What is STORM? A Real-time Management System designed to mitigate the threats of climate change to Cultural Heritage

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1 What is STORM? A Real-time Management System designed to mitigate the threats of climate change to Cultural Heritage Safeguarding Cultural Heritage through Technical and Organisational Resources Management STORM: Safeguarding the future of cultural heritage sites through novel management and hazard warning systems Dr Michal Nevell STORM aims to provide an integrated approach to better manage risks (resulting from climate change or natural hazards) endangering cultural heritage by creating tools and instruments designed to assist the decisionmaking process during natural catastrophes This will be done through the development of: A collaboration and knowledge sharing platform Combining in an innovative way nondestructive techniques for monitoring cultural heritage, such as ground and atmospheric sensors, remote sensing techniques, crowdsensing and real-time sensor data

2 Key themes relating to the impact, rather than the process, of climate change in the UK & Britain: The Five STORM Pilot Sites The Pilot Sites Coastal Processes Inland Water Inundation Extremes of Wetting and Drying Fire Pests and Diseases Urban Heat Islands Right: Cumbrian floods 2009 & 15: Top Cockermouth in and bottom railway landslip near Workington in

3 Fortezza Fortress and Historical Centre of Rethymno Diocletian Baths Brief description and main emergencies The Site: The Baths of Diocletian are a very complex site, with buildings of different periods partly built one on top of the other: the Roman baths, which were the biggest thermal complex ever built in the Roman world; the renaissance charterhouse, designed by Michelangelo; and the 19 th century Museum building. The area is in the very centre of Rome, just in front of Termini Station, and therefore exposed to many anthropogenic, but also natural hazards. Main climate change effects: increase in storms and strong winds increases in temperature extremes and humidity cycle rise in biological infestation increase in air pollution Slow hazards: Humidity Biological colonisation Erosion Damp rising from the floor Air pollution Increased human activities Sudden hazards: Strong winds and storms Fire induced Vibration (underground rail) The Site: it is a very complex site: a living urban centre continuously occupied since the Hellenistic period. Monuments of the Venetian (XIII-XVII centuries) and Ottoman period (XVII-XX centuries). Fortezza: dates back to the XVI century and was built by Sforza Pallavicini; Rimondi fountain was built in 1626, while the Soap factory dates back to the end of the XVIII century. Main climate change effects: increase in storms and strong winds increases in temperature extremes and humidity cycle rise in biological infestation increase in air pollution Slow hazards: Humidity Biological colonisation Erosion Damp rising from the floor Increased human activities Air pollution Sudden hazards: Floods from heavy rainfall Fire induced

4 Ephesus Brief description and main emergencies Roman Ruins of Tróia Brief description and main emergencies The Site: The city of Ephesus was one of the largest and most important cities in the ancient Mediterranean world, lying on the western coast of Asia Minor (in modern day Turkey). It was one of the oldest Greek settlements on the Aegean Sea, and later the provincial seat of Roman government in Asia. Situated at end of the Royal Road the chief thoroughfare of the Roman East the city was a western terminus of East-West trade, with one of the most important Mediterranean harbours for exporting products to Greece. Main climate change effects: increase in wildfires increases in temperature extremes and humidity cycle Rise in biological infestation Slow hazards: Humidity Biological colonisation Erosion Damp rising from the floor Increased human activities Sudden hazards: wildfires The Site: Located on the south-western coast of Portugal on a sandy peninsula surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean and by the estuary of the Sado River. Between I and VI century A.D. the area was a large centre for the production of salted fish and sauces; later, it was covered by the sand, which allowed the preservation of walls and structures up to 6 meters high. Main climate change effects: Rising sea-levels Increased rainfall Strong winds leading to rise in wind-driven particulates Increased solar radiation Biological infestation Slow hazards: Humidity Biological colonisation Erosion Damp rising from the floor Increased human activities Sudden hazards: Strong winds High tides sunamis Storms and heavy rain

5 Mellor Brief description and main emergencies Site brief: Mellor consists of three separate sites situated in an upland valley location in the North-West England region of the United Kingdom Kingdom: Shaw Cairn a Bronze Age burial site on moorland; Mellor Old Vicarage - an Iron Age and Roman settlement site on a hill with continuous occupation from the 5 th century BC to the 4 th century AD; Mellor Mill the site of an industrial-period cotton mill situated in a river valley. Main climate change effects: increase in storms and strong winds; Increase in precipitation increase in wildfires Increases in temperature extremes and humidity cycle rise in biological infestation Slow hazards: Humidity Biological colonisation Erosion (freeze-thaw action & drought) Increased human activities Sudden hazards: Strong winds Storms and heavy rain/snow wildfires Pilots Priorities Motivation Matrix Needs versus Project Outcomes STORM Outcomes O1.1 - Novel predictive models Hazard monitoring & prediction O2.1 Methodology for the mitigation of natural hazards and the assessment / Disaster warning management of corresponding threats O2.2 Supporting services for the mitigation of natural hazards and the Disaster planning assessment /management of corresponding threats O2.3 Tools for the mitigation of natural hazards and the Conservation training assessment/management of corresponding threats Closer liaison with emergency services O3.1- Methods, Processes, Tools and Services for Survey and Surveillance O3.2- Methods, Processes, Tools and Services for Monitoring and Diagnosis Collaboration with other cultural heritage bodies O3.3 Methods, Processes, Tools and Services for Restoration and Conservation O3.4 Crowd-sensing extractors and filters O4.1 Model and Services for creating situational pictures O4.2 Model and Services for managing situational pictures O5.1 Methodologies and Practices for assessment, quick restoration and long-term conservation O6.1 Network of stakeholders focused on sustainable management and conservation of Cultural Heritage in Europe O6.2 Collaboration platform O7.1 Policies improvements O7.2 Training packages for Institutions, Professionals, Operators O8.1 Analytics tools

6 EFFECTS OF SUDDEN-ONSET HAZARDS SLOW ONSET HAZARDS IN ACTION Slow-onset hazards and threats wear out the mortar that binds the construction elements leaving them very fragile Storms, intense rainfall, strong winds, earthquakes and other sudden-onset hazards make them collapse! Coast erosion Tides Salinisation Rainfall Humidity cycle-changes Ground moisture Wind

7 STORM hazard management system A tangible added value of STORM project STORM sensor monitoring Data 14

8 Predicting Annual Climate Change Impacts on Mellor by 2050 Mellor Old Vicarage 1) Increase in the instance of 5 or more consecutive days above 30 degrees C 2) Increase in the number of 5 or more consecutive days below freezing 3) Increase in the number of sudden rain events 4) Decrease in rainfall 15 16

9 CONCLUSION Fires on Buckton Moor in the Peak District National Park June The impact of climate change? Archaeological sites such as Shaw Cairn are at risk as much from fire and invasive new species as from floods and storms. We must prepare for these changes 17 18

10 Climate Change and STORM The Vision Predictive models of climate change Monitoring tools for slow and sudden hazards Methodologies for quick restoration and long-term conservation Collaborative working through networks, stakeholders and online media platform Training packages Policy improvements Thank You These outcomes add up to improving the resilience of Cultural Heritage to climate change Rome, March Mike Neville (USAL)