The Graniteville Train Crash: Emergency Response Support Provided by the Savannah River National Laboratory
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1 The Graniteville Train Crash: Emergency Response Support Provided by the Savannah River National Laboratory Matthew J. Parker, CCM, Charles H. Hunter and Robert P. Addis Atmospheric Technologies Group Savannah River National Laboratory Aiken, South Carolina Outline Accident Details Support from SRNL and SRS ATG s Capabilities Modeling Effort Post Analysis Prior Training/Preparation Summary RETS/REMP NUMUG June 29, 2005 Accident Details Graniteville Train Wreck Time of accident: 2:39 am Thursday January 6, 2005 Location: Graniteville, SC Situation: Norfolk Southern Railroad freight train collided with stationary train parked on a siding Accident involved rail cars containing chlorine, cresol, and sodium hydroxide Chlorine greatest airborne concern due to high volatility Photos Courtesy of Augusta Chronicle Mutual Aid Agreements with Local Governments SRS Assistance Mutual Aid Agreements signed in 996 establishes SRNL partnerships with local Emergency Response agencies Participants are Aiken, Barnwell, Allendale, Richmond, Columbia counties Agreements Identified three primary areas of collaboration: Establish meteorological monitoring in critical hazard zones Provide custom hazard consequence assessment software Provide EMA directors consultation and support, as needed, during hazardous material or severe weather emergencies and SRSFD 6 On duty Fire/Haz-Mat/ Law Enforcement Agencies Approximate 30 volunteer members from SRS WSRC Emergency Management 7 Critical Incident Stress Counselors
2 R ai SRS Assistance (cont.) SRS Tower Network SRS Operations Center (SRSOC) 6 Personnel Logistics requests DOE Headquarters Briefings Department of Homeland Security Briefings Wackenhut Services Incorporated 7 Personnel SRNL Atmospheric Technologies Group 6 Personnel Consequence modeling & meteorological data Weather forecasting & consulting 9 towers on SRS (200ft) 4 towers Richmond county (20 ft) 500 ft TV tower data available every 5 minutes COLUMBIA CO RICHMOND CO AUGUSTA EDGEFIELD CO AIKEN CO North Augusta RICHMOND CO. BURKE CO GA Existing SRS Monitoring Sites 78 WJBF SC Aiken SAVANNAH RIVER AIKEN CO. BARNWELL CO. SAVANNAH RIVER SITE BARNWELL CO. ALLENDALE CO. Local weather data Meteorological Data Flow Worldwide weather data Regional Observing Stations Weather center computers NWS Observing Stations SC & GA TV Tower SRS Towers Sun Unix Relational Data base & LINUX RAIDs Atmospheric Modeling Linux & IBM Computer Arrays WIND System Software Applications F i r e w a l l Internet SRNL forecast models use weather analyses derived from data from NWS observing stations SRNL receives data from all NWS stations across all USA (as well as world wide) - Surface observations - Upper air balloon soundings Regional Atmospheric Modeling at SRS Local Atmospheric Modeling at SRS SRNL Forecasts Weather Conditions hours For South East USA SRNL uses the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) to forecast winds etc. at SRS for: - emergency response - prescribed forest burns - operational forecasting SRNL Forecasts Weather Conditions 3-6 hours For SRS & environs SRNL uses RAMS to nest a fine scale forecast FOR winds etc. at SRS for emergency response Model runs updated every 3 hrs Model runs updated every 2 hrs 2
3 Consequence Assessment Modeling Modeling Considerations Hierarchical Menu of Consequence Assessment Codes Area Evacuation ( immediate phase, < 5 km) Puff / Plume (early phase, km) 2DPUF (early- intermediate phase, - 00 km) LPDM (intermediate phase, km) Stream II (aqueous) Supporting codes: NARAC, CAMEO/ALOHA, HOTSPOT, VSMOKE, HPAC, HYSPLIT Estimating a Chlorine release rate Extent of damage (small crack vs. large rupture) Amount of inventory remaining Dense gas behavior for Chlorine Boiling point F Other chemicals Synopsis of Meteorological Conditions - Morning of Jan 6 Initial SRNL Response (Day ) Surface high (022 mb) off the Southeast U.S coast producing south to southwesterly flow over Georgia and South Carolina Partly cloudy sky with areas of fog Observations from the SRS Regional Tower Network Wind: SSW 2-4 mph (sfc); 6-8 mph (200 ft) Temp: Mid 50s F RH: 90% Atm. Stability: Slightly stable to neutral Assistance requested shortly after 7:00 am First Puff-Plume model result web-posted for external access by 8:00 am Subsequent model results posted throughout the day (every 2-3 hours) with updated meteorology from local meteorological towers Ongoing discussions with Aiken County EOC and SC DHEC including briefings on current and forecast meteorological conditions Weather support for the SRS on-scene responder teams Ongoing SRNL Response (Day 2) Continued posting of model results posted throughout the day (every 2-3 hours) Ongoing discussions with Aiken County EOC including briefings on current and forecast meteorological conditions Modeling to support recovery actions Case : Spill of rail car with 40% inventory Case 2: Spill of rail car with 00% inventory First Atmospheric Model Run Posted on WEB site for local and states 3
4 Puff/Plume results integrated with GIS Local Atmospheric Modeling at SRS Land-Use Features for Inner Grids SRNL Forecasts Weather Conditions 2 hours For SRS & environs SRNL uses RAMS ( to nest a fine scale forecast for winds etc. at SRS for emergency response Topography shows northsouth oriented valley in which Graniteville is located. Forecast wind fields updated every 3 hrs Incorporation of Nested Grids Lowest level above ground (outer 2 grids, 5 m AGL; inner 2 grids, 7 m AGL). Initialize model with RUC and nudge to lateral BC s every 3 hours Simulate from 8UTC, 05 Jan to 00UTC, 07 Jan 4
5 Close-up of railroad track spur Note the green tree tops. Possible indication of plume depth. 5
6 Prior Training / Preparation Summary Annual Emergency Response Organization exercises Scenarios for accidents involving multiple tankers for an onsite railway (non-srs shipments) Multiple chemical types used (HF, NH 4, etc) Use of ALOHA for source term Integration with ATG s models Post analysis in our own backyard SRNL resources worked as designed, providing timely information directly to the local decision-maker Aiken County Joint Operations Center State authorities in Columbia (DHEC) Very positive feedback from Aiken County authorities. It was very crucial to give us up-to-date wind conditions and plume models - Mike Hunt, Aiken Co. Sheriff courtesy Augusta Chronicle 6
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