (66.5 S) and the South Pole (90 S) in the southern hemisphere. The countries that fall in this region are northern parts of Canada, Alaska, Greenland, Iceland, northern parts of Scandinavia, Siberia and Antarctica. b. The summer temperatures in tundra rarely rise above 10 C, which is barely enough to thaw the surface of the ground. The snow melts but the ice caps in the poles remain intact. During summer, the sun never sets and there is continuous sunlight, even at midnight, for six months. c. Many changes have taken place over the last fifty years in the lives of the Inuits. Discovery of minerals such as gold, copper, iron ore, and oil has changed their lives. They have now started using snowmobiles instead of kayaks, and use rifles to hunt animals. They live in permanent wooden houses and their children have started going to school. d. Forests with dense growth of trees that shed their leaves at different times in a year appear to be green throughout the year and are known as evergreen forests. The lowest layer found in the evergreen forests is the forest floor. This layer consists of decomposed leaves and fruits that have fallen from trees. Not many plants grow here and it is quite dark as sunlight hardly penetrates through the tall trees. Above this layer is the understorey where small trees, shrubs, and creepers grow. The next layer is the canopy, which is an umbrella-like layer formed by tall trees.the tallest trees emerge from the canopy to form the emergent layer and this layer receives a lot of sunlight and rain. e. The kinds of animals found in the equatorial region include monkeys, flying foxes, flying

6 squirrels, jaguars, chimpanzees, mosaic frogs, and anacondas. Crocodiles, alligators, snakes, and turtles are found in rivers. Many different kinds of fishes, insects and colourful birds such as toucan, humming birds macaus and parrots are also found here. IT S WORK TIME! Worksheet 1 1. Antarctica is located in the South Pole. 2. Yes, Antarctica has sunlight for only six months in a year. 3. No, winters are not longer than the summers in Antarctica. 4. Scientists take turns to go to Antarctica because it is too cold for people to live there for a long duration. 5. Many types of whales are found in the oceans around Antarctica. Seals and penguins are also common here. Worksheet 3 Tundra region This region falls under the frigid zone. This region has long, freezing winters and brief, cool summers. Polar bears, Arctic hares, Arctic foxes, Arctic terns, and reindeers live here. The soil is permanently frozen for most part of the year, so very few vegetation can survive here. Tribes like the Inuits, Lapps, the Yakuts, and Chukchis live in this region. Equatorial region Jaguars, chimpanzees, flying foxes, and flying squirrels live in this region. Tribes like the Semangs, Kubus, Pygmies, Dayaks, Bantus, and the Amazon Indians live here. This region falls under the torrid zone. This region is hot and wet, and there is plenty of rainfall. There is a dense growth of trees as there is plenty of rainfall.

7

8 4. The Tropical and Temperate Grasslands ANSWERS FOR IN-TEXT QUESTIONS Page 70: 1. campos, llanos 2. tall, coarse 3. baobab Page 72: 1. Red kangaroos 2. Masais, cattle 3. Hyena velds, downs Page 75: 1. cooler 2. Alfalfa 3. granaries EXERCISES 1. Fill in the blanks. ANSWER KEY a. Equator, equatorial rainforests b. Baobab c. marsupials d. Herders e. Kyrghyz, Kazakh 2. Choose the correct answer. a. (2) bush b. (3) Okapis c. (2) temperate d. (2) velds e. (1) grazing 3. Match the following. a. (2) b. (4) c. (5) d. (1) e. (3) 4. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences. a. Tropical grasslands are found in the tropical region on either side of the Equator. They are found on the borders of the equatorial rainforests. b. Some animals are getting endangered in the savannah because of many factors such as poaching, overgrazing, and loss of habitat. c. The various temperate grasslands of the world are the prairies of North America, pampas of South America, steppes of Europe, velds of Africa, and downs of Australia. d. The deep roots of the grass help it to survive the frost and snow during winter and the occasional fires that occur in the region. e. The wetter regions have taller grass, while the drier regions have shorter grass. 5. Answer the following questions. a. Tropical grasslands have a wet, hot, and humid summer while the winter is dry and lasts for just three months from December to February. It is hot throughout the year and the temperature is normally above 20 C. Some parts of the savannah receive high rainfall, while other parts receive less rainfall. A series of violent thunderstorms occur in October and the annual rainfall is about 100 cm 150 cm. Temperate grasslands, on the other hand, have a cooler climate than the savannah. The summers are hot and humid. Winters are cool and dry. In the northern hemisphere, snow, and frost may occur during winter. Rainfall varies from low to moderate and this influences the height of the vegetation. b. Savannahs are comprised mostly of grasses and a few trees scattered here and there. In areas where there is heavy rainfall, the grasses are tall and coarse. In areas of scanty rainfall, the grasses are short and thin. Acacia, baobab, and jackalberry are some trees that grow here. The roots of these trees are adapted to survive dry conditions as they go down deep into the soil in search of water. Many varieties of shrubs also grow in this region.

9 c. Since the Savannah is rich in grasses, it is home to a wide variety of animals that roam and graze in these green pastures. Animals such as zebras, giraffes, elephants, okapis, gazelles, and buffaloes are some herbivores that are found here. Marsupials such as red kangaroos (the largest variety of kangaroos), wallabies, wallaroos, and wombats are found only in Australia. Carnivores such as lions, cheetahs, leopards, and wild dogs roam freely in these grasslands. Scavengers such as vultures and hyenas feast on dead animals. Birds such as the ostrich, the red-billed oxpecker, and the grey lourie are also found here. There are many kinds of reptiles too such as snakes, lizards, and crocodiles that live in the savannah. d. Grazing animals such as bisons, antelopes, and wild horses are found in the temperate grasslands. Burrowing animals such as the jackrabbit, gophers, and prairie dogs also live here. They spend their winter in their underground burrows. Snakes, pumas, coyotes, and insects such as grasshoppers are common here, while kangaroos, koalas, and emus are found in the downs of Australia. Bears, squirrels and birds such as geese and swallows can also be found here. e. The people living in the temperate grasslands rear animals for milk, dairy products, and meat. Sheep rearing is the most important occupation of people in the velds, which has given rise to the wool industry. Worksheet 1 latitudes, temperate, savannah, rainfall, trees grass, herbivorous, graze, fast, adapted, camouflage, migrate, hibernate drought, dormant, Farming, cattle, Antarctica Worksheet 2 1. temperate grasslands 2. tropical grasslands 3. temperate grasslands 4. tropical grasslands 5. temperate grasslands 6. temperate grasslands 7. tropical grasslands 8. tropical grasslands Worksheet 3 Tropical grasslands and Temperate grasslands Similarities Location Climate hot and humid dry winters Vegetation Differences Location: between the tropics and the Arctic and Antarctic Circles (Temperate grasslands) the tropical region on either sides of the Equator (Tropical grasslands) Climate wet summers (Tropical grasslands) cool winters (Temperate grasslands) rainfall cms annually (Tropical grasslands) rainfall-less to moderate (Temperate grasslands) Vegetation grasses, acacia, baobab trees, jackalberry, shrubs (Tropical grasslands) alfalfa, buffalo grass, blue grama, sunflower, clover, wild indigo, wheat, barley, oats (Temperate grasslands)

10 Wildlife Human occupation Wildlife herbivores (zebras, giraffes), marsupials (red kangaroos, wallabies), carnivores (lions, cheetahs), scavengers (vultures, hyenas), birds (ostrich, red-billed oxpecker), reptiles (snakes, lizards) (Tropical grasslands) grazing animals (bisons, antelopes), burrowing animals (jackrabbits, gophers), birds (geese, emus), insects (grasshopper), snakes, pumas, coyotes (Temperate grasslands) Human occupation the Masais (cattle herding), the Hausas (agriculture, animal rearing) (Tropical grasslands) Native American Indians (agriculture, hunting, farming), the Kyrghyz and the Kazakh (urban lifestyle), people in the velds (sheep rearing) (Temperate grasslands) INTEGRATED ACTIVITY 3. a. eucalyptus leaves b. No c. true d. female deer e. pride f. spines g. false h. mare i. kid j. True