Disaster Risk Management in India. Kamal Kishore New Delhi, 27 October 2016

Transcription

1 Disaster Risk Management in India Kamal Kishore New Delhi, 27 October 2016

2 Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability

3 Disaster

4 Prevention

5 Mitigation

6 Hurricane Matthew: Cuba & Haiti Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) ECHO Daily Map 06/10/2016 Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba, USA Tropical Cyclone MATTHEW SITUATION Intensity Oct, UTC 222 km/h sust. winds People dead Hurricane People evacuated Tropical Storm People injured Tropical Depression People missing Wind Buffer Legend > 120 km/h lspop2012 Houses damaged VALUE km/h Houses destroyed km/h 1-5Heavy rain Area of track 6-25 uncertainty Landslide GDACS Alert 51 - Damaged 100 school Pop Density 500 (pop/km Moderate Event 2 ) Potential local disaster Potential severe Affected Departments disaster 8 Oct, 6.00 UTC 176 km/h sust. winds 7 Oct, UTC 213 km/h sust. winds 7 Oct, 6.00 UTC 231 km/h sust. winds Oct, UTC 230 km/h sust. winds Landfall near Les Anglais > Oct, 0.00 UTC 220 km/h sust. winds Landfall near Juaco Les Anglais 6 Oct, 9.00 UTC 204 km/h sust. winds Juaco 10 Oct, 6.00 UTC 111 km/h sust. winds 11 Oct, 6.00 UTC 93 km/h sust. winds 5 Oct, UTC 213 km/h sust. winds > > Oct, UTC 231 km/h sust. winds HURRICANE WARNING in effect as of 6 Oct, 9.00 UTC (NOAA) 4 Central Bahamas: Long Island, Exuma, Rum Cay, San Salvador, Cat Island North-western Bahamas: Abacos, Andros Island, Berry Islands, Bimini, Eleuthera, Grand Bahama Island, New Providence North Golden beach Lake Okeechobee Impact in Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba and the Bahamas > people dead > 1 million people evacuated 10 people injured >5 200 houses damaged 230 schools damaged > Tropical Cyclone MATTHEW continued moving northwest, passing through The Bahamas islands as a Category 3 Hurricane. On 6 October at 9.00 UTC, its centre was located 95 km south south-east of Nassau (The Bahamas) and 410 km south-east of west Palm Beach (Florida State, USA) and it had max. sustained winds speed of 205 km/h (Category 3 Hurricane). Over the next 24 h, it is forecast to continue moving north-west, strengthening. Its centre may pass near or over Andros Island and New Providence on 6 October afternoon and Gran Bahama island (The Bahamas) in the evening of the same date possibly as a Category 3 Hurricane. It then may pass near the eastern coast of the Florida peninsula on 7 October possibly as a Category 4 Hurricane. Heavy rain, strong winds and storm surge may affect the areas along its path. JRC calculations estimated a storm surge of 2.8 m in Red Bay (The Bahamas) on 6 October at UTC. As of 6 October 9:00 UTC, Hurricane and Tropical Storm Warnings and Watches are in effect for several parts of the Bahamas, as well as several parts of Florida and South Carolina states (USA). Civil Protection Haiti is reporting 5 dead and over houses damaged. OCHA reports 10 people injured and over evacuated in the Departments of Grand'Anse, Nippes, West, Centre, South and Southeast (Haiti). However, due to lack of access to many affected areas a full picture of the situation is not yet available. Authorities in the Dominican Republic report displaced in family houses and 794 in official shelters with houses partially damaged and 20 destroyed. Hundreds of houses have also been damaged in Baracoa (Guantanamo province, Cuba). According to official reports, more than 1 million are estimated to be evacuated throughout the region. Sources: ECHO, GDACS, NOAA, Meteo-Haiti, OCHA, UN, Cuba Gov., COGIC, Local Media ACCUMMULATED RAINFALL 3 5 OCTOBER CUBA HAITI DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

7 Differential Impacts Cuba Deaths: 0 Evacuated: 70,000 Population of most affected municipalities: 300,000 Haiti Deaths: 548 (+128 missing) Evacuated (displaced): 175,000 Population of most affected municipalities: 1,000,000

8 Indian Scenario Declining Disaster Mortality: false comfort? 9000 Disaster Mortality (10-year moving average) Mortality rate

9 Indian Scenario Probablistic assessment by the Global Assessment Report (UNISDR) estimates expected direct average annual losses for India at $10 billion per year India along with China is placed as top four countries (others include Japan, USA) as "high risk" in absolute economic exposure due to natural hazards (Natural Hazards Risk Atlas 2014 by British Risk Assessors Maplecroft)

10 What leads to high level disaster risk? HAZARDS: almost all principal natural hazards: earthquakes, floods, cyclones, drought, and landslides EXPOSURE: Large, disproportionate concentration of people, capital assets and economic activity in hazard prone areas. This exposure is increasing! VULNERABILITY: Inherent vulnerability of the built environment, socio-economic systems, environmental concerns exacerbating risk

11 Disproportionate Exposure Seismic Zone Area Total Population (2001) Zone V % 9% Zone IV % 27% Zone III % 42%

12 Per cent Increasing Vulnerability (112) (147) India Total 2001 India Total (73) (66) (29) 9.98 (33) 10.2 (25) (43) 3.7 (9) 4.68 (16) 5 0 Unburnt brick Grass/ Thatch/ Bamboo etc. Mud/ Stone Burnt brick Any other material Material of Wall Note: Figures in bracket are the number of houses in Million. Share of houses, which are prone to Earthquakes, is growing while the share of traditional houses which can withstand disasters is reducing. 12

13 Disaster Risk Management in India From a response centric approach to a holistic approach. Disaster Management Act, 2005 provides for: Establishment of legal and institutional framework at all three levels i.e. National, State and District The federal structure of Indian governance provides both opportunities and challenges for disaster risk management Formulation of policy and plan backed by statutory and financial support at all levels. Mainstreaming of multi-sectoral DM concerns into the developmental process and mitigation measures.

14 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management All Ministries required to prepare their Plan and provides funds for mitigation, preparedness and capacity building Flexi Funds available with Central Ministries Normal Funds from other sources can also be used Specific Funds created at National and State level for Response Post disaster reconstruction be undertaken with Plan Funds

15 Thank You